WO2011065175A1 - 応力計測装置及び応力計測方法 - Google Patents
応力計測装置及び応力計測方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011065175A1 WO2011065175A1 PCT/JP2010/069043 JP2010069043W WO2011065175A1 WO 2011065175 A1 WO2011065175 A1 WO 2011065175A1 JP 2010069043 W JP2010069043 W JP 2010069043W WO 2011065175 A1 WO2011065175 A1 WO 2011065175A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- model
- transmissive member
- light transmissive
- stress
- refractive index
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 167
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 114
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 117
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000001093 holography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012942 design verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 3
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012356 Product development Methods 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/247—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet using distributed sensing elements, e.g. microcapsules
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0443—Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
- G03H2001/0033—Adaptation of holography to specific applications in hologrammetry for measuring or analysing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a stress measuring apparatus and a stress measuring method for measuring a three-dimensional stress of a product, and more particularly, to a stress measuring apparatus and a stress measuring method using rapid prototyping.
- design verification using three-dimensional CAD and rapid prototyping (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “RP”) is given as product design verification.
- three-dimensional CAD refers to a tool for inputting a three-dimensional coordinate to construct a three-dimensional model.
- RP refers to a technique for quickly forming a prototype of a product having a design shape.
- CAD is generally used for designing such products as automobiles.
- designers can check 3D images on a computer screen, so workability is improved, and with the recent spread of RP, designers use real parts.
- a three-dimensional model having the shape of the object can be created in a much shorter time without creating a prototype. For this reason, the convenience and accuracy of design verification have improved significantly.
- RP model As an example of an RP device for creating a prototype modeled by RP (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “RP model”), for example, a liquid resin or the like based on three-dimensional CAD data is used as a laser beam.
- RP model a liquid resin or the like based on three-dimensional CAD data is used as a laser beam.
- stereolithography apparatuses that are cured by ultraviolet rays or ultraviolet rays.
- the photoelastic method is one of the effective methods in stress analysis. By applying an external force to the RP model, the state of the stress field generated inside the RP model can be measured.
- an RP model is formed using a photoelastic material having a property of causing birefringence by application of an external force. Then, the RP model is left for a predetermined time and at a constant temperature while applying a predetermined load (this process is referred to as “process 1”).
- process 2 the RP model is cut into a plurality of plate-like layers, and the stress field in each layer is measured using a known photoelasticity measuring device (this process is referred to as “process 2”).
- the stress field inside the RP model can be obtained three-dimensionally by substituting the two-dimensional stress field in each layer into the governing equation of elastic mechanics.
- the above-described method has a problem that enormous time and labor are required to measure the change over time of the three-dimensional stress field of the product.
- an image of a particle or region is picked up by a two-dimensional CCD camera with an objective lens focused on the particle or region to be detected mixed in the adhesive.
- the temporal position change of the particles is captured as an image.
- Japanese Patent Publication Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-350524 (published on December 22, 2005)”
- the object of the present invention is to measure the three-dimensional stress over time with high accuracy even when an RP model having a complicated shape is used when measuring three-dimensional stress using rapid prototyping (RP).
- RP rapid prototyping
- a stress measuring apparatus performs image processing on each of a plurality of particles dispersed inside a light transmissive member to which light is irradiated so that the inside of the light transmissive member.
- a stress measurement device that calculates each moving direction and moving amount, and measures the three-dimensional stress generated in the light transmissive member using the calculated results, refraction that matches the refractive index of the light transmissive member.
- the “load applying mechanism” applies a load to the light transmissive member
- various stress distributions such as a compressive stress, a shear stress, and a bending stress are realized in the light transmissive member.
- a load can be applied to the light transmissive member while immersing the light transmissive member to be subjected to stress measurement in a refractive index matching liquid having a refractive index that matches the refractive index.
- the stress measurement method performs image processing on each of a plurality of particles dispersed inside a light transmissive member irradiated with light, and determines each movement direction and amount of movement inside the light transmissive member.
- a refractive index matching liquid having a refractive index that matches a refractive index of the light transmissive member.
- a load can be applied to the light transmissive member while immersing the light transmissive member as a stress measurement target in a refractive index matching liquid having a refractive index that matches the refractive index.
- the stress measuring device of the present invention performs image processing on each of a plurality of particles dispersed inside the light transmissive member irradiated with light, and moves each direction inside the light transmissive member.
- a stress measurement device that calculates a three-dimensional stress generated in the light transmissive member by using the calculation result and the amount of movement, a refraction having a refractive index that matches the refractive index of the light transmissive member
- the rate matching liquid includes a holding unit that holds the light transmissive member while being immersed therein, and a load application mechanism that applies a load to the light transmissive member held by the holding unit.
- the stress measurement method performs image processing on each of a plurality of particles dispersed inside the light transmissive member irradiated with light, and moves each inside the light transmissive member.
- the refractive index matches a refractive index of the light transmissive member.
- the optically transparent member is held while being immersed in the refractive index matching liquid, and a load is applied to the optically transparent member immersed in the refractive index matching liquid while the inside of the optically transparent member is The time-dependent change of the three-dimensional stress generated in the measurement is measured.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating image data obtained by viewing the region indicated by C in FIGS. 8 and 9 from the y direction and image data viewed from the z direction.
- the stress measurement apparatus measures an internal stress field of an RP model using an RP model formed by three-dimensional CAD and RP technology.
- the stress measurement apparatus can measure a time-dependent change in the stress field generated inside the RP model while applying a load to the RP model.
- the three-dimensional CAD is a general-purpose CAD that forms a three-dimensional model of an object.
- the three-dimensional model formed by the three-dimensional CAD can faithfully reproduce the outline of the object as a solid model. Any technique known in the art can be applied to such CAD, regardless of its name.
- the RP technique is a technique for quickly forming an RP model having an outer shape of an object corresponding to input data.
- the RP technique is realized using, for example, an optical modeling apparatus that cures a liquid resin with laser light or ultraviolet rays. Any technique known in the art can be applied to the RP technique.
- the RP model is formed using a transparent material that transmits light.
- a transparent material for example, a transparent resin such as acrylic is preferably used.
- acrylic is preferably used.
- the present invention is not limited to such a resin.
- any photoelastic material may be used as long as it does not cause birefringence when an external force is applied.
- tracer particles particles
- Each of these tracer particles follows the displacement of each part of the RP model included, and moves together with each part.
- Particle Image Velocity A measurable particle image fluid velocimeter (Particle Image Velocity, hereinafter referred to as “PIV”) has been developed.
- PIV using this image processing technology is mostly mixed in the flow, and tracer particles that sufficiently follow the flow are irradiated with pulsed laser light to track their movement, and the movement of the tracer particle group using a video camera or the like.
- Shoot. This is based on the principle that an image obtained by photographing the distance traveled by the tracer particle group at a time interval sufficiently smaller than the time scale of the flow is obtained, and the velocity is obtained by dividing the travel distance by the minute photographing time interval.
