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WO2022011844A1 - 一种组合镗床及镗孔加工方法 - Google Patents

一种组合镗床及镗孔加工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022011844A1
WO2022011844A1 PCT/CN2020/119128 CN2020119128W WO2022011844A1 WO 2022011844 A1 WO2022011844 A1 WO 2022011844A1 CN 2020119128 W CN2020119128 W CN 2020119128W WO 2022011844 A1 WO2022011844 A1 WO 2022011844A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base
tool
boring
guide
processed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/119128
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林智敏
洪培英
丁革新
吴宝霖
Original Assignee
泉州市海恩德机电科技发展有限公司
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2022011844A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022011844A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B39/00—General-purpose boring or drilling machines or devices; Sets of boring and/or drilling machines
    • B23B39/28—Associations of only boring or drilling machines directed to a particular metal-working result
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B35/00—Methods for boring or drilling, or for working essentially requiring the use of boring or drilling machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/72—Auxiliary arrangements; Interconnections between auxiliary tables and movable machine elements
    • B23Q1/76—Steadies; Rests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2270/00—Details of turning, boring or drilling machines, processes or tools not otherwise provided for
    • B23B2270/08—Clamping mechanisms; Provisions for clamping

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of boring machines, in particular to a combined boring machine and a boring machining method.
  • the stone processing equipment often includes a base for installing guide posts.
  • the base is provided with four guide holes 200 whose axes are parallel to each other.
  • Each guide hole 200 includes a first guide section 210 and a second guide section 220. and a non-guide segment 230 located in the middle of the first guide segment 210 and the second guide segment 220 and not in contact with the guide post. Since a plurality of guide posts need to slide in the guide holes 200 at the same time, the parallelism between the guide holes 200 and the coaxiality of the first guide section 210 and the second guide section 220 are required to be high.
  • the boring machine processes one guide hole 200 at a time, and after the boring machine processes the first guide hole 200 , the base 100 to be machined needs to be turned by 180 degrees to process the second guide section 220 . This makes it difficult to ensure the coaxiality of the first guide segment 210 and the second guide segment 220 and the parallelism between the guide holes 200 .
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a combined boring machine and a boring machining method, which have the characteristics of improving the accuracy of the boring machining performed by the base.
  • the solution of the present invention is:
  • a combined boring machine which comprises a base, at least two cutter bars and a clamping and positioning device, at least two of the cutter bars are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and can rotate and move axially along the cutter bars at the same time;
  • a clamping and positioning device for installing and fixing the base to be processed;
  • a first boring tool and a second boring tool are detachably and fixedly installed on each of the tool bars;
  • a first installation space for installing the first boring tool, and a second installation space for installing the second boring tool is provided outside the second guide section of the base to be processed.
  • a first guide frame and a second guide frame respectively arranged on both ends of the guide hole are fixedly arranged on the base, and the clamping and positioning device is arranged on the base between the first guide frame and the second guide frame ;
  • the first guide frame is provided with a first support hole corresponding to the cutter bar one-to-one
  • the second guide frame is provided with a second support hole corresponding to the cutter bar one-to-one;
  • the tool bar can rotate and slide in the first support hole and the second support hole along the axial direction; the first installation space is arranged between the first guide frame and the base to be processed, so The second installation space is provided between the second guide frame and the base to be processed.
  • each of the first support hole and the second support hole is provided with a lubricating bushing.
  • the number of the cutter bars is four.
  • the base is provided with a spindle box for installing the tool bar, and the spindle box can drive the tool bar to rotate and move axially along the tool bar.
  • the tool bar is rotatably connected to the spindle box; the spindle box is slidably arranged on the base along the axis direction of the tool bar.
  • the spindle box is provided with a first drive assembly corresponding to the tool bar one-to-one, the first drive assembly includes a first drive motor and a reducer, the first drive motor and the reducer are The input end is connected, and the output end of the reducer is connected with the cutter bar.
  • a sliding seat is installed at the bottom of the spindle box, a sliding rail is arranged on the base, the spindle box is slidably connected to the sliding rail through the sliding seat, and a sliding seat is arranged between the spindle box and the base.
  • the second driving assembly includes a lead screw rotatably connected to the base and a moving nut fixedly arranged on the spindle box and connected with the lead screw.
  • each of the tool bars is provided with a first mounting hole for mounting the first boring tool and a second mounting hole for mounting the second boring tool.
  • the clamping and positioning device includes a reference base and a clamping mechanism; the reference base is fixedly arranged on the base, and the clamping mechanism is connected to the reference base; the base to be processed is placed on the base the upper surface of the reference base, and the clamping mechanism is clamped on the base to be processed from top to bottom.
  • the clamping mechanism includes a fixed support base, a pressing plate, a pressing bolt and an adjusting nut, the fixed support base is connected to the reference base, and the two ends of the pressure plate are respectively arranged on the fixed support base and the fixed support base. on the base to be processed; the middle of the pressing plate is provided with a pressing bolt, the lower end of the pressing bolt is connected with the reference base, and the adjusting nut is threaded on the pressing bolt and abuts against the the upper surface of the platen.
  • clamping and positioning device further comprises a first adjusting abutting mechanism and a second adjusting abutting mechanism
  • the first adjusting abutting mechanism includes a first abutting seat and a first abutting mechanism; the first abutting seat is arranged on the reference seat; the first abutting mechanism and the first abutting mechanism The seats are respectively abutted on the two side end surfaces of the base to be processed in the axial direction of the guide hole;
  • the second adjusting abutting mechanism includes a second abutting seat and a second abutting mechanism arranged on the reference seat; the second abutting mechanism and the second abutting seat are respectively abutted on the to-be-processed
  • the base is perpendicular to the two side end faces of the guide hole axis direction.
  • an abutment rod is installed on the second abutment seat, and a head of the abutment rod abutting against the base to be processed is a spherical crown.
