The satellite “Lomonosov” was launched on April, 28, 2016. The main objective of the experiments on board this satellite – to study of extreme physical phenomena in space. Among them are Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) and cosmic transient gamma-ray bursts. For UHECR measurements on board this satellite the mirror-type ultraviolet telescope (TUS) was installed to register Extensive Air Showers (EAS) in the atmosphere initiated by UHECR. It is the world's first space experiment which can measure particles in the energy more than 5$\times10^{19}$ eV, that is of the Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin cut-off (GZK-cut off) possible energy band. The results of identifying candidates for EAS from UHECR have been presented. Cosmic gamma –ray bursts (GRB) on board “Lomonosov” were recorded by multiwave set of instruments: in UV, optical - visible and gamma-rays ranges by gamma-ray spectrometer (BDRG), UFFO instrument consisted of ultraviolet image telescope (SMT) with a gamma-rays detector (UBAT) - and wide-field optical cameras SHOK. The first results of the analysis of observations of GRBs – their timing and power characteristics are presented.