WO2009081856A1 - ガスタービン燃焼器 - Google Patents
ガスタービン燃焼器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009081856A1 WO2009081856A1 PCT/JP2008/073177 JP2008073177W WO2009081856A1 WO 2009081856 A1 WO2009081856 A1 WO 2009081856A1 JP 2008073177 W JP2008073177 W JP 2008073177W WO 2009081856 A1 WO2009081856 A1 WO 2009081856A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pilot
- gas turbine
- flame
- turbine combustor
- premixed
- Prior art date
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 33
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
- F23R3/343—Pilot flames, i.e. fuel nozzles or injectors using only a very small proportion of the total fuel to insure continuous combustion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas turbine combustor.
- a pilot burner 3 is disposed at the center position of a combustor body 2 formed in a cylindrical shape, and a plurality of (for example, 8) There is a configuration in which main burners 10 of the present are arranged at equal pitches in the circumferential direction.
- the pilot burner 3 includes a pilot nozzle 4 and a pilot air flow path 5 formed around the pilot nozzle 4.
- the pilot fuel supplied through the pilot nozzle 4 is combusted by the pilot air supplied from the pilot air flow path 5 to form a pilot flame extending rearward of the flame holder 9.
- Reference numeral 6 in the figure denotes a pilot swirler that is installed in the pilot air flow path 5 to form a swirling flow
- 7 is a pilot having an enlarged diameter at the downstream end of the cylindrical member 8 that forms the pilot air flow path 5. It is a corn.
- the main burner 10 includes a main nozzle 11 and a main air flow path 12 formed around the main nozzle 11.
- the main fuel supplied from the main nozzle 11 is premixed with the main air supplied through the main air flow path 12 to become a premixed gas.
- the premixed gas is burned downstream of the flame holder 9 due to the transferability of the pilot flame.
- symbol 13 in a figure is a main swirler installed in the main air flow path 12, and promotes premixing with main fuel by making main air into a swirl flow. That is, the gas turbine combustor 1 described above forms a stable pilot flame (diffusion flame) by diffusion combustion of the pilot burner 2 in order to prevent or suppress combustion vibration of about 30 to 80 Hz, which is governed by flame holding properties.
- the pilot flame is configured to stabilize the premixed flame obtained by burning the premixed gas by the transferability of the pilot flame that is bridged to the premixed gas of the main burner 10.
- a cold pilot air layer (hereinafter referred to as “low temperature air layer”) formed downstream of the flame holder 9 inhibits the formation of a stable premixed flame. Therefore, the problem of deteriorating the flame holding property of the premixed flame that causes combustion vibration has been pointed out. That is, in the gas turbine combustor 1 shown in FIG. 12, the pilot air that has passed through the pilot swirler 6 becomes a swirling air flow, and reaches the flame holder 9 along the inner surface of the pilot cone 7. This swirling air flow forms a low temperature air layer between the pilot flame and the premixed flame downstream of the flame holder 9.
- this low-temperature air layer is a low-temperature air layer
- the pilot flame burns the pre-mixed gas to reduce the fire transfer for forming the pre-mixed flame, and as a result, the pre-mixed gas does not burn. It will be stable. Therefore, in the gas turbine combustor 1, a stable premixed flame cannot be formed, and therefore, the flame holding property of the premixed flame that causes combustion vibration is deteriorated.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its object is to reduce the low-temperature air layer of pilot air formed between the pilot flame and the premixed flame, An object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine combustor capable of improving flame holding properties.
- a gas turbine combustor according to the present invention includes a pilot burner that is provided in the center of a cylindrical combustor main body to form a pilot flame, and a plurality of gas turbine combustors that are disposed around the outer periphery of the pilot burner.
- a gas turbine combustor comprising a main burner for forming a mixed flame, comprising a fire transferability improving unit for reducing a low-temperature air layer of pilot air formed between the pilot flame and the premixed flame. It is characterized by that.
- the low-temperature air layer is made thin because it includes the fire transfer improvement part that reduces the low-temperature air layer of the pilot air formed between the pilot flame and the premixed flame.
- the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame is shortened, and the fire transfer from the pilot flame to the premixed gas is improved.
- the fire transfer property improving portion is a flow path closing member installed so as to close one or a plurality of locations of the inter-vane air flow path with respect to the pilot swirler provided in the pilot air flow path. In this way, a region where the low-temperature air layer is thin is formed downstream of the flow path closing member, and the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be reduced.