  • first abutting mechanism and the second abutting mechanism each include a fixed mounting seat, an adjusting screw, an abutting head and an adjusting handwheel; the adjusting screw is threadedly connected to the fixed mounting seat, and the head of the adjusting screw A ball head is provided, and a ball socket connected with the ball head is arranged on the abutting head; an adjusting handwheel is provided at the tail of the adjusting screw; the axes of the adjusting screws of the first pressing mechanism and the second pressing mechanism are horizontal set and perpendicular to each other.
  • the reference base includes a first base and a second base that are arranged on the base along the axis direction of the guide hole of the base to be processed, and the upper surface of the first base is lower than the second base the upper surface of the first base; the second abutting seat and the second abutting mechanism are mounted on the upper surface of the first base.
  • the fixed mounting seat of the first pressing mechanism is fixedly arranged on the second guide frame.
  • a boring machining method comprising the following steps:
  • the tool holder removes the base to be machined from the guide hole of the base to be machined.
  • a first guide frame and a second guide frame are provided at both ends of the guide hole of the base to be processed;
  • the second guide frame is provided with a second support hole corresponding to the cutter bar one-to-one; each of the cutter bars can rotate and slide in the first support hole and the second support hole along the axial direction; machining Before the first guide section, the first boring tool is installed on the shank in the first installation space, and the first boring tool is removed in the first installation space after the boring is processed; the second guide section is processed Before machining the second guide section, the second boring tool is installed on the shank in the second installation space, and the second boring tool is removed in the second installation space after the boring is processed.
  • the present invention relates to a combined boring machine and boring processing method, which at least have the following beneficial effects:
  • the base to be processed is fixed on the base through the clamping and positioning device, and the first boring tool is installed on the tool bar, and the tool bar rotates to perform the boring action to process the first guide hole; after the first guide hole is processed, the tool bar Drive the first boring tool to withdraw, and remove the first boring tool.
  • a second boring tool is installed on the tool bar outside the second guide hole, and the tool bar rotates to perform the boring action to process the second guide hole; after the second guide hole is processed, the tool bar drives the second boring tool Exit, remove the second boring tool;
  • each of the tool bars is simultaneously rotated and slidably connected in the first support hole and the second support hole during boring machining, reducing the number of tool bars The deformation during boring machining is beneficial to improve the machining accuracy.
  • the present invention performs boring machining on the first guide segment and the second guide segment from both ends of the guide hole by arranging the first boring tool and the second boring tool, without rotating the base to be processed, ensuring The parallelism between the guide holes and the coaxiality of the first guide segment and the second guide segment in the same guide hole.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a guide hole of a base to be processed.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of another angle of the present invention.
  • 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams of the three-dimensional structure of the headstock and the tool holder.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 6 .
  • FIG 8 and 9 are three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the base mounted on the base.
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at B in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the pressing mechanism.
  • FIG. 12 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at C in FIG. 11 .
  • base 1 slide rail 11; cutter bar 2; first mounting hole 21; second mounting hole 22; clamping and positioning device 3; reference base 31; first base 311; second base 312; clamping mechanism 32; Fixing support seat 321; pressing plate 322; pressing bolt 323; adjusting nut 324; first abutting seat 33; second abutting seat 34; abutting rod 341; handwheel 354;
  • a combination boring machine comprising a base 1, at least two cutter bars 2 and a clamping and positioning device 3, at least two of the cutter bars 2 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and can be autorotate and move axially along the cutter bar 2 at the same time;
  • the base 1 is provided with a clamping and positioning device 3 for installing and fixing the base 100 to be processed;
  • each of the cutter bars 2 is detachably and fixedly installed with a first boring A knife (not shown in the figure) and a second boring tool (not shown in the figure);
  • the outer side of the first guide section 210 of the base 100 to be processed is provided with a first installation space 43 for installing the first boring tool,
  • a second installation space 44 for installing a second boring tool is provided outside the second guide section 220 of the base 100 to be processed.
  • the present invention relates to a combined boring machine and boring processing method
  • the base 100 to be processed is fixed on the base 1 by the clamping and positioning device 3, the first boring tool is installed on the tool bar 2, and the tool bar 2 rotates The boring action is performed to process the first guide hole 200; after the first guide hole 200 is processed, the tool bar 2 drives the first boring tool to withdraw, and the first boring tool is removed.
  • a second boring tool is installed on the tool bar 2 outside the second guide hole 200, and the tool bar 2 rotates to perform the boring action to process the second guide hole 200; after the second guide hole 200 is processed, the tool The rod 2 drives the second boring tool to withdraw, and the second boring tool is removed.
  • the at least two cutter bars 2 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and move synchronously along the direction of the cutter bars 2, the parallelism between the machined guide holes 200 is ensured;
  • the segment 220 is processed by the same tool arbor 2 , and the base 100 to be processed does not need to be rotated, which ensures the coaxiality of the first guide segment 210 and the second guide segment 220 .
  • the base 1 is fixedly provided with a first guide frame 41 and a second guide frame 42 respectively disposed at both ends of the guide hole 200 , and the clamping and positioning device 3 is disposed on the first guide frame 41 and the second guide frame 42 .
  • the first guide frame 41 is provided with a first support hole 411 corresponding to the knife bar 2 one-to-one
  • the second guide frame 42 is provided with a first support hole 411 corresponding to the knife bar 2
  • the rods 2 have a one-to-one correspondence with the second support holes 421 ; each of the tool rods 2 can rotate and slide in the first support hole 411 and the second support hole 421 in the axial direction; the first installation space 43
  • the second installation space 44 is arranged between the second guide frame 42 and the base 100 to be processed.
  • each of the tool bars 2 is connected in the first support hole 411 and the second support hole 421 while rotating and sliding during the boring process, reducing the The deformation of the tool bar 2 during boring machining is reduced, which is beneficial to improve the machining accuracy.
  • each of the first support hole 411 and the second support hole 421 is provided with a lubricating bushing 412 .
