WO2013065757A1 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013065757A1 WO2013065757A1 PCT/JP2012/078219 JP2012078219W WO2013065757A1 WO 2013065757 A1 WO2013065757 A1 WO 2013065757A1 JP 2012078219 W JP2012078219 W JP 2012078219W WO 2013065757 A1 WO2013065757 A1 WO 2013065757A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- flow path
- fuel cell
- power generation
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 340
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 220
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 208
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 137
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 137
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 434
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
- F28D9/0075—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements the plates having openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
- F28F3/086—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning having one or more openings therein forming tubular heat-exchange passages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0043—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell such as a solid oxide fuel cell including a fuel cell stack in which flat power generation cells each having an electrolyte layer, an air electrode, and a fuel electrode are stacked in the thickness direction.
- a solid oxide fuel cell (hereinafter also referred to as SOFC) using a solid electrolyte (solid oxide) is known as a fuel cell.
- SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
- a fuel electrode provided with a fuel electrode in contact with the fuel gas on one side of the solid electrolyte layer and an oxidant electrode (air electrode) in contact with the oxidant gas (air) on the other side is provided.
- Battery cells power generation cells
- a stack fuel cell stack in which a plurality of power generation cells are stacked via an interconnector has been developed.
- the temperature of the power generation cell on the center side is usually higher than the power generation cell on the end side in the direction in which the power generation cells are stacked (stacking direction), and the temperature distribution in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack There is a problem that is not uniform.
- Patent Document 1 in order to increase the power generation efficiency by uniformizing the temperature distribution in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack, one side surface (perpendicular to the stacking direction) of the fuel cell stack.
- a technique has been proposed in which cold air is supplied to one side surface of the fuel cell stack and heat exchanged hot gas is supplied to the end of the fuel cell stack in the stacking direction.
- a fuel cell that can efficiently cool the temperature on the center side in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack and can increase the power generation efficiency by equalizing the temperature in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack. It is desirable.
- the fuel cell according to the first aspect of the present invention has an electrolyte layer, and an air electrode and a fuel electrode arranged with the electrolyte layer therebetween, and generates electricity using an oxidant gas and a fuel gas.
- a plurality of fuel cell stacks stacked along the thickness direction of the power generation cell, and in the stacking direction, provided in contact with the power generation cell between two adjacent power generation cells,
- a heat exchanger having a first flow path through which the oxidant gas or the fuel gas supplied from the outside passes, an outlet side of the first flow path of the heat exchanger, and the air of each power generation cell
- the oxidant gas or the fuel gas connected to the electrode side or the fuel electrode side and having passed through the first flow path is used as the air electrode side of each power generation cell on both sides in the stacking direction of the heat exchanger. Or a second flow path that supplies the fuel electrode. That.
- the invention of the first aspect includes a heat exchanger in the middle in the stacking direction of the power generation cells constituting the fuel cell stack, and the oxidant gas or fuel gas supplied from the outside is passed through the heat exchanger.
- a first flow path is provided. Further, on the outlet side of the first flow path, the oxidant gas or the fuel gas discharged from the first flow path is disposed in the stacking direction (that is, disposed outside the heat exchanger in the stacking direction).
- the 2nd flow path supplied to a cell is connected.
- a gas (oxidant gas or fuel gas) having a temperature lower than that of the central portion of the fuel cell stack (that is, the power generation cell adjacent to the heat exchanger) is externally supplied to the first flow of the heat exchanger.
- the gas exchanges heat with an adjacent power generation cell to increase the temperature, and the temperature of the adjacent power generation cell decreases. Since the gas whose temperature has been increased by heat exchange is supplied to the power generation cell in the stacking direction (that is, on the outer side (end side)), in the power generation cell to which the gas is supplied, the temperature is increased by the gas. To do. Thereby, in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack, the temperature on the center side decreases and the temperature on the end side increases, so that the temperature in the stacking direction becomes uniform.
- the heat exchanger is arranged on the center side. Since heat exchange with the gas from the outside is performed, the temperature of the power generation cell on the center side can be lowered efficiently, and the temperature on the end side can be reduced by supplying the heat exchanged gas to the power generation cell on the end side. Can rise. As a result, the temperature in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack is made uniform, so that the power generation efficiency is improved.
- the gas supplied from the outside is heated by the heat exchanger, there is an advantage that a device for heating the gas can be simplified or unnecessary.
- a fuel cell according to a second aspect of the present invention has an electrolyte layer, and an air electrode and a fuel electrode arranged with the electrolyte layer interposed therebetween, and a flat plate shape that generates power using an oxidant gas and a fuel gas.
- a plurality of fuel cell stacks stacked along the thickness direction of the power generation cell, and in the stacking direction, provided in contact with the power generation cell between two adjacent power generation cells,
- a heat exchanger comprising: a first flow path for oxidant gas that passes the oxidant gas supplied from outside; and a first flow path for fuel gas that passes the fuel gas supplied from outside And connected to the outlet side of the first flow path for the oxidant gas of the heat exchanger and the air electrode side of each power generation cell, and passed through the first flow path for the oxidant gas.
- Each of the oxidant gas on both sides in the stacking direction of the heat exchanger A second flow path for the oxidant gas supplied to the air electrode side of the electric cell, an outlet side of the first flow path for the fuel gas of the heat exchanger, and the fuel electrode side of each power generation cell.
- the invention of the second aspect includes a heat exchanger in the middle in the stacking direction of the power generation cells constituting the fuel cell stack, and the oxidant gas and the fuel gas supplied from the outside are passed through the heat exchanger, respectively.
- a first flow path for oxidant gas and a first flow path for fuel gas are provided. Further, on the outlet side of the first flow path, the oxidant gas and the fuel gas discharged from the first flow path are arranged in the stacking direction (that is, arranged outside the heat exchanger in the stacking direction).
- a second flow path for oxidant gas and a second flow path for fuel gas that are respectively supplied to the cells are connected.
- both the oxidant gas and the fuel gas which are lower in temperature than the central portion of the fuel cell stack (that is, the power generation cell adjacent to the heat exchanger), flow from the outside to the first flow of the heat exchanger.
- the gas exchanges heat with an adjacent power generation cell to increase the temperature, and the temperature of the adjacent power generation cell decreases. Since the gas whose temperature has been increased by heat exchange is supplied to the power generation cell in the stacking direction (that is, on the outer side (end side)), in the power generation cell to which the gas is supplied, the temperature is increased by the gas. To do. Thereby, in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack, the temperature on the center side decreases and the temperature on the end side increases, so that the temperature in the stacking direction becomes uniform.
- the temperature on the center side is higher than the end side, but in the invention of the second aspect, the heat exchanger arranged on the center side Since heat exchange is performed with both the oxidant gas and the fuel gas from the outside, the temperature of the power generation cell on the center side can be more efficiently lowered (compared to the case where either one of the gases is heat exchanged). At the same time, the temperature on the end side can be further increased by supplying the heat-exchanged gas to the power generation cell on the end side. As a result, the temperature in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack is made more uniform, so that the power generation efficiency is greatly improved.
- the first flow path formed in the heat exchanger is formed so as to extend along the planar direction of the flat power generation cell.
- the invention of the third aspect has an advantage that the efficiency of heat exchange is good because the first flow path in the heat exchanger is formed so as to extend along the surface direction of the power generation cell.
- the first flow path of the heat exchanger is configured by a groove formed on the surface of a plate-like member.
- the first flow path in the heat exchanger is formed by a groove on the surface, so that the structure of the first flow path can be simplified, and thus the manufacture thereof is easy. is there.
- the heat exchanger is disposed at the center of the fuel cell stack in the stacking direction.
- the heat exchanger since the heat exchanger is disposed in the center portion of the fuel cell stack in the stacking direction, the center portion having a high temperature can be efficiently cooled.
- the heat exchanger for the oxidant gas
- provided with the passage and the heat exchanger (for the fuel gas) provided with the first flow path for the fuel gas may be arranged at different locations.
- the first flow path of the heat exchanger has a pressure loss structure that regulates an outflow state of at least one of the oxidant gas and the fuel gas. .
- the first flow path is configured to have a pressure loss structure (a structure in which the flow path becomes smaller on the outlet side), the pressure in the first flow path can be increased.
- the power generation cells can be closely adhered to each other. Therefore, the heat conductivity and electrical connectivity between the power generation cells can be improved.
- the inlet side and the outlet side of at least one of the oxidant gas and the fuel gas in the first flow path are formed by stacking the first flow path. When viewed from the direction, it is formed at the most distant position or in the vicinity of the most distant position.
- the gas inlet side and the outlet side of the first flow path are formed at the most distant positions or in the vicinity of the most distant positions.
- a channel an insertion adjacent to the insertion hole formed at a position closest to a channel (for example, an insertion hole formed in the stacking direction) at the most distant position. Hole).
- the heat exchanger includes a plate-shaped oxidant gas member in which a first groove that is a first flow path for the oxidant gas is formed; A plate-shaped fuel gas member in which a second groove, which is a first flow path for fuel gas, is stacked in the stacking direction.
- the heat exchanger is formed with the first groove for flowing the oxidant gas and the second groove for flowing the fuel gas, the oxidant gas and the fuel gas are simultaneously heated by heat exchange. be able to.
- the temperature on the center side of the fuel cell stack can be more efficiently lowered, and the oxidant gas and the fuel gas that have been heat-exchanged and have risen in temperature are supplied to the end portion having the lower temperature. Can raise the temperature.
- the temperature in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack is made more uniform, so that the power generation efficiency is further improved.
- the first groove of the oxidant gas member opens on one side (for example, the upper side) in the stacking direction, and the fuel gas member
- the second groove is formed so as to open to the other side in the stacking direction (opposite direction to the one side, for example, the lower side).
- the invention of the tenth aspect shows an example of the arrangement of the first groove and the second groove.
- the first groove of the oxidant gas member and the second groove of the fuel gas member are both on one side in the stacking direction (for example, These are respectively formed so as to open on the upper side or on the lower side.
- the invention of the eleventh aspect shows an example of the arrangement of the first groove and the second groove.
- the fuel gas member is stacked on the side where the first groove of the oxidant gas member is formed, and the fuel gas member A third groove communicating with the first groove of the oxidant gas member is formed on the oxidant gas member side.
- the invention of the twelfth aspect has a remarkable effect that the thickness of the heat exchanger can be reduced while ensuring the depth of the flow path of the oxidant gas.
- the heat exchanger has a first groove for the oxidant gas on one side (for example, the upper side) in the stacking direction of the plate-like member.
- a second groove for the fuel gas is formed on the other side of the plate-like member in the stacking direction (opposite the one side, for example, the lower side). .
- the invention of the thirteenth aspect has an advantage that the heat exchanger can be downsized (thinned) because the first groove and the second groove are formed on both sides of the plate material. As a result, the heat capacity of the heat exchanger (and hence the fuel cell) can be reduced, so that the startability is improved and the cost can be reduced.
- At least a part of the second flow path is configured by a flow path portion formed to extend in the stacking direction in the fuel cell stack.
- At least a part of the second flow path is formed so as to extend in the stacking direction in the fuel cell stack, so that the shape of the fuel cell stack is made compact (space saving). Can do.
- the fuel cell stack includes an insertion hole that penetrates the fuel cell stack in a thickness direction, and an insertion member is inserted through the insertion hole. At least a part of the second flow path is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the insertion hole and the outer peripheral surface of the insertion member.
- the gas can flow in a predetermined direction using the second flow path. Therefore, the configuration of the gas flow path can be simplified and the fuel cell stack can be made compact.
- the insertion member for example, a restraining member such as a bolt that restrains the fuel cell stack by pressing in the stacking direction can be used.
- the fuel cell stack includes an insertion member that penetrates the fuel cell stack in the thickness direction, and at least the second flow path is provided inside the insertion member. Part is formed.
- the second flow path is formed inside the insertion member (for example, the axial direction or the warp direction), the gas can flow in a predetermined direction using this insertion member. . Therefore, the configuration of the gas flow path can be simplified and the fuel cell stack can be made compact.