- the fire transferability improving portion is one or a plurality of plate-like projecting members protruding rearward from the outer edge portion of the pilot cone, whereby the plate-like projecting member is a flow of pilot air.
- the plate-like projecting member is a flow of pilot air.
- the fire transferability improving portion is a wedge-shaped vortex generator having a receding angle provided at one or a plurality of locations on the inner peripheral surface of the pilot cone outer edge portion. A vortex is generated in the air flow, and a part of the premixed gas in the main burner is caught in the pilot burner, whereby the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be reduced.
- the fire transferability improving portion is preferably a substantially triangular prism-shaped flow dividing member provided on one or more inner peripheral surfaces of the pilot cone, whereby a low temperature air layer is provided downstream of the flow dividing member. Can form a thin region, and the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be reduced.
- the fire transferability improving portion is preferably a bypass flow passage formed at an outlet portion of a pilot cone and diverting a part of pilot air to the main burner side.
- a region where the low-temperature air layer is thin is formed downstream of the gas, and the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be reduced.
- the bypass flow path in this case may be formed all around or intermittently in the circumferential direction of the pilot cone. Note that the flow rate of the pilot air that is bypassed here is very small compared to the flow rate of the main air supplied to the main burner, so the adverse effect of diluting the premixed gas can be ignored.
- the fire transfer property improving part is preferably a substantially triangular prism-shaped diverting member provided at one or a plurality of pilot swirler outlets, whereby a low-temperature air layer is provided downstream of the diverting member. A thin region can be formed, and the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be reduced.
- the fire transferability improving portion is preferably one or a plurality of raised portions formed on an inner wall surface by pressing a pilot cone, whereby a low temperature air layer is formed downstream of the raised portion. Can form a thin region, and the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be reduced.
- the fire transfer property improving part is preferably a narrow part provided partially at a swirler outlet of the pilot air flow path, thereby forming a region where the low-temperature air layer is thin downstream of the narrow part.
- the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be reduced.
- the low temperature air layer is thinned and premixed by providing the fire transfer property improving section for reducing the low temperature air layer of the pilot air formed between the pilot flame and the premixed flame.
- the distance between the gas and the pilot flame can be shortened, and the fire transfer from the pilot flame to the premixed gas can be improved.
- the combustion of the premixed gas becomes stable and a stable premixed flame is formed, so that the combustion vibration of the gas turbine combustor that is dominated by the flame holding property of the premixed flame can be improved.
- FIG. 7A It is a figure which shows 3rd Embodiment of the gas turbine combustor which concerns on this invention, and is the block diagram of the right half which looked at the gas turbine combustor from the exit side. It is the figure which looked at the vortex generator of Drawing 6A from the axis center side of a pilot cone. It is the figure which looked at the vortex generator of FIG. 6B from the downstream. It is a figure which shows 4th Embodiment of the gas turbine combustor which concerns on this invention, and is the block diagram of the right half which looked at the gas turbine combustor from the exit side. It is sectional drawing of FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 11A It is a figure which shows 8th Embodiment of the gas turbine combustor which concerns on this invention, and is sectional drawing which shows the principal part structural example. It is A arrow line view of FIG. 11A. It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example about the conventional gas turbine combustor.
- a pilot burner 3 is disposed at the center position of a combustor main body 2 formed in a cylindrical shape, and a plurality (for example, 8) are provided so as to surround the periphery of the pilot burner 3.
- Main) burners 10 are arranged at equal pitches in the circumferential direction.
- the pilot burner 3 includes a pilot nozzle 4 that supplies pilot fuel, and a pilot air flow path 5 that is formed around the pilot nozzle 4 and supplies pilot air.
- the pilot fuel supplied through the pilot nozzle 4 is combusted by the pilot air supplied from the pilot air flow path 5, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the pilot extends from the combustor shaft center to the rear of the flame holder 9. Form a flame.
- a pilot swirler 6 is installed which makes the pilot air flow swirl.
- the pilot swirler 6 is formed by dividing the inside of the pilot air flow path 5 in the circumferential direction and arranging a plurality of vanes 6a having a shape for turning the air flow at an equal pitch.
- the cylindrical member 8 forming the pilot air flow path 5 is provided with a pilot cone 7 whose diameter at the downstream end is increased.