  • the lubricating bushing 412 By arranging the lubricating bushing 412, the rotation and sliding wear of the cutter bar 2 are reduced.
  • the first guide frame 41 and the second guide frame 42 are provided with a filling port 413 for adding lubricating oil.
  • the number of the cutter bars 2 is four.
  • the guide holes 200 on the base 100 to be processed are four at four corners of the base 100 to be processed.
  • the tool bars 2 are adapted to be four parallel to each other and corresponding to the positions of the guide holes 200 on the base 100 to be processed.
  • the base 1 is provided with a spindle box 5 for installing the tool bar 2 , and the spindle box 5 can drive the tool bar 2 to rotate and move axially along the tool bar 2 .
  • the spindle box 5 is used to install the tool bar 2 and can drive the tool bar 2 to rotate.
  • the tool bar 2 is rotatably connected to the spindle box 5 ; the spindle box 5 is slidably arranged on the base 1 along the axis direction of the tool bar 2 . In this way, with the movement of the headstock 5, the tool bar 2 moves along the longitudinal direction.
  • the spindle housing 5 is provided with a first drive assembly 51 corresponding to the tool bar 2 one-to-one.
  • the first drive assembly 51 includes a first drive motor 511 and a reducer 512.
  • the first drive The motor 511 is connected to the input end of the reducer 512 , and the output end of the reducer 512 is connected to the cutter bar 2 .
  • the power of the first driving motor 511 is transmitted to the cutter bar 2 through the reducer 512, thereby driving the cutter bar 2 to rotate.
  • a set of first driving components 51 are disposed on each of the cutter bars 2 . Further, the output end of the reducer 513 is connected with the cutter bar 2 through the transmission belt 513 .
  • a sliding seat 53 is installed at the bottom of the spindle box 5 , a sliding rail 11 is provided on the base 1 , the spindle box 5 is slidably connected to the sliding rail 11 through the sliding seat 53 , and the main shaft
  • a second drive assembly 52 for driving the spindle box 5 to move along the slide rail 11 is disposed between the box 5 and the base 1 .
  • the second drive assembly 52 includes a lead screw 521 rotatably connected to the base 1 and a moving nut 522 fixed on the spindle housing 5 and connected with the lead screw 521 . With the rotation of the lead screw 521 , the moving nut 522 drives the spindle box 5 to move along the slide rail 11 .
  • each of the tool bars 2 is provided with a first mounting hole 21 for mounting the first boring tool and a second mounting hole 22 for mounting the second boring tool.
  • the first boring tool and the second boring tool are installed on the tool shank 2 through the first installation hole 21 and the second installation hole 22 , of course, the boring tool can also be installed in other installation ways.
  • the clamping and positioning device 3 includes a reference base 31 and a clamping mechanism 32; the reference base 31 is fixedly arranged on the base 1, and the clamping mechanism 32 is connected to the reference base 31;
  • the base 100 to be processed is placed on the upper surface of the reference base 31 , and the clamping mechanism 32 is clamped on the base to be processed 100 from top to bottom.
  • the positioning in the height direction is realized by the reference base 31 , and the clamping mechanism 32 clamps and fixes the base 100 to be processed.
  • the clamping mechanism 32 includes a fixed support base 321 , a pressing plate 322 , a pressing bolt 323 and an adjusting nut 324 , the fixed support base 321 is connected to the reference base 31 , and the two ends of the pressing plate 322 are respectively set on the fixed support base 321 and the base 100 to be processed; the middle of the pressing plate 322 is provided with a pressing bolt 323, the lower end of the pressing bolt 323 is connected with the reference base 31, and the adjusting nut 324 is screwed on the pressing bolt 323 and abuts against the upper surface of the pressing plate 322 .
  • the adjusting nut 324 is screwed on the pressing bolt 323 and abuts against the upper surface of the pressing plate 322 .
  • the clamping and positioning device 3 further comprises a first adjusting abutting mechanism and a second adjusting abutting mechanism; the horizontal direction of the base 100 to be processed is realized by the first adjusting abutting mechanism and the second adjusting abutting mechanism positioning and fixing.
  • the first adjusting abutting mechanism includes a first abutting seat 33 and a first abutting mechanism; the first abutting seat 33 is provided on the reference seat 31 ; the first abutting mechanism and the first abutting mechanism An abutting seat 33 abuts against two side end surfaces of the base to be processed 100 in the axial direction of the guide hole 200 respectively;
  • the second adjusting abutting mechanism includes a second abutting seat 34 and a second abutting mechanism disposed on the reference seat 31; the second abutting mechanism and the second abutting seat 34 are respectively abutted on the
  • the two side end surfaces of the base 100 to be processed are perpendicular to the axial direction of the guide hole 200 .
  • an abutment rod 341 is installed on the second abutment seat 34 , and the head of the abutment rod 341 abutting against the base 100 to be processed is a spherical crown.
  • the first abutment seat 33 has an abutment surface that abuts against the base 100 to be processed, and the second abutment seat 34 abuts against the base to be processed 100 through a spherical head, which can better achieve The determination of the position of the base 100 to be processed in the horizontal direction.
  • both the first pressing mechanism and the second pressing mechanism include a fixed mounting seat 351, an adjusting screw 352, an abutting head 353 and an adjusting hand wheel 354; the adjusting screw 352 is threadedly connected to the fixed mounting seat 351, The head of the adjusting screw 352 is provided with a ball head, and the abutting head 353 is provided with a ball socket connected with the ball; the tail of the adjusting screw 352 is provided with an adjusting hand wheel 354; the first abutting mechanism and the The axes of the adjusting screw 352 of the second abutting mechanism are arranged horizontally and perpendicular to each other.
  • the screw By rotating the adjusting hand wheel 354, the screw is driven to rotate, so that the abutting head 353 abuts on the base 100 to be processed, because the abutting head 353 and the screw head can pass through the ball head and the The ball socket can be adjusted, and the abutting head 353 can adapt to the surface of the base 100 to be processed for abutting and fixing.
