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WO2011006351A1 - 一种燃气燃烧器 - Google Patents

一种燃气燃烧器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011006351A1
WO2011006351A1 PCT/CN2010/001047 CN2010001047W WO2011006351A1 WO 2011006351 A1 WO2011006351 A1 WO 2011006351A1 CN 2010001047 W CN2010001047 W CN 2010001047W WO 2011006351 A1 WO2011006351 A1 WO 2011006351A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
brazier
ranges
fuel
furnace
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/001047
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毛羽
王娟
王江云
Original Assignee
Mao Yu
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mao Yu filed Critical Mao Yu
Publication of WO2011006351A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011006351A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/84—Flame spreading or otherwise shaping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14003—Special features of gas burners with more than one nozzle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • Gas burners are widely used in petrochemical processes.
  • the source of gaseous fuels is self-produced gas in the production process.
  • the invention relates to a novel gas burner, which can produce a desired flame shape according to a process requirement, has a high thermal efficiency, that is, can generate a stable flame of a desired shape, shape, width, length and direction of the flame.
  • the position and position can be controlled and adjusted according to the needs of the furnace, with high thermal efficiency and low NOx emissions, and can be used in various heating furnaces, especially tubular heating furnaces.
  • the structure of the tubular heating furnace of various processes is different, such as the arrangement of the furnace tube, the heat transfer mode, the burner position, and the like, there are different requirements for the shape and temperature distribution of the flame in the furnace.
  • Existing burners are difficult to generate the desired flame shape and temperature distribution according to the process requirements, and it is difficult to produce high heat transfer efficiency.
  • the gas fuel burns at a faster speed and the flame is short, it is difficult to control the temperature distribution in the furnace, and it is difficult to form a temperature field favorable for heat transfer in the radiation chamber and to improve the thermal efficiency of the furnace.
  • the reaction temperature of the process medium in the tube is relatively high, so it is difficult to transfer heat to the medium in the furnace tube in the radiation chamber.
  • the tubular heating furnace has a large load, and the temperature inside the furnace is high, and improper control may easily generate combustion pollutants.
  • the invention provides a novel gas burner, the fuel nozzle is adapted to the shape of the brazier and the air duct, the fuel and the air can be fully mixed, and the burner restrains and guides the mixture and the preliminary gas, and can be quickly under a low air excess coefficient.
  • a stable rigid flame of the desired shape can be produced.
  • the shape, width, length, direction and position of the flame can be controlled and adjusted according to the needs of the furnace, so the heating can be controlled.
  • the temperature field in the furnace produces a temperature field distribution that facilitates heat transfer to the furnace tube, significantly improves radiation heat transfer efficiency, greatly reduces fuel consumption and CO 2 and NOx emissions, and can significantly increase the throughput of the furnace.
  • This new burner structure is simple Single, flexible operation, easy to manufacture and install, can stabilize normal combustion under the condition of 20 ⁇ 130% of rated working conditions, and can adapt to various gas fuels, can meet the needs of various process heating furnaces, especially tubular Heating furnace.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view
  • Figure 2 is a top view
  • Figure 3 is a side view, where 1 - the fire basin exit guide section, 2 - the fire basin restraint section, 3 - the fuel spray gun, - the fire basin inlet guide section, 5 - Inlet, 6" - furnace.
  • the burner proposed by the present invention is composed of a constrained type of brazier and a fuel spray gun
  • the constrained type of fire basin is composed of a fire basin outlet guiding section 1, a brazier restraining section 2 and a flare basin inlet guiding section.
  • the upper end of the fire basin guiding section 1 extends to the furnace 6 , the bottom of the fire basin guiding section 1 is connected to the top of the fire basin restraining section 2 , and one or more combustion nozzles 3 are arranged in the middle and lower part of the fire basin restraining section 2 , the bottom of the fire basin restraining section 2 and the fire pit inlet
  • the top of the diversion section 4 is connected, and the bottom of the tug inlet diversion section 4 is coupled to the inlet 5 .
  • the fuel spray gun 3 is located at the lower middle part of the fire trap section 2, and the fuel spray gun 3 has a different number of fuel injection holes in the spray head.
  • the spray holes can have different directions, and the spray gun 3 can be provided with a flame holder.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the brazier and the inlet may be circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, various arcs, and the like.
  • the mixture fluid entering the furnace 6 continues to flow and fully burn in the furnace 6 to form a stable rigid long flame.
  • the length of the flame can be adjusted according to the needs of the furnace process. This flame can form a temperature distribution in the furnace that facilitates heat transfer to the furnace tube, increasing the thermal efficiency of the furnace.
  • the burner of the present invention can employ a small excess air ratio, the fuel can be fully combusted, has high combustion and heat transfer efficiency, and produces very low NOx emissions.
  • Conventional low NOx combustion technology uses a staged combustion method with staged intake or staged fuel injection. Although it can reduce the Ox generation and emission levels, the combustion efficiency is lower, which reduces the thermal efficiency of the furnace.
  • the industrial application of the ethylene cracking furnace shows that the novel burner proposed by the invention can significantly improve the thermal efficiency of the radiation chamber and the entire heating furnace, and the fuel consumed per unit processing amount is greatly reduced, and the reduction range is more than 8%, and the processing capacity of the device is greatly reduced. Increased by more than 10%, the resulting NOx emissions can reach the same level or even lower than imported low NOx burners using staged combustion technology. Since the fuel consumption is significantly reduced, the CO 2 emissions are also significantly reduced. Production equipment has produced large economic benefits.
  • the burner proposed by the invention is suitable for various combustion heating devices, and is particularly suitable for tubular heating furnaces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Description

说 明 书
一种燃气燃烧器 所属技术领域
在石油化工过程中广泛采用燃气燃烧器， 气体燃料的来源是生产过程中自产的瓦斯气。 本发明涉及一种新型燃气燃烧器， 这种燃烧器可以根据工艺需要产生所需的火焰形状， 具有 较高的热效率， 即可以产生所需形状的稳定火焰， 火焰的形状、 宽度、 长度、 方向和位置可 以根据加热炉的需要进行控制和调节， 具有较高的热效率和较低的 NOx排放， 可以用于各种 加热炉， 特别是管式加热炉中。
背景技术
由于各种工艺的管式加热炉的结构不同， 如炉管排布方式， 传热方式， 燃烧器位置等等 都不一样， 所以对炉膛内火焰的形状， 温度的分布有不同的要求。 现有的燃烧器难以根据工 艺需要生成所需的火焰形状和温度分布， 难以产生较高的传热效率。
对于气体燃烧器来说， 由于气体燃料燃烧速度较快， 火焰较短， 难以控制炉内的温度分 布， 不能在辐射室内形成有利于传热的温度场、 提高加热炉热效率比较困难。 并且管内工艺 介质反应温度相对较高， 所以在辐射室向炉管内介质的传热的难度较大。 此外， 管式加热炉 的负荷大， 炉膛内温度高， 控制不当容易产生燃烧污染物。
不论对立式炉还是卧式炉， 由于气体火焰较短， 高温区集中在炉管局部下部， 炉管受热 不均匀， 局部热流密度大， 容易过热， 而其余部位则热流密度较低。 这种温度和热流密度分 布不均匀的状况影响向辐射室向炉管的传热， 导致辐射室热效率低， 并且容易引起炉管局部 过热， 产生局部结焦， 清焦周期短 （裂解炉、 焦化炉等）， 并影响炉管寿命。 这些因素还限制 了加热炉单位容积处理量的提高， 增加了单位加工量的成本。
发明内容
本发明提出一种新型燃气燃烧器， 燃料喷头与火盆和风道的形状相适应， 燃料与空气可 以充分混合， 燃烧器对混合物和初步燃气加以约束和导向， 可以在很低的空气过剩系数下迅 速充分燃烧， 可以根据工艺需要和炉管的排布方式， 产生所需形状的稳定刚性火焰， 火焰的 形状、 宽度、 长度、 方向和位置可以根据加热炉的需要进行控制和调节， 因此可以控制加热 炉内的温度场， 产生易于向炉管传热的温度场分布， 显著提高辐射传热效率， 大幅度降低燃 料消耗和 C02以及 NOx的排放， 并且可以显著提高加热炉的处理量。 这种新型燃烧器结构简 单， 操作弹性大， 易于制造和安装， 可以在额定工况的 20〜130%情况下稳定正常燃烧， 并能 够适应各种气体燃料， 可以满足各种工艺过程加热炉的需要， 特别是管式加热炉。
附图说明
本发明提出的燃烧器如图 1、 图 2和图 3所示。 图 1为主视图， 图 2为俯视图， 图 3为侧视图， 其中 1——火盆出口导向段， 2——火盆约束段， 3——燃料喷枪， ——火盆入口导流段， 5—— 进气道， 6 "—炉膛。
可以看到， 本发明提出的燃烧器由约束型火盆和燃料喷枪组成， 约束型火盆由火盆出口 导向段 1、 火盆约束段 2和火盆入口导流段 4三部分组成。 火盆导向段 1上端延伸于炉膛 6， 火盆 导向段 1的底部与火盆约束段 2顶部相连，在火盆约束段 2的中下部安有一个或多个燃烧喷头 3， 火盆约束段 2底部与火盆入口导流段 4顶部相连， 火盆入口导流段 4底部与进气道 5相联接。 燃 料喷枪 3位于火盆约束段 2中下部， 燃料喷枪 3的喷头上开有不同数目的燃料喷孔， 喷孔可以有 不同的方向， 喷枪 3上可以带有稳焰器。 火盆和进气道的横截面形状可以是圆形、 椭圆形、 方 形、 矩形、 各种弧线形等。 通过调整燃料喷枪的数目和火盆的截面形状， 可以产生宽度不同 的扁平火焰。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的工作过程进行说明：
空气通过进气道 5和火盆入口导流段 4进入火盆约束段 2， 气体燃料通过燃料喷枪 3喷入火 盆约束段 2的下部与空气混合， 由于火盆约束段 2的约束， 燃气和空气都不向外（炉膛）扩散， 在火盆约束段 2的较小空间内， 燃料与空气可以较好地混合， 经过一段距离后， 有一部分燃料 燃烧放热， 其余燃料气与空气边混合边燃烧， 并向火盆出口导向段 1加速流动， 随后这种具有 一定温度的混合物以较高的速度喷入炉膛 6。 由于在火盆内已经充分混合， 以及火盆的约束和 导向， 进入炉膛 6的混合物流体在炉膛 6中继续流动和充分燃烧， 形成稳定的刚性长火焰。 火 焰的长度可以根据加热炉工艺的需要进行调节。 这种火焰可以在加热炉中形成有利于向炉管 传热的温度分布， 提高加热炉的热效率。
本发明涉及的燃烧器可以采用较小的空气过剩系数， 燃料可以充分燃烧， 有较高的燃烧 和传热效率， 并产生很低的 NOx排放。 传统低 NOx燃烧技术采用分级进气或分级进燃料的分 级燃烧方式， 虽然可以降低 Ox的生成和排放水平， 但是燃烧效率较低， 降低了加热炉的热 效率。
数值模拟计算和实验表明这种新型燃烧器可以在空气过剩系数在 1.01〜1.6的条件下充分 燃烧， 形成可控的扁平刚直长火焰。 与传统燃烧器相比， 其 NOx排放降低 50%以上， 并且可 以提髙加热炉热效率 5%~10%。
在乙烯裂解炉的工业应用表明， 本发明提出的新型燃烧器可以显著提高辐射室和整个加 热炉的热效率， 单位加工量消耗的燃料大幅度下降， 降低的幅度在 8%以上， 装置的处理量提 高了 10%以上， 所产生的 NOx排放可以达到与采用分级燃烧技术的进口低 NOx燃烧器同样的 水平， 甚至更低。 由于燃料消耗显著降低， 因此也显著降低了 C02的排放。 生产装置产生了 较大的经济效益。
本发明提出的燃烧器适用于各种燃烧加热装置， 尤其适合于管式加热炉。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 本发明涉及一种新型燃气燃烧器， 它由火盆出口导向段 1、 火盆约束段 2、 一个或多个燃 烧喷枪 3、 火盆入口导流段 4和进气道 5组成。
2. 由权利要求 1所要求的火盆约束段 2， 其特征如下： 记火盆约束段 2的宽度为 D， 长度为 L， 高度为 H, 则其长度 L的范围是 1.0D〜80.0D， 其高度 H的范围是 0.2D〜10.0D， 其横截 面可以是圆形、 方形、 椭圆形、 矩形、 各种弧线形等。
3. 由权利要求 1所要求的火盆出口导向段 1， 其特征如下： 其下端与火盆约束段 2光滑相连， 其长度 L1的范围是 0.5D〜85.0D， 其上端的出口宽度 D1 的范围在 0.3D〜3.0D， 其高度 HI 的范围在 0.3D〜10.0D， 其上端深入炉膛的高度 H4的范围在 0.1D〜20.0D， 其横截面可以是 圆形、 方形、 椭圆形、 矩形、 各种弧线形等。
4. 由权利要求 1所要求的火盆入口导流段 4，其特征如下： 其上端与火盆约束段 2光滑相连， 其下口带有一定的扩张并与进气道 5连通； 其长度 L1 的范围是 0.5D〜85.0D， 其下口直径 D2的范围在 0.5D〜2.0D， 其高度 H2的范围在 0.2D〜10.0D， 其横截面可以是圆形、 方形、 椭圆形、 矩形、 各种弧线形等。
5. 由权利要求 1所要求的燃料喷枪 3， 其特征如下： 可以有多个喷枪， 每个喷枪的喷头上有 不同数目的燃料喷孔； 喷头可以位于火盆中心， 也可以多个均衡排布； 带有多个燃烧喷枪时， 各燃料喷枪之间的间距 bl、 b2、 b3、 b4等的范围是 0.2D〜5.0D， 各燃料喷枪与侧壁之间的 距离 b的范围是 0.1D〜0.9D， 各燃料喷头可以具有相同或不同的燃料量， 燃料喷枪 3喷头的 顶部到火盆入口导流段 4的底部的距离 H3的范围在 - 1.0D〜5.0D。
6. 由权利要求 1所要求的进气道 5， 其特征如下： 其上部与火盆入口导流段 4的底部相连， 形状尺寸相适应， 其上可以带有控制风量的风门、弯头以及保证气流平行进入火盆的整流器。
7. 本发明适用于各种加热炉， 特别是石油化工领域的管式加热炉。
PCT/CN2010/001047 2009-07-16 2010-07-13 一种燃气燃烧器 WO2011006351A1 (zh)

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CN2009101580111A CN101956974A (zh) 2009-07-16 2009-07-16 一种新型高效低NOx可控火焰形状燃气燃烧器

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PL2811228T3 (pl) * 2013-06-07 2020-01-31 Haldor Topsøe A/S Palnik
CN117160178A (zh) * 2023-09-27 2023-12-05 北京京仪自动化装备技术股份有限公司 半导体废气处理系统及半导体废气处理方法

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