- the main burner 10 includes a main nozzle 11 that supplies main fuel, and a main air passage 12 that is formed around the main nozzle 11 and supplies main air.
- the main fuel supplied from the main nozzle 11 is injected from the main nozzle 11 and then premixed with the main air supplied through the main air flow path 12 to become a premixed gas.
- the premixed gas is burned downstream of the flame holder 9 due to the transferability of the pilot flame.
- a main swirler 13 that makes the flow of main air a swirl flow is installed in the main air flow path 12 described above.
- the main air that has turned into the swirl flow after passing through the main swirler 13 is promoted to be premixed with the main fuel.
- a pilot burner 3 that is provided at the center of the combustor body 2 formed in a cylindrical shape to form a pilot flame, and a plurality of pre-burning flames are disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the pilot burner 3.
- the fire transfer property is improved by reducing the low-temperature air layer of the pilot air formed between the pilot flame and the premixed flame.
- a flow path closing member 20 is provided.
- the channel closing member 20 is installed so as to block one or a plurality of locations in the air channel formed between the adjacent vanes 6a with respect to the pilot swirler 6 provided in the pilot air channel 5. .
- four inter-vane air flow paths are blocked at a pitch of about 90 degrees with respect to the inter-vane air flow paths divided into 16 in the circumferential direction by 16 vanes 6 a constituting the pilot swirler 6.
- Four flow path blocking members 20 are provided.
- the gas turbine combustor 1A configured in this way forms a region where the low-temperature air layer is thin downstream of the flow path closing member 20, the distance formed between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be reduced. it can.
- the horizontal axis represents the premixed flame surface position of the gas turbine combustor 1, and the outer side in the radial direction is toward the right side of the paper.
- shaft of FIG. 3 is the circumferential direction angle of the gas turbine combustor 1, and corresponds with the direction which installed the four flow-path obstruction
- the boundary line L between the pilot air region of the low temperature air layer formed outside the pilot flame surface indicated by the broken line and the premixed gas region where the premixed gas flowing out from the main burner 10 exists is It changes by drawing an approximate sine curve.
- the thickness of the low-temperature air layer alternately changes in a sine curve from the thickest Ta to the thinnest Tb.
- the circumferential angle corresponding to Tb at which the low-temperature air layer becomes the thinnest is the position of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2, and the flow path blocking members 20 installed at 90 ° pitch at the positions of the circumferential angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 Exists.
- the thickness of the low-temperature air layer on the downstream side of the flow path closing member 20 is reduced because the flow path of the pilot air flowing through the pilot air flow path 5 is blocked by the flow path closing plate 20. This is because the flow rate of pilot air having a low temperature decreases.
- the gas turbine combustor 1 ⁇ / b> A including the above-described flow path closing member 20 includes a fire transfer property improving unit that reduces a low-temperature air layer of pilot air formed between the pilot flame and the premixed flame. Therefore, the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be shortened by thinning the low temperature air layer. As a result, since the influence which a pilot flame receives from a low-temperature air layer can be reduced, the fire transfer property from a pilot flame to a premixed gas can be improved. And since the combustion of the premixed gas becomes stable, it becomes possible to form a stable premixed flame, so that the combustion vibration of the gas turbine combustor 1A controlled by the flame holding property of the premixed flame can be improved. it can.
- the configuration example in which the four flow path blocking members 20 are arranged at a pitch of 90 degrees has been shown.
- at least of the vane 6a of the pilot swirler 6 that is generally about 8 to 20 is disposed. What is necessary is just to block
- a plurality of flow path blocking members 20 when installed, they may be arranged at an equal pitch in the circumferential direction. However, as a countermeasure against combustion vibration, it is desirable to have an unequal pitch so as to be asymmetric.
- the configuration of this embodiment does not require a structural change of the cylindrical member 8 provided with the pilot cone 7, and it is only necessary to close a part between the vanes 6a, so that the construction is simple and simple. It becomes.
- the gas turbine combustor 1 ⁇ / b> B is provided with one or a plurality of plate-like projecting members 21 projecting rearward from the outer edge portion of the pilot cone 7 as a fire transfer improving portion.
- the cylindrical member 8 of the present embodiment employs the pilot cone 7 having the plate-like member 21 at the rear end.