  • the fixed mounting seat 351 of the first pressing mechanism is fixedly arranged on the second guide frame 42 .
  • the reference base 31 includes a first base 311 and a second base 312 arranged on the base 1 along the axis direction of the guide hole 200 of the base 100 to be processed.
  • the upper surface of the first base 311 lower than the upper surface of the second base 312 ; the second abutting seat 34 and the second abutting mechanism are mounted on the upper surface of the first base 311 .
  • the first abutting seat 33 is disposed on the upper surface of the first base 311 .
  • the second abutting seat 34 and a second abutting mechanism are also disposed on the upper surface of the first base 311 .
  • the present invention also provides a boring machining method, comprising the following steps:
  • the tool bar 2 removes the base 100 to be processed from the guide hole 200 of the base 100 to be processed.
  • the first boring tool and the second boring tool which are detachably fixed on the tool bar 2, respectively perform boring processing on the first guide section 210 and the second guide section 220, without moving the base 100 to be processed, ensuring that The parallelism between the guide holes 200 and the coaxiality of the first guide segment 210 and the second guide segment 220 in the same guide hole 200 are determined.
  • both ends of the guide hole 200 of the base 100 to be processed are provided with a first guide frame 41 and a second guide frame 42 ;
  • the first support hole 411, the second guide frame 42 is provided with a second support hole 421 corresponding to the cutter bar 2 one-to-one; each of the cutter bars 2 can rotate and slide along the axial direction on the Inside the first support hole 411 and the second support hole 421; before machining the first guide section 210, install the first boring tool on the tool shank 2 in the first installation space 43, The installation space 43 removes the first boring tool; before processing the second guide section 220, before processing the second guide section 220, install the second boring tool on the tool bar 2 in the second installation space 44 , the second boring tool is removed from the second installation space 44 after the boring process.
  • the first support hole 411 and the second support hole 421 reduce the deformation of the tool bar 2 during boring machining, which is beneficial to improve machining accuracy.
  • the present invention performs boring processing on the first guide segment 210 and the second guide segment 220 from both ends of the guide hole 200 by setting the first boring tool and the second boring tool, without rotating the base to be processed. 100, the parallelism between the guide holes 200 and the coaxiality of the first guide segment 210 and the second guide segment 220 in the same guide hole 200 are ensured.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)

