WO2015146909A1 - 水溶性金属加工油および金属加工用クーラント - Google Patents
水溶性金属加工油および金属加工用クーラント Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015146909A1 WO2015146909A1 PCT/JP2015/058734 JP2015058734W WO2015146909A1 WO 2015146909 A1 WO2015146909 A1 WO 2015146909A1 JP 2015058734 W JP2015058734 W JP 2015058734W WO 2015146909 A1 WO2015146909 A1 WO 2015146909A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- mass
- oil
- soluble metalworking
- component
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/72—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/22—Carboxylic acids or their salts
- C10M105/24—Carboxylic acids or their salts having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
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- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/085—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing carboxyl groups; Derivatives thereof
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water-soluble metalworking oil and a metalworking coolant obtained by diluting it with water.
- Metalworking fluids used in metalworking are classified into oil-based (oil-based) and water-based (water-based), but water-based types that are excellent in cooling and infiltration properties and do not pose a fire hazard are frequently used.
- oil-based oil-based
- water-based water-based
- solution-based oil agent that does not contain mineral oil is frequently used (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- Solution oils have good cooling and rot resistance, but are inferior to non-water, emulsion, and solve systems in terms of lubricity. Insufficient lubricity causes deterioration of the machined surface roughness, reduction of the grinding wheel life, or grinding burn.
- polyalkylene glycol (PAG) is mix
- An object of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble metalworking oil that is excellent in lubricity and wear resistance even under severe processing conditions, and a metalworking coolant obtained by diluting it with water.
- the present inventors have found that in a system in which a dicarboxylic acid having a sulfide structure and a long-chain carboxylic acid are used in combination, it is more excellent in both lubricity and wear resistance when the PAG is removed.
- the present invention has been completed based on this finding. That is, the present invention provides the following water-soluble metalworking oil and metalworking coolant.
- a water-soluble metalworking oil comprising (A) a dicarboxylic acid containing a sulfide structure and (B) a monocarboxylic acid, and containing no polyalkylene glycol.
- a coolant for metal processing wherein the above-mentioned water-soluble metal processing oil is diluted with water to 2 to 200 times (volume).
- the water-soluble metalworking fluid (stock solution) of the present invention comprises (A) a dicarboxylic acid containing a sulfide structure, and (B) a monocarboxylic acid, and does not contain polyalkylene glycol.
- the water-soluble metalworking oil of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the present processing oil”) is a stock solution comprising (A) a dicarboxylic acid containing a sulfide structure and (B) a monocarboxylic acid. Does not contain alkylene glycol.
- the processing oil and the metal processing coolant obtained by diluting the processing oil with water will be described in detail.
- Component (A) component in this processing oil is dicarboxylic acid which has a sulfide structure, and provides lubricity.
- a dicarboxylic acid having a structure represented by the following formula (1) is particularly excellent from the viewpoint of lubricity.
- R 1 and R 2 are hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 8 inclusive. If the carbon number of R 1 or R 2 is 6 or more, the water solubility may decrease.
- the total carbon number in the dicarboxylic acid of the above formula (1) is 4 or more and 12 or less, but 6 or more and 10 or less is preferable from the viewpoint of water solubility and lubricity.
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably alkylene groups, and examples thereof include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a methylethylene group, a propylene group, and a butylene group.
- An ethylene group is particularly preferable from the viewpoints of water solubility and lubricity.
- n is 9 or more, the structure becomes unstable and may be decomposed. Therefore, n is preferably 6 or less, more preferably 2 or less, and even more preferably 1.
- dicarboxylic acids examples include thiodipropionic acid, dithiodipropionic acid, thiodiacetic acid, thiodisuccinic acid, dithiodiacetic acid, and dithiodibutyric acid.
- a compounding quantity of a component 0.1 mass% or more and 14 mass% or less are preferable on the basis of the stock solution whole quantity, 1 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less are more preferable, and 2 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less are more preferable.
- there are too many compounding quantities of (A) component there exists a possibility that the rust prevention property at the time of diluting a stock solution with water may fall.
- [(B) component] (B) component in this processing oil is monocarboxylic acid, and contributes to improvement of lubricity and abrasion resistance.
- a monocarboxylic acid a so-called long-chain carboxylic acid is preferable, and a compound represented by the following formula (2) is preferable.