- the flow of pilot air flowing out through the pilot air flow path 5 generates a vortex (see arrow W in the figure) on the downstream side of the plate-like projection member 21.
- a vortex see arrow W in the figure
- a part of the premixed gas in the main burner 10 is caught by the pilot burner 3 due to the flow of the vortex. That is, in the flame formation region provided behind the flame holder 9, a part of the premixed gas approaches the pilot flame side, so that the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be reduced as a whole. it can.
- the fire transfer property from a pilot flame to a premixed gas can be improved.
- the combustion of the premixed gas becomes stable, it becomes possible to form a stable premixed flame, so that the combustion vibration of the gas turbine combustor 1A controlled by the flame holding property of the premixed flame can be improved. it can.
- the four plate-shaped projection members 21 are provided at a pitch of 90 degrees, at least one or a plurality of plate-shaped projection members 21 may be installed. At this time, it is not necessary to arrange the plate-like projecting members 21 at an equal pitch in the circumferential direction, and as an anti-combustion measure, it is desirable to set the pitches at unequal pitches to be asymmetric.
- FIGS. 6A to 6C a third embodiment of the gas turbine combustor according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6C.
- the outer peripheral main burner is omitted, and only the pilot burner is shown.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in the above-described embodiment, and the detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a wedge-shaped vortex generator 22 having a receding angle provided at one or a plurality of locations is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the pilot cone 7 as the outer edge portion of the pilot cone 7 as a fire transfer property improving portion.
- the cylindrical member 8 of the present embodiment employs the pilot cone 7 having the wedge-shaped vortex generator 22 on the inner peripheral surface of the outer edge portion.
- the wedge-shaped vortex generator 22 generates a vortex in the flow of the pilot air, so that a part of the premixed gas in the main burner 10 is caught by the pilot burner. That is, in the flame formation region provided behind the flame holder 9, a part of the premixed gas approaches the pilot flame side, so that the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be reduced as a whole. it can.
- the wedge-shaped vortex generators 22 need not be arranged at an equal pitch in the circumferential direction, and as an anti-combustion measure, it is desirable that the wedge-shaped vortex generators 22 have an unequal pitch so as to be asymmetric.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B a fourth embodiment of the gas turbine combustor according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B.
- the outer peripheral main burner is omitted, and only the pilot burner is shown.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in the above-described embodiment, and the detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a substantially triangular prism-shaped flow dividing member 23 is provided as one or more provided on the inner peripheral surface of the pilot cone 7 as a fire transfer improving portion.
- the diversion member 23 is installed so that the tip corner portion of the triangular prism is located on the upstream side and gradually increases in width toward the downstream side.
- a thin region of the low-temperature air layer is formed downstream of the flow dividing member 23, so that the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be reduced.
- the fire transfer property from a pilot flame to a premixed gas can be improved.
- the combustion of the premixed gas becomes stable, it becomes possible to form a stable premixed flame, so that it is possible to improve the combustion vibration of the gas turbine combustor 1D governed by the flame holding property of the premixed flame. it can.
- the four flow dividing members 23 are provided at a pitch of 90 degrees, but at least one or a plurality of flow dividing members 23 may be installed. At this time, it is not necessary to arrange the flow dividing members 23 at equal pitches in the circumferential direction, and as countermeasures against combustion vibrations, it is desirable to set them at unequal pitches to be asymmetric.
- the gas turbine combustor 1 ⁇ / b> E includes a bypass passage 24 that is formed at the outlet of the pilot cone 7 as a fire transfer improving portion and diverts part of the pilot air to the main burner 10 side.
- the bypass flow path 24 is formed by, for example, attaching a substantially L-shaped cross-section member 25 to the outlet portion of the pilot cone 7, as long as part of the pilot air is actively guided to the main burner 10 side.
- the low temperature air layer formed around the pilot flame is the pilot air. It becomes thinner by the decrease due to the air shunt. For this reason, a region where the low-temperature air layer is thin is formed downstream of the bypass flow path 24, and the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be reduced.
- the bypass flow path 24 in this case may be formed all around or intermittently in the circumferential direction of the pilot cone 7. Further, when the bypass flow path 24 is intermittently formed in the circumferential direction, it is not necessary to dispose the bypass flow path 24 at an equal pitch in the circumferential direction. It is desirable to use a pitch. Note that the flow rate of pilot air bypassed here is very small compared to the flow rate of main air supplied to the main burner 10, so that the premixed gas on the main burner 10 side is diluted. Negative effects can be ignored.