Abstract

一种组合镗床及镗孔加工方法，包括底座（1）、至少两个刀杆（2）和夹紧定位装置（3），至少两个所述刀杆平行间隔设置并可自转和同时沿着刀杆轴向运动；所述底座上设置有用于安装固定待加工基座（100）的夹紧定位装置；每一所述刀杆上可拆卸固定安装有第一镗刀和第二镗刀；所述待加工基座的第一导向段（210）外侧设有用于安装第一镗刀的第一安装空间（43），所述待加工基座的第二导向段（220）外侧设有用于安装第二镗刀的第二安装空间（44）。通过设置第一镗刀和第二镗刀分别从导向孔（200）两端对第一导向段和第二导向段进行镗孔加工，无需转动待加工基座，保证了导向孔之间的平行度和同一导向孔内的第一导向段和第二导向段的同轴度。

Description

一种组合镗床及镗孔加工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及镗床领域，具体涉及的是一种组合镗床及镗孔加工方法。
背景技术
石材加工设备中常包括有用于安装导柱的基座，所述基座上设置有四个轴线相互平行的导向孔200，每一导向孔200内包括有第一导向段210、第二导向段220和位于第一导向段210和第二导向段220中间的与导柱不接触的非导向段230。由于多条导柱要同时在所述导向孔200内滑动，对导向孔200之间的平行度以及所述第一导向段210和第二导向段220的同轴度要求较高。
传统的加工工艺是镗床每次加工一个导向孔200，而且第一导向孔200镗床加工后需要将待加工基座100调转180度以加工第二导向段220。这就难以保证第一导向段210和第二导向段220的同轴度以及导向孔200之间的平行度。
有鉴于此，本申请人针对现有技术中的上述缺陷深入研究，遂有本案产生。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种组合镗床及镗孔加工方法，其具有提高基座进行镗孔加工的精度的特点。
为了达成上述目的，本发明的解决方案是：
一种组合镗床，其中，包括底座、至少两个刀杆和夹紧定位装置，至少两个所述刀杆平行间隔设置并可自转和同时沿着刀杆轴向运动；所述底座上设置有用于安装固定待加工基座的夹紧定位装置；每一所述刀杆上可拆卸固定安装有第一镗刀和第二镗刀；所述待加工基座的第一导向段外侧设有用于安装第一镗刀的第一安装空间，所述待加工基座的第二导向段外侧设有用于安装第二镗刀的第二安装空间。
进一步，所述底座上固定设置有分别设置在导向孔两端的第一导向架和第二导向架，所述夹紧定位装置设置在所述第一导向架和第二导向架之间的底座上；所述第一导向架上设置有与所述刀杆一一对应的第一支撑孔，所述第二导向架上设置有与所述刀杆一一对应的第二支撑孔；每一所述刀杆能够转动和沿着轴向滑动在所述第一支撑孔和第二支撑孔内；所述第一安装空间设置在所述第一导向架与所述待加工基座之间，所述第二安装空间设置在所述第二导向架与所述待加工基座之间。
进一步，每一所述第一支撑孔和第二支撑孔内均设置有润滑轴套。
进一步，所述刀杆的数量的四个。
进一步，所述底座上设置有用于安装所述刀杆的主轴箱，所述主轴箱能够带动所述刀杆自转和沿着刀杆轴向运动。
进一步，所述刀杆转动连接在所述主轴箱上；所述主轴箱沿着所述刀杆的轴线方向滑动设置在所述底座上。
进一步，所述主轴箱上设置有与所述刀杆一一对应的第一驱动组件，所述第一驱动组件包括第一驱动电机和减速机，所述第一驱动电机与所述减速机的输入端连接，所述减速机的输出端与所述刀杆连接。
进一步，所述主轴箱底部安装有滑座，所述底座上设置有滑轨，所述主轴箱通过所述滑座滑动连接在所述滑轨上，所述主轴箱与所述底座之间设置有驱动所述主轴箱沿着滑轨移动的第二驱动组件。
进一步，所述第二驱动组件包括转动连接在所述底座上的丝杆和固定设置在所述主轴箱上并与所述丝杆连接的移动螺母。
进一步，每一所述刀杆上设置有用于安装第一镗刀的第一安装孔和用于安装第二镗刀的第二安装孔。
进一步，所述夹紧定位装置包括基准座和夹紧机构；所述基准座固定设置在所述底座上，所述夹紧机构连接在所述基准座上；所述待加工基座放置在所述基准座上表面，所述夹紧机构自上而下夹紧在所述待加工基座上。
进一步，所述夹紧机构包括固定支撑座、压板和压紧螺栓和调节螺母，所述固定支撑座连接在所述基准座上，所述压板的两端分别设置在所述固定支撑座和所述待加工基座上；所述压板中部穿设有压紧螺栓，所述压紧螺栓下端与所述基准座连接，所述调节螺母螺纹连接在所述压紧螺栓上并抵顶在所述压板的上表面。
进一步，所述夹紧定位装置还包括第一调节抵顶机构和第二调节抵顶机构；
所述第一调节抵顶机构包括第一抵顶座和第一抵紧机构；所述第一抵顶座设置在所述基准座上；所述第一抵紧机构和所述第一抵顶座分别抵顶在所述待加工基座在导向孔轴线方向的两个侧端面上；
所述第二调节抵顶机构包括设置在基准座上的第二抵顶座和第二抵紧机构；所述第二抵紧机构和所述第二抵顶座分别抵顶在所述待加工基座垂直于导向孔轴线方向的两个侧端面上。
进一步，所述第二抵顶座上安装有抵顶杆，所述抵顶杆与待加工基座抵顶的头部为球冠状。
进一步，第一抵紧机构和第二抵紧机构均包括固定安装座、调节螺杆、抵顶头和调节手轮；所述调节螺杆螺纹连接在所述固定安装座上，所述调节螺杆的头部设置有球头，所述抵顶头上设置有与球头连接的球窝；所述调节螺杆尾部设置有调节手轮；所述第一抵紧机构和第二抵紧机构的调节螺杆的轴线水平设置并相互垂直。
进一步，所述基准座包括沿着待加工基座的导向孔轴线方向设置在底座上的第一基座和第二基座，所述第一基座的上表面低于所述第二基座的上表面；所述第二抵顶座和第二抵紧机构安装在所述第一基座的上表面。
进一步，所述第一抵紧机构的固定安装座固定设置在所述第二导向架上。
一种镗孔加工方法，其中，包括以下步骤：
①将待加工基座夹紧定位，平行设置的至少两个刀杆同时穿过对应的待加工基座的导向孔；
②在靠近第一导向段的所述刀杆上安装第一镗刀，刀杆转动对导向孔的第一导向段进行镗孔加工；加工完毕后刀杆反方向退出，拆下第一镗刀；
③在靠近第二导向段的所述刀杆上安装第二镗刀，刀杆转动对导向孔的第二导向段进行镗孔加工；加工完毕后刀杆反方向退出，拆下第二镗刀；
