The investigation into the elemental composition and microstructural characteristics of ancient c... more The investigation into the elemental composition and microstructural characteristics of ancient coins gives valuable information to researchers which greatly aid in the detection of counterfeits. This research aim is analysis encompasses an examination of major and trace elements present in the coins of Parthia, to identify forgery techniques utilizing the PIXE technique. The results show the elements Cl, Ca, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au, Pb, Sn, and Zn were identified and according to the ratio Ag/ Cu, can be said that the Parthia period occasionally used forged silver-plated coins. The elemental composition of silver coins of Orodes II and Phraates IV observes these coins are made with plating silver and affixed to the core utilizing a silver-copper eutectic layer, while the core itself consists of copper, and quantities of tin (Sn) were detected which may have been intentionally added for metallurgical, political, or historical reasons.
محوطه ¬های باستانی گنبد جهانگیر و تپه گوریه در استان ایلام به واسطه هم مرز بودن با عراق امروزی در... more محوطه ¬های باستانی گنبد جهانگیر و تپه گوریه در استان ایلام به واسطه هم مرز بودن با عراق امروزی در مطالعات باستان¬شناسی دوره ساسانی اهمیت فراوانی دارند. در کاوش¬های باستان شناسی این محوط ¬ها النگوهای شیشه ای متنوعی بدست آمده که قدمت آن به دوره ساسانی باز¬می¬گردد. این پژوهش بر اساس مطالعات میدانی، کتابخانه ¬¬ای و آنالیز¬های آزمایشگاهی انجام شده است و با مقایسه تطبیقی بین النگوهای این دو محوطه با النگوهای شیشه ¬ای سیراف، سعی شده است تا احتمال تجارت این اشیاء از طریق راه¬های تجاری بین مناطق جنوب و غرب ایران بررسی شود. بدین ترتیب بیست نمونه النگوهای شیشه ای گونه شناسی شدند و از بین آنها دوازده نمونه برای آنالیز عنصری انتخاب شدند. سوالات پژوهش عبارتند از النگوهای شیشه¬¬ای بدست آمده از گنبد جهانگیر و تپه گوریه از نظر ریخت شناسی و شیوه تزئینات به چند گروه تقسیم می¬شوند؟ با توجه به آثار مورد مطالعه از این محوطه ¬ها و مقایسه آنان با منطقه سیراف، می¬توان ادعا کرد که یک ارتباط فرا منطقه ¬ای بین این محوطه ¬های تاریخی وجود داشته است ؟ بر اساس آنالیز عنصری آیا ماده اولیه یکسانی در ساخت این النگوها استفاده شده است؟ نتایج نشان می¬دهد النگوهای شیشه¬ای این دو محوطه بر اساس شکل ظاهری به پنچ گروه مختلف تقسیم می-شوند که عبارتند از: النگوهای ساده با مقطع دایره ¬ای، النگوهای تابیده با مقطع نیم¬د¬ایره، النگوهای آجدار، النگوهای تابیده با مقطع دایره¬ای اسپیرال و النگوهای دارای تزئیتات هندسی تکرار شونده، مطالعات تطبیقی نشان می¬دهد که این نمونه ¬ها شبیه النگوهای شیشه ای بدست آمده از محوطه باستانی سیراف هستند. علاوه بر این¬، ترکیبات عنصری النگوهای شیشه ¬ای گنبد جهانگیر و تپه گوریه نشان می¬دهد این النگوها از نوع شیشه ¬های سیلیکا- سودا- آهک هستند که منبع تامین سودا در آنها خاکستر بدست آمده از گیاهان رشد یافته در خاک¬های شور بوده است.
European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering
This study is a report of the results of metallographic study of 5 bronze pieces found in Jeyrān ... more This study is a report of the results of metallographic study of 5 bronze pieces found in Jeyrān Tepe dating back to the Iron Age II. Jeyrān Tepe is located 250 m southwest of Ozbaki as one of its hills. The obtained metal pieces included bracelets, necklaces and hairpins, which were used for decoration. The objective of this article was to identify the process of bronze production and study the structure and composition of the components of metal pieces, Iron Age in Jeyrān Tepe, based on laboratory studies that have addressed questions in the field of elemental compositions and the method of bronze production in the study area. For this purpose, five bronze pieces were studied using vegetative electron microscope with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis, metallographic studies at 200 × magnification and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) to identify the chemical composition, metal production technique and type of alloy. The results of XSEM-EDS ...
Department of Archaeology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Iran Department of Arc... more Department of Archaeology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Iran Department of Archaeology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Iran Department of Archaeology, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Central Branch, Iran Department of Archaeology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Iran Department of Archaeology, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Central Branch, Iran Cultural Heritage, Handicraft and Tourism Organization of Alborz Province
This paper introduces the Sassanid glass found during excavations at the western Iranian sites of... more This paper introduces the Sassanid glass found during excavations at the western Iranian sites of Jahangir Dome and Goriye in Ilam province. In addition to architectural remains, different types of Sassanid pottery, glass, and metal vessels were found at these sites. Considering the importance of the glass industry in this period, the purpose of this paper is to study the typological styles and chemical compositions of the glass fragments excavated at Jahangir Dome and Goriye to identify the origin of the vitreous materials. Glass fragments from these sites are divided into four groups based on the form and typology and include: vessels fragments, cosmetic containers, bracelets, and beads. According to the elemental analysis, silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, and calcium oxide are the main chemical components in the studied samples, and analyzed glass materials are of a plant-ash silica-soda-lime glass type.
Chemical composition made by PIXE and XRF of silver coins which have been minted in the Ecbatana ... more Chemical composition made by PIXE and XRF of silver coins which have been minted in the Ecbatana mint houses in the Parthian period (247 BC224 AD) implies silver sources, which has been extracted for issuing coins. Also, it gives information about the economic and political conditions of the era under study. Fifteen Perthian and twenty two Sasanian (459 651 A.D.) silver coins were analyzed. The silver metal, which has been used in this Satrap, has been explored when commercial activity and population gone high, more silver has been extracted and access to the new sources was necessary by the Parthian. Here, we analytically show the number of mines for extraction of silver in this satrap and possible number of silver ore sources. POSSIBLE SOURCES FOR EXTRACTION OF SILVER BY COMPARISON OF PARTHIAN AND SASANIAN COINS IN MEDE SATRAPS B. Sodaeia*, M. Hajivalieib and F. Khademi Nadooshanc a Department of archaeology, Islamic Azad University,Varamin, Pishva Branch; I.R.Iran b Department of...
Coins are among the most precious material for the study of the economic, political and cultural ... more Coins are among the most precious material for the study of the economic, political and cultural structure of societies during the different historical periods. Numismatic studies are used as a complementary science for historical studies. So often that, applying the numismatic has been proofed by archaeologists, historians, history of art’s researchers and other related sciences. Although historical sources represent a vague image of Alexander, the plenty of Alexander’s issues give us significant information concerning Alexander and his period. Therefore, his coinage is considered first-hand sources in archaeological and historical researches. Many studies regarding Alexander’s coinage have been published abroad for more than a century. However, Alexander’s coinage studies have some deficiencies in Iran. According to this research, the mints of Alexander’s coinage, based on Alexander’s drachms at Falak-ol-Aflak Museum in Khorram Abad, will be introduced for the first time. 20 drach...
"Sources which were used for minting coins may help us recognize the mines that Parthians us... more "Sources which were used for minting coins may help us recognize the mines that Parthians used for mint houses that were marked on their coins. These signs may solve many politico-economic issues or may even lead to the recognition of their mines. The coins under study were related to Ecbatana mint house and were extracted from silver mines through cupellation. The chemical composition of these coins was similar to those extracted for minting coins. In addition to the re-melting of metals, the increased population and expansion of business made new sources for minting coins necessary. In this article, we try to recognize mines and workshops used for minting coins by examining chemical compositions of Parthian coins, and determine the least number of metal workshops for minting coins at the time of the rulers of that dynasty. "
In this paper the results of X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analyses for 18 obsidian t... more In this paper the results of X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analyses for 18 obsidian tools from the archaeo¬logical sites of Eastern Chia Sabz and Chogha Ahovan in western Iran are presented. The archaeological sites have materials dating from the Pre-pottery Neolithic and Chalcolithic to Uruk periods. The evidence supports our conclusion that most of the obsidian found on western Iranian sites came from sources located near Lake Van in southeastern Turkey. These results suggest that the trade route for obsidian originated in southeastern Anatolia and moved southward along the western slopes of the Zagros Mountains into the central Zagros region.
This paper introduces the Sassanid glass found during excavations at the western Iranian sites of... more This paper introduces the Sassanid glass found during excavations at the western Iranian sites of Jahangir Dome and Goriye in Ilam province. In addition to architectural remains, different types of Sassanid pottery, glass, and metal vessels were found at these sites. Considering the importance of the glass industry in this period, the purpose of this paper is to study the typological styles and chemical compositions of the glass fragments excavated at Jahangir Dome and Goriye to identify the origin of the vitreous materials. Glass fragments from these sites are divided into four groups based on the form and typology and include: vessels fragments, cosmetic containers, bracelets, and beads. According to the elemental analysis, silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, and calcium oxide are the main chemical components in the studied samples, and analyzed glass materials are of a plant-ash silica-soda-lime glass type.
The ethical policy of Persica Antiqua is based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guid... more The ethical policy of Persica Antiqua is based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines and complies with International Committee of Persica Antiqua Editorial Board codes of conduct. Readers, authors, reviewers and editors should follow these ethical policies once working with Persica Antiqua. The ethical policy of Persica Antiqua is liable to determine which of the typical research papers or articles submitted to the journal should be published in the concerned issue. For information on this matter in publishing and ethical guidelines please visit www.publicationethics.org.
The investigation into the elemental composition and microstructural characteristics of ancient c... more The investigation into the elemental composition and microstructural characteristics of ancient coins gives valuable information to researchers which greatly aid in the detection of counterfeits. This research aim is analysis encompasses an examination of major and trace elements present in the coins of Parthia, to identify forgery techniques utilizing the PIXE technique. The results show the elements Cl, Ca, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au, Pb, Sn, and Zn were identified and according to the ratio Ag/ Cu, can be said that the Parthia period occasionally used forged silver-plated coins. The elemental composition of silver coins of Orodes II and Phraates IV observes these coins are made with plating silver and affixed to the core utilizing a silver-copper eutectic layer, while the core itself consists of copper, and quantities of tin (Sn) were detected which may have been intentionally added for metallurgical, political, or historical reasons.
محوطه ¬های باستانی گنبد جهانگیر و تپه گوریه در استان ایلام به واسطه هم مرز بودن با عراق امروزی در... more محوطه ¬های باستانی گنبد جهانگیر و تپه گوریه در استان ایلام به واسطه هم مرز بودن با عراق امروزی در مطالعات باستان¬شناسی دوره ساسانی اهمیت فراوانی دارند. در کاوش¬های باستان شناسی این محوط ¬ها النگوهای شیشه ای متنوعی بدست آمده که قدمت آن به دوره ساسانی باز¬می¬گردد. این پژوهش بر اساس مطالعات میدانی، کتابخانه ¬¬ای و آنالیز¬های آزمایشگاهی انجام شده است و با مقایسه تطبیقی بین النگوهای این دو محوطه با النگوهای شیشه ¬ای سیراف، سعی شده است تا احتمال تجارت این اشیاء از طریق راه¬های تجاری بین مناطق جنوب و غرب ایران بررسی شود. بدین ترتیب بیست نمونه النگوهای شیشه ای گونه شناسی شدند و از بین آنها دوازده نمونه برای آنالیز عنصری انتخاب شدند. سوالات پژوهش عبارتند از النگوهای شیشه¬¬ای بدست آمده از گنبد جهانگیر و تپه گوریه از نظر ریخت شناسی و شیوه تزئینات به چند گروه تقسیم می¬شوند؟ با توجه به آثار مورد مطالعه از این محوطه ¬ها و مقایسه آنان با منطقه سیراف، می¬توان ادعا کرد که یک ارتباط فرا منطقه ¬ای بین این محوطه ¬های تاریخی وجود داشته است ؟ بر اساس آنالیز عنصری آیا ماده اولیه یکسانی در ساخت این النگوها استفاده شده است؟ نتایج نشان می¬دهد النگوهای شیشه¬ای این دو محوطه بر اساس شکل ظاهری به پنچ گروه مختلف تقسیم می-شوند که عبارتند از: النگوهای ساده با مقطع دایره ¬ای، النگوهای تابیده با مقطع نیم¬د¬ایره، النگوهای آجدار، النگوهای تابیده با مقطع دایره¬ای اسپیرال و النگوهای دارای تزئیتات هندسی تکرار شونده، مطالعات تطبیقی نشان می¬دهد که این نمونه ¬ها شبیه النگوهای شیشه ای بدست آمده از محوطه باستانی سیراف هستند. علاوه بر این¬، ترکیبات عنصری النگوهای شیشه ¬ای گنبد جهانگیر و تپه گوریه نشان می¬دهد این النگوها از نوع شیشه ¬های سیلیکا- سودا- آهک هستند که منبع تامین سودا در آنها خاکستر بدست آمده از گیاهان رشد یافته در خاک¬های شور بوده است.
European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering
This study is a report of the results of metallographic study of 5 bronze pieces found in Jeyrān ... more This study is a report of the results of metallographic study of 5 bronze pieces found in Jeyrān Tepe dating back to the Iron Age II. Jeyrān Tepe is located 250 m southwest of Ozbaki as one of its hills. The obtained metal pieces included bracelets, necklaces and hairpins, which were used for decoration. The objective of this article was to identify the process of bronze production and study the structure and composition of the components of metal pieces, Iron Age in Jeyrān Tepe, based on laboratory studies that have addressed questions in the field of elemental compositions and the method of bronze production in the study area. For this purpose, five bronze pieces were studied using vegetative electron microscope with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis, metallographic studies at 200 × magnification and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) to identify the chemical composition, metal production technique and type of alloy. The results of XSEM-EDS ...
Department of Archaeology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Iran Department of Arc... more Department of Archaeology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Iran Department of Archaeology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Iran Department of Archaeology, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Central Branch, Iran Department of Archaeology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Iran Department of Archaeology, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Central Branch, Iran Cultural Heritage, Handicraft and Tourism Organization of Alborz Province
This paper introduces the Sassanid glass found during excavations at the western Iranian sites of... more This paper introduces the Sassanid glass found during excavations at the western Iranian sites of Jahangir Dome and Goriye in Ilam province. In addition to architectural remains, different types of Sassanid pottery, glass, and metal vessels were found at these sites. Considering the importance of the glass industry in this period, the purpose of this paper is to study the typological styles and chemical compositions of the glass fragments excavated at Jahangir Dome and Goriye to identify the origin of the vitreous materials. Glass fragments from these sites are divided into four groups based on the form and typology and include: vessels fragments, cosmetic containers, bracelets, and beads. According to the elemental analysis, silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, and calcium oxide are the main chemical components in the studied samples, and analyzed glass materials are of a plant-ash silica-soda-lime glass type.
Chemical composition made by PIXE and XRF of silver coins which have been minted in the Ecbatana ... more Chemical composition made by PIXE and XRF of silver coins which have been minted in the Ecbatana mint houses in the Parthian period (247 BC224 AD) implies silver sources, which has been extracted for issuing coins. Also, it gives information about the economic and political conditions of the era under study. Fifteen Perthian and twenty two Sasanian (459 651 A.D.) silver coins were analyzed. The silver metal, which has been used in this Satrap, has been explored when commercial activity and population gone high, more silver has been extracted and access to the new sources was necessary by the Parthian. Here, we analytically show the number of mines for extraction of silver in this satrap and possible number of silver ore sources. POSSIBLE SOURCES FOR EXTRACTION OF SILVER BY COMPARISON OF PARTHIAN AND SASANIAN COINS IN MEDE SATRAPS B. Sodaeia*, M. Hajivalieib and F. Khademi Nadooshanc a Department of archaeology, Islamic Azad University,Varamin, Pishva Branch; I.R.Iran b Department of...
Coins are among the most precious material for the study of the economic, political and cultural ... more Coins are among the most precious material for the study of the economic, political and cultural structure of societies during the different historical periods. Numismatic studies are used as a complementary science for historical studies. So often that, applying the numismatic has been proofed by archaeologists, historians, history of art’s researchers and other related sciences. Although historical sources represent a vague image of Alexander, the plenty of Alexander’s issues give us significant information concerning Alexander and his period. Therefore, his coinage is considered first-hand sources in archaeological and historical researches. Many studies regarding Alexander’s coinage have been published abroad for more than a century. However, Alexander’s coinage studies have some deficiencies in Iran. According to this research, the mints of Alexander’s coinage, based on Alexander’s drachms at Falak-ol-Aflak Museum in Khorram Abad, will be introduced for the first time. 20 drach...
"Sources which were used for minting coins may help us recognize the mines that Parthians us... more "Sources which were used for minting coins may help us recognize the mines that Parthians used for mint houses that were marked on their coins. These signs may solve many politico-economic issues or may even lead to the recognition of their mines. The coins under study were related to Ecbatana mint house and were extracted from silver mines through cupellation. The chemical composition of these coins was similar to those extracted for minting coins. In addition to the re-melting of metals, the increased population and expansion of business made new sources for minting coins necessary. In this article, we try to recognize mines and workshops used for minting coins by examining chemical compositions of Parthian coins, and determine the least number of metal workshops for minting coins at the time of the rulers of that dynasty. "
In this paper the results of X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analyses for 18 obsidian t... more In this paper the results of X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analyses for 18 obsidian tools from the archaeo¬logical sites of Eastern Chia Sabz and Chogha Ahovan in western Iran are presented. The archaeological sites have materials dating from the Pre-pottery Neolithic and Chalcolithic to Uruk periods. The evidence supports our conclusion that most of the obsidian found on western Iranian sites came from sources located near Lake Van in southeastern Turkey. These results suggest that the trade route for obsidian originated in southeastern Anatolia and moved southward along the western slopes of the Zagros Mountains into the central Zagros region.
This paper introduces the Sassanid glass found during excavations at the western Iranian sites of... more This paper introduces the Sassanid glass found during excavations at the western Iranian sites of Jahangir Dome and Goriye in Ilam province. In addition to architectural remains, different types of Sassanid pottery, glass, and metal vessels were found at these sites. Considering the importance of the glass industry in this period, the purpose of this paper is to study the typological styles and chemical compositions of the glass fragments excavated at Jahangir Dome and Goriye to identify the origin of the vitreous materials. Glass fragments from these sites are divided into four groups based on the form and typology and include: vessels fragments, cosmetic containers, bracelets, and beads. According to the elemental analysis, silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, and calcium oxide are the main chemical components in the studied samples, and analyzed glass materials are of a plant-ash silica-soda-lime glass type.
The ethical policy of Persica Antiqua is based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guid... more The ethical policy of Persica Antiqua is based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines and complies with International Committee of Persica Antiqua Editorial Board codes of conduct. Readers, authors, reviewers and editors should follow these ethical policies once working with Persica Antiqua. The ethical policy of Persica Antiqua is liable to determine which of the typical research papers or articles submitted to the journal should be published in the concerned issue. For information on this matter in publishing and ethical guidelines please visit www.publicationethics.org.
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