- R 3 is a hydrocarbon group having 11 or more carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group may be linear or branched and may be saturated or unsaturated. From the viewpoints of lubricity and wear resistance, tall oil fatty acids are preferred.
- the long chain carboxylic acid examples include lauric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, erucic acid, palmitic acid, ricinoleic acid, hydroxy fatty acids (eg, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, etc. ), Arachidic acid, behenic acid, melissic acid, isostearic acid, soybean oil fatty acid extracted from oil and fat, coconut oil fatty acid, rapeseed oil fatty acid, tall oil fatty acid (C18) and the like.
- the blending amount of the component (B) is preferably 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less based on the total amount of processing oil from the viewpoint of lubricity and wear resistance at a normal dilution rate.
- This processing oil is obtained by blending the above components (A) and (B) with water to make a stock solution, but does not contain polyalkylene glycol (PAG). However, slight contamination that does not impair the effects of the present invention as impurities is recognized as an implementation of the present invention.
- the total amount of the processing oil (stock solution) based on the total amount of the processing oil is preferably 4% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass, including the component (A) and the component (B). % To 15% by mass.
- the stock solution stability means that the stock solution is not uniform due to phase separation, solid insolubility, precipitation, or the like.
- the proportion of water for preparing the stock solution is preferably 20% by mass or more and 75% by mass or less based on the total amount of processing oil.
- the processing oil (stock solution) may be used as it is, but is preferably diluted with water to a ratio (volume ratio) of 2 to 200 times, more preferably 5 to 100 times. Used as coolant for metal processing.
- a nonionic surfactant as the component (C) in the processing oil.
- a nonionic surfactant By blending such a surfactant, the wettability of the processing oil is improved and the processing oil can easily penetrate between the grindstone and the work material.
- an acetylene glycol surfactant is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of its effect.
- an acetylene glycol-based surfactant for example, acetylene glycol and its alkylene oxide adduct described in JP2011-12249A can be suitably used.
- an acetylene glycol EO adduct is suitable.
- component (C) is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the stock solution. (C) When there are too many compounding quantities of a component, the defoaming property at the time of dilution will deteriorate.
- the processing oil preferably further contains alkanolamine as component (D).
- This alkanolamine reacts with the above-mentioned component (A) or component (B) to become an alkanolamine carboxylate and further improve the lubricity.
- Alkanolamine also functions as a rust inhibitor.
- the alkanolamine is not particularly limited, and primary, secondary, and tertiary amines can be used in combination. However, if only a primary amine is used, the amine is highly volatile, and the working environment may be deteriorated in terms of odor. Therefore, when a primary amine is used, it is preferable to combine a secondary amine or a tertiary amine. A tertiary amine is preferred from the viewpoint of odor.
- the primary amine include, for example, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-amino-2-butanol, 2-amino-1-propanol, 3-amino- Examples include 2-butanol.
- 1-amino-2-propanol and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol are particularly preferable in terms of rust prevention against iron.
- the above-described components may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- secondary amines include, for example, diethanolamine, di (n-propanol) amine, diisopropanolamine, N-methylmonoethanolamine, N-ethylmonoethanolamine, N-cyclomonoethanolamine, Nn-propyl.
- examples thereof include monoethanolamine, Ni-propyl monoethanolamine, Nn-butyl monoethanolamine, Ni-butyl monoethanolamine, and Nt-butyl monoethanolamine.
- the above-described components may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- tertiary amine examples include N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, triethanolamine, N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine, Nn-propyldiethanolamine, Ni-propyldiethanolamine, Nn-butyldiethanolamine, N -I-butyldiethanolamine, Nt-butyldiethanolamine and the like.
- One kind of the above-described components may be used, or two or more kinds may be used.
- the blending amount of the component (D) is preferably 20% by mass or more and 55% by mass or less based on the total amount of processing oil (stock solution).
- the blending amount of the component (D) is less than 20% by mass, if the dilution ratio with water is too high when the processing oil is used in the field, the rust prevention property may be lowered.
- the blending amount of the component (D) exceeds 55% by mass, the stock solution stability is lowered.
- carboxylic acids examples include caproic acid, nonanoic acid, isononanoic acid, trimethylhexanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, and decanoic acid having 8 to 10 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of defoaming property and stability of hard water.