④刀杆从待加工基座的导向孔，取下待加工基座。
进一步，所述待加工基座的导向孔两端设置有第一导向架和第二导向架；所述第一导向架上设置有与所述刀杆一一对应的第一支撑孔，所述第二导向架上设置有与所述刀杆一一对应的第二支撑孔；每一所述刀杆能够转动和沿着轴向滑动在所述第一支撑孔和第二支撑孔内；加工第一导向段前，在第一安装空间将所述第一镗刀安装在所述刀杆上，镗孔加工后在第一安装空间将所述第一镗刀取下；加工第二导向段前，加工第二导向段前，在第二安装空间将所述第二镗刀安装在所述刀杆上，镗孔加工后在第二安装空间将所述第二镗刀取下。
采用上述结构后，本发明涉及的一种组合镗床及镗孔加工方法，其至少具有以下有益效果：
一、待加工基座通过夹紧定位装置固定在所述底座上，在刀杆上安装第一镗刀，刀杆转动进行镗孔动作加工第一导向孔；第一导向孔加工完毕后刀杆带动第一镗刀退出，拆下第一镗刀。加工第二导向孔时，在第二导向孔外侧的刀杆上安装第二镗刀，刀杆转动进行镗孔动作加工第二导向孔；第二导向孔加工完毕后刀杆带动第二镗刀退出，拆下第二镗刀；
由于至少两个刀杆平行间隔设置并同步沿着刀杆方向移动，保证了所加工的导向孔的之间的平行度；同一导向孔内的第一导向段和第二导向段由同一刀杆加工而成，并且不需要转动待加工基座，保证了第一导向段与第二导向段的同轴度。
二、通过设置所述第一导向架和第二导向架，每一所述刀杆在镗孔加工时同时转动和滑动连接在所述第一支撑孔和第二支撑孔内，减少了刀杆镗孔加工时的变形，有利于提高加工的精度。
与现有技术相比，本发明通过设置第一镗刀和第二镗刀分别从导向孔两端对第一导向段和第二导向段进行镗孔加工，无需转动待加工基座，保证了导向孔之间的平行度和同一导向孔内的第一导向段和第二导向段的同轴度。
附图说明
图1为待加工基座的导向孔的剖面结构示意图。
图2为本发明的正视结构示意图。
图3为本发明的立体结构示意图。
图4为本发明另一角度的立体结构示意图。
图5和图6为主轴箱和刀杆的立体结构示意图。
图7为图6中A处的放大结构示意图。
图8和图9为基座安装在底座上的立体结构示意图。
图10为图9中B处的放大结构示意图。
图11为抵紧机构处的剖面结构示意图。
图12为图11中C处的放大结构示意图。
图中：
待加工基座100；导向孔200；第一导向段210；第二导向段220；非导向段230；
底座1；滑轨11；刀杆2；第一安装孔21；第二安装孔22；夹紧定位装置3；基准座31；第一基座311；第二基座312；夹紧机构32；固定支撑座321；压板322；压紧螺栓323；调节螺母324；第一抵顶座33；第二抵顶座34；抵顶杆341；固定安装座351；调节螺杆352；抵顶头353；调节手轮354；
第一导向架41；第一支撑孔411；第二导向架42；第二支撑孔421；润滑轴套412；加注口413；第一安装空间43；第二安装空间44；
主轴箱5；第一驱动组件51；第一驱动电机511；减速机512；传动带513；第二驱动组件52；丝杆521；移动螺母522；滑座53。
具体实施方式
为了进一步解释本发明的技术方案，下面通过具体实施例来对本发明进行详细阐述。
如图1至图5所示，其为本发明涉及的一种组合镗床，包括底座1、至少两个刀杆2和夹紧定位装置3，至少两个所述刀杆2平行间隔设置并可自转和同时沿着刀杆2轴向运动；所述底座1上设置有用于安装固定待加工基座100的夹紧定位装置3；每一所述刀杆2上可拆卸固定安装有第一镗刀(图中未示出)和第二镗刀(图中未示出)；所述待加工基座100的第一导向段210外侧设有用于安装第一镗刀的第一安装空间43，所述待加工基座100的第二导向段220外侧设有用于安装第二镗刀的第二安装空间44。
这样，本发明涉及的一种组合镗床及镗孔加工方法，待加工基座100通过夹紧定位装置3固定在所述底座1上，在刀杆2上安装第一镗刀，刀杆2转动进行镗孔动作加工第一导向孔200；第一导向孔200加工完毕后刀杆2带动第一镗刀退出，拆下第一镗刀。加工第二导向孔200时，在第二导向孔200外侧的刀杆2上安装第二镗刀，刀杆2转动进行镗孔动作加工第二导向孔200；第二导向孔200加工完毕后刀杆2带动第二镗刀退出，拆下第二镗刀。
由于至少两个刀杆2平行间隔设置并同步沿着刀杆2方向移动，保证了所加工的导向孔200的之间的平行度；同一导向孔200内的第一导向段210和第二导向段220由同一刀杆2加工而成，并且不需要转动待加工基座100，保证了第一导向段210与第二导向段220的同轴度。
优选地，所述底座1上固定设置有分别设置在导向孔200两端的第一导向架41和第二导向架42，所述夹紧定位装置3设置在所述第一导向架41和第二导向架42之间的底座1上；所述第一导向架41上设置有与所述刀杆2一一对应的第一支撑孔411，所述第二导向架42上设置有与所述刀杆2一一对应的第二支撑孔421；每一所述刀杆2能够转动和沿着轴向滑动在所述第一支撑孔411和第二支撑孔421内；所述第一安装空间43设置在所述第一导向架41与所述待加工基座100之间，所述第二安装空间44设置在所述第二导向架42与所述待加工基座100之间。通过设置所述第一导向架41和第二导向架42，每一所述刀杆2在镗孔加工时同时转动和滑动连接在所述第一支撑孔411和第二支撑孔421内，减少了刀杆2镗孔加工时的变形，有利于提高加工的精度。
优选地，每一所述第一支撑孔411和第二支撑孔421内均设置有润滑轴套412。通过设置所述润滑轴套412减少了刀杆2转动和滑动的磨损。更进一步的，所述第一导向架41和第二导向架42上设置有用于添加润滑油的加注口413。
优选地，所述刀杆2的数量的四个。所述待加工基座100上的导向孔200为设置在待加工基座100四角位置的四个。所述刀杆2相适应的设置为相互平行并与待加工基座100上的导向孔200位置一一对应的四个。
优选地，所述底座1上设置有用于安装所述刀杆2的主轴箱5，所述主轴箱5能够带动所述刀杆2自转和沿着刀杆2轴向运动。所述主轴箱5用于安装所述刀杆2，并能够驱动所述刀杆2转动。
优选地，所述刀杆2转动连接在所述主轴箱5上；所述主轴箱5沿着所述刀杆2的轴线方向滑动设置在所述底座1上。这样随着主轴箱5的移动，刀杆2沿着长度方向进行移动。
优选地，所述主轴箱5上设置有与所述刀杆2一一对应的第一驱动组件51，所述第一驱动组件51包括第一驱动电机511和减速机512，所述第一驱动电机511与所述减速机512的输入端连接，所述减速机512的输出端与所述刀杆2连接。第一驱动电机511的动力通过减速机512传递给刀杆2，从而带动刀杆2转动。每一所述刀杆2上均设置有一组第一驱动组件51。更进一步的，所述减速机513的输出端通过传动带513与刀杆2连接。