- PIV measures the average fluid velocity within a certain range where a plurality of tracer particles exist, it is possible to determine spatially uniform measurement points by increasing the number of tracer particles. Therefore, PIV has an advantage that it is easy to obtain a spatial differential of speed. For these reasons, it can be said that PIV is a very effective means for measuring the speed and vorticity necessary for extracting the structure of the flow field.
- the stress measurement apparatus uses such a PIV analysis to measure a change with time of a stress field generated inside the RP model.
- a large number of tracer particles are dispersed in advance in the RP model. These many tracer particles do not move inside the RP model, and their positions inside the RP model are fixed. In addition, it is preferable that a large number of tracer particles be more uniformly distributed inside the RP model.
- the term “uniformly” in “uniformly distributed” means not only that it is completely uniform, but also includes cases where it can be said that it is substantially uniform. Specifically, when the relative movement distance ⁇ r represented by the following equation is used as an index of the degree to which the tracer particles are dispersed inside the RP model, the range of 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 1 is uniform. It can be said that they are distributed.
- ⁇ r when the relative movement distance ⁇ r is 1 or more, it is difficult to associate and track the particle images individually, and therefore it is necessary that ⁇ r ⁇ 1.
- 0 ⁇ r is set so that r max (maximum moving distance), N o (number of particles in the hologram reproduction volume), V o (one particle moves by the next time) in the above formula.
- the size of the potential region) and ⁇ are both derived from positive values.
- tracer particles may be dispersed in the portion that is the measurement target in the RP model than the portion that is not the measurement target, that is, the tracer particles may be locally concentrated in the measurement target portion.
- an RP model in which a large number of tracer particles are dispersed inside is used. Then, while applying a load to the RP model, the speed of a large number of tracer particles dispersed inside the RP model is obtained based on PIV analysis.
- the obtained velocity of each tracer particle represents the velocity of each part of the RP model, and as a result, the moving distance and moving direction in each part of the RP model can be measured.
- the stress measurement device Based on the results measured in this way, the stress measurement device according to an embodiment of the present invention measures the change over time of the stress field generated inside the RP model.
- the stress measuring device 100 is a three-dimensional stress measuring device using an in-line holographic imaging system using one camera.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiment of the inline three-dimensional stress measurement apparatus using one camera.
- a stereo method in which a plurality of cameras are arranged side by side and measurement is performed based on the principle of triangulation may be used.
- an in-line type in which a plurality of cameras are arranged on the same optical axis may be used, or an off-axis type in which a plurality of cameras are arranged on different optical axes for measurement. It may be.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a stress measuring apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the stress measuring device 100 includes a light source 11, a first optical system 12, a second optical system 13, a camera 14, a control device 15, a holding unit 20, and a load application mechanism. 31, a load application mechanism 32, and an image processing device 40.
- the light source 11 for example, a laser light source that emits laser light can be used.
- a CW laser or a pulse laser may be used.
- a laser light source capable of obtaining a high output is preferable.
- FIG. 1 only the optical path of the laser light emitted from the light source 11 is indicated by an arrow A in the drawing for easy viewing.
- laser light source used for the light source 11
- this embodiment is not limited to this.
- laser light ultrasonic waves, X-rays, light from LEDs, light from superluminescent diodes, light from halogen lamps, light from xenon lamps, light from mercury lamps, light from sodium lamps, Microwave, terahertz light, electron beam, or radio wave may be used.
- the first optical system 12 is an optical system for collimating the laser light emitted from the light source 11, and a collimator lens, for example, may be used.
- the laser light emitted from the light source 11 is uniformly diffused by passing through the first optical system 12 composed of such a collimating lens, and becomes parallel light.
- the holding part 20 is irradiated with the laser light thus made parallel.
- the holding unit 20 is for housing an RP model that is a measurement target on which the stress measurement apparatus 100 performs stress measurement.
- the holding unit 20 accommodates an RP model (light transmissive member) 21 therein. Further, the holding unit 20 is filled with the refractive index matching liquid 22, and the RP model 21 is stored inside the holding unit 20 while being entirely immersed in the refractive index matching liquid 22. It will be.
- Both the holding unit 20 and the refractive index matching liquid 22 filled therein transmit the laser light emitted from the light source 11. For this reason, after the laser beam emitted from the light source 11 passes through the first optical system 12, it passes through the side wall of the holding unit 20 and the refractive index matching liquid 22 in this order, and enters the RP model 21. It will be.
- the laser light entering the RP model 21 is diffracted by the tracer particles existing inside the RP model 21, and is not diffracted. It is emitted from the RP model 21 together with the laser beam. At this time, the laser light that has not been diffracted becomes the reference light, and as a result, the reference light interferes with the object light that is the diffracted laser light.
- a collimating lens can be used for the second optical system 13 as in the first optical system 12.
- the second optical system 13 is an optical system for converting the laser light (object light and reference light) emitted from the holding unit 20 into parallel light and entering the camera 14 again.
- a combination of a plurality of collimating lenses may be used.
- the camera 14 for example, a known camera such as a CCD camera, a high-speed CCD camera, an EMCCD camera, an IICCD camera, or a CMOS camera can be used.
- the image data captured by the camera 14 is output to the image processing device 40, and the moving distance and moving direction of the tracer particles inside the RP model 21 are calculated in the image processing device 40 based on such image data.
- the laser light emitted from the RP model 21 includes the object light and the reference light, and these two lights interfere with each other.
- the camera 14 has an inside of the RP model 21. A digital holographic image of each tracer particle present is taken.
- the camera 14 records the captured digital holographic image as digital data, for example, and outputs the digital data to the image processing device 40.
- the image processing apparatus 40 performs three-dimensional image processing based on the digital holographic image captured by the camera 14.
- the image processing apparatus 40 includes an analysis unit 41 for executing the above-described PIV analysis.
- This analysis unit 41 applies a digital holographic image captured by the camera 14 for each tracer particle inside the RP model 21. 3D PIV analysis is performed.
- the image processing device 40 calculates the three-dimensional position of each tracer particle at that time from a digital holography image captured at, for example, time t0 based on the three-dimensional PIV analysis executed by the analysis unit 41. Similarly, the three-dimensional position of each tracer particle at the time t0 + ⁇ t is calculated from the digital holographic image captured at the time t0 + ⁇ t. Then, the velocity vector of each tracer particle can be calculated by dividing the difference between the three-dimensional positions at each time by ⁇ t.
- the image processing device 40 measures the time-dependent change in the stress field in the RP model 21 from time t0 to time t0 + ⁇ t from the velocity vector of each tracer particle in the RP model 21 thus calculated.
- the load application mechanism 31 and the load application mechanism 32 are mechanisms for applying a load to the RP model 21 housed in the holding unit 20.