- monocarboxylic acids such as these
- dicarboxylic acids such as nonanedioic acid having 9 to 12 carbon atoms, undecanedioic acid, sebacic acid, and dodecanedioic acid.
- the above-described trimethylhexanoic acid is excellent in the effect (hard water stability) of reducing the formation of a solid on the liquid surface when the processing oil (stock solution) is diluted with water.
- an alkyl group which comprises the principal chain of carboxylic acid what has a branched structure is preferable at the point of decay resistance.
- dibasic acid is superior in rust prevention when used as a salt, but from the viewpoint of stability of the stock solution (hard to insolubilize), dibasic acid and monobasic acid are mixed. Are preferably used.
- extreme pressure agents can be suitably mix
- extreme pressure agents oily agents, bactericides (preservatives), metal deactivators, and antifoaming agents.
- the extreme pressure agent include a sulfur-based extreme pressure agent, a phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent, an extreme pressure agent containing sulfur and a metal, and an extreme pressure agent containing phosphorus and a metal.
- These extreme pressure agents can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Any extreme pressure agent may be used as long as it contains a sulfur atom or a phosphorus atom in the molecule and can exhibit load resistance and wear resistance.
- extreme pressure agents containing sulfur in the molecule include sulfurized fats and oils, sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized esters, sulfurized olefins, dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, thiadiazole compounds, alkylthiocarbamoyl compounds, triazine compounds, thioterpene compounds, dialkylthiodipropionate compounds, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the blending amount of these extreme pressure agents is blended in the stock solution so as to be about 0.05% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less on the basis of the final diluent (coolant) from the viewpoint of the blending effect.
- oily agent examples include aliphatic compounds such as aliphatic alcohols and fatty acid metal salts, and ester compounds such as polyol esters, sorbitan esters, and glycerides.
- the blending amount of these oil-based agents is blended in the stock solution so as to be about 0.2% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less based on the coolant from the viewpoint of the blending effect.
- bactericides examples include 2-pyridylthio-1-oxide salts. Specific examples include 2-pyridylthio-1-oxide sodium, bis (2-pyridyldithio-1-oxide) zinc, and bis (2-sulfidepyridine-1-olato) copper.
- the blending amount of these bactericides is blended in the stock solution so as to be about 0.01% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less based on the coolant from the viewpoint of blending effect.
- the metal deactivator examples include benzotriazole, benzotriazole derivatives, imidazoline, pyrimidine derivatives, and thiadiazole. One of these may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- the blending amount of the metal deactivator is blended in the stock solution so as to be about 0.01% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less based on the coolant from the viewpoint of blending effect.
- the antifoaming agent include methyl silicone oil, fluorosilicone oil, and polyacrylate. The blending amount of these antifoaming agents is blended in the stock solution so as to be about 0.004 mass% or more and 0.08 mass% or less on the basis of the blending effect.
- the water-soluble metalworking oil of the present invention is appropriately diluted with water so as to have an appropriate concentration according to the purpose of use, and includes grinding, cutting, polishing, drawing, drawing, rolling, etc. It can be suitably used in various metal processing fields.
- the grinding process includes cylindrical grinding, internal grinding, surface grinding, centerless grinding, tool grinding, honing, super-finishing, and special curved grinding (eg screw grinding, gear grinding, cam grinding). , Roll grinding).
- a composition defined as “a composition formed by blending component (A) and component (B)” is not limited to “a composition containing component (A) and component (B)”.
- a composition containing a modified product in which the component is modified in place of at least one of the component (A) and the component (B)” or “a reaction product obtained by reacting the component (A) with the component (B)” Also included are “compositions comprising products”.
- Example 1 demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited at all by these examples.
- Table 1 After preparing a water-soluble metalworking oil (stock solution) according to the formulation shown in Table 1, each stock solution was diluted 20 times (volume) with tap water to obtain each sample oil. Each sample oil was subjected to a block-on-ring test to evaluate lubricity and wear resistance. Test conditions and evaluation items (evaluation methods) are as follows. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Block-on-ring testing machine (manufactured by Maruhishi Engineering Co., Ltd.) Load: 100N Rotation speed: 500rpm (53m / min) Time: 10min Ring: SAE 4620STEEL Block: S45C
- the coolant obtained by diluting the stock solutions of Example 1 and Example 2 contains the components (A) and (B) of the present invention and does not contain PAG. Are better.