优选地，所述主轴箱5底部安装有滑座53，所述底座1上设置有滑轨11，所述主轴箱5通过所述滑座53滑动连接在所述滑轨11上，所述主轴箱5与所述底座1之间设置有驱动所述主轴箱5沿着滑轨11移动的第二驱动组件52。优选地，所述第二驱动组件52包括转动连接在所述底座1上的丝杆521和固定设置在所述主轴箱5上并与所述丝杆521连接的移动螺母522。随着丝杆521的转动，所述移动螺母522驱动所述主轴箱5沿着滑轨11移动。
优选地，每一所述刀杆2上设置有用于安装第一镗刀的第一安装孔21和用于安装第二镗刀的第二安装孔22。所述第一镗刀和第二镗刀通过所述第一安装孔21和第二安装孔22安装在所述刀杆2上，当然也可以其他的安装方式进行安装镗刀。
优选地，所述夹紧定位装置3包括基准座31和夹紧机构32；所述基准座31固定设置在所述底座1上，所述夹紧机构32连接在所述基准座31上；所述待加工基座100放置在所述基准座31上表面，所述夹紧机构32自上而下夹紧在所述待加工基座100上。通过所述基准座31实现高度方向的定位，所述夹紧机构32对待加工基座100进行夹紧固定。
优选地，所述夹紧机构32包括固定支撑座321、压板322和压紧螺栓323和调节螺母324，所述固定支撑座321连接在所述基准座31上，所述压板322的两端分别设置在所述固定支撑座321和所述待加工基座100上；所述压板322中部穿设有压紧螺栓323，所述压紧螺栓323下端与所述基准座31连接，所述调节螺母324螺纹连接在所述压紧螺栓323上并抵顶在所述压板322的上表面。这样，随着所述调节螺母324的锁紧，由于压板322的一端抵顶在所述固定支撑座321上，所述压板322的另一端能够将所述待加工基座100压紧。
优选地，所述夹紧定位装置3还包括第一调节抵顶机构和第二调节抵顶机构；通过所述第一调节抵顶机构和第二调节抵紧机构实现待加工基座100水平方向的定位和固定。
所述第一调节抵顶机构包括第一抵顶座33和第一抵紧机构；所述第一抵顶座33设置在所述基准座31上；所述第一抵紧机构和所述第一抵顶座33分别抵顶在所述待加工基座100在导向孔200轴线方向的两个侧端面上；
所述第二调节抵顶机构包括设置在基准座31上的第二抵顶座34和第二抵紧机构；所述第二抵紧机构和所述第二抵顶座34分别抵顶在所述待加工基座100垂直于导向孔200轴线方向的两个侧端面上。
优选地，所述第二抵顶座34上安装有抵顶杆341，所述抵顶杆341与待加工基座100抵顶的头部为球冠状。所述第一抵顶座33具有与待加工基座100抵顶的抵顶面，所述第二抵顶座34通过球冠状的头部与待加工基座100抵顶，能够更好的实现待加工基座100在水平方向位置的确定。
优选地，第一抵紧机构和第二抵紧机构均包括固定安装座351、调节螺杆352、抵顶头353和调节手轮354；所述调节螺杆352螺纹连接在所述固定安装座351上，所述调节螺杆352的头部设置有球头，所述抵顶头353上设置有与球头连接的球窝；所述调节螺杆352尾部设置有调节手轮354；所述第一抵紧机构和第二抵紧机构的调节螺杆352的轴线水平设置并相互垂直。通过转动所述调节手轮354带动所述螺杆转动，进而使得所述抵顶头353抵顶在所述待加工基座100上，由于所述抵顶头353与所述螺杆头部能够通过球头和球窝进行调节，所述抵顶头353能够适应待加工基座100表面进行抵顶固定。更进一步的，所述第一抵紧机构的固定安装座351固定设置在所述第二导向架42上。
优选地，所述基准座31包括沿着待加工基座100的导向孔200轴线方向设置在底座1上的第一基座311和第二基座312，所述第一基座311的上表面低于所述第二基座312的上表面；所述第二抵顶座34和第二抵紧机构安装在所述第一基座311的上表面。所述第一抵顶座33设置在所述第一基座311的上表面。第二抵顶座34和第二抵紧机构也设置在所述第一基座311的上表面。
本发明还提供一种镗孔加工方法，包括以下步骤：
①将待加工基座100夹紧定位，平行设置的至少两个刀杆2同时穿过对应的待加工基座100的导向孔200；
②在靠近第一导向段210的所述刀杆2上安装第一镗刀，刀杆2转动对导向孔200的第一导向段210进行镗孔加工；加工完毕后刀杆2反方向退出，拆下第一镗刀；
③在靠近第二导向段220的所述刀杆2上安装第二镗刀，刀杆2转动对导向孔200的第二导向段220进行镗孔加工；加工完毕后刀杆2反方向退出，拆下第二镗刀；
④刀杆2从待加工基座100的导向孔200，取下待加工基座100。
所述通过可拆卸固定在所述刀杆2上的第一镗刀和第二镗刀分别对第一导向段210和第二导向段220进行镗孔加工，无需移动待加工基座100，保证了导向孔200之间的平行度和同一导向孔200内的第一导向段210和第二导向段220的同轴度。
优选地，所述待加工基座100的导向孔200两端设置有第一导向架41和第二导向架42；所述第一导向架41上设置有与所述刀杆2一一对应的第一支撑孔411，所述第二导向架42上设置有与所述刀杆2一一对应的第二支撑孔421；每一所述刀杆2能够转动和沿着轴向滑动在所述第一支撑孔411和第二支撑孔421内；加工第一导向段210前，在第一安装空间43将所述第一镗刀安装在所述刀杆2上，镗孔加工后在第一安装空间43将所述第一镗刀取下；加工第二导向段220前，加工第二导向段220前，在第二安装空间44将所述第二镗刀安装在所述刀杆2上，镗孔加工后在第二安装空间44将所述第二镗刀取下。所述第一支撑孔411和第二支撑孔421减少了刀杆2镗孔加工时的变形，有利于提高加工的精度。
与现有技术相比，本发明通过设置第一镗刀和第二镗刀分别从导向孔200两端对第一导向段210和第二导向段220进行镗孔加工，无需转动待加工基座100，保证了导向孔200之间的平行度和同一导向孔200内的第一导向段210和第二导向段220的同轴度。
上述实施例和图式并非限定本发明的产品形态和式样，任何所属技术领域的普通技术人员对其所做的适当变化或修饰，皆应视为不脱离本发明的专利范畴。

Claims (18)