- a restraining member such as a bolt that restrains the fuel cell stack by pressing in the stacking direction
- the following structure is also employable as a fuel cell of the other situation of this invention.
- the second flow path is configured such that at least one of the oxidant gas and the fuel gas that has passed through the first flow path is close to the power generation cell that is far from the heat exchanger in the stacking direction. You may comprise a flow path so that it may be supplied to a cell in order.
- the gas that has passed through the first flow path (heated by heat exchange) is supplied in turn from the power generation cell on the end side (which is lower in temperature than the center side) to the center side. That is, since the power generation cell having the lowest temperature is effectively heated by the gas having the highest temperature, the temperature distribution can be made more uniform.
- the second flow path includes the outlet side of the first flow path of the heat exchanger and the air electrode side of each power generation cell. It may be configured by a bowl-shaped member so as to cover the inlet side for introducing the oxidant gas to the direction intersecting the stacking direction.
- a flow path configured by covering the outside of the fuel cell stack with a bowl-shaped member is used as the second flow path for the oxidant gas.
- the one gas is a fuel gas
- at least part of the second flow path is on the outlet side of the first flow path of the heat exchanger and the fuel electrode side of each power generation cell.
- You may be comprised with the bowl-shaped member so that the inlet side which introduce
- a flow path configured by covering the outside of the fuel cell stack with a bowl-shaped member is used as the second flow path for the fuel gas.
- the electrolyte layer (for example, the solid electrolyte layer) is formed by ionizing one part of the fuel gas introduced into the fuel electrode or the oxidant gas introduced into the air electrode when the battery is operated. It has ion conductivity that can be moved. Examples of the ions include oxygen ions and hydrogen ions.
- the fuel electrode comes into contact with the fuel gas that becomes the reducing agent and functions as a negative electrode in the cell.
- the air electrode is in contact with an oxidant gas serving as an oxidant and functions as a positive electrode in the cell.
- fuel gas is introduced to the fuel electrode side, and oxidant gas is introduced to the air electrode side.
- fuel gas hydrogen, hydrocarbon as a reducing agent, mixed gas of hydrogen and hydrocarbon, fuel gas humidified by passing these gases through water at a predetermined temperature, and inert gas mixed with these gases Fuel gas and the like.
- the hydrocarbon is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include natural gas, naphtha, and coal gasification gas.
- the fuel gas is preferably hydrogen. These fuel gas may use only 1 type and can also use 2 or more types together. Moreover, you may contain inert gas, such as nitrogen and argon of 50 volume% or less.
- the oxidant gas examples include a mixed gas of oxygen and another gas. Further, the mixed gas may contain 80% by volume or less of an inert gas such as nitrogen and argon. Of these oxidant gases, air (containing about 80% by volume of nitrogen) is preferred because it is safe and inexpensive.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a solid oxide fuel cell of Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 1 viewed from the X direction in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a state in which a fuel cell is disassembled, broken at III-III in FIG. 1. It is a perspective view which shows the state which decomposed
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state where the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 1 is broken at VV in FIG. 6A is a plan view showing a heat exchanger frame, and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view showing a VIB-VIB cross section of FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 2 is broken at the same position as VV in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 3 is broken at the same position as VV in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 3 is broken at the same position as III-III in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state fractured
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 2 is broken at the same position as VV in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 3 is broken at the same position as III-III in FIG. It is
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 5 is broken in the stacking direction so as to include fuel gas introduction / discharge passages in the fuel cells. It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow path in the heat exchanger of the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 6 from a plane direction. It is explanatory drawing which fractures
- FIG. 14A is a plan view showing the surface (upper surface) of the air member in Example 7
- FIG. 14B is a plan view showing the back surface (lower surface) of the air member
- FIG. 14C shows the surface (upper surface) of the fuel gas member.
- FIG. 14A is a plan view showing the surface (upper surface) of the air member in Example 7
- FIG. 14B is a plan view showing the back surface (lower surface) of the air member
- FIG. 14C shows the surface (upper surface) of the fuel gas member.
- FIG. 14D is a plan view showing the back surface (lower surface) of the fuel gas member.
- FIG. 15A is an explanatory diagram showing air flow paths in the stacking direction (vertical direction) of the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 7, and
- FIG. 15B is an explanatory diagram showing air flow paths in the planar direction of the solid oxide fuel cell.
- FIG. FIG. 16A is an explanatory view showing the flow path of the fuel gas in the stacking direction (vertical direction) of the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 7, and
- FIG. 16B is the flow path of the fuel gas in the plane direction of the solid oxide fuel cell. It is explanatory drawing shown.
- FIG. 9 is a modified example of the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 7 and is an explanatory view schematically showing the heat exchanger broken in the thickness direction.
- FIG. 19A is a plan view showing the surface (upper surface) of the air member in Example 8
- FIG. 19B is a plan view showing the back surface (lower surface) of the air member
- FIG. 19C shows the surface (upper surface) of the fuel gas member.
- FIG. 19D is a plan view showing the back surface (lower surface) of the fuel gas member. It is explanatory drawing which fractures
- FIG. FIG. 21A is a plan view showing the surface (upper surface) of the plate-like member in Example 9, and FIG.
- FIG. 21B is a plan view showing the back surface (lower surface) of the plate-like member.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory view schematically showing the arrangement of heat exchangers in the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 10.
- FIG. 23A is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the arrangement of air members and fuel gas members of the heat exchanger in the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 11, and
- FIG. 23B shows the thickness of the air members and fuel gas members.
- FIG. 23C is an explanatory view schematically showing another air member broken in the thickness direction.
- FIG. 24A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration of a gas flow path using an insertion hole in Example 12, and
- FIG. 24B is an explanatory diagram illustrating a modification of the configuration of the gas flow path using the insertion hole.
- FIG. 25A is a plan view schematically showing the cross flow of the oxidant gas and the fuel gas in the heat exchanger
- FIG. 25B is a plan view schematically showing the coflow of each gas
- FIG. 25C is a schematic view of the counterflow of each gas.
- a solid oxide fuel cell (hereinafter simply referred to as a fuel cell) 1 of this embodiment is supplied with a fuel gas (for example, hydrogen) and an oxidant gas (for example, air).
- a fuel gas for example, hydrogen
- an oxidant gas for example, air
- the oxidant gas is indicated by “O”
- the fuel gas is indicated by “F”.
- “IN” indicates that gas is introduced
- OUT” indicates that gas is discharged (the same applies hereinafter).
- the fuel cell 1 includes a fuel cell stack 5 in which a plurality of (for example, eight stages) flat plate fuel cell cells (hereinafter referred to as power generation cells) 3 as power generation units are stacked, and the fuel cell stack 5 in a stacking direction (see FIG. And a plurality of bolts 11 to 18 penetrating in the vertical direction of 2 and nuts 19 (generic names) screwed to both ends of each of the bolts 11 to 18.
- power generation cells flat plate fuel cell cells
- the fuel cell stack 5 is formed by laminating a flat heat exchanger 7 between an upper fuel cell stack 5a and a lower fuel cell stack 5b (see FIG. 2). .
- the second bolt 12 includes a fuel gas introduction pipe 21 that supplies fuel gas to the fuel cell stack 5, and the sixth bolt 16 supplies fuel gas after power generation to the fuel cell stack 5.
- the seventh bolt 17 includes an air introduction pipe 25 that supplies air to the fuel cell stack 5, and the eighth bolt 18 discharges air after power generation from the fuel cell stack 5.
- An air discharge pipe 27 is provided.
- the first bolt 11, the fourth bolt 14, and the fifth bolt 15 are bolts used only for fixing the fuel cell stack 5.
- the other bolts 12, 13, 16, 17, 18 are used for fixing the fuel cell stack 5 and are disposed along the flow path through which the gas flows. That is, as will be described in detail later (see FIG. 4), a third insertion hole 63, a seventh insertion hole 67, and an eighth insertion hole into which the third bolt 13, the seventh bolt 17, and the eighth bolt 18 are inserted, respectively. 68 is used as an air flow path, and the second insertion hole 62 and the sixth insertion hole 66 through which the second bolt 12 and the sixth bolt 16 are respectively inserted are used as fuel gas flow paths.
- first to eighth numbers (11 to 18, 61 to 68, etc.) of the bolts and the insertion holes are assigned clockwise when the fuel cell stack 5 is viewed from the upper surface side (see FIG. 1). (The same shall apply hereinafter.)
- the power generation cell 3 is a so-called fuel electrode support membrane type plate-shaped power generation cell, and a plate-shaped fuel electrode (anode) 33 is provided on the fuel gas flow path 31 side. And a thin solid electrolyte body (solid oxide body) 35 (which is an electrolyte layer) is formed on the upper surface of the fuel electrode 33 in FIG. A thin air electrode (cathode) 37 is formed on the surface of the solid oxide body 35 on the air flow path 39 side.
- the fuel electrode 33, the solid oxide body 35, and the air electrode 37 are referred to as a cell body 41.
- the power generation cell 3 is joined between a pair of upper and lower interconnectors 43, 43 to the plate-shaped gas seal portion 45 on the air electrode 37 side and the upper surface of the outer edge portion of the cell body 41.
- Separator 47 that cuts off the fuel flow path 31, a fuel electrode frame 49 disposed on the fuel gas flow path 31 side, and a fuel electrode (disposed outside the fuel electrode frame 49 (downward in FIG. 3)).
- a plate-like gas seal portion 51 on the 33 side which are laminated to form a single unit.
- a fuel electrode side current collector 53 is disposed between the fuel electrode 33 and the interconnector 43 on the lower side of FIG. 3, and the surface of one of the interconnectors 43 (lower side in FIG. 3).
- the air electrode side current collector 55 is integrally formed.
- the fuel cell stack 5 has a plurality of power generation cells 3 electrically connected in series. Further, in the air flow path 39 in the power generation cell 3, air is supplied in the left-right direction of FIG. 3, and in the fuel gas flow path 31, fuel gas is supplied in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG.
- the solid oxide body 35 materials such as YSZ, ScSZ, SDC, GDC, and perovskite oxide can be used.
- the fuel electrode 33 Ni and a cermet of Ni and ceramic can be used, and as the air electrode 37, a perovskite oxide, various noble metals and cermets of noble metal and ceramic can be used.
- each member which comprises the electric power generation cell 3 is demonstrated in detail based on FIG.
- the interconnector 43 is a plate material made of, for example, ferritic stainless steel, and an outer edge of the interconnector 43 is an insertion hole (first hole) through which the bolts 11 to 18 are inserted.
- To eighth insertion holes) 61 to 68 are formed at equal intervals.
- insertion holes 61 to 68 are formed at the positions corresponding to the four corners of the interconnector 43 and the midpoints of the respective sides.
- the gas seal portion 45 on the air electrode 37 side is made of, for example, mica or vermiculite, and is a frame-like plate material having a square opening 75 in the center, and at the corners of the four corners and the edge of the right side, Respective insertion holes 61, 63, 64, 65, 67 through which the bolts 11, 13, 14, 15, 17 are inserted are formed.
- first first holes serve as gas flow paths along the sides so as to communicate with the insertion holes 62, 66, 68.
- first first holes serve as gas flow paths along the sides so as to communicate with the insertion holes 62, 66, 68.
- second through long holes 71 to 73 are formed. That is, each of the through long holes 71 to 73 is formed so as to include each of the insertion holes 62, 66, and 68 when viewed from the stacking direction.
- the first through long hole 71 is a flow path used for introducing fuel gas into the fuel cell stack 5 from the outside, and the second through long hole 72 passes the fuel gas after power generation to the fuel cell stack.
- the third through hole 73 is a flow path used for discharging the air after power generation to the outside of the fuel cell stack 5.
- the third insertion hole 63 and the opening 75 are communicated with each other via the communication hole 76.
- the third insertion hole is provided. The air introduced from 63 is introduced into the opening 75 through the communication hole 76.
- the gas seal portion 45 has a plurality of rectangular cutouts 77 serving as small-diameter gas passages in the frame portion of the gas seal portion 45 so as to communicate with the opening 75 and the third through hole 73. Is formed.