- the influence of the pilot flame from the low-temperature air layer can be reduced, so that the fire transfer from the pilot flame to the premixed gas can be improved.
- the combustion of the premixed gas becomes stable, it becomes possible to form a stable premixed flame, so that it is possible to improve the combustion vibration of the gas turbine combustor 1E controlled by the flame holding property of the premixed flame. it can.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B a sixth embodiment of the gas turbine combustor according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 9A and 9B.
- the outer peripheral main burner is omitted, and only the pilot burner is shown.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in the above-described embodiment, and the detailed description thereof is omitted.
- one or a plurality of flow dividing members 26 having a substantially triangular prism shape are provided at the outlet portion of the pilot swirler 6 as a fire transfer property improving portion.
- the diversion member 26 is installed such that the tip corner portion of the triangular prism is located on the upstream side and gradually increases in width toward the downstream side.
- a thin region of the low-temperature air layer is formed downstream of the flow dividing member 26, so that the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame can be reduced.
- the fire transfer property from a pilot flame to a premixed gas can be improved.
- the combustion of the premixed gas becomes stable, it becomes possible to form a stable premixed flame, so that it is possible to improve the combustion vibration of the gas turbine combustor 1D governed by the flame holding property of the premixed flame. it can.
- the four flow dividing members 26 are provided at a pitch of 90 degrees, but at least one or a plurality of flow dividing members 26 may be installed. At this time, the arrangement of the flow dividing members 26 does not need to be equal pitches in the circumferential direction.
- FIG. 10 used here omits the outer peripheral main burner and shows only the pilot burner.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in the above-described embodiment, and the detailed description thereof is omitted.
- one or a plurality of raised portions 27 formed on the inner wall surface by pressing the pilot cone 7 are provided as the fire transfer property improving portion. Since the raised portion 27 is formed by partially pressing the outside of the pilot cone 7 and raising the inner peripheral surface to the inside, it has a low cost structure.
- a thin region of a low-temperature air layer is formed downstream of the raised portion 27 as in the case of the diversion members 23 and 26 described above, so that the distance between the premixed gas and the pilot flame is reduced. be able to.
- the fire transfer property from a pilot flame to a premixed gas can be improved.
- the combustion of the premixed gas becomes stable, it becomes possible to form a stable premixed flame, so that the combustion vibration of the gas turbine combustor 1G governed by the flame holding property of the premixed flame can be improved. it can.
- raised portions 27 are provided at a pitch of 90 degrees, but at least one raised portion 27 may be provided. At this time, it is not necessary to arrange the raised portions 27 at an equal pitch in the circumferential direction, and it is desirable to set the unequal pitches to be asymmetric as a countermeasure against combustion vibration.
- FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B The gas turbine combustor 1H of FIG. 11A used here omits the outer peripheral main burner and shows only the pilot burner.
- a partial narrow portion 28 is provided at the outlet of the swirler of the pilot air flow path 5 as a fire transfer improving portion.
- the narrowed portion 28 is formed by partially extending the rear end cone portion 5a of the pilot nozzle 5 that expands to the downstream side.
- the swirler outlet portion of the pilot air flow path 5 is provided with a normal tongue portion 5b in which the rear end of the rear end cone portion 5a is intermittently extended rearward.
- a narrow portion 28 is formed by narrowing the flow path dimension S to Sa.
- the tongue-shaped part 5b is provided in equal pitch over the perimeter of the circumferential direction, this tongue-shaped part 5b may be installed in a part of circumferential direction, or Alternatively, they may be installed at unequal pitches in the circumferential direction.
- a stable pilot flame (diffusion flame) is formed by the diffusion combustion of the pilot burner 2, and this pilot flame is bridged to the premixed gas of the main burner 10.
- the premixed flame obtained by burning the premixed gas becomes stable. That is, since the combustion of the premixed gas becomes stable and a stable premixed flame is formed, it is possible to improve the combustion vibration of the gas turbine combustor that is governed by the flame holding property of the premixed flame.