1.一种组合镗床，其特征在于，包括底座、至少两个刀杆和夹紧定位装置，至少两个所述刀杆平行间隔设置并可自转和同时沿着刀杆轴向运动；所述底座上设置有用于安装固定待加工基座的夹紧定位装置；每一所述刀杆上可拆卸固定安装有第一镗刀和第二镗刀；所述待加工基座的第一导向段外侧设有用于安装第一镗刀的第一安装空间，所述待加工基座的第二导向段外侧设有用于安装第二镗刀的第二安装空间。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，所述底座上固定设置有分别设置在导向孔两端的第一导向架和第二导向架，所述夹紧定位装置设置在所述第一导向架和第二导向架之间的底座上；所述第一导向架上设置有与所述刀杆一一对应的第一支撑孔，所述第二导向架上设置有与所述刀杆一一对应的第二支撑孔；每一所述刀杆能够转动和沿着轴向滑动在所述第一支撑孔和第二支撑孔内；所述第一安装空间设置在所述第一导向架与所述待加工基座之间，所述第二安装空间设置在所述第二导向架与所述待加工基座之间。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，每一所述第一支撑孔和第二支撑孔内均设置有润滑轴套。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，所述刀杆的数量的四个。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，所述底座上设置有用于安装所述刀杆的主轴箱，所述主轴箱能够带动所述刀杆自转和沿着刀杆轴向运动。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，所述刀杆转动连接在所述主轴箱上；所述主轴箱沿着所述刀杆的轴线方向滑动设置在所述底座上。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，所述主轴箱上设置有与所述刀杆一一对应的第一驱动组件，所述第一驱动组件包括第一驱动电机和减速机，所述第一驱动电机与所述减速机的输入端连接，所述减速机的输出端与所述刀杆连接。
8.如权利要求6所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，所述主轴箱底部安装有滑座，所述底座上设置有滑轨，所述主轴箱通过所述滑座滑动连接在所述滑轨上，所述主轴箱与所述底座之间设置有驱动所述主轴箱沿着滑轨移动的第二驱动组件。
9.如权利要求8所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，所述第二驱动组件包括转动连接在所述底座上的丝杆和固定设置在所述主轴箱上并与所述丝杆连接的移动螺母。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，每一所述刀杆上设置有用于安装第一镗刀的第一安装孔和用于安装第二镗刀的第二安装孔。
11.如权利要求1所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，所述夹紧定位装置包括基准座和夹紧机构；所述基准座固定设置在所述底座上，所述夹紧机构连接在所述基准座上；所述待加工基座放置在所述基准座上表面，所述夹紧机构自上而下夹紧在所述待加工基座上。
12.如权利要求11所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，所述夹紧机构包括固定支撑座、压板和压紧螺栓和调节螺母，所述固定支撑座连接在所述基准座上，所述压板的两端分别设置在所述固定支撑座和所述待加工基座上；所述压板中部穿设有压紧螺栓，所述压紧螺栓下端与所述基准座连接，所述调节螺母螺纹连接在所述压紧螺栓上并抵顶在所述压板的上表面。
13.如权利要求11所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，所述夹紧定位装置还包括第一调节抵顶机构和第二调节抵顶机构；
所述第一调节抵顶机构包括第一抵顶座和第一抵紧机构；所述第一抵顶座设置在所述基准座上；所述第一抵紧机构和所述第一抵顶座分别抵顶在所述待加工基座在导向孔轴线方向的两个侧端面上；
所述第二调节抵顶机构包括设置在基准座上的第二抵顶座和第二抵紧机构；所述第二抵紧机构和所述第二抵顶座分别抵顶在所述待加工基座垂直于导向孔轴线方向的两个侧端面上。
14.如权利要求13所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，所述第二抵顶座上安装有抵顶杆，所述抵顶杆与待加工基座抵顶的头部为球冠状。
15.如权利要求13所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，第一抵紧机构和第二抵紧机构均包括固定安装座、调节螺杆、抵顶头和调节手轮；所述调节螺杆螺纹连接在所述固定安装座上，所述调节螺杆的头部设置有球头，所述抵顶头上设置有与球头连接的球窝；所述调节螺杆尾部设置有调节手轮；所述第一抵紧机构和第二抵紧机构的调节螺杆的轴线水平设置并相互垂直。
16.如权利要求13所述的一种组合镗床，其特征在于，所述基准座包括沿着待加工基座的导向孔轴线方向设置在底座上的第一基座和第二基座，所述第一基座的上表面低于所述第二基座的上表面；所述第二抵顶座和第二抵紧机构安装在所述第一基座的上表面。
17.一种镗孔加工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
①将待加工基座夹紧定位，平行设置的至少两个刀杆同时穿过对应的待加工基座的导向孔；
②在靠近第一导向段的所述刀杆上安装第一镗刀，刀杆转动对导向孔的第一导向段进行镗孔加工；加工完毕后刀杆反方向退出，拆下第一镗刀；
③在靠近第二导向段的所述刀杆上安装第二镗刀，刀杆转动对导向孔的第二导向段进行镗孔加工；加工完毕后刀杆反方向退出，拆下第二镗刀；
④刀杆从待加工基座的导向孔，取下待加工基座。
18.如权利要求17所述的一种镗孔加工方法，其特征在于，所述待加工基座的导向孔两端设置有第一导向架和第二导向架；所述第一导向架上设置有与所述刀杆一一对应的第一支撑孔，所述第二导向架上设置有与所述刀杆一一对应的第二支撑孔；每一所述刀杆能够转动和沿着轴向滑动在所述第一支撑孔和第二支撑孔内；加工第一导向段前，在第一安装空间将所述第一镗刀安装在所述刀杆上，镗孔加工后在第一安装空间将所述第一镗刀取下；加工第二导向段前，加工第二导向段前，在第二安装空间将所述第二镗刀安装在所述刀杆上，镗孔加工后在第二安装空间将所述第二镗刀取下。
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