- the coolant obtained by diluting the stock solutions of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 lacks any of the above components (A) and (B) or contains PAG, so that it has lubricity and wear resistance. It is not possible to balance sex.
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Abstract
Description
特に、研削用途では油剤の冷却性が重要なため、鉱油を含まないソリューション系油剤が多用される(例えば特許文献1参照)。ソリューション系油剤は、冷却性、耐腐敗性は良好であるが、潤滑性に関しては不水系、エマルション系、ソルブル系に劣る。潤滑性の不足は、加工面粗度の悪化や砥石寿命の低下、または研削焼けの原因ともなる。
そこで、ソリューション系油剤に潤滑性を付与するため、油剤にポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)を配合することが行われている(特許文献2、3参照)。
すなわち、本発明は、以下のような水溶性金属加工油および金属加工用クーラントを提供するものである。
(A)スルフィド構造を含有するジカルボン酸、および(B)モノカルボン酸を配合してなり、ポリアルキレングリコールを含まないことを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油。
上述の水溶性金属加工油を、水で2倍以上200倍以下(容量)に希釈したことを特徴とする金属加工用クーラント。
本発明の水溶性金属加工油(以下、「本加工油」ともいう)は、(A)スルフィド構造を含有するジカルボン酸、および(B)モノカルボン酸を配合してなる原液であるが、ポリアルキレングリコールを含まない。以下、本加工油およびこれを水で希釈してなる金属加工用クーラントについて詳細に説明する。
本加工油における(A)成分は、スルフィド構造を有するジカルボン酸であり、潤滑性を付与するものである。(A)成分としては、特に下記式(1)で示される構造のジカルボン酸が、潤滑性の観点より優れている。
HOOC-R1-Sn-R2-COOH (1)
ここで、R1およびR2は炭素数1以上5以下の炭化水素基であり、nは1以上8以下の整数である。R1やR2の炭素数が6以上であると水溶性が低下するおそれがある。
また、nが9以上であると、構造が不安定となり分解するおそれがある。それ故、nは6以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは2以下であり、さらに好ましくは1である。
(A)成分の配合量としては、原液全量基準で0.1質量%以上14質量%以下が好ましく、1質量%以上10質量%以下がより好ましく、2質量%以上5質量%以下がさらに好ましい。(A)成分の配合量が多すぎると、原液を水で希釈した際の防錆性が低下するおそれがある。
本加工油における(B)成分は、モノカルボン酸であり、潤滑性および耐摩耗性の向上に寄与する。このようなモノカルボン酸としては、いわゆる長鎖カルボン酸が好ましく、下記式(2)で示される化合物が好ましい。
R3-COOH (2)
ここで、R3は炭素数が11以上の炭化水素基である。炭化水素基としては直鎖でも分岐を有していてもよく、飽和でも不飽和でもよい。潤滑性および耐摩耗性の観点からは、トール油脂肪酸が好ましい。
長鎖カルボン酸としては、具体的には、ラウリン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、エルカ酸、パルミチン酸、リシノレイン酸、ヒドロキシ脂肪酸(例えば、リシノール酸、12-ヒドロキシステアリン酸等)、アラキン酸、ベヘン酸、メリシン酸、イソステアリン酸、油脂より抽出された大豆油脂肪酸、ヤシ油脂肪酸、ナタネ油脂肪酸、およびトール油脂肪酸(C18)などが挙げられる。
(B)成分の配合量としては、通常の希釈率における潤滑性および耐摩耗性の観点より、加工油全量基準で1質量%以上20質量%以下であることが好ましい。
本加工油(原液)は、加工油全量基準で、(A)成分と(B)成分を合わせた配合量が4質量%以上40質量%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましい配合量は5質量%以上15質量%以下である。
(A)成分と(B)成分を合わせた配合量が4質量%未満であると、現場での本加工油使用時に水による希釈率が高すぎた場合、潤滑性の低下(摩擦係数の上昇)を招くおそれがある。一方、(A)成分と(B)成分を合わせた配合量が40質量%を超えると原液安定性が低下するおそれがある。ここで、原液安定性とは、相分離、固体の不溶解、析出等で原液の均一性がなくなることをいう。
なお、本加工油(原液)は、そのままの濃度で使用してもよいが、好ましくは水で2倍以上200倍以下、より好ましくは5倍以上100倍以下の比率(容量比)に希釈され金属加工用クーラントとして使用される。
本加工油には、(C)成分としてノニオン系界面活性剤をさらに配合することが好ましい。このような界面活性剤を配合することにより、本加工油の濡れ性が向上し砥石と被削材との間に本加工油が浸透しやすくなる。
(C)成分としては、その効果の観点よりアセチレングリコール系界面活性剤が特に好ましい。このようなアセチレングリコール系界面活性剤としては、例えば、特開2011-12249号公報に記載されているアセチレングリコールやそのアルキレンオキサイド付加物を好適に使用可能である。例えば、アセチレングリコールEO付加物が好適である。市販品としては、エアープロダクツアンドケミカルズ製のダイノール604、サーフィノール420、サーフィノール465などが挙げられる。
(C)成分の配合量としては、原液全量基準で0.1質量%以上20質量%以下であることが好ましく、1質量%以上10質量%以下であることがより好ましい。(C)成分の配合量が多すぎると希釈時の消泡性が悪化する。
アルカノールアミンとしては、特に制限はなく、一級、二級、および三級アミンを組み合わせて使用することができる。ただし、一級アミンのみを使用するとアミンの揮発性が高く、臭気性の点で作業環境を悪化するおそれがある。それ故、一級アミンを使用する際は、二級アミンや三級アミンを組み合わせることが好ましい。また、臭気性の観点より三級アミンが好ましい。
二級アミンの具体例としては、例えばジエタノールアミン、ジ(n-プロパノール)アミン、ジイソプロパノールアミン、N-メチルモノエタノールアミン、N-エチルモノエタノールアミン、N-シクロモノエタノールアミン、N-n-プロピルモノエタノールアミン、N-i-プロピルモノエタノールアミン、N-n-ブチルモノエタノールアミン、N-i-ブチルモノエタノールアミン、およびN-t-ブチルモノエタノールアミンなどが挙げられる。本加工油においては、上記した成分は1種用いてもよく、2種以上を用いてもよい。
ここで、防錆性を高めるため、防錆剤として硫黄を含有しないカルボン酸を(D)成分と併用することが好ましい。このようなカルボン酸としては、消泡性の観点および硬水安定性の観点より、炭素原子数8から10までのカプロン酸、ノナン酸、イソノナン酸、トリメチルヘキサン酸、ネオデカン酸、およびデカン酸などのようなモノカルボン酸や、炭素原子数9から12までのノナン二酸、ウンデカン二酸、セバシン酸、およびドデカン二酸などのようなジカルボン酸が好ましく挙げられる。
特に上記したトリメチルヘキサン酸は、加工油(原液)を水で希釈した時、固形物が液面にできるのを低減する効果(硬水安定性)に優れている。
また、カルボン酸の主鎖を構成するアルキル基としては耐腐敗性の点で分岐構造を有するものが好ましい。カルボン酸としては二塩基酸を用いた方が塩として用いた場合に防錆性に優れるが、原液の安定性(不溶化しにくいこと)の観点より、二塩基酸と一塩基酸とを混合して使用することが好ましい。
極圧剤としては、硫黄系極圧剤、リン系極圧剤、硫黄および金属を含む極圧剤、リンおよび金属を含む極圧剤が挙げられる。これらの極圧剤は一種を単独でまたは二種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。極圧剤としては、分子中に硫黄原子やリン原子を含み、耐荷重性や耐摩耗性を発揮しうるものであればよい。分子中に硫黄を含む極圧剤としては、例えば、硫化油脂、硫化脂肪酸、硫化エステル、硫化オレフィン、ジヒドロカルビルポリサルファイド、チアジアゾール化合物、アルキルチオカルバモイル化合物、トリアジン化合物、チオテルペン化合物、ジアルキルチオジプロピオネート化合物などを挙げることができる。これらの極圧剤の配合量は、配合効果の点から、最終的な希釈液(クーラント)基準で、0.05質量%以上0.5質量%以下程度となるように原液に配合される。
消泡剤としては、メチルシリコーン油、フルオロシリコーン油、ポリアクリレートなどを挙げることができる。これらの消泡剤の配合量は、配合効果の点から、クーラント基準で、0.004質量%以上0.08質量%以下程度となるように原液に配合される。
〔実施例1、2、比較例1~6〕
表1に示す配合処方により水溶性金属加工油(原液)を調製した後、各原液を水道水で20倍(容量)に希釈して各供試油を得た。各供試油についてブロック・オン・リング試験を行い、潤滑性と耐摩耗性を評価した。試験条件および評価項目(評価方法)は下記の通りである。結果を表1に示す。
試験機 :ブロック・オン・リング試験機(丸菱エンジニアリング株式会社製)
荷重 :100N
回転数 :500rpm(53m/min)
時間 :10min
リング :SAE 4620STEEL
ブロック:S45C
・潤滑性
摩擦力(N)より以下の基準で評価した。
A:13.5N以下
B:13.5Nを超える
・耐摩耗性
摩耗痕幅(μm)より以下の基準で評価した。
A:1100μm以下
B:1100μmを超える
1)トール油脂肪酸(C18)
2)HO(EO)8.5-(PO)30.2-(EO)8.5H:三洋化成製
3)HO(EO)13.2-(PO)30-(EO)13.2H:三洋化成製
4)CH3O(PO)a((EO)b/(PO)c)(PO)dH:三洋化成製ブレンバーLUB82
5)ペンタエリスリトールポリオキシエチレンエーテル:日本乳化剤製 PNT-60U