- This notch 77 is not a through hole but a groove formed by digging one surface (upper side in FIG. 4) of the gas seal portion 45, and can be formed by laser or pressing.
- the separator 47 is a frame-like plate made of, for example, ferritic stainless steel, and the cell body 41 is joined to a square opening 79 at the center so as to close the opening 79.
- the insertion holes 61, 63, 64, 65, 67 are formed, and the through long holes 81 to 83 are formed along the three sides. .
- the fuel electrode frame 49 is a frame-like plate material made of, for example, ferritic stainless steel having an opening 85 at the center, and, like the separator 47, the insertion holes 61, 63, 64, 65, 67 are provided. In addition, the long through holes 91 to 93 are formed along the three sides.
- the gas seal portion 51 on the fuel electrode 33 side is a frame-like plate material made of, for example, mica or vermiculite having an opening 95 at the center, similar to the gas seal portion 45 on the air electrode 37 side. Insertion holes 61, 63, 64, 65, and 67 are formed, and through long holes 101 to 103 are formed along three sides.
- notches 105 a and 105 b serving as gas passages with small diameters are provided in each opposing frame portion so as to communicate with the opening 95 and the first and second through holes 101 and 102. A plurality of each are provided.
- the fuel cell stack 5 includes an upper fuel cell stack 5 a in which a plurality of (for example, four) planar power generation cells 3 are stacked, and a plurality (for example, four).
- the flat plate-shaped heat exchanger 7 is stacked between the lower fuel cell stack 5b in which the flat power generation cells 3 are stacked. That is, the heat exchanger 7 is disposed at the center portion (center portion) in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack 5.
- Each power generation cell 3 of the upper fuel cell stack 5a is electrically connected (in the vertical direction in FIG. 5) by each interconnector 43.
- each power generation cell 3 of the lower fuel cell stack 5b is connected to each interface.
- the upper fuel cell stack 5 a and the lower fuel cell stack 5 b are electrically connected by a heat exchanger frame 111 constituting the heat exchanger 7.
- the heat exchanger frame 111 itself is a conductor, or the heat exchanger frame 111 is made of an insulator such as ceramic, for example.
- a structure such as a via conductor arranged so as to penetrate the insulator in the thickness direction can be adopted.
- the heat exchanger frame 111 is a member made of, for example, ferritic stainless steel whose square shape is a square shape, and the heat exchanger 7 includes a heat exchanger frame 111 as shown in FIG. 6B.
- the upper fuel cell stack 5a is covered with the interconnector 43a at the lower end of the upper fuel cell stack 5a and the interconnector 43b at the upper end of the lower fuel cell stack 5b from both sides in the thickness direction (vertical direction in FIG. 6B).
- the thicknesses of the interconnectors 43, 43a, and 43b are different in the drawings, but are not limited thereto.
- interconnectors having the same thickness may be used.
- the heat exchanger frame 111 has a square opening 113 at the center thereof, and through holes 61 to 61 through which the bolts 11 to 18 are inserted around the opening 113. 68 is formed.
- the third insertion hole 63 and the seventh insertion hole 67 communicate with the opening 113 and extend in the diagonal direction, respectively. 67a are formed.
- the air supplied from the seventh insertion hole 67 and introduced into the opening 113 from the communication hole 67a is guided to the third insertion hole 63 from the communication hole 63a.
- the air flow path in the opening 113 of the heat exchanger 7 is formed so as to extend along the surface direction of the power generation cell 3.
- the size of the flow path (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the flow direction) from the opening 113 to the communication hole 63a of the heat exchanger 7 is sufficiently smaller than the opening 113 so that the flow path is narrowed. This is a so-called pressure loss structure.
- the width of the frame (the dimension from the outer periphery to the opening 113) in the heat exchanger frame 111 is set to be larger than the width of the plate 45 or the like constituting the frame portion of the power generation cell 3. d) Next, the gas flow path in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the air introduced into the upper fuel cell stack 5 a from the air introduction pipe 25 along the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack 5 (the vertical direction in both drawings) is the seventh bolt 17. It reaches the heat exchanger 7 through the seventh insertion hole 67 through which is inserted, and is introduced into the inside (opening 113) of the heat exchanger 7 through the communication hole 67a.
- the lower fuel cell stack 5b is also provided with a seventh insertion hole 67, but since there is no air discharge hole in that portion, there is almost no air flow.
- this heat exchanger 7 the air in the opening 113 of the heat exchanger 7, the upper fuel cell stack 5a (particularly, the power generation cell 3 at the lower end) and the lower fuel cell stack 5b (particularly at the upper end) on both sides in the stacking direction. Heat exchange with the power generation cell 3) is performed.
- the air in the opening 113 of the heat exchanger 7 is heated by the power generation cells 3 on both sides of the heat exchanger 7 and the temperature rises.
- the power generation cells 3 on both sides of the heat exchanger 7 The temperature is lowered by being cooled by the air in the opening 113 of the exchanger 7.
- the air whose temperature has been raised by heat exchange is introduced into the third insertion hole 63 through which the third bolt 13 is inserted through the communication hole 63a (in the diagonal line of the seventh insertion hole 67).
- the air introduced into the third insertion hole 63 is branched and guided along the third insertion hole 63 to both sides in the stacking direction (the vertical direction in both drawings), and the upper fuel cell stack 5a and the lower fuel cell stack, respectively. It is introduced into the air flow path 39 of each power generation cell 3 of 5b.
- the air that has reached the third insertion hole 63 of the seal member 45 on the air electrode 37 side is guided to the communication hole 76 and enters the opening 75 (that is, the air flow path 39). It is introduced and used for power generation at the air electrode 37.
- the air after power generation is introduced from the opening 75 into the third through hole 73 through the notch 77. Thereafter, the air guided to the third through hole 73 is guided upward in FIG. 4 through the eighth insertion hole 68 and discharged to the outside from the air discharge pipe 27 (see FIG. 1).
- the air flow path (the flow path having the opening 113 and the communication paths 63a and 67a) in the plane direction in the heat exchanger 7 is the first flow path 114 of the present invention, and the air is used as the fuel cell stack.
- the third insertion hole 63 supplied in the stacking direction 5 is the second flow path of the present invention.
- This fuel gas is introduced from the space having the first through holes 71, 81, 91, 101 into the opening 95 (that is, the fuel gas channel 31) through the notch 105a. Thereafter, the remaining fuel gas that contributes to power generation in the power generation cell 3 is discharged into the space formed by the second through-holes 72, 82, 92, and 102 of each member through the notch 105b.
- the remaining fuel gas flows from the fuel gas discharge pipe 23 (see FIG. 1) to the outside of the fuel cell stack 5 from the space having the second through holes 72, 82, 92, 102 through the sixth insertion hole 66 and the like. To be discharged.
- the manufacturing method of the fuel cell 1 of the present embodiment will be briefly described.
- a plurality of power generation cells 3 are overlapped to form an upper fuel cell stack 5a and a lower fuel cell stack 5b, respectively.
- the heat exchanger 7 is arranged between the upper fuel cell stack 5a and the lower fuel cell stack 5b, and they are overlapped (so that the first to eighth insertion holes 61 to 68 coincide), and the insertion hole 61 Bolts 11 to 18 are inserted into ⁇ 68 and fixed with a nut 19 to be integrated.
- the interconnector 43, the gas seal portion 45, the separator 47, the fuel electrode frame 49, and the gas seal portion 51 are overlapped to form the bolts 11 to 18 and It can be configured by being integrated when fixing with the nut 19.
- the heat exchanger 7 can be manufactured, for example, by cutting or punching a plate material.
- the heat exchanger 7 is provided between the power generation cells 3 constituting the fuel cell stack 5, and the heat exchanger 7 has a first flow path 114 through which air supplied from the outside passes. I have. Further, on the outlet side of the first flow path 114, a flow path (second flow path) having a third insertion hole 63 for supplying the air discharged from the first flow path 114 to the power generation cells 3 arranged in the stacking direction. ) Is connected.
- heat exchange with the low-temperature air from the outside is performed by the heat exchanger 7 disposed in the center having a high temperature, so that the temperature on the center side can be efficiently reduced and the heat is exchanged to the temperature.
- the temperature at the end can be increased by supplying the air having increased to the end at which the temperature is low. As a result, the temperature in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack 5 becomes uniform, so that a remarkable effect of improving the power generation efficiency is obtained.
- the air supplied from the outside is heated by the heat exchanger 7, there is an advantage that a device for preheating (preheating) the air or the like is unnecessary.
- the 1st flow path 114 in the heat exchanger 7 is formed so that it may extend along the surface direction of the electric power generation cell 3, there exists an advantage that the efficiency of heat exchange is good.
- the heat exchanger 7 is disposed at the center of the fuel cell stack 5 in the stacking direction, the center having a high temperature can be efficiently cooled.
- the first flow path 114 is configured to have a pressure loss body structure, the pressure in the first flow path 114 can be increased compared to the gas pressure in the power generation cell 3. it can. Thereby, since the fuel cell stack 5 can be pressed in the stacking direction, the power generation cells 3 can be strongly adhered to each other. Therefore, heat conductivity and electrical connectivity between the power generation cells 3 can be improved.
- the shape of the fuel cell stack 5 is compact (space saving). ).
- the air inlet side and the outlet side of the first flow path 114 are formed at the farthest positions in the diagonal direction, so the flow path in which air heat exchange is performed is long and efficient. There is an advantage that heat exchange can be performed.
- the heat exchanger 7 that performs heat exchange of air is disposed in the center of the fuel cell stack 5, but in addition to (or instead of) the heat exchanger 7,
- a heat exchanger for performing heat exchange of the fuel gas
- the fuel gas heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger is supplied to the fuel gas flow path of the power generation cell on the end side via the second flow path.
- An air flow path is provided separately.
- heat exchangers are arranged at two locations in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack.
- the fuel cell 121 of the present embodiment includes a fuel cell stack 125 in which seven power generation cells 123 (similar to the first embodiment) are stacked, and in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack 125.
- Heat exchangers 127 and 129 similar to those of the first embodiment are arranged at two places.
- the first heat exchanger 127 is disposed between the upper fuel cell stack 125a in which the two power generation cells 123 are stacked and the middle fuel cell stack 125b in which the three power generation cells 123 are stacked.
- a second heat exchanger 129 is disposed between the fuel cell stack 125b and the lower fuel cell stack 125c in which the two power generation cells 123 are stacked.
- a seventh insertion hole 131 for introducing air into the fuel cell stack 125 is formed so as to penetrate the fuel cell stack 125 in the stacking direction (similar positions) as in the first embodiment, and heat exchange is performed.
- a third insertion hole 133 is formed in the same manner as in the first embodiment (in the same position) in order to guide the air that has been generated in the stacking direction.
- air is introduced from the air introduction pipe 135 into the fuel cell stack 125, that is, into the seventh insertion hole 131 along the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack 125 (vertical direction in FIG. 7).
- the air passes through the seventh insertion hole 131 to the inside of the first heat exchanger 127 (the first flow path 138 including the opening 137) and the inside of the second heat exchanger 129 (the first including the opening 139). Into the flow path 140).
- both the heat exchangers 127 and 129 heat exchange is performed between the upper and lower power generation cells 123 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the air is heated. Next, the air whose temperature has risen due to heat exchange is introduced into the third insertion holes 133 (which are second flow paths located in the diagonal direction on the plane of the seventh insertion holes 131).
- the air introduced into the third insertion hole 133 is branched and guided along the third insertion hole 133 to both sides in the stacking direction (vertical direction in FIG. 7), and the upper fuel cell stack 125a and the middle fuel are respectively guided. It is introduced into the air flow path 141 of each power generation cell 123 of the battery stack 125b and the lower fuel cell stack 125c.
- Air is introduced from the third insertion hole 133 into the air flow path 141 of each power generation cell 123 through a communication hole (not shown) similar to that of the first embodiment provided in the gas seal portion 143 on the air electrode side. Done through.
- the air used for power generation at the air electrode of each power generation cell 123 is guided to the upper side of FIG. 7 through the eighth insertion hole (not shown) in the same manner as in the first embodiment. It is discharged outside through a discharge pipe (not shown).
- the flow path of the fuel gas is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- the same effects as in the first embodiment are obtained, and the heat exchangers 127 and 129 are provided at two different positions in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack 125. Heat exchange can be performed between the air and the power generation cell 123 in the heat exchangers 127 and 129, and thus, a remarkable effect is achieved in that the temperature distribution in the stacking direction can be further uniformed.
- the eighth insertion hole through which the eighth bolt is inserted is not used as a flow path for discharging air, and the fifth insertion hole through which the fifth bolt is inserted is a flow through which air is discharged. Used as a road.
- the fuel cell 151 of the present embodiment includes a fuel cell stack 155 in which eight power generation cells 153 (similar to the first embodiment) are stacked, and the center of the fuel cells 155 in the stacking direction. Further, a heat exchanger 157 similar to that of the first embodiment is disposed.
- a heat exchanger is provided between the upper fuel cell stack 155a in which the first to fourth power generation cells 153a to 153d are stacked and the lower fuel cell stack 155b in which the fourth to eighth power generation cells 153e to 153h are stacked. 157 is arranged.
- a seventh insertion hole 159 for introducing air into the fuel cell stack 155 is formed so as to penetrate the fuel cell stack 155 in the stacking direction (similar position) as in the first embodiment.
- a third insertion hole 161 that is a second flow path is formed as in the first embodiment (at the same position).
- air heated by heat exchange is changed from the first power generation cell 153a at the end in the stacking direction (upper end in the figure) to the second and third power generation cells 153b, 153c.
- the fourth power generation cell 153d on the center side sequentially, and from the eighth power generation cell 153h at the end in the stacking direction (lower end in the figure) through the seventh and sixth power generation cells 153g and 153f.
- An air flow path is formed so as to sequentially supply the five power generation cells 153e.
- the upper fuel cell stack 155a will be described as an example.
- the third through hole 161 and the air flow path 163a are used.
- the inlet side (right side of the figure) is connected by a communication hole (not shown) similar to that of the first embodiment.
- the discharge side (left side of the figure) of the air flow path 163a of the first power generation cell 153a and the introduction side (left side of the figure) of the air flow path 163b of the second power generation cell 153b are connected by a vertical communication hole 165a. ing. The lower end side of the vertical communication hole 165a is closed so as not to communicate with the third power generation cell 153c.
- the discharge side of the air flow path 163b of the second power generation cell 153b and the introduction side of the air flow path 163c of the third power generation cell 153c are connected by a vertical communication hole 165b. Further, the discharge side of the air flow path 163c of the third power generation cell 153c and the introduction side of the air flow path 163d of the fourth power generation cell 153d are connected by a vertical communication hole 165c.
- the discharge side of the air flow path 163d of the fourth power generation cell 153d and the fifth insertion hole 167 are connected by a communication hole similar to that in the first embodiment (however, the planar shape is symmetrical with the first power generation cell 163a). ing.
- the air flow path in the lower fuel cell stack 155b is basically the same as that of the upper fuel cell stack 155a, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- Other configurations, such as other insertion holes, are basically the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted.
- the air whose temperature has been increased by heat exchange is introduced into the third insertion hole 161 (in the diagonal direction of the seventh insertion hole 159).
- the air introduced into the third insertion hole 161 is branched and guided along the third insertion hole 161 in the stacking direction (vertical direction in FIG. 8), and the upper fuel cell stack 155a and the lower fuel cell are respectively guided.
- the air is introduced into the air flow paths 163a and 163h of the first and eighth power generation cells 153a and 153h at both ends of the stack 155b.
- the air used for power generation at the air electrode of the first power generation cell 153a passes through the vertical communication hole 165a and passes through the second power generation cell. It is introduced into the air flow path 163b of 153b.
- the air used for power generation at the air electrode of the second power generation cell 153b is introduced into the air flow path 163c of the third power generation cell 153c through the vertical communication hole 165b.
- the air used for power generation at the air electrode of the third power generation cell 153c is introduced into the air flow path 163d of the fourth power generation cell 153d through the vertical communication hole 165c.
- the air used for power generation at the air electrode of the fourth power generation cell 153d is discharged to the fifth insertion hole 167, and from the fifth insertion hole 167 through an air discharge pipe (not shown). It is discharged outside.
- the air flow path of the lower fuel cell stack 155b is basically the same as that of the upper fuel cell stack 155a, and the flow path of the fuel gas is the same as that of the first embodiment, so that the description thereof will be omitted. Omitted.
- the air heated by heat exchange through the inside of the heat exchanger 157 has a temperature (from the center side).
- the power is supplied in turn from the first and eighth power generation cells 153a and 153h at the end in the stacking direction to the power generation cells on the center side. That is, the first and eighth power generation cells 153a and 153h having the lowest temperature are effectively heated by the air having the highest temperature, so that the temperature distribution can be made more uniform.
- the fuel cell 181 of this embodiment includes a fuel cell stack 185 in which eight flat power generation cells 183 (similar to the first embodiment) are stacked.
- a flat plate heat exchanger 187 similar to that of the first embodiment is disposed at the center in the stacking direction. That is, the heat exchanger 187 is disposed between the upper fuel cell stack 185a and the lower fuel cell stack 185b.
- an air inlet 191 is provided on one side (right side of the figure) of the air flow path 189 of each power generation cell 183, and an air outlet 193 is provided on the other side (left side of the figure). Is provided.
- the air outlet 195 of the heat exchanger 187 and the air inlets 191 of all the power generation cells 183 are covered.
- a bowl-shaped cover member 197 is disposed.
- each power generation cell 183 is provided in the paper surface direction of the figure.
- the air flow path in the present embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, air is introduced into the inside (the first flow path 204 including the opening 203) from the air inlet 201 (the left side of the figure) of the heat exchanger 187.
- heat exchanger 187 heat exchange is performed between the upper and lower power generation cells 183 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the power generation cells 183 are cooled and the air is heated. Next, the air whose temperature has been increased by heat exchange is introduced from the outlet 195 into the communication space 205 which is the second flow path covered with the cover member 197.
- the air introduced into the communication space 205 is branched and guided in the stacking direction (vertical direction in FIG. 10), and the inlet of each power generation cell 183 of the upper fuel cell stack 185a and the lower fuel cell stack 185b, respectively. It is introduced into the air flow path 189 through 191.
- the air used for power generation at the air electrode of each power generation cell 183 is discharged to the outside from the discharge port 193.
- the fuel gas may be supplied in the paper direction.
- the same flow path as the fuel gas of Example 1 can be used.
- Example 5 description of the content similar to the said Example 1 is abbreviate
- the fuel gas heated by heat exchange is once taken out of the fuel cell stack and then supplied to each power generation cell.
- the fuel cell 211 of the present embodiment includes a fuel cell stack 215 in which eight flat power generation cells 213 (similar to the first embodiment) are stacked.
- a flat plate heat exchanger 217 similar to that of the first embodiment is disposed at the center in the stacking direction. That is, the heat exchanger 217 is disposed between the upper fuel cell stack 215a and the lower fuel cell stack 215b.
- a fuel gas inlet 221 is provided on one side (right side of the figure) of the fuel gas flow path 219 of each power generation cell 213, and fuel gas is introduced on the other side (left side of the figure).
- a discharge port 223 is provided.
- a bowl-shaped cover member 227 is disposed so as to cover the cover.
- each power generation cell 213 is provided in the paper surface direction of the same figure.
- the flow path of the fuel gas in this embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 11, the fuel gas is introduced into the inside (first flow path 234 including the opening 233) from the fuel gas introduction port 231 (left side of the figure) of the heat exchanger 217.
- this heat exchanger 217 heat exchange is performed between the upper and lower power generation cells 213 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the power generation cells 213 are cooled and the fuel gas is heated. Next, the fuel gas whose temperature has been increased by heat exchange is introduced from the discharge port 225 into the communication space 235 that is the second flow path covered with the cover member 227.
- the fuel gas introduced into the communication space 235 is branched and guided in the stacking direction (vertical direction in FIG. 11), and the power generation cells 213 of the upper fuel cell stack 215a and the lower fuel cell stack 215b are introduced, respectively. It is introduced into the fuel gas flow path 219 via the port 221.
- the fuel gas used for power generation at the fuel electrode of each power generation cell 213 is discharged to the outside from the discharge port 223.
- what is necessary is just to supply air about a paper surface direction.
- the same flow path as the fuel gas of Example 1 can be used.
- the heat exchange frame portion 241, the air flow path inside the heat exchanger 243 (opening 245) is diagonally oriented from the seventh insertion hole 247 for introducing air.
- the third insertion hole 249 is not reached, but the fourth insertion hole 251 adjacent thereto is reached.
- the “first flow path” of the present invention includes the opening 245, the communication hole 251 a communicating with the opening 245 and the fourth insertion hole 251, and the communication hole 247 a communicating with the opening 245 and the seventh insertion hole 247. It consists of and.
- the fourth insertion hole 251 (exit) is disposed in the “near” position farthest from the seventh insertion hole 247 (inlet) (position of the third insertion hole 249).
- the heat exchange frame 241 has a plurality of other insertion holes such as the insertion hole 65. Also in this embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- Example 7 description of the content similar to the said Example 1 is abbreviate
- a first flow path for oxidant gas (air) and a first flow path for fuel gas are provided separately in a heat exchanger.
- the heat exchanger 263 used in the fuel cell 261 of the present embodiment is a plate-like member, and is a first air channel (first air channel).
- a plate-like air member 267 having one groove 265 and a plate-like fuel gas member 271 having a second groove 269 which is a fuel gas flow path (first flow path for fuel gas) 273 is laminated in the laminating direction (plate thickness direction).
- the air member 267 and the fuel gas member 271 of the heat exchanger 263 are such that the first groove 265 of the air member 267 and the second groove 269 of the fuel gas member 271 are on the same side in the stacking direction (
- the lower layers in FIG. 13 are laminated and joined and integrated by brazing, for example.
- interconnector 275 of the adjacent power generation cell 273 is joined to the second groove 269 side of the fuel gas member 271 so as to cover the opening side of the second groove 269 by, for example, brazing.
- the depth of the first groove 265 (which is an air flow channel) is set to be larger than that of fuel gas. It is generally set larger than the depth of the second groove 269 (which is a flow path).
- the depth of one groove 265 is set to be larger (the same applies to the following examples).
- the reason why the depths of the introduction portion and the discharge portion of the air into the first groove 265 are increased is that the introduction portion and the discharge portion are portions where the flow rate of air per unit cross-sectional area is the largest.
- the first groove 265 of the air member 267 and the second groove 269 of the fuel gas member 271 can be formed by cutting, for example. Next, the flow path of the heat exchanger 263 will be described in detail.
- the air member 267 is arranged around the periphery (the square frame portion 277 along the outer periphery) with the first to eighth insertion holes 281 to 288 is provided.
- the third insertion hole 283 is a flow path for introducing air into the first groove 265, and the eighth insertion hole 288 is a flow path for discharging air from the first groove 265.
- the first groove 265 is provided on one side (back side: see FIG. 14B) of the air member 267 in the plate thickness direction, and the first groove 265 is a central portion of the air member 267 ( That is, a central groove 265a formed inside the frame portion 277), a first introduction groove 265b that communicates the central groove 265a and the third insertion hole 283, and a first groove that communicates the central groove 265a and the eighth insertion hole 288. 1 discharge groove 265c.
- the central groove 265a has a rectangular shape (square prism shape) projecting portion in plan view so that the central groove 265a is not filled with adjacent members and has the same height as the depth of the central groove 265a.
- Many 266 are formed.
- the protrusions 266 are arranged so that the longitudinal direction is aligned in the left-right direction of FIG. 14B so as to guide the air flow to the discharge side.
- the shape of the protruding portion may be a cubic shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a frustum shape, another prism shape, or other shapes.
- a plurality of types of protruding portions having different dimensions may be mixed and arranged.
- all the protrusions are arranged so that their directions are aligned.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and it is sufficient that the air flow is guided to the discharge side. That is, the direction of some protrusions may be different from the direction of other protrusions, for example, an oblique direction.
- the shape and arrangement of the protrusions are the same in the other embodiments below.
- the fuel gas member 271 is provided with first to eighth insertion holes 281 to 288 in the same arrangement as in the first embodiment.
- the numbers of the first to eighth insertion holes are the same as those of the air member).
- the first insertion hole 281 is a flow path for introducing fuel gas into the second groove 269
- the sixth insertion hole 286 is a flow path for discharging fuel gas from the second groove 269.
- the second groove 269 is provided on one side (back side: see FIG. 14D) of the fuel gas member 271 in the plate thickness direction, and the second groove 269 is formed at the center of the fuel gas member 271.
- a central groove 269a formed in the portion, a second introduction groove 269b communicating with the central groove 269a and the first insertion hole 281 and a second discharge groove 269c communicating with the central groove 269a and the sixth insertion hole 286 are provided. Have.
- the central groove 269a has a rectangular (square prism shape) protruding portion in plan view so that the central groove 269a is not filled with adjacent members and has the same height as the depth of the central groove 269a.
- Many 270 are formed.
- the protrusions 270 are arranged so that the longitudinal direction is aligned in the vertical direction of FIG. 14D so as to guide the flow of the fuel gas to the discharge side. That is, the projecting portion 266 of the air member 267 and the projecting portion 270 of the fuel gas member 271 are arranged so as to be perpendicular to each other in plan view.
- the fuel cell 261 provided with the heat exchanger 263 will be described.
- the fuel cell 261 of the present embodiment is similar to the first embodiment in that the central portion in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack 291, that is, the upper fuel cell stack 291a and the lower fuel cell.
- a heat exchanger 263 is disposed between the stack 291b.
- four layers of power generation cells 273 are stacked on one side (upper side of FIG. 15A) of the heat exchanger 263 in which the air member 267 and the fuel gas member 271 are stacked, and the other side (FIG. 15B).
- four layers of power generation cells 273 are stacked on the lower side.
- an air introduction passage 293 formed in the outer periphery of the fuel cell 261 so as to extend in the stacking direction inside the fuel cell 261 is provided.
- the air introduction flow path 293 communicates with the third insertion hole 283 of the air member 267.
- the air introduced into the third insertion hole 283 of the air member 267 is heated (by heat exchange) when passing through the first groove 265 which is the first air flow path.
- the heated air is passed through the eighth insertion hole 288, and is similar to the first embodiment (formed to extend in the stacking direction inside the fuel cell 261), and the second air flow path 295. And is supplied from the second flow path 295 to the air flow path 297 of each power generation cell 273. Thereafter, it is discharged to the outside in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15B schematically shows the flow of air when viewed from the stacking direction.
- the heated air that has passed through the air member 267 from the third insertion hole 283 and was supplied to the eighth insertion hole 288 is shown in FIG. Passes through the second flow path 295, is introduced into the air flow path 297 through a predetermined flow path (through long hole: not shown) in each power generation cell 273, and is discharged to the outside through the fourth insertion hole 284.
- the air flow in the power generation cell 273 is indicated by a mesh arrow.
- the outer periphery of the fuel cell 261 is for the fuel gas formed so as to extend in the stacking direction inside the fuel cell 261.
- An introduction flow path 301 is provided, and the fuel gas introduction flow path 301 communicates with the first insertion hole 281 of the fuel gas member 271.
- the fuel gas introduced into the first insertion hole 281 of the fuel gas member 271 passes through the second groove 269 which is the first flow path for fuel gas (by heat exchange). ) Heated. Thereafter, the heated fuel gas is discharged through the sixth insertion hole 286 to the second flow path 303 for fuel gas (formed so as to extend in the stacking direction inside the fuel cell 261). It is supplied from the second flow path 303 to the fuel gas flow path 305 of each power generation cell 273. Thereafter, it is discharged to the outside in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 16B schematically shows the flow of the fuel gas when viewed from the stacking direction, but after heating through the fuel gas member 271 from the first insertion hole 281 and supplied to the sixth insertion hole 286.
- the fuel gas passes through the second flow path 303, is introduced into the fuel gas flow path 305 through a predetermined flow path (through long hole: not shown) in each power generation cell 273, and passes through the second insertion hole 282. It is discharged outside.
- the flow of fuel gas in the power generation cell 273 is indicated by hatched arrows.
- the heat exchanger 263 is divided into the first groove 265 that is the first flow path for air and the second groove 269 that is the first flow path for fuel gas. It is provided. Therefore, when air and fuel gas having a temperature lower than that of the center portion of the fuel cell stack 291 are supplied from the outside to the first flow paths of the heat exchanger 263, the air and fuel gas are heated by the adjacent power generation cells 273 and heat. As a result, the temperature rises and the temperature of the adjacent power generation cell 273 falls. The air and fuel gas whose temperature has been increased by heat exchange is supplied to the power generation cell 273 on the end side in the stacking direction.
- the air and fuel gas The temperature rises.
- the temperature on the center side decreases and the temperature on the end side increases, so that the temperature in the stacking direction becomes uniform.
- heat exchange with both the low-temperature air and the fuel gas is performed by the heat exchanger 263 arranged at the center of the high temperature, so that the temperature on the center side can be more efficiently lowered.
- the temperature of the end side can be increased by supplying the air and the fuel gas whose temperature has been increased by heat exchange to the end side where the temperature is low. As a result, the temperature in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack 291 is made uniform, so that the power generation efficiency is further improved (as compared to the first embodiment).
- the first groove 265 of the air member 267 and the second groove 269 of the fuel gas member 271 are provided on the same side in the stacking direction.
- the first groove 313 of the air member 311 and the second groove 317 of the fuel gas member 315 may be provided on the opposite side (upper and lower sides in the figure) in the stacking direction.
- the interconnectors 319 of the adjacent power generation cells 271 are joined by, for example, brazing so as to cover the first groove 313 and the second groove 317.
- the fuel cell of the present embodiment is a heat exchanger having an air member and a fuel gas member, and a third part of the first air flow path is formed on the air member side of the fuel gas member. A groove is provided.
- the heat exchanger 323 used in the fuel cell 321 of the present embodiment is an air flow path (a first flow path for air) as in the seventh embodiment.
- the cells 333 are stacked in the stacking direction.
- the air member 327 and the fuel gas member 331 of the heat exchanger 323 are such that the first groove 325 of the air member 327 and the second groove 329 of the fuel gas member 331 are on the same side in the stacking direction (
- the lower layers in FIG. 18 are stacked and joined and integrated by brazing, for example.
- interconnector 335 of the adjacent power generation cell 333 is joined to the second groove 329 side of the fuel gas member 331 so as to cover the opening side of the second groove 329, for example, by brazing.
- a third groove 337 is formed on the air member 327 side of the fuel gas member 331 so as to communicate with a part of the first groove 325 of the air member 327. That is, in a part of the air flow paths, that is, in the air introduction portion (first introduction groove 325b) and the discharge portion (first discharge groove 325c) shown in the left and right ends of FIG.
- the first groove 325 (325b, 325c) and the third groove 337 (337a, 337b) are integrated to form an air flow path having a larger cross-sectional area than the other first grooves 325.
- the fuel gas member 331 has a third groove 337 on the air substrate 327 side (front side: see FIG. 19C) so as to communicate with the third insertion hole 343.
- a certain 3a groove 337a is formed obliquely toward the center of the figure.
- the 3a groove 337a is formed so as to overlap with the first introduction groove 325b of the first groove 325 of the air member 327 shown in FIG. 19B, whereby the 3a groove 337a and the first introduction groove 325b are separated from each other. Together, it forms a flow path for air (for introduction).
- a central groove 329a is formed in a corresponding portion (oblique portion 331a) on the back side of the fuel gas member 331 (see FIG. 19D).
- the air gas substrate 327 side (front side) of the fuel gas member 331 has a third b groove 337b which is another third groove 337 so as to communicate with the eighth insertion hole 348. It is formed in the lateral direction toward the center of the figure.
- the third b groove 337b is formed so as to overlap with the first discharge groove 325c of the first groove 325 of the air member 327 shown in FIG. 19B, and thereby, the third b groove 337b and the first discharge groove 325c are separated from each other. Together, it forms a flow path for air (for discharge).
- a central groove 329a is formed at a corresponding position (protruding portion 331b) on the back side of the fuel gas member 331 (see FIG. 19D). It has not been.
- the same effect as in the seventh embodiment is obtained, and the third groove 337 communicating with a part of the first groove 325 is formed on the front side of the fuel gas member 331.
- the fuel cell of the present embodiment is a single plate-like heat exchanger in which a first flow path for air and a first flow path for fuel gas are provided on both sides in the plate thickness direction. .
- the heat exchanger 353 used in the fuel cell 351 of the present embodiment has one side (front side: upper side in the figure) of a single plate member (plate-like member) 355.
- a first groove 357 which is an air flow path (first flow path for air) is formed, and a fuel gas flow path (fuel gas first flow path) is formed on the other side (back side: the lower side of the figure).
- the second groove 359 that is one flow path) is formed.
- interconnectors 361 of the adjacent power generation cells are joined by, for example, brazing so as to cover the opening sides of the first groove 357 and the second groove 359 of the plate material 355.
- the depth of the first groove 357 (which is a flow path of air) is the depth of the second groove 359 (which is a flow path of fuel gas).
- the depth of the first groove is increased by reducing the depth of the second groove 359 in part (a portion where air is introduced into the first groove 357). It is set.
- first to eighth insertion holes 371 to 378 are formed in the plate material 355 of the heat exchanger 353 as in the seventh embodiment.
- the front side of the plate member 355 communicates with the third insertion hole 373 (air is introduced) and the eighth insertion hole 378 (air is discharged) as an air flow path.
- a first groove 357 is formed.
- the central portion (excluding the square frame portion 356 of the outer peripheral portion) on the front side of the plate member 355 is cut into a square shape except for the projecting portion 358 having a square shape (square column shape) in plan view.
- a flow path (first groove 357) is formed.
- a first insertion hole 371 to which fuel gas is introduced
- a sixth insertion hole 376 to which fuel gas is discharged
- the center part on the back side of the plate member 355 is cut into a square shape except for the projection 360 having a square shape (square column shape) in a plan view, like the front side, and the fuel gas flow path (second groove 359). ) Is formed.
- the present embodiment has the same effect as the seventh embodiment, and the first groove 357 and the second groove 359 are formed on both sides of the plate member 355. Therefore, the heat exchanger 353 is downsized (thinly thinned). ) Has the advantage of being able to.
- the grooves 357 and 359 are formed on both sides of the single plate member 355 to form the first flow paths for the respective gases, the configuration can be simplified, and thus the manufacture thereof can be facilitated and the cost can be reduced. There is an effect.
- Example 10 description of the content similar to the said Example 7 is abbreviate
- the fuel cell of this example uses a plurality of heat exchangers used in Example 7. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 22, heat exchangers 407 and 413 similar to those in the seventh embodiment are separately arranged at different locations in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack 401.
- a heat exchanger 407 including an air member 403 and a fuel gas member 405 is disposed between the upper fuel cell stack 401a and the middle fuel cell stack 401b, and the middle fuel cell stack 401b and the lower fuel cell stack 401c are In the middle, another heat exchanger 413 composed of an air member 409 and a fuel gas member 411 is disposed.
- the same effects as those of the seventh embodiment can be obtained, and since a plurality of heat exchangers 403 and 407 are used, there is an advantage that heat exchange efficiency is high.
- the heat exchangers described in the eighth to ninth embodiments may be used, and three or more heat exchangers may be used.
- Example 11 description of the content similar to the said Example 7 is abbreviate
- the air member and the fuel gas member of the heat exchanger used in Example 7 are used separately.
- the air member 423 and the fuel gas member 427 are arranged at different positions in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack 421.
- an air member 423 is disposed between the upper fuel cell stack 421a and the middle fuel cell stack 421b, and a fuel gas member is disposed between the middle fuel cell stack 421b and the lower fuel cell stack 421c. 427 is arranged.
- the opening side (downward in the figure) of the first groove 429 of the air member 423 is closed by the adjacent interconnector 431.
- the fuel gas The opening side (lower side in the figure) of the second groove 433 of the member 427 is closed by another adjacent interconnector 435.
- channel 433 may be either up and down, and the number of the members 423 for air and the members 427 for fuel gas to be used may be plural.
- both the air member 427 and the fuel gas member 429 are not used, but only the air member 428 is used for the fuel cell stack 422, for example, as shown in FIG. 23C. May be.
- the air supplied to the fuel cell stack 422 is larger than the fuel gas, even if only the air member 428 is used, a sufficient effect as a heat exchanger can be obtained. Further, when a plurality of air members 428 are used, a greater effect can be obtained.
- the present embodiment exemplifies a gas flow path (by a bolt and an insertion hole) that can be applied to each of the embodiments described above.
- the stacking direction is changed.
- a plurality of insertion holes 447 are provided so as to penetrate, and bolts 449 are inserted through the insertion holes 447.
- the bolts 449 are screwed into nuts 455 and 457 via spacers 451 and 453 (having a gas seal function) at both ends thereof, and the fuel cell stack 445 is fastened and fixed.
- the bolt 449 is a solid bar, and a groove 459 extending from the tip to the insertion hole 447 is formed along the axial direction on the tip (the same figure) side.
- a through-hole 461 serving as a gas flow path is formed in the nut 455 on one side (upper side in the figure) in the axial direction.
- a cylindrical space 463 serving as a gas flow path is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the bolt 449 and the inner peripheral surface of the insertion hole 447 by the spacers 451 and 453.
- a gas for example, oxidant gas
- a gas for example, oxidant gas
- FIG. 24B As a modification, the configuration shown in FIG. 24B can also be used.
- bolts 475 are inserted into the insertion holes 473 of the fuel cell stack 471, and nuts 477 and 479 are screwed into the bolts 475 to fasten and fix the fuel cell stack 471. ing.
- the bolt 475 is a hollow bar, and a center hole 481 is formed at the center of the shaft so as to reach the lower part from the tip (upward in the figure).
- the center hole 481 is open on the front end side and closed on the rear end side, and a large number of lateral holes 483 that are open to the side are provided in the central portion.
- a through hole 485 serving as a gas flow passage is formed in the axial direction in the nut 477 on one side (upper side in the figure), and the through hole 485 and the center hole 481 of the bolt 475 communicate with each other. Further, a cylindrical space 487 serving as a gas flow path is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the bolt 475 and the inner peripheral surface of the insertion hole 473.
- a gas for example, oxidant gas
- a gas for example, oxidant gas
- the configurations of the above-described embodiments and modifications can also be used when fuel gas is introduced into the heat exchanger.
- the configuration of the gas flow path using the cylindrical space described above is used when each gas is introduced from the heat exchanger to each power generation cell, or when each gas discharged from the power generation cell is discharged to the outside. Can also be used.
- the bolt corresponds to an example of the insertion member
- the first groove and the second groove correspond to an example of the groove
- the air member corresponds to an example of the oxidant gas member.
- the Example of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said Example, A various aspect can be taken.
- the present invention can be applied to a fuel cell such as a solid polymer fuel cell in addition to a solid oxide fuel cell.
- the solid electrolyte layer (solid oxide) is exemplified as the electrolyte layer, but the present invention is also applied to a fuel cell using a solid polymer layer as the electrolyte layer. it can.
- the first flow path in the heat exchanger includes both a flow path for oxidant gas (for example, air) and a flow path for fuel gas, and one of the flow paths.
- oxidant gas for example, air
- fuel gas for example, hydrogen
- one of the flow paths only the path may be used, but the fact that it can be adopted as the structure of the flow path for the oxidant gas can be adopted as the structure of the flow path for the fuel gas and vice versa.
- the heat exchanger provided with the air flow path is taken as an example, but instead of the air flow path, a heat exchanger provided with a fuel gas flow path may be used.
- the first flow path for the fuel gas may be provided in the heat exchanger, and the second flow path may be provided in the fuel cell stack.
- the flow of each gas is, for example, as shown in FIG. A cross flow (flow intersecting) shown in FIG. 25, a coflow (parallel flow) shown in FIG. 25B, and a counter flow (opposite flow) shown in FIG. 25C can be adopted.
- each constituent member (interconnectors 43, 43a, 43b) in the cross-sectional view is not limited to the thickness ratio in each drawing.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
このSOFCでは、発電単位として、例えば固体電解質層の一方の側に燃料ガスに接する燃料極を設けるとともに、他方の側に酸化剤ガス(空気)と接する酸化剤極(空気極)を設けた燃料電池セル(発電セル)が使用されている。更に、所望の電圧を得るために、インターコネクタを介して複数の発電セルを積層したスタック(燃料電池スタック)が開発されている。
従って、第2局面の発明では、燃料電池スタックの中心部分(即ち熱交換器に隣接する発電セル)より温度の低い酸化剤ガス及び燃料ガスの両ガスが、外部から熱交換器の第1流路に供給されると、このガスは隣接する発電セルと熱交換して温度が上昇するとともに、隣接する発電セルの温度が低下する。そして、熱交換によって温度が上昇したガスは、積層方向にある(即ち外側(端部側)にある)発電セルに供給されるので、ガスが供給された発電セルでは、そのガスによって温度が上昇する。これにより、燃料電池スタックの積層方向において、その中心側の温度が低下するとともに端部側の温度が上昇するので、積層方向における温度が均一化する。
第3局面の発明は、熱交換器内の第1流路が、発電セルの面方向に沿って延びるように形成されているので、熱交換の効率が良いという利点がある。
第4局面の発明は、熱交換器内の第1流路は、表面の溝によって形成されているので、第1流路の構造を簡易化でき、よって、その製造が容易であるという利点がある。
第5局面の発明は、熱交換器が、積層方向において燃料電池スタックの中心部に配置されているので、温度の高い中心部を効率良く冷却することができる。
(6)本発明の第6局面の燃料電池は、前記熱交換器は、前記積層方向において、異なる位置に二つ以上に設けられている。
第7局面の発明は、第1流路が圧損体構造(出口側で流路が小さくなる構造)を有するように構成されているので、第1流路内の圧力を高めることができる。これにより、燃料電池スタックを積層方向に押圧することができるので、発電セル同士を強く密着することができる。よって、発電セル間の伝熱性や電気接続性を高めることができる。
(11)本発明の第11局面の燃料電池は、前記酸化剤ガス用部材の前記第1溝と前記燃料ガス用部材の前記第2溝とは、何れも前記積層方向における一方の側(例えば、何れも上方の側、又は、何れも下方の側)に開口するように、それぞれ形成されている。
(12)本発明の第12局面の燃料電池は、前記酸化剤ガス用部材の前記第1溝が形成されている側に、前記燃料ガス用部材が積層されるとともに、前記燃料ガス用部材の前記酸化剤ガス用部材側に、前記酸化剤ガス用部材の第1溝と連通する第3溝が形成されている。
(16)本発明の第16局面の燃料電池は、前記燃料電池スタックには、該燃料電池スタックを厚み方向に貫く挿通部材を備えるとともに、該挿通部材の内部に、前記第2流路の少なくとも一部が形成されている。
なお、本発明の他の局面の燃料電池として、下記の構成を採用することもできる。
燃料ガスとしては、水素、還元剤となる炭化水素、水素と炭化水素との混合ガス、及びこれらのガスを所定温度の水中を通過させ加湿した燃料ガス、これらのガスに不活性ガスを混合させた燃料ガス等が挙げられる。炭化水素は特に限定されず、例えば、天然ガス、ナフサ、石炭ガス化ガス等が挙げられる。この燃料ガスとしては水素が好ましい。これらの燃料ガスは1種のみを用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用することもできる。また、50体積%以下の窒素及びアルゴン等の不活性ガスを含有していてもよい。
3、123、153、183、213、273、333、441…発電セル
5、125、155、185、215、291、401、421、422、445、471…燃料電池スタック
7、127、129、157、187、217、243、263、323、353、407、413、443、489…熱交換器
33…燃料極
35…固体酸化物体(固体電解質体)
37…空気極
39…空気流路
43…インターコネクタ
45、51…ガスシール部
47…セパレータ
49…燃料極フレーム
53…燃料極側集電体
55…空気極側集電体
61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、131、133、159、161、247、249、251、281、282、283、284、285、286、287、288、341、342、343、344、345、346、347、348、371、372、373、374、375、376、377、378、447、473…挿通孔
114、138、140、174、204、234…第1流路
197、227…カバー部材
205、235…連通空間
図1及び図2に示す様に、本実施例の固体酸化物形燃料電池(以下単に燃料電池と記す)1は、燃料ガス(例えば水素)と酸化剤ガス(例えば空気)との供給を受けて発電を行う装置である。なお、図面においては、酸化剤ガスは「O」で示し、燃料ガスは「F」で示す。また、「IN」はガスが導入されることを示し、「OUT」はガスが排出されることを示す(以下同様)。
一方、他のボルト12、13、16、17、18は、燃料電池スタック5の固定に用いられるとともに、ガスを流通させる流路に沿って配置されている。即ち、後に詳述する様に(図4参照)、第3ボルト13、第7ボルト17、第8ボルト18が、それぞれ貫挿される第3挿通孔63、第7挿通孔67、第8挿通孔68は、空気の流路として用いられ、第2ボルト12、第6ボルト16が、それぞれ貫挿される第2挿通孔62、第6挿通孔66は、燃料ガスの流路として用いられる。
図3に分解して示す様に、前記発電セル3は、いわゆる燃料極支持膜形タイプの板状の発電セルであり、燃料ガス流路31側には、板状の燃料極(アノード)33が配置されるとともに、燃料極33の図3上側の表面には、(電解質層である)薄膜の固体電解質体(固体酸化物体)35が形成されている。その固体酸化物体35の空気流路39側の表面には、薄膜の空気極(カソード)37が形成されている。なお、燃料極33と固体酸化物体35と空気極37とをセル本体41と称する。
b)以下に、発電セル3を構成する各部材について、図4に基づいて更に詳細に説明する。
図4に分解して示す様に、前記インターコネクタ43は、例えばフェライト系ステンレスからなる板材であり、その外縁部には、前記ボルト11~18が貫挿される丸孔である挿通孔(第1~第8挿通孔)61~68が、等間隔に形成されている。つまり、インターコネクタ43の四隅と各辺の中点に対応する位置に、8箇所に挿通孔61~68(なお、各部材における挿通孔には同じ番号を付す:以下同様)が形成されている。
また、前記セパレータ47は、例えばフェライト系ステンレスからなる枠状の板状であり、その中心の正方形の開口部79には、開口部79を閉塞するように前記セル本体41が接合されている。
図5に示す様に、本実施形態の燃料電池1では、燃料電池スタック5は、複数(例えば4個)の平板状の発電セル3が積層された上燃料電池スタック5aと、複数(例えば4個)の平板状の発電セル3が積層された下燃料電池スタック5bとの間に、平板状の熱交換器7が積層されたものである。即ち、燃料電池スタック5の積層方向における中心部分(中心部)に、熱交換器7が配置されたものである。
ここで、熱交換器7の開口部113における空気の流路は、発電セル3の面方向に沿って延びるように形成されている。
d)次に、本実施例におけるガスの流路について、前記図4及び図5に基づいて説明する。
図4及び図5に示す様に、前記空気導入管25から燃料電池スタック5の積層方向(両図の上下方向)に沿って上燃料電池スタック5a内に導入された空気は、第7ボルト17が挿通される第7挿通孔67を介して熱交換器7に到り、その連通孔67aを通って熱交換器7の内部(開口部113)に導入される。
この熱交換器7においては、熱交換器7の開口部113内の空気と、その積層方向の両側の上燃料電池スタック5a(特に下端の発電セル3)及び下燃料電池スタック5b(特に上端の発電セル3)との熱交換が行われる。
第3挿通孔63に導入された空気は、第3挿通孔63に沿って積層方向の両側(両図の上下方向)に分岐して案内され、それぞれ、上燃料電池スタック5a及び下燃料電池スタック5bの各発電セル3の空気流路39に導入される。
その後、この第3貫通長孔73に案内された空気は、第8挿通孔68を通って、図4の上方に導かれ、空気排出管27(図1参照)から外部に排出される。
前記燃料ガス導入管21(図1参照)から燃料電池スタック5内に導入された燃料ガスは、図4に示す様に、第2挿通孔62を介して、各部材の第1貫通長孔71、81、91、101によって構成される空間に導入される。
その後、発電セル3内にて発電に寄与した残余の燃料ガスは、切り欠き105bを介して、各部材の第2貫通長孔72、82、92、102によって構成される空間に排出される。
本実施例の燃料電池1を製造する場合には、前記図2に示す様に、複数の発電セル3を重ね会わせて、それぞれ上燃料電池スタック5aと下燃料電池スタック5bとを構成するとともに、上燃料電池スタック5aと下燃料電池スタック5bとの間に熱交換器7を配置し、それらを(第1~第8挿通孔61~68が一致するように)重ね合わせ、その挿通孔61~68にボルト11~18を挿通してナット19で固定して一体化する。
・本実施例では、燃料電池スタック5を構成する発電セル3の間に熱交換器7を備えており、この熱交換器7には外部から供給された空気を通過させる第1流路114を備えている。また、第1流路114の出口側には、第1流路114から排出された空気を積層方向に配置された発電セル3に供給する第3挿通孔63を有する流路(第2流路)が接続されている。
・本実施例では、熱交換器7内の第1流路114は、発電セル3の面方向に沿って延びるように形成されているので、熱交換の効率が良いという利点がある。
・本実施例では、熱交換器7は、積層方向において燃料電池スタック5の中心部に配置されているので、温度の高い中心部を効率良く冷却することができる。
・本実施例では、第1流路114が圧損体構造を有するように構成されているので、第1流路114内の圧力を、発電セル3内のガスの圧力と比べて、高めることができる。これにより、燃料電池スタック5を積層方向に押圧することができるので、発電セル3同士を強く密着することができる。よって、発電セル3間の伝熱性や電気接続性を高めることができる。
本実施例の燃料電池は、燃料電池スタックの積層方向において、2箇所に熱交換器が配置されたものである。
図7に示す様に、本実施例の燃料電池121は、7個の(実施例1と同様な)発電セル123が積層された燃料電池スタック125を備えるとともに、燃料電池スタック125の積層方向における2箇所に、実施例1と同様な熱交換器127、129が配置されたものである。
b)次に、本実施例における空気の流路について説明する。
次に、熱交換によって温度が上昇した空気は、それぞれ(第7挿通孔131の平面における対角線方向に位置する第2流路である)第3挿通孔133に導入される。
c)本実施例では、前記実施例1と同様な効果を奏するとともに、熱交換器127、129は、燃料電池スタック125の積層方向において、異なる位置に二箇所に設けられているので、それぞれの熱交換器127、129において空気と発電セル123との間で熱交換を行うことができ、よって、一層、積層方向における温度分布を均一化することができるという顕著な効果を奏する。
本実施例の燃料電池は、熱交換により加熱された空気を、燃料電池スタックの積層方向の外側の発電セルから内側の発電セルに順番に供給するものである。
図8に示す様に、本実施例の燃料電池151は、8個の(実施例1と同様な)発電セル153が積層された燃料電池スタック155を備えるとともに、燃料電池155の積層方向における中心に、実施例1と同様な熱交換器157が配置されたものである。
また、第3発電セル153cの空気流路163cの排出側と、第4発電セル153dの空気流路163dの導入側とは、垂直連通孔165cによって接続されている。
また、その他の構成、例えば他の挿通孔などについては、基本的に実施例1と同様であるので、その説明は省略する。
前記図8に示す様に、空気は、前記空気導入管171から燃料電池スタック155の積層方向(図8の上下方向)に沿って燃料電池スタック155内、即ち、第7挿通孔159内に導入される。
そして、この熱交換器157にて、実施例1と同様に、上下の発電セル153との間で熱交換が行われ、空気が加熱される。
次に、第3挿通孔161に導入された空気は、第3挿通孔161に沿って積層方向(図8の上下方向)に分岐して案内され、それぞれ、上燃料電池スタック155a及び下燃料電池スタック155bの両端の第1、第8発電セル153a、153hの空気流路163a、163hに導入される。
次に、第3発電セル153cの空気極にて発電のために利用された空気は、垂直連通孔165cを通って、第4発電セル153dの空気流路163dに導入される。
本実施例の燃料電池は、熱交換により加熱された空気を、一旦燃料電池スタック外に出してから、各発電セルに供給するものである。
a)まず、本実施例の燃料電池の構成について説明する。
図10に示す様に、本実施例の燃料電池181は、8個の(実施例1と同様な)平板状の発電セル183が積層された燃料電池スタック185を備えるとともに、燃料電池スタック185の積層方向における中心に、実施例1と同様な平板状の熱交換器187が配置されたものである。つまり、上燃料電池スタック185aと下燃料電池スタック185bとの間に、熱交換器187が配置されている。
b)次に、本実施例における空気の流路について説明する。
図10に示す様に、空気は、熱交換器187の空気の導入口201(同図左側)から、その内部(開口部203を含む第1流路204)に導入される。
次に、熱交換によって温度が上昇した空気は、排出口195から、カバー部材197で覆われた第2流路である連通空間205に導入される。
なお、燃料ガスについては、紙面方向に供給されればよい。例えば、実施例1の燃料ガスと同様な流路を用いることができる。
本実施例の燃料電池は、熱交換により加熱された燃料ガスを、一旦燃料電池スタック外に出してから、各発電セルに供給するものである。
a)まず、本実施例の燃料電池の構成について説明する。
図11に示す様に、本実施例の燃料電池211は、8個の(実施例1と同様な)平板状の発電セル213が積層された燃料電池スタック215を備えるとともに、燃料電池スタック215の積層方向における中心に、実施例1と同様な平板状の熱交換器217が配置されたものである。つまり、上燃料電池スタック215aと下燃料電池スタック215bとの間に、熱交換器217が配置されている。
b)次に、本実施例における燃料ガスの流路について説明する。
図11に示す様に、燃料ガスは、熱交換器217の燃料ガスの導入口231(同図左側)から、その内部(開口部233を含む第1流路234)に導入される。
次に、熱交換によって温度が上昇した燃料ガスは、排出口225から、カバー部材227で覆われた第2流路である連通空間235に導入される。
なお、空気については、紙面方向に供給されればよい。例えば、実施例1の燃料ガスと同様な流路を用いることができる。
本実施例の燃料電池は、熱交換器の内部構造のみが異なるので、異なる点のみを説明する。
本実施例においても、前記実施例1とほぼ同様な効果を奏する。
本実施例の燃料電池は、熱交換器に酸化剤ガス(空気)用の第1流路と燃料ガス用の第1流路とがそれぞれ区分されて設けられたものである。
図13に模式的に示す様に、本実施例の燃料電池261で使用される熱交換器263は、板状の部材であり、空気の流路(空気用の第1流路)である第1溝265を有する板状の空気用部材267と、燃料ガスの流路(燃料ガス用の第1流路)である第2溝269を有する板状の燃料ガス用部材271とを、発電セル273の積層方向(板厚方向)に積層したものである。
次に、熱交換器263の流路について詳細に説明する。
図15A-15Bに模式的に示す様に、本実施例の燃料電池261は、前記実施例1と同様に、燃料電池スタック291の積層方向における中央部分、即ち上燃料電池スタック291aと下燃料電池スタック291bとの間に熱交換器263が配置されたものである。
従って、燃料電池スタック291の中心部分より温度の低い空気及び燃料ガスが、外部から熱交換器263の各第1流路に供給されると、この空気及び燃料ガスは隣接する発電セル273と熱交換して温度が上昇するとともに、隣接する発電セル273の温度が低下する。そして、熱交換によって温度が上昇した空気及び燃料ガスは、積層方向の端部側の発電セル273に供給されるので、空気及び燃料ガスが供給された発電セル273では、その空気及び燃料ガスによって温度が上昇する。これにより、燃料電池スタック291の積層方向において、その中心側の温度が低下するとともに端部側の温度が上昇するので、積層方向における温度が均一化する。
本実施例の燃料電池は、空気用部材と燃料ガス用部材を備えた熱交換器において、燃料ガス用部材の空気用部材側に、空気用の第1流路の一部を構成する第3溝を設けたものである。
図19A-19Bに示す様に、空気用部材327については、その板厚方向の両側の形状(従って空気の流路)は、前記実施例7と同様であり、また、同様に、第1~第8挿通孔341~348が形成されている。
本実施例の燃料電池は、単一の板状の熱交換器において、その板厚方向の両側に、空気用の第1流路と燃料ガス用の第1流路とを設けたものである。
図21A-21Dに示す様に、熱交換器353の板材355には、前記実施例7と同様に、第1~第8挿通孔371~378が形成されている。
本実施例の燃料電池は、前記実施例7で用いた熱交換器を複数使用するものである。
具体的には、図22に示す様に、燃料電池スタック401の積層方向において、異なる箇所に、前記実施例7と同様な各熱交換器407、413を別々に配置する。
なお、前記実施例7と同様な熱交換器ではなく、前記実施例8~9に記載の熱交換器を用いてもよく、用いる熱交換器の数も3個以上使用してもよい。
本実施例の燃料電池は、前記実施例7で用いた熱交換器の空気用部材と燃料ガス用部材とを分離して使用するものである。
例えば、燃料電池スタック421において、上燃料電池スタック421aと中燃料電池スタック421bとの間に空気用部材423を配置し、中燃料電池スタック421bと下燃料電池スタック421cとの間に燃料ガス用部材427を配置する。
なお、第1溝429、第2溝433の開口側は、上下どちらでもよく、また、使用する空気用部材423や燃料ガス用部材427の個数は複数でもよい。
本実施例は、上述した各実施例に適用できる(ボルト及び挿通孔による)ガス流路を例示したものである。
この変形例では、前記実施例と同様に、燃料電池スタック471の挿通孔473に、ボルト475が挿通され、このボルト475にナット477、479が螺合して燃料電池スタック471を締め付けて固定している。
更に、ボルト475の外周面と挿通孔473の内周面との間に、ガスの流路となる筒状の空間487が形成されている。
ボルトが挿通部材の一例に相当し、第1溝、第2溝が溝の一例に相当し、空気用部材が酸化剤ガス用部材の一例に相当する。
(1)例えば、本発明は、固体酸化物形燃料電池以外に、固体高分子形燃料電池等の燃料電池に適用できる。
Claims (16)
- 電解質層と、該電解質層を隔てて配置された空気極及び燃料極とを有し、酸化剤ガス及び燃料ガスを用いて発電する平板状の発電セルが、該発電セルの厚み方向に沿って複数個で積層された燃料電池スタックと、
前記積層方向において、隣り合う二つの前記発電セルの間に該発電セルに接触して設けられ、外部から供給される前記酸化剤ガス又は前記燃料ガスを通過させる第1流路を内部に備える熱交換器と、
前記熱交換器の前記第1流路の出口側と前記各発電セルの前記空気極側又は前記燃料極側とに接続され、前記第1流路を通過した前記酸化剤ガス又は前記燃料ガスを、前記熱交換器の前記積層方向における両側の前記各発電セルの前記空気極側又は前記燃料極側に供給する第2流路と、
を有する燃料電池。 - 電解質層と、該電解質層を隔てて配置された空気極及び燃料極とを有し、酸化剤ガス及び燃料ガスを用いて発電する平板状の発電セルが、該発電セルの厚み方向に沿って複数個で積層された燃料電池スタックと、
前記積層方向において、隣り合う二つの前記発電セルの間に該発電セルに接触して設けられ、外部から供給される前記酸化剤ガスを通過させる酸化剤ガス用の第1流路と、前記外部から供給される前記燃料ガスを通過させる燃料ガス用の第1流路と、を備える熱交換器と、
前記熱交換器の前記酸化剤ガス用の第1流路の出口側と前記各発電セルの前記空気極側とに接続されるともに、前記酸化剤ガス用の第1流路を通過した酸化剤ガスを前記熱交換器の前記積層方向における両側の前記各発電セルの前記空気極側に供給する酸化剤ガス用の第2流路と、
前記熱交換器の前記燃料ガス用の第1流路の出口側と前記各発電セルの前記燃料極側とに接続されるとともに、前記燃料ガス用の第1流路を通過した燃料ガスを前記熱交換器の前記積層方向における両側の前記各発電セルの前記燃料極側に供給する燃料ガス用の第2流路と、
を有する燃料電池。 - 前記熱交換器に形成された前記第1流路は、平板状の前記発電セルの面方向に沿って延びるように形成されている請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記熱交換器の第1流路は、板状の部材の表面に形成された溝によって構成されている請求項3に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記熱交換器は、前記積層方向において前記燃料電池スタックの中心部に配置されている請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記熱交換器は、前記積層方向において、異なる位置に二つ以上に設けられている請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記熱交換器の前記第1流路は、前記酸化剤ガス及び前記燃料ガスの少なくとも一方のガスの流出状態を規制する圧損体構造を有する請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第1流路の前記酸化剤ガス及び前記燃料ガスの少なくとも一方のガスの入口側と出口側とは、前記第1流路を前記積層方向から見て、最も離れた位置又は該最も離れた位置の近傍に形成されている請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記熱交換器は、前記酸化剤ガス用の第1流路である第1溝が形成された板状の酸化剤ガス用部材と、前記燃料ガス用の第1流路である第2溝が形成された板状の燃料ガス用部材とが、前記積層方向に積層されたものである請求項2~8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記酸化剤ガス用部材の前記第1溝は、前記積層方向における一方の側に開口し、前記燃料ガス用部材の前記第2溝は、前記積層方向における他方の側に開口するように形成されている請求項9に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記酸化剤ガス用部材の前記第1溝と前記燃料ガス用部材の前記第2溝とは、何れも前記積層方向における一方の側に開口するように、それぞれ形成されている請求項9に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記酸化剤ガス用部材の前記第1溝が形成されている側に、前記燃料ガス用部材が積層されるとともに、前記燃料ガス用部材の前記酸化剤ガス用部材側に、前記酸化剤ガス用部材の第1溝と連通する第3溝が形成されている請求項11に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記熱交換器は、板状の部材の前記積層方向における一方の側に、前記酸化剤ガス用の第1溝が形成されるとともに、前記板状の部材の前記積層方向における他方の側に、前記燃料ガス用の第2溝が形成されたものである請求項2~7のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第2流路の少なくとも一部は、前記燃料電池スタック内において、前記積層方向に延びるように形成された流路部分で構成されている請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記燃料電池スタックには、該燃料電池スタックを厚み方向に貫く挿通孔を備えるとともに、該挿通孔には挿通部材が挿通されており、前記挿通孔の内周面と前記挿通部材の外周面との間に、前記第2流路の少なくとも一部が形成されている請求項14に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記燃料電池スタックには、該燃料電池スタックを厚み方向に貫く挿通部材を備えるとともに、該挿通部材の内部に、前記第2流路の少なくとも一部が形成されている請求項14に記載の燃料電池。
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK12846451T DK2775557T3 (da) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-10-31 | Brændselscelle |
EP12846451.8A EP2775557B1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-10-31 | Fuel cell |
CA2853969A CA2853969C (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-10-31 | Fuel cell with integrated heat exchanger |
JP2013519896A JP5636496B2 (ja) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-10-31 | 燃料電池 |
CN201280054113.9A CN103907233B (zh) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-10-31 | 燃料电池 |
KR1020147013405A KR101647570B1 (ko) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-10-31 | 연료전지 |
US14/355,766 US10224555B2 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-10-31 | Fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011241384 | 2011-11-02 | ||
JP2011-241384 | 2011-11-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013065757A1 true WO2013065757A1 (ja) | 2013-05-10 |
Family
ID=48192097
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/078219 WO2013065757A1 (ja) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-10-31 | 燃料電池 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10224555B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2775557B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5636496B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101647570B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103907233B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2853969C (ja) |
DK (1) | DK2775557T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013065757A1 (ja) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014156314A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-02 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
JP2014207120A (ja) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-10-30 | 株式会社東芝 | 固体酸化物形電気化学セルスタック構造体および水素電力貯蔵システム |
WO2015087913A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-18 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 燃料電池スタック及び燃料電池モジュール |
JP2015158969A (ja) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-09-03 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
JP5828468B1 (ja) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-12-09 | マグネクス株式会社 | 固体酸化物型燃料電池システム |
WO2016063647A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-20 | 2016-04-28 | 株式会社 東芝 | 電気化学セルスタック、および電力システム |
WO2016157880A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 平板型燃料電池 |
WO2016157879A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 平板型燃料電池 |
US9911987B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2018-03-06 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell stack |
WO2018083911A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-05-11 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 電気化学反応セルスタック |
JP2018533170A (ja) * | 2015-09-18 | 2018-11-08 | レインツ デッチタングス ゲー エム ベー ハー | 電気化学システム用セパレータプレート |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2942471C (en) | 2014-03-12 | 2022-03-29 | Ceres Intellectual Property Company Limited | Fuel cell stack assembly with active and inactive fuel cell stack repeat layers |
EP3035431B1 (de) | 2014-12-19 | 2019-04-24 | Hexis AG | Brennstoffzellenmodul und verfahren zum betrieb eines brennstoffzellenmoduls |
US9991501B2 (en) | 2015-01-05 | 2018-06-05 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Vent shield for a battery module |
KR101959469B1 (ko) * | 2015-07-31 | 2019-07-02 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 분리판, 및 이를 포함하는 연료전지 스택 |
WO2018225617A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-06 | 2018-12-13 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 電気化学反応セルスタック、インターコネクタ-電気化学反応単セル複合体および電気化学反応セルスタックの製造方法 |
KR102149078B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-26 | 2020-08-27 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 연료전지 스택 구조 |
JP7015197B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-26 | 2022-02-02 | 新光電気工業株式会社 | ループ型ヒートパイプ及びその製造方法 |
DE102018206574A1 (de) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-10-31 | Mahle International Gmbh | Stapelscheibenwärmetauscher |
US11355762B2 (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2022-06-07 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Cross-flow interconnect and fuel cell system including same |
JP7203668B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2023-01-13 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 電気化学モジュール、電気化学装置及びエネルギーシステム |
CN110112433B (zh) * | 2019-04-19 | 2022-02-18 | 天津大学 | 质子交换膜燃料电池阴极流场板 |
US20230307668A1 (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2023-09-28 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell stack assembly including heat sink inserts |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01163973A (ja) * | 1987-12-21 | 1989-06-28 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
JPH04181657A (ja) * | 1990-11-15 | 1992-06-29 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
JP2005005074A (ja) | 2003-06-11 | 2005-01-06 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2008108722A (ja) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-05-08 | Kyocera Corp | 燃料電池セルスタックおよび燃料電池 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61186169U (ja) | 1985-05-14 | 1986-11-20 | ||
WO2004038840A1 (ja) * | 2002-10-28 | 2004-05-06 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | 燃料電池 |
CA2664367A1 (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-10 | Kyocera Corporation | Fuel cell stack and fuel cell apparatus |
JP5064014B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-22 | 2012-10-31 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 固体酸化物形燃料電池システム |
KR100877714B1 (ko) * | 2007-03-23 | 2009-01-09 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 용융탄산염 연료전지의 냉각용 분리판, 이를 포함하는용융탄산염 연료전지 및 상기 냉각용 분리판을 이용한용융탄산염 연료전지의 냉각 방법 |
EP2291879B1 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2012-01-04 | Corning Inc. | Solid oxide fuel cell systems with heat exchangers |
SE533310C2 (sv) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-08-24 | Alfa Laval Corp Ab | Värmeväxlarplatta och värmeväxlare innefattande värmeväxlarplattor |
KR101065378B1 (ko) * | 2009-08-17 | 2011-09-16 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료전지 스택 및 이를 이용한 연료전지 시스템 |
-
2012
- 2012-10-31 EP EP12846451.8A patent/EP2775557B1/en active Active
- 2012-10-31 CA CA2853969A patent/CA2853969C/en active Active
- 2012-10-31 WO PCT/JP2012/078219 patent/WO2013065757A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-10-31 KR KR1020147013405A patent/KR101647570B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-10-31 DK DK12846451T patent/DK2775557T3/da active
- 2012-10-31 JP JP2013519896A patent/JP5636496B2/ja active Active
- 2012-10-31 CN CN201280054113.9A patent/CN103907233B/zh active Active
- 2012-10-31 US US14/355,766 patent/US10224555B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01163973A (ja) * | 1987-12-21 | 1989-06-28 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
JPH04181657A (ja) * | 1990-11-15 | 1992-06-29 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
JP2005005074A (ja) | 2003-06-11 | 2005-01-06 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2008108722A (ja) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-05-08 | Kyocera Corp | 燃料電池セルスタックおよび燃料電池 |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014156314A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-02 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
US10396389B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2019-08-27 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell stack |
US9911987B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2018-03-06 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell stack |
JP2014207120A (ja) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-10-30 | 株式会社東芝 | 固体酸化物形電気化学セルスタック構造体および水素電力貯蔵システム |
JP6093452B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-03-08 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 燃料電池スタック及び燃料電池モジュール |
WO2015087913A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-18 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 燃料電池スタック及び燃料電池モジュール |
US10181608B2 (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2019-01-15 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell stack and fuel cell module |
KR101822771B1 (ko) | 2013-12-11 | 2018-01-26 | 니혼도꾸슈도교 가부시키가이샤 | 연료전지 스택 및 연료전지 모듈 |
JP2015158969A (ja) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-09-03 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
WO2016063647A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-20 | 2016-04-28 | 株式会社 東芝 | 電気化学セルスタック、および電力システム |
JP2016081813A (ja) * | 2014-10-20 | 2016-05-16 | 株式会社東芝 | 電気化学セルスタック、および電力システム |
JP5828468B1 (ja) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-12-09 | マグネクス株式会社 | 固体酸化物型燃料電池システム |
JP2016194994A (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-17 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 平板型燃料電池 |
JP2016194995A (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-17 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 平板型燃料電池 |
WO2016157879A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 平板型燃料電池 |
WO2016157880A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 平板型燃料電池 |
JP2018533170A (ja) * | 2015-09-18 | 2018-11-08 | レインツ デッチタングス ゲー エム ベー ハー | 電気化学システム用セパレータプレート |
WO2018083911A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-05-11 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 電気化学反応セルスタック |
JPWO2018083911A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-11-08 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 電気化学反応セルスタック |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20150030949A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
CN103907233B (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
JPWO2013065757A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
US10224555B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
KR101647570B1 (ko) | 2016-08-10 |
KR20140084218A (ko) | 2014-07-04 |
EP2775557A1 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
JP5636496B2 (ja) | 2014-12-03 |
EP2775557A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
CN103907233A (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
CA2853969C (en) | 2016-10-04 |
DK2775557T3 (da) | 2019-11-04 |
CA2853969A1 (en) | 2013-05-10 |
EP2775557B1 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5636496B2 (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
KR101845598B1 (ko) | 연료 전지 | |
JP4505204B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP5180484B2 (ja) | 燃料電池スタック | |
CN107251300B (zh) | 平板型燃料电池 | |
US20060269821A1 (en) | Fuel cell | |
JP5981379B2 (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
CN107408717B (zh) | 平板型燃料电池 | |
JP5042507B2 (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
JP6228984B2 (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
JP4185734B2 (ja) | 燃料電池スタック | |
JP5249177B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP2003187838A (ja) | 燃料電池スタック | |
JP2004172004A (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
JP5840983B2 (ja) | 固体酸化物形燃料電池及び燃料電池ユニット | |
US11527765B2 (en) | Bipolar separator for a fuel cell | |
JP5665900B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用セパレータ | |
JP2018181405A (ja) | 燃料電池発電モジュール | |
JP6517600B2 (ja) | 燃料電池スタック |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201280054113.9 Country of ref document: CN |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013519896 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12846451 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2853969 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14355766 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20147013405 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012846451 Country of ref document: EP |