- the load application mechanism 31 and the load application mechanism 32 can realize various types of stress distribution such as compressive stress, shear stress, and bending stress in the RP model 21 by adjusting the manner in which the load is applied to the RP model 21. .
- the load application mechanism 31 and the load application mechanism 32 support the RP model 21 housed in the holding unit 20 while being immersed in the refractive index matching liquid 22 from the vertical direction (y-axis direction in FIG. 1). .
- the load is applied downward (the negative direction of the y axis in FIG. 1) from the load application mechanism 31 to the RP model 21 and upward (the y axis in FIG. 1). Apply load in the positive direction.
- the control device 15 is electrically connected to each of the light source 11, the camera 14, and the load application mechanism 31 and the load application mechanism 32 so that various control signals can be exchanged between them. Has been.
- the control device 15 controls the driving operation of the light source 11, the photographing operation of the camera 14, and the load application operations of the load application mechanism 31 and the load application mechanism 32.
- the control device 15 may synchronize, for example, the emission timing of the laser light from the light source 11, the application timing of the load by the load application mechanism 31 and the load application mechanism 32, and the photographing timing by the camera 14.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the RP model 21 and the refractive index matching liquid 22.
- FIG. 2 only the optical path of the laser light emitted from the light source 11 is indicated by an arrow A in the drawing for easy viewing.
- a range indicated by B in the figure is an irradiation region of the laser light emitted from the light source 11 in the RP model 21.
- a large number of tracer particles 23 are dispersed inside the RP model 21.
- the type of the tracer particles 23 is not particularly limited in the present invention, but is appropriately selected according to the type of photoelastic material constituting the RP model 21.
- the RP model 21 is accommodated in the holding unit 20, and the inside of the holding unit 20 is filled with the refractive index matching liquid 22. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the periphery of the RP model 21 is surrounded by the refractive index matching liquid 22.
- This refractive index matching liquid 22 has a refractive index that matches the refractive index of the photoelastic material constituting the RP model 21. Specifically, the refractive index matching liquid 22 has substantially the same refractive index as the refractive index of the photoelastic material constituting the RP model 21.
- the difference in refractive index between the photoelastic material constituting the RP model 21 and the refractive index matching liquid 22 is around 1%, it can be said that the refractive indexes of both are substantially the same.
- both the object light diffracted by the numerous tracer particles 23 inside the RP model 21 and the reference light that has not been diffracted by the numerous tracer particles 23 enter the refractive index matching liquid 22 from the RP model 21. There is no refraction at their interface.
- the laser light emitted from the light source 11 enters the RP model 21 without being refracted at the interface between the refractive index matching liquid 22 and the RP model 21.
- the object light diffracted in the RP model 21 and the reference light that has not been diffracted enter the refractive index matching liquid 22 without being refracted at the interface between the refractive index matching liquid 22 and the RP model 21.
- the camera 14 can accurately capture both the object light diffracted by the numerous tracer particles 23 inside the RP model 21 and the reference light that has not been diffracted by the numerous tracer particles 23.
- the difference in refractive index between the RP model 21 and its surroundings is such that the more complicated the shape of the RP model 21 is, the more the laser light that passes through these interfaces will be refracted and the accurate imaging by the camera 14 will be hindered. The degree increases.
- the periphery of the RP model 21 is surrounded by the refractive index matching liquid 22 having the same refractive index as that of the RP model 21 as described above. Can solve various problems.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a specific example of the RP model 21.
- the material constituting the RP model 21 is a light-transmitting acrylic resin (refractive index: 1.4883, elastic modulus: 3317 Mpa). Its size is 7.9 ⁇ 50 ⁇ 7.9 mm 3 .
- the load application mechanism 31 and the load application mechanism 32 that apply a load to the RP model 21 support the RP model 21 by the two load application mechanisms 32 and also the RP model by the one load application mechanism 31.
- a pressure (load) is applied in the vicinity of the center point in the longitudinal direction 21 (x-axis direction in FIG. 3).
- the pressure applied from the load application mechanism 31 is 100N.
- the average value of the diameter of the tracer particles 23 is 60 ⁇ m.
- the refractive index matching liquid 22 is a sodium iodide solution, and its refractive index is the same as that of the acrylic resin constituting the RP model 21.
- the three-dimensional position of each tracer particle 23 in the RP model 21 is measured, and the velocity vector of each tracer particle 23 before and after application of this pressure (load). Is calculated.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram for explaining recording and reproduction of a digital holographic image by the image processing apparatus 40.
- the ⁇ - ⁇ plane represents the coordinates of one particle (tracer particle 23) that exists in the three-dimensional space in the RP model 21.
- the object light diffracted by the particles (tracer particles 23) and the reference light not diffracted by the particles (tracer particles 23) are recorded as light intensity I d (x, y, 0) on the imaging surface of the camera 14.
- I d light intensity
- the imaging surface of the camera 14 is on the xy plane that is separated from the above-described particle (tracer particle 23) on the ⁇ - ⁇ plane by a distance d.
- j represents an imaginary unit
- ⁇ represents the wavelength of the laser beam.
- L is between the the x-y plane and x z -y z plane, the distance between the corresponding two points is expressed by the following equation.
- the light intensity I z (x z , y z ) is calculated from the following equation.
- the particles are regenerated on the x d -y d plane that is separated from the xy plane by the distance d.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are conceptual diagrams for explaining the process from the recording of the digital holographic image by the image processing apparatus 40 to the derivation of the three-dimensional stress field.
- step 1 digital holographic images by the camera 14 are recorded on the RP model 21 before and after the load application to the RP model 21 by the load application mechanism 31 and the load application mechanism 32, respectively (step 1).
- each digital holographic image is reproduced, and the three-dimensional position of each tracer particle 23 is detected (step 2).
- the three-dimensional vector field of each tracer particle 23 before and after this load application is calculated (step 3).
- a three-dimensional displacement field is calculated using the following equation.
- a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- a large number of tracer particles are dispersed in a structure such as a vehicle body or various parts contained in the vehicle body, and the displacement, that is, the movement direction and the movement amount of the large number of tracer particles is tracked.
- the embodiment measures the three-dimensional stress of the structure.
- the said structure is an object which combined various members so that it can resist loads, such as external force.
- the second embodiment of the present invention measures the time-dependent change of the three-dimensional stress in the structure and the time of the three-dimensional velocity of the fluid in the three-dimensional space where the structure and the fluid exist simultaneously. This is an embodiment in which change measurement is performed simultaneously.
- a large number of tracer particles are dispersed in the structure as in the first embodiment. Further, a large number of tracer particles are dispersed in the fluid. However, the tracer particles dispersed in the structure and the tracer particles dispersed in the fluid have different particle sizes.
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention two types of tracer particles having different particle sizes are dispersed in the structure and the fluid, respectively. Then, the stress measurement device and the stress measurement method of the first embodiment are applied to each of the two kinds of tracer particles, and the three-dimensional stress with time is measured for the structure, while the fluid is It measures the change with time of the three-dimensional velocity.
- the change with time of the three-dimensional velocity of the fluid can be measured by tracking the displacement of a large number of tracer particles as in the first embodiment.
- a stress is generated inside the structure when a load is applied.
- the fluid is a fluid or a deformed body, and when a load is applied, the fluid flows and deforms in the direction of application. Therefore, in the case of a structure, the displacement of the tracer particle represents a change with time of the three-dimensional stress in the structure, and in the case of a fluid, the displacement of the tracer particle represents a change with time of the three-dimensional velocity of the fluid.
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention is not limited to the three-dimensional space in which the structure and the fluid exist simultaneously. For example, measuring a time-dependent change in three-dimensional stress in two or more structures in a three-dimensional space where two or more structures interact with each other (for example, applying a load to each other). Is also possible.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a stress measurement apparatus 100a according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the stress measuring device 100a includes a light source 11, a first optical system 12, a second optical system 13, a camera 14, a control device 15a, a holding unit 20, and an image processing device. 40.
- a sealed container 51 Inside the holding unit 20, there are a sealed container 51, a stirring liquid 52 filled in the sealed container 51 and stirred, and an RP model (light transmissive member) 53 fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container 51.
- a stirring member 54 for stirring the stirring liquid 52 in the sealed container 51 is provided.
- the sealed container 51 includes an RP model 53 that is the above-described structure that is a measurement target for which the stress measurement device 100a performs stress measurement, and an agitation liquid 52 that is the fluid that is the measurement target for which the stress measurement device 100a performs speed measurement. It is for storage.
- the RP model 53 is housed inside the sealed container 51 while being entirely immersed in the stirring liquid 52.
- Both the sealed container 51 and the stirring liquid 52 filled therein transmit the laser light emitted from the light source 11. For this reason, after the laser beam emitted from the light source 11 passes through the first optical system 12, it passes through the side wall of the holding unit 20, the refractive index matching liquid 22, and the side wall of the sealed container 51 in this order. Then, the liquid enters the stirring liquid 52 and the RP model 53.
- a large number of tracer particles are dispersed inside the RP model 53, as in the first embodiment, and the laser light that has entered the RP model 53 is diffracted by the tracer particles existing inside the RP model 53, and It is emitted from the RP model 53 together with the laser light that has not been diffracted. At this time, the laser light that has not been diffracted becomes the reference light, and as a result, the reference light interferes with the object light that is the diffracted laser light.
- These reference light and object light are used to track the displacement of the tracer particles in the RP model 53.
- the reference light and the object light used for tracking the displacement of the tracer particles in the RP model 53 are referred to as “RP model reference light” and “RP model object light”, respectively.
- the laser light emitted from the RP model 53 that is, the RP model object light and the RP model reference light, are both the stirring liquid 52, the side wall of the sealed container 51, the refractive index matching liquid 22, and the side wall of the holding unit 20. , In this order, and enters the second optical system 13. A part of each of the RP model object light and the RP model reference light may be diffracted again by the tracer particles 56 in the stirring liquid 52. In that case, the diffracted light will not be used to track the displacement of the tracer particles in the RP model 53.
- a large number of tracer particles 56 are dispersed inside the stirring liquid 52, and the laser light that has entered the stirring liquid 52 is diffracted by the tracer particles 56 existing inside the stirring liquid 52. Then, it is emitted from the stirring liquid 52 together with the laser light that has not been diffracted. At this time, the laser light that has not been diffracted becomes the reference light, and as a result, the reference light interferes with the object light that is the diffracted laser light.
- These reference light and object light are used to track the displacement of the tracer particles 56 in the stirring liquid 52.
- the reference light and the object light used to track the displacement of the tracer particles 56 in the stirring liquid 52 are referred to as “stirring liquid reference light” and “stirring liquid object light”, respectively.
- the laser light emitted from the stirring liquid 52 that is, both the stirring liquid object light and the stirring liquid reference light, pass through the side wall of the sealed container 51, the refractive index matching liquid 22, and the side wall of the holding unit 20 in this order. Pass through and enter the second optical system 13.
- a part of each of the stirring liquid object light and the stirring liquid reference light may be diffracted again by the tracer particles in the RP model 53. In that case, the diffracted light will not be used to track the displacement of the tracer particles in the stirring liquid 52.
- the stirring member 54 is a member for stirring the stirring liquid 52.
- the agitating member 54 is for causing the agitating liquid 52 to flow according to the direction of rotation, for example, by performing a self-rotating operation like this.
- the stirring member 54 can cause the stirring liquid 52 to flow clockwise or counterclockwise in the xz plane.
- the flow of the right rotation or the left rotation as described above occurs in the stirring liquid 52, and as a result, a part of the stirring liquid 52 collides with the RP model 53.
- This collision applies a load to the RP model 53 in the same manner as the load applied to the RP model 21 by the load applying mechanism 31 and the load applying mechanism 32 in the first embodiment.
- a load in a direction parallel to the xz plane (the direction of the arrow indicated by D in FIG. 8) is applied to the RP model 53.
- the flow of the stirring liquid 52 by the stirring member 54 is a load application mechanism that applies a load to the RP model 53.
- the stirring member 54 includes, for example, a support 54 a that extends toward the outside of the holding unit 20, and the support 54 a is connected to the drive circuit 55.
- the drive circuit 55 drives the rotation operation of the stirring member 54 described above by rotating the column 54a. As will be described later, the drive operation of the drive circuit 55 is controlled by the control circuit 15a.
- the camera 14 images the RP model reference light and the RP model object light described above, and the stirring liquid reference light and the stirring liquid object light. That is, the image data obtained by the camera 14 capturing the RP model reference light and the RP model object light is output to the image processing device 40, and the RP model 53 inside the image processing device 40 is based on such image data. The moving distance and moving direction of the tracer particles are calculated. On the other hand, the image data obtained by photographing the stirring liquid reference light and the stirring liquid object light by the camera 14 is output to the image processing apparatus 40, and the inside of the stirring liquid 52 is stored in the image processing apparatus 40 based on such image data. The moving distance and moving direction of the tracer particles 56 are calculated.
- the RP model object beam and the RP model reference beam which are laser beams emitted from the RP model 53, interfere with each other.
- the digital holographic image of each tracer particle existing inside the RP model 53 is displayed on the camera 14. Imaged.
- the camera 14 records the captured digital holographic image as digital data, for example, and outputs the digital data to the image processing device 40.
- the image processing apparatus 40 performs three-dimensional image processing based on the digital holographic image captured by the camera 14.
- the analysis unit 41 performs a three-dimensional PIV analysis on the digital holographic image captured by the camera 14 for each tracer particle inside the RP model 53.
- the image processing device 40 calculates the three-dimensional position of each tracer particle at that time from a digital holography image captured at, for example, time t0 based on the three-dimensional PIV analysis executed by the analysis unit 41. Similarly, the three-dimensional position of each tracer particle at the time t0 + ⁇ t is calculated from the digital holographic image captured at the time t0 + ⁇ t. Then, the velocity vector of each tracer particle can be calculated by dividing the difference between the three-dimensional positions at each time by ⁇ t.
- the image processing apparatus 40 measures the change over time of the stress field in the RP model 53 from time t0 to time t0 + ⁇ t from the velocity vector of each tracer particle in the RP model 53 calculated in this way.
- stirring liquid object light and the stirring liquid reference light which are laser beams emitted from the stirring liquid 52, interfere with each other, and as a result, each of the tracer particles 56 existing in the stirring liquid 52 is transmitted to the camera 14. A digital holographic image is captured.
- the camera 14 records the captured digital holographic image as digital data, for example, and outputs the digital data to the image processing device 40.
- the image processing apparatus 40 performs three-dimensional image processing based on the digital holographic image captured by the camera 14.
- the analysis unit 41 performs a three-dimensional PIV analysis on the digital holographic image captured by the camera 14 for each tracer particle 56 inside the stirring liquid 52.
- the image processing device 40 calculates the three-dimensional position of each tracer particle 56 at that time from, for example, a digital holographic image captured at time t0 based on the three-dimensional PIV analysis executed by the analysis unit 41. Similarly, the three-dimensional position of each tracer particle 56 at time t0 + ⁇ t is calculated from the digital holographic image captured at time t0 + ⁇ t. Then, the velocity vector of each tracer particle 56 can be calculated by dividing the difference between the three-dimensional positions at each time by ⁇ t.
- the image processing device 40 measures the change over time of the velocity field of the agitating liquid 52 from time t0 to time t0 + ⁇ t from the velocity vector of each tracer particle 56 inside the agitating liquid 52 thus calculated.
- the control device 15a is electrically connected to each of the light source 11, the camera 14, and the drive circuit 55 so that various control signals can be exchanged.
- the control device 15 controls the driving operation of the light source 11, the photographing operation of the camera 14, and the driving operation of the driving circuit 55.
- the control device 15 may synchronize the emission timing of the laser light from the light source 11, the driving timing of the stirring member 54 by the driving circuit 55, and the imaging timing by the camera 14, for example.
- FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the stirring liquid 52 and the RP model 53.
- the optical path of the laser light emitted from the light source 11 is indicated by an arrow A in FIG.
- the range shown by C in the figure is an irradiation region of the laser light emitted from the light source 11 in the stirring liquid 52 and the RP model 53.
- a large number of tracer particles 57 are dispersed inside the RP model 53.
- the type and the like of the tracer particles 57 are not particularly limited in the present invention, but are appropriately selected according to the type and the like of the photoelastic material constituting the RP model 53.
- the RP model 53 is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container 51, and the inside of the sealed container 51 is filled with the stirring liquid 52. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the periphery of the RP model 53 is surrounded by the stirring liquid 52.
- the stirring liquid 52 has a refractive index that matches the refractive index of the photoelastic material constituting the RP model 53. Specifically, the stirring liquid 52 has substantially the same refractive index as that of the photoelastic material constituting the RP model 53. From this, it can be said that the stirring liquid 52 has the same function as the refractive index matching liquid 22 surrounding the RP model 21 in the first embodiment.
- the difference in refractive index between the photoelastic material constituting the RP model 53 and the stirring liquid 52 is around 1%, it can be said that the refractive indexes of both are substantially the same.
- both the RP model object light diffracted by the large number of tracer particles 57 inside the RP model 53 and the RP model reference light not diffracted by the large number of tracer particles 57 enter the stirring liquid 52 from the RP model 53. However, there is no refraction at the interface between them.
- the laser light emitted from the light source 11 enters the RP model 53 without being refracted at the interface between the stirring liquid 52 and the RP model 53. Then, the RP model object light and the RP model reference light diffracted in the RP model 53 enter the stirring liquid 52 without being refracted at the interface between the stirring liquid 52 and the RP model 53.
- the camera 14 can accurately capture both the RP model object light diffracted by the numerous tracer particles 57 inside the RP model 53 and the RP model reference light that has not been diffracted by the numerous tracer particles 57. it can.
- the difference in refractive index between the RP model 53 and its surroundings is such that the more complicated the shape of the RP model 53, the more the laser light that passes through these interfaces will be refracted and the accurate imaging by the camera 14 will be hindered. The degree increases.
- the periphery of the RP model 53 is surrounded by the stirring liquid 52 having the same refractive index as that of the RP model 53 as described above. Can solve various problems.
- the sealed container 51 is accommodated in the holding unit 20, and the inside of the holding unit 20 is filled with the refractive index matching liquid 22. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the periphery of the sealed container 51 is surrounded by the refractive index matching liquid 22.
- the refractive index matching liquid 22 has a refractive index that matches the refractive index of the transparent material that constitutes the sealed container 51 and transmits light.
- the sealed container 51 is configured using the same photoelastic material as the RP model 53
- the refractive index matching liquid 22 the sealed container 51, the stirring liquid 52, and the RP model 53 have substantially the same refractive index. If you do.
- the effect of the refractive index matching liquid 22 and the sealed container 51 having the same refractive index is the same as the above-described effect of the stirring liquid 52 and the RP model 53 having the same refractive index. I won't repeat it.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a specific example of the stirring liquid 52 (part thereof) and the RP model 53.
- the material constituting the RP model 53 is a light-transmitting acrylic resin (refractive index: 1.4883, elastic modulus: 3317 Mpa). Its shape is a columnar shape, its cross-sectional diameter is 2 mm, and its length is 11.5 mm. The average value of the diameter of the tracer particles 57 dispersed in the RP model 53 is 100 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 10 shows the tracer particles 57 dispersed in the RP model 53.
- the sealed container 51 to which the RP model 53 is fixed to the inner wall has a cylindrical outer appearance, and the cross-sectional diameter (inner wall diameter) d is 41 mm.
- the RP model 53 is fixed at a position where the height h from the bottom surface of the sealed container 51 is 20 mm.
- the stirring liquid 52 is a sodium iodide solution, and the refractive index thereof has the same refractive index as that of the acrylic resin constituting the RP model 53.
- Its kinematic viscosity coefficient (dynamic viscosity) is 1.365 mm / sec 2 at 30.4 ° C.
- the average value of the diameter of the tracer particles 56 dispersed in the stirring liquid 52 is 60 ⁇ m.
- the range indicated by C in FIGS. 8 and 9 is an irradiation region of the laser light emitted from the light source 11 in the stirring liquid 52 and the RP model 53, and the size thereof is 30.72 ⁇ 30.72 ⁇ 6. 0.0 mm 2 .