- this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, For example, it can change suitably in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention, such as employ
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Abstract
Description
パイロットバーナ3は、パイロットノズル4とその周囲に形成されたパイロット空気流路5とを備えている。パイロットノズル4を通って供給されたパイロット燃料は、パイロット空気流路5から供給されるパイロット空気により燃焼し、保炎器9の後方へ延びるパイロット火炎を形成する。なお、図中の符号6はパイロット空気流路5内に設置されて旋回流を形成するパイロットスワラー、7はパイロット空気流路5を形成する筒状部材8の下流側端部を拡径したパイロットコーンである。
すなわち、上述したガスタービン燃焼器1は、保炎性に支配される30~80Hz程度の燃焼振動を防止または抑制するため、パイロットバーナ2の拡散燃焼により安定したパイロット火炎(拡散火炎)を形成し、このパイロット火炎がメインバーナ10の予混合気まで橋渡しされる火移り性により、予混合気を燃焼させて得られる予混合火炎を安定させるように構成されている。
また、予混合燃焼域における予混合気の着火性能を向上させるため、パイロットコーンの先端部下流側に向けて空気を噴出する空気噴出手段を設けるとともに、パイロットコーンの先端部下流側に形成される保炎低速域あるいはその近傍に燃料を噴出する燃料噴出手段をパイロットコーンに設けたガスタービン燃焼器が提案されている。(たとえば、特許文献2参照)
すなわち、図12に示すガスタービン燃焼器1において、パイロットスワラー6を通過したパイロット空気は旋回空気流となり、パイロットコーン7の内面に沿って保炎器9まで到達する。この旋回空気流は、保炎器9の下流においてパイロット火炎と予混合火炎との間に低温空気層を形成する。
本発明は、上記の事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、パイロット火炎と予混合火炎との間に形成されるパイロット空気の低温空気層を低減し、予混合火炎の保炎性を向上させることができるガスタービン燃焼器を提供することにある。
本発明に係るガスタービン燃焼器は、筒状に形成された燃焼器本体の中心部に設けられてパイロット火炎を形成するパイロットバーナと、該パイロットバーナの外周を取り巻くように複数配設されて予混合火炎を形成するメインバーナとを具備してなるガスタービン燃焼器において、前記パイロット火炎と前記予混合火炎との間に形成されるパイロット空気の低温空気層を低減する火移り性改善部を備えていることを特徴とするものである。
2 燃焼器本体
3 パイロットバーナ
4 パイロットノズル
5 パイロット空気流路
6 パイロットスワラー
7 パイロットコーン
8 筒状部材
9 保炎器
10 メインバーナ
11 メインノズル
12 メイン空気流路
13 メインスワラー
20 流路閉塞部材(火移り性改善部)
21 板状突起部材(火移り性改善部)
22 ボルテックスジェネレータ(火移り性改善部)
23,26 分流部材(火移り性改善部)
24 バイパス流路(火移り性改善部)
27 隆起部(火移り性改善部)
28 狭隘部(火移り性改善部)
<第1の実施形態>
図1及び図2に示すガスタービン燃焼器1Aは、筒状に形成された燃焼器本体2の中心位置にパイロットバーナ3が配置され、このパイロットバーナ3の周囲を取り囲むようにして複数(たとえば8本)のメインバーナ10が円周方向へ等ピッチに配置された構成とされる。
上述したパイロット空気流路5の内部には、パイロット空気の流れを旋回流とするパイロットスワラー6が設置されている。このパイロットスワラー6は、パイロット空気流路5内を周方向に分割するとともに、空気流に旋回を与える形状のベーン6aが等ピッチに複数枚配設されたものである。また、パイロット空気流路5を形成する筒状部材8には、下流側端部を拡径したパイロットコーン7が設けられている。
上述したメイン空気流路12には、メイン空気の流れを旋回流とするメインスワラー13が設置されている。このメインスワラー13を通過して旋回流となったメイン空気は、メイン燃料との予混合が促進される。
図3において、横軸はガスタービン燃焼器1の予混合火炎面位置であり、紙面右側ほど半径方向の外側となる。また、図3の縦軸はガスタービン燃焼器1の周方向角度であり、上述した4枚の流路閉塞部材20を90度ピッチに設置した方向と一致している。この図によれば、破線で示すパイロット火炎面の外側に形成される低温空気層のパイロット空気域と、メインバーナ10から流出した予混合気が存在する予混合気域との境界線Lは、略サインカーブを描いて変化している。
また、この実施形態の構成は、パイロットコーン7を備えた筒状部材8の構造変更が不要であり、しかも、ベーン6a間の一部を閉塞するのみでよいので、工作が簡単で単純な構造となる。
続いて、本発明に係るガスタービン燃焼器について、第2の実施形態を図4及び図5に基づいて説明する。なお、以下の説明では、上述した実施形態と同様の部分には同じ符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
この実施形態において、ガスタービン燃焼器1Bには、火移り性改善部として、パイロットコーン7の外縁部より後方へ突出する1または複数枚の板状突起部材21が設けられている。図示の構成では、パイロットコーン7の後端部から後方の火炎形成領域へ突出するように、周方向へ90度ピッチに配置した4枚の板状突起部材21が設けられている。換言すれば、本実施形態の筒状部材8は、後端部に板状部材21を備えたパイロットコーン7を採用している。
ところで、上述した本実施形態では、90度ピッチに4枚の板状突起部材21を設けてあるが、少なくとも1枚または複数枚の板状突起部材21を設置すればよい。このとき、板状突起部材21の配置は周方向に等ピッチとする必要はなく、燃焼振動対策としては、非対称となるように不等ピッチとすることが望ましい。
続いて、本発明に係るガスタービン燃焼器について、第3の実施形態を図6A~図6Cに基づいて説明する。ここで使用する図6Aのガスタービン燃焼器1Cは、外周側のメインバーナを省略し、パイロットバーナのみを示している。なお、以下の説明では、上述した実施形態と同様の部分には同じ符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
この実施形態では、火移り性改善部として、パイロットコーン7の外縁部となる位置の内周面に、1または複数箇所設けられた後退角を有する楔状ボルテックスジェネレータ22が設けられている。図示の構成では、パイロットコーン7の外縁部内周面に、周方向へ90度ピッチに配置した4個の楔状ボルテックスジェネレータ22が設けられている。換言すれば、本実施形態の筒状部材8は、外縁部内周面に楔状ボルテックスジェネレータ22を備えたパイロットコーン7を採用している。
楔状ボルテックスジェネレータ22は、図6Bに示すように、流れ方向と交差する寸法(幅)について、上流側の幅aが下流側の幅bより広い後退角を有している。また、楔状ボルテックスジェネレータ22は、図6Cに示すように、流れ方向の高さ寸法hについては、パイロットコーン7の外縁部内周面と同一(h=0)になる上流側から下流側へ増加する楔状になっている。
このような構成としても、楔状ボルテックスジェネレータ22がパイロット空気の流れに渦を生じさせるので、メインバーナ10の予混合気は、一部がパイロットバーナよりに巻き込まれる。すなわち、保炎器9の後方に設けられた火炎形成領域では、予混合気の一部がパイロット火炎側へ近づくことになるので、全体としては予混合気とパイロット火炎との距離を縮めることができる。
ところで、上述した本実施形態では、90度ピッチに4個の楔状ボルテックスジェネレータ22を設けてあるが、少なくとも1個または複数個の楔状ボルテックスジェネレータ22を設置すればよい。このとき、楔状ボルテックスジェネレータ22の配置は周方向に等ピッチとする必要はなく、燃焼振動対策としては、非対称となるように不等ピッチとすることが望ましい。
続いて、本発明に係るガスタービン燃焼器について、第4の実施形態を図7A及び図7Bに基づいて説明する。ここで使用する図7Aのガスタービン燃焼器1Dは、外周側のメインバーナを省略し、パイロットバーナのみを示している。なお、以下の説明では、上述した実施形態と同様の部分には同じ符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
この実施形態では、火移り性改善部として、パイロットコーン7内周面に1または複数個設けられた略三角柱形状の分流部材23が設けられている。この分流部材23は、三角柱の先端角部が上流側に位置し、下流側へ徐々に幅を広げるように設置されている。
この結果、パイロット火炎が低温空気層から受ける影響を低減できるので、パイロット火炎から予混合気への火移り性を向上させることができる。そして、予混合気の燃焼が安定することにより、安定した予混合火炎の形成が可能になるので、予混合火炎の保炎性に支配されるガスタービン燃焼器1Dの燃焼振動を改善することができる。
続いて、本発明に係るガスタービン燃焼器について、第5の実施形態を図8に基づいて説明する。なