Papers by Matthew Heidecker
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Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2006
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The thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites with montmorillonite, layered... more The thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites with montmorillonite, layered double hydroxides and carbon nanotubes{
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La presente invention concerne des procedes pour detecter de l'energie electromagnetique (par... more La presente invention concerne des procedes pour detecter de l'energie electromagnetique (par exemple, un rayonnement ultraviolet), et des articles appropries pour etre utilises dans de tels procedes. Les procedes et les articles peuvent etre utiles pour detecter une sterilisation ou desinfection resultant de l'energie electromagnetique telle qu'un rayonnement ultraviolet. La detection de la sterilisation ou desinfection permet l'interruption de l'exposition lorsqu'un niveau souhaite de sterilisation ou desinfection a ete obtenu. Des mecanismes de retroaction, pour commander l'exposition a l'energie, peuvent egalement etre utilises.
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The term “nanocomposite” is widely used to describe a very broad range of materials, where one of... more The term “nanocomposite” is widely used to describe a very broad range of materials, where one of the phases has a submicrometer dimension [1–4].1 In the case of polymerbased nanocomposites, this typically involves the incorporation of “nano” fillers with one (platelets), two (fibers, tubes), or all three dimensions at the submicrometer scale. However, strictly speaking, simply using nanometer-scaled fillers is not sufficient for obtaining genuine/true nanocomposites [5]: these fillers must also be well dispersed down to individual particles and give rise to intrinsically new properties, which are not present in the respective macroscopic composites or the pure components. In this chapter, we shall use a broader definition, encompassing also “nanofilled polymer composites” [5], where – even without complete dispersion or in the absence of any new/novel functionalities – there exist substantial concurrent enhancements of multiple properties (for example, mechanical, thermal, thermome...
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L'invention concerne des composants ameliores de joint d'etancheite pour compresseurs, te... more L'invention concerne des composants ameliores de joint d'etancheite pour compresseurs, tels que des compresseurs a volute. De tels composants de joint d'etancheite ont un composite, moule sur une plaque de joint d'etancheite qui est preformee, qui sert de joint d'etancheite de face ameliore pour des ensembles joint d'etancheite flottant. La plaque de joint d'etancheite preformee peut etre formee d'un metal en poudre fritte ou de fonte grise. Le composite moule comporte un polymere thermoplastique et au moins une particule de renforcement ou de lubrification. L'invention concerne egalement des procedes de fabrication de tels composants de joint d'etancheite pour un compresseur a volute par moulage par injection.
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Nanometer-thin inorganic fillers are currently being explored for the improvement of the mechanic... more Nanometer-thin inorganic fillers are currently being explored for the improvement of the mechanical properties of various polymers. Although the nanocomposite structure offers generally applicable principles for such enhancements across polymers, there exist realistic limitations for the extent of improvement that can be achieved. Simple theoretical argu-ments quantifying the relevant dependencies are discussed. A comparative discussion, across several polymers reinforced by the same layered inorganic fillers, aims in revealing these lim-itations and tracing their molecular origins to the polymer/filler interactions and the filler characteristics.
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Thermally Stable and Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites
Page 1. Chapter 4 Poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposites using nanoclays modified with therm... more Page 1. Chapter 4 Poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposites using nanoclays modified with thermally stable surfactants EVANGELOS MANIAS,a MATTHEw J. HEIDECkER,a,c HIROYOSHI NAkAJIMA,a,d MARIUS C. COSTACHE ...
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Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites
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Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2006
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Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2006
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Despite the proliferation of polymer/inorganic nanocomposites in academic research and the commer... more Despite the proliferation of polymer/inorganic nanocomposites in academic research and the commercialization of tens of products based on such materials, their true potential still remains largely untapped. One of the major hurdles in this endeavor is to capitalize on the novel properties afforded by a true--'nano'morphology, i.e., beyond simple nanoparticulate dispersions and towards prescribed filler/phase arrangements and tailored filler--polymer interfaces. We comparatively present nanocomposites with prescribed nanomorphologies, which can be made in large, industrial-scale, quantities (e.g. composites with spatially arranged fillers: such as shear--aligned fillers in blown PE films and filler-induced compatibilization of PC/PET blends). We discuss the fundamental mechanisms of achieving the prescribed nanomorphologies and the related novel functionalities. In particular, we emphasize on extraordinary properties achieved by simultaneous control of the composite morphology and of the polymer--filler interface, such as an impressive toughening effectin PC/PET nanocomposites, and PE nanocomposites with a predetermined tensile strength by tailoring the polymer--filer interfacial adhesion.
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High-performance layered-silicate nanocomposites of Polycarbonate (PC), poly(ethylene terephthala... more High-performance layered-silicate nanocomposites of Polycarbonate (PC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and their blends were produced via conventional melt-blending techniques. The focus of this thesis was on the fundamentals of dispersion, control of thermal stability, maintenance of melt-blending processing conditions, and on optimization of the composites' mechanical properties via the design of controlled and thermodynamically favorable nano-filler dispersions within the polymer matrices. PET and PC require high temperatures for melt-processing, rendering impractical the use of conventional/commercial organically-modified layered-silicates, since the thermal degradation temperatures of their ammonium surfactants lies below the typical processing temperatures. Thus, different surfactant chemistries must be employed in order to develop melt-processable nanocomposites, also accounting for polymer matrix degradation due to water (PET) or amine compounds (PC). Novel high thermal-stability surfactants were developed and employed in montmorillonite nanocomposites of PET, PC, and PC/PET blends, and were compared to the respective nanocomposites based on conventional quaternary-ammonium modified montmorillonites. Favorable dispersion was achieved in all cases, however, the overall material behavior -- i.e., the combination of crystallization, mechanical properties, and thermal degradation -- was better for the nanocomposites based on the thermally-stable surfactant fillers. Studies were also done to trace, and ultimately limit, the matrix degradation of Polycarbonate/montmorillonite nanocomposites, through varying the montmorillonite surfactant chemistry, processing conditions, and processing additives. Molecular weight degradation was, maybe surprisingly, better controlled in the conventional quaternary ammonium based nanocomposites -- even though the thermal stability of the organically modified montmorillonites was in most cases the lowest. Dependence of the resultant nanocomposites' mechanical properties on the preferential alignment of the montmorillonite nano-platelet was also evaluated. Highly aligned filler platelets did not result in an additional enhancement in mechanical properties. PC/PET blends and their respective PC/PET/montmorillonite nanocomposites were synthesized and compared. The dispersion of the organically modified nano-fillers in the PC/PET blends was controlled via thermodynamic considerations, realized through proper surfactant choice: Nanocomposites in which the layered silicate was preferentially sequestered in the PET phase were designed and synthesized. This preferential dispersion of the nano-filler in the PET phase of the PC/PET blend was insensitive to processing conditions, including approaches employing a master-batch (filler concentrate); regardless of the master-batch matrix, both PC and PET were employed, thermodynamics drove the layered silicate to preferentially migrate to the PET phase of the PC/PET blend. In a second approach, the development of a nanocomposite with controlled PC/PET compatibilization near the montmorillonite platelets, in absence of appreciable transesterification reactions, led to the formation of very high performance nanocomposites. These latter systems, point to an exciting new avenue of future considerations for nanocomposite blends with selective nano-filler dispersions, where performance can be tailored via the controlled preferential dispersion of nano-fillers in one phase, or by filler-induced polymer compatibilization.
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Papers by Matthew Heidecker