6)アセチレングリコール系界面活性剤:エアープロダクツアンドケミカルズ製のダイノール604、サーフィノール420、およびサーフィノール465を混合して使用
7)その他の成分:(ポリエチレンイミン(分子量1000)の30質量%水溶液:0.3質量%、ベンゾトリアゾール:1.0質量%、ベンゾイソチアゾリンの35質量%水溶液:0.2質量%、ピリチオンナトリウム:0.2質量%、シリコーン系消泡剤:0.4質量%)
実施例1及び実施例2の原液を希釈してなるクーラントは、本発明の(A)成分と(B)成分を配合してなり、PAGを含まないので、いずれも潤滑性および耐摩耗性に優れている。
これに対して比較例1~6の原液を希釈してなるクーラントは、上記(A)成分と(B)成分のいずれかを欠いているか、あるいはPAGを含んでいるため、潤滑性と耐摩耗性を両立させることができない。
Claims (10)
- (A)スルフィド構造を含有するジカルボン酸、および(B)モノカルボン酸を配合してなり、
ポリアルキレングリコールを含まない
ことを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油。 - 請求項1に記載の水溶性金属加工油において、
前記(A)成分が下記式(1)の化合物である
ことを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油。
HOOC-R1-Sn-R2-COOH (1)
(R1およびR2は、各々独立して炭素数1以上5以下の炭化水素基であり、nは1以上8以下の整数である。) - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の水溶性金属加工油において、
前記(A)成分の配合量が、当該加工油全量基準で0.1質量%以上14質量%以下である
ことを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油。 - 請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか1項に記載の水溶性金属加工油において、
前記(B)成分が、下記式(2)の化合物である
ことを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油。
R3-COOH (2)
(R3は炭素数が11以上の炭化水素基である。) - 請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか1項に記載の水溶性金属加工油において、
前記(B)成分の配合量が、当該加工油全量基準で1質量%以上20質量%以下である
ことを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油。 - 請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか1項に記載の水溶性金属加工油において、
さらに、(C)アセチレングリコール系界面活性剤を配合してなる
ことを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油。 - 請求項6に記載の水溶性金属加工油において、
前記(C)成分の配合量が、当該加工油全量基準で1質量%以上15質量%以下である
ことを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油。 - 請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか1項に記載の水溶性金属加工油が、水を15質量%以上75質量%以下配合してなる原液である
ことを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油。 - 請求項1から請求項8までのいずれか1項に記載の水溶性金属加工油を、水で2倍以上200倍以下(容量)に希釈した
ことを特徴とする金属加工用クーラント。 - 請求項9に記載の金属加工用クーラントが研削用である
ことを特徴とする金属加工用クーラント。
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TWI698506B (zh) * | 2018-04-10 | 2020-07-11 | 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 | 防鏽油組成物及鋼材的防鏽方法 |
JP7636943B2 (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2025-02-27 | 出光興産株式会社 | 加工液、加工液用組成物及び脆性材料加工液組成物 |
CA3206391A1 (en) | 2022-07-12 | 2024-01-12 | Secure Energy (Drilling Services) Inc. | Lubricant blends and methods for improving lubricity of brine-based drilling fluids |
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