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing image data obtained by the camera 14 capturing the stirring liquid reference light and the stirring liquid object light. As shown in FIG. 11, the tracer particles 56 in the stirring liquid 52 are photographed.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing image data obtained by photographing the RP model reference light and the RP model object light by the camera 14. As shown in FIG. 12, the tracer particles 57 in the RP model 53 are photographed.
- the stress measuring device 100a simultaneously measures the time-dependent change in the three-dimensional stress in the RP model 53 and the time-dependent change in the three-dimensional speed of the stirring liquid 52. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish and photograph the tracer particles 56 and the tracer particles 57. Therefore, for example, by using the particle mask correlation method described in detail on July 20th, 2002, the Tracer Particle 56 and the Tracer are described in detail, for example, the Visualization Society of Japan, “PIV Handbook”, Morikita Publishing Co., Ltd. Each can be imaged separately from the particles 57.
- ideal particle images of the tracer particles 56 and the tracer particles 57 are prepared in advance as respective templates. Using the respective templates, regions similar to the respective templates are extracted as the respective particle images of the tracer particles 56 and the tracer particles 57 from the image data in which the respective particle images of the tracer particles 56 and the tracer particles 57 are mixed. .
- FIG. 13 shows the width of each template of the tracer particle 56 and the tracer particle 57. In the case of FIG. 13, the width of the template of the tracer particle 56 (first particle) in the stirring liquid 52 is ⁇ 2 to 2 pixels, and the width of the template of the tracer particle 57 (second particle) in the RP model 53. Is -3 to 3 pixels.
- the tracer particles 56 and the tracer particles 57 have different particle sizes, it is possible to distinguish and photograph both as described above.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing image data when the region indicated by C in FIGS. 8 and 9 is viewed from the y direction and image data when viewed from the z direction. As shown in FIG. 14, the tracer particles 56 in the stirring liquid 52 and the tracer particles 57 in the RP model 53 are photographed.
- the stress measuring device performs image processing on each of a plurality of particles dispersed inside a light transmissive member irradiated with light, and determines each moving direction and amount of movement inside the light transmissive member.
- a stress measuring device that calculates and measures the three-dimensional stress generated inside the light transmissive member using the calculation results, a refractive index matching liquid having a refractive index that matches the refractive index of the light transmissive member.
- a holding part that holds the light-transmitting member while immersing it, and a load application mechanism that applies a load to the light-transmitting member held by the holding part.
- the “load applying mechanism” applies a load to the light transmissive member
- various stress distributions such as a compressive stress, a shear stress, and a bending stress are realized in the light transmissive member.
- a load can be applied to the light transmissive member while immersing the light transmissive member to be subjected to stress measurement in a refractive index matching liquid having a refractive index that matches the refractive index.
- the light transmitting member and the refractive index matching liquid have substantially the same refractive index.
- the light transmissive member has a complicated shape, the refraction of light at the interface between the light transmissive member and the refractive index matching liquid can be effectively suppressed, and the three-dimensional stress of the light transmissive member can be reduced. Changes over time can be measured with high accuracy.
- “same” of “the same refractive index” means not only completely matching but also substantially matching. Specifically, if the difference in refractive index between the light transmissive member and the refractive index matching liquid is around 1%, it can be said that the refractive indexes of both are the same.
- the plurality of particles are uniformly dispersed inside the light transmissive member.
- the three-dimensional stress of the light transmissive member can be measured with higher accuracy.
- uniform of “keep uniformly dispersed” means not only completely uniform but also includes a case where it can be said that it is substantially uniform.
- the plurality of particles are dispersed inside the light transmissive member so as to be locally concentrated in a part of the light transmissive member that is to be measured by the stress measuring device. Is preferred.
- the light transmissive member is preferably a rapid prototyping model formed using rapid prototyping based on a three-dimensional CAD model for designing complex shapes of products.
- a conventional rapid prototyping device can be used.
- the stress measurement method performs image processing on each of a plurality of particles dispersed inside a light transmissive member irradiated with light, and determines each movement direction and amount of movement inside the light transmissive member.
- a refractive index matching liquid having a refractive index that matches a refractive index of the light transmissive member.
- a load can be applied to the light transmissive member while immersing the light transmissive member as a stress measurement target in a refractive index matching liquid having a refractive index that matches the refractive index.
- the load application mechanism is a stirring liquid that is stirred while all of the light transmissive member is immersed, and the stirring liquid is the refractive index matching liquid, and inside the stirring liquid, A plurality of particles having a particle size different from a plurality of particles dispersed inside the light transmissive member are dispersed, and the stress measuring device is applied with a load by stirring the stirring liquid. It is preferable to measure a three-dimensional stress generated in the interior of the glass.
- the stress measuring device further calculates each moving direction and moving amount inside the stirring liquid by performing image processing on each of the plurality of particles dispersed inside the stirring liquid irradiated with light, and It is preferable to measure the three-dimensional velocity of the stirring liquid using the calculation result.
- the load applied to the light transmissive member is applied to the light transmissive member by stirring the stirring liquid while immersing all of the light transmissive member in the stirring liquid.
- the particles are preferably dispersed.
- the present invention is suitable for a stress measurement apparatus and a stress measurement method for measuring a time-dependent change of a three-dimensional stress field of an RP model formed using three-dimensional CAD and RP based on a three-dimensional holographic PIV or a three-dimensional stereo PIV. is there.
- a stress measuring device that simultaneously measures the time-dependent change of the three-dimensional stress in the RP model and the time-dependent change of the three-dimensional velocity of the fluid in a three-dimensional space where the RP model and the fluid exist simultaneously. It can also be used for being suitable for a stress measurement method.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明の一実施形態について図1~図6に基づいて説明すれば、以下の通りである。
本発明の一実施形態に係る応力計測装置は、3次元CAD及びRP技術によって造形されたRPモデルを用いてRPモデルの内部の応力場を計測するものである。特に、本発明の一実施形態に係る応力計測装置は、RPモデルに荷重を印加しながら、RPモデルの内部に生じる応力場の経時変化を計測することができるものである。
次に、本発明の一実施形態に係る応力計測装置100について説明する。応力計測装置100は、1台のカメラを用いたインラインホログラフィ撮影システムを用いた3次元応力計測装置である。
次に、RPモデル21及び屈折率整合液22について説明する。図2は、RPモデル21及び屈折率整合液22を説明するための概念図である。図2では、図面の見易さのため、光源11から出射されたレーザ光については、その光路のみを図中Aで示す矢印で示している。なお、図中Bで示す範囲は、RPモデル21における、光源11から出射されたレーザ光の照射領域である。
次に、RPモデル21及び屈折率整合液22の実施例について説明する。図3は、RPモデル21の具体例を示す断面図である。
次に、画像処理装置40による画像処理について説明する。先ず、画像処理装置40による、カメラ14が撮影したデジタルホログラフィ画像の記録及びその再生について説明する。図4は、画像処理装置40によるデジタルホログラフィ画像の記録及びその再生を説明するための概念図である。
そして、図6に示すように、式(4)から得られた3次元変位場(図6の(a))から、以下の式を用いて3次元応力場(図6の(b))を算出する。
このようにして、画像処理装置40はRPモデル21への荷重印加の前後における3次元応力場を算出する。
次に、本発明の実施の形態2について説明する。上記の実施の形態1では、多数のトレーサ粒子を例えば車体やその車体に収められる各種の部品といった構造体に分散させ、それら多数のトレーサ粒子の変位、つまり、移動方向及び移動量を追跡することにより、構造体の3次元応力を計測する実施の形態であった。なお、上記構造体とは、外力などの荷重に抵抗できるように、各種の部材を組み合わせた物体のことである。
図7は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る応力計測装置100aの概略構成図である。以下、上記の実施の形態1と同様の部分については、同一符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
次に、撹拌液52及びRPモデル53について説明する。図8は、撹拌液52及びRPモデル53を説明するための概念図である。図8では、図面の見易さのため、光源11から出射されたレーザ光については、その光路のみを図中Aで示す矢印で示している。なお、図中Cで示す範囲は、撹拌液52及びRPモデル53における、光源11から出射されたレーザ光の照射領域である。
次に、撹拌液52及びRPモデル53の実施例について説明する。図9は、撹拌液52(その一部)及びRPモデル53の具体例を示す断面図である。
12 第1の光学系
13 第2の光学系
14 カメラ
15、15a 制御装置
20 保持部
21、53 RPモデル(光透過性部材)
22 屈折率整合液
23 トレーサ粒子(粒子)
31、32 荷重印加機構
40 画像処理装置
41 解析部
51 密閉容器
52 撹拌液
54 撹拌部材
55 駆動回路
100、100a 応力計測装置
Claims (9)
- 光が照射される光透過性部材の内部に分散された複数の粒子のそれぞれについて画像処理して前記光透過性部材の内部におけるそれぞれの移動方向及び移動量を算出し、それらの算出結果を用いて前記光透過性部材の内部に生じる3次元応力を計測する応力計測装置において、
前記光透過性部材の屈折率に整合する屈折率を持つ屈折率整合液の中に、前記光透過性部材を浸しながら保持する保持部と、
前記保持部に保持されている前記光透過性部材に荷重を印加する荷重印加機構と
を備えていることを特徴とする応力計測装置。 - 前記光透過性部材と前記屈折率整合液とは、それぞれの屈折率が同一であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の応力計測装置。
- 前記複数の粒子は、前記光透過性部材の内部に均一に分散されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の応力計測装置。
- 前記複数の粒子は、前記光透過性部材の内部のうち前記応力計測装置による計測対象となる一部の部分に局所的に集中するようにして前記光透過性部材の内部に分散されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の応力計測装置。
- 前記光透過性部材は、製品の複雑な形状を設計するための3次元CADモデルに基づき、ラピッドプロトタイピングを利用して形成されたラピッドプロトタイピングモデルであることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の応力計測装置。
- 光が照射される光透過性部材の内部に分散された複数の粒子のそれぞれについて画像処理して前記光透過性部材の内部におけるそれぞれの移動方向及び移動量を算出し、それらの算出結果を用いて前記光透過性部材の内部に生じる3次元応力を計測する応力計測方法において、
前記光透過性部材の屈折率に整合する屈折率を持つ屈折率整合液の中に、前記光透過性部材を浸しながら保持し、
前記屈折率整合液の中に浸されている前記光透過性部材に荷重を印加しつつ、前記光透過性部材の内部に生じる3次元応力の経時変化を計測することを特徴とする応力計測方法。 - 前記荷重印加機構は、前記光透過性部材の全部が浸されながら、撹拌される撹拌液であり、且つ、前記撹拌液が前記屈折率整合液となっており、
前記撹拌液の内部には、前記光透過性部材の内部に分散される複数の粒子とは異なる粒径を持つ複数の粒子が分散され、前記応力計測装置は、前記撹拌液の撹拌により荷重が印加される前記光透過性部材の内部に生じる3次元応力を計測することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の応力計測装置。 - 前記応力計測装置はさらに、光が照射される前記撹拌液の内部に分散された複数の粒子のそれぞれについて画像処理して前記撹拌液の内部におけるそれぞれの移動方向及び移動量を算出し、それらの算出結果を用いて前記撹拌液の3次元速度を計測することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の応力計測装置。
- 前記光透過性部材に印加される荷重は、撹拌液に前記光透過性部材の全部を浸しながら、前記撹拌液を撹拌することにより前記光透過性部材に印加される荷重であり、且つ、前記撹拌液が前記屈折率整合液となっており、
前記撹拌液の内部には、前記光透過性部材の内部に分散される複数の粒子とは異なる粒径を持つ複数の粒子が分散されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の応力計測方法。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/511,840 US20120250001A1 (en) | 2009-11-27 | 2010-10-27 | Stress measurement device and stress measurement method |
JP2011543180A JPWO2011065175A1 (ja) | 2009-11-27 | 2010-10-27 | 応力計測装置及び応力計測方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009-270501 | 2009-11-27 | ||
JP2009270501 | 2009-11-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011065175A1 true WO2011065175A1 (ja) | 2011-06-03 |
Family
ID=44066279
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2010/069043 WO2011065175A1 (ja) | 2009-11-27 | 2010-10-27 | 応力計測装置及び応力計測方法 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120250001A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2011065175A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011065175A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102519628A (zh) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-06-27 | 清华大学 | 颗粒三维受力与二维流速场的耦合测量装置 |
JP2016024002A (ja) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-02-08 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 透明物品の応力測定方法 |
KR20160018485A (ko) * | 2013-06-05 | 2016-02-17 | 에베 그룹 에. 탈너 게엠베하 | 압력 맵을 결정하기 위한 측정 장치 및 방법 |
TWI716183B (zh) * | 2018-11-20 | 2021-01-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 應力測量裝置和應力測量方法 |
US11408730B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2022-08-09 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Stress measuring device and stress measuring method |
KR20230026792A (ko) * | 2021-08-18 | 2023-02-27 | 한국과학기술원 | 비정규 상태기반 페리다이나믹스와 디지털 이미지 상관법을 이용한 불연속 영역을 포함하는 구조물의 변위장 및 응력장 측정방법 |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2992309B1 (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2020-08-19 | Indian Council of Medical Research | A non-contact method for measurement of strain profile at a location interposed within a soft deformable object with dynamic evolution of the strain under dynamic loading or fracture of the object |
EP3324166A1 (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-05-23 | Nokia Technologies OY | Force sensing |
CN110208080B (zh) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-08-13 | 华东交通大学 | 一种颗粒材料接触应力可视化试验加载设备及其使用方法 |
CN113108964A (zh) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-13 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种基于数字全息技术的玻璃应力检测方法与检测装置 |
CN113551818B (zh) * | 2021-07-23 | 2023-03-14 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种基于负泊松比结构的测量方法及系统 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6141933A (ja) * | 1984-08-03 | 1986-02-28 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 物体内の応力測定方法および装置 |
JPH08211087A (ja) * | 1993-08-20 | 1996-08-20 | Hirobumi Onari | 流れの可視化画像解析装置 |
JP2000227384A (ja) * | 1999-02-08 | 2000-08-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 風洞試験用模型 |
JP2001091530A (ja) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-04-06 | Mitsuba Corp | 流体の可視化 |
JP2001116631A (ja) * | 1999-10-21 | 2001-04-27 | Mitsuba Corp | 翼面上の流れ計測方法 |
JP2003315184A (ja) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-11-06 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | 光ファイバの残留応力測定装置 |
JP2006003137A (ja) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-01-05 | Toudai Tlo Ltd | 光学式触覚センサ及び該センサにおける情報取得方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2341422A (en) * | 1941-07-09 | 1944-02-08 | Mississippi Valley Res Lab Inc | Photoelastic instrument |
US2645151A (en) * | 1948-12-29 | 1953-07-14 | Carlton H Hastings | Apparatus for dynamic determination of reduction in area of specimens during mechanical tests |
JP4568883B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-20 | 2010-10-27 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 応力・歪みの解析方法及び装置 |
GB0602923D0 (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2006-03-22 | Univ Catholique Louvain | Thermal stress actuated micro- and nanomachines for testing mechanical propertis of micro and nano-sized material samples |
US7377181B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2008-05-27 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | In-situ large area optical strain measurement using an encoded dot pattern |
-
2010
- 2010-10-27 JP JP2011543180A patent/JPWO2011065175A1/ja active Pending
- 2010-10-27 WO PCT/JP2010/069043 patent/WO2011065175A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-10-27 US US13/511,840 patent/US20120250001A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6141933A (ja) * | 1984-08-03 | 1986-02-28 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 物体内の応力測定方法および装置 |
JPH08211087A (ja) * | 1993-08-20 | 1996-08-20 | Hirobumi Onari | 流れの可視化画像解析装置 |
JP2000227384A (ja) * | 1999-02-08 | 2000-08-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 風洞試験用模型 |
JP2001091530A (ja) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-04-06 | Mitsuba Corp | 流体の可視化 |
JP2001116631A (ja) * | 1999-10-21 | 2001-04-27 | Mitsuba Corp | 翼面上の流れ計測方法 |
JP2003315184A (ja) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-11-06 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | 光ファイバの残留応力測定装置 |
JP2006003137A (ja) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-01-05 | Toudai Tlo Ltd | 光学式触覚センサ及び該センサにおける情報取得方法 |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102519628A (zh) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-06-27 | 清华大学 | 颗粒三维受力与二维流速场的耦合测量装置 |
KR20160018485A (ko) * | 2013-06-05 | 2016-02-17 | 에베 그룹 에. 탈너 게엠베하 | 압력 맵을 결정하기 위한 측정 장치 및 방법 |
KR102075191B1 (ko) * | 2013-06-05 | 2020-02-07 | 에베 그룹 에. 탈너 게엠베하 | 압력 맵을 결정하기 위한 측정 장치 및 방법 |
JP2016024002A (ja) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-02-08 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 透明物品の応力測定方法 |
TWI716183B (zh) * | 2018-11-20 | 2021-01-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 應力測量裝置和應力測量方法 |
US11408730B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2022-08-09 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Stress measuring device and stress measuring method |
KR20230026792A (ko) * | 2021-08-18 | 2023-02-27 | 한국과학기술원 | 비정규 상태기반 페리다이나믹스와 디지털 이미지 상관법을 이용한 불연속 영역을 포함하는 구조물의 변위장 및 응력장 측정방법 |
KR102653004B1 (ko) | 2021-08-18 | 2024-04-01 | 한국과학기술원 | 비정규 상태기반 페리다이나믹스와 디지털 이미지 상관법을 이용한 불연속 영역을 포함하는 구조물의 변위장 및 응력장 측정방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2011065175A1 (ja) | 2013-04-11 |
US20120250001A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2011065175A1 (ja) | 応力計測装置及び応力計測方法 | |
Haleem et al. | Exploring the potential of 3D scanning in Industry 4.0: An overview | |
Su et al. | Characterizing dynamic deformation of marine propeller blades with stroboscopic stereo digital image correlation | |
Melde et al. | Holograms for acoustics | |
Yao et al. | Generalized mesh-based Monte Carlo for wide-field illumination and detection via mesh retessellation | |
EP3367106B1 (en) | Rainbow particle imaging velocimetry for dense 3d fluid velocity imaging | |
Khan et al. | Vision guided robotic inspection for parts in manufacturing and remanufacturing industry | |
CN107850867A (zh) | 动态全息聚焦深度打印装置 | |
CN110392817A (zh) | 用于散斑减少激光线生成的系统和方法 | |
EP3492861B1 (en) | Image processing system and image processing method | |
Delpiano et al. | Performance of optical flow techniques for motion analysis of fluorescent point signals in confocal microscopy | |
Koch et al. | Theory-assisted optical ray tracing to extract cavitation-bubble shapes from experiment | |
JP2023505910A (ja) | 体積マイクロリソグラフィ | |
CN106769701A (zh) | 一种颗粒球形度同轴数字全息检测装置及检测方法 | |
CN109827756A (zh) | 一种车载whud虚像测试系统及测试方法 | |
JP6176054B2 (ja) | 液滴内流動観察方法及び液滴内流動観察装置 | |
KR102058776B1 (ko) | 비가시광 적외선 다점 레이저빔과 적외선 카메라 영상기반 물체의 3차원 미세진동 측정에 의한 음원 진단 방법 및 장치 | |
JP2006309012A (ja) | ホログラムデータ生成装置、方法およびプログラム、ならびにホログラムデータ生成システムおよびホログラム表示システム | |
Emde et al. | Validating a simulation of a single ray based laser scanner used in mobile robot applications | |
Ueda et al. | Fringe projection profilometry system verification for 3D shape measurement using virtual space of game engine | |
Butz et al. | Data assimilation of structural deformation using finite element simulations and single-perspective projection data based on the example of X-ray imaging | |
JP2010281786A (ja) | 視覚検査装置の評価システム | |
Bista et al. | Using GPUs for realtime prediction of optical forces on microsphere ensembles | |
Kovaleva et al. | Application of leading and innovative 3D technologies for crime investigation | |
Botto et al. | High-frequency nonlinear vibration analysis through low-frequency stereo-camera systems |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10833022 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011543180 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13511840 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 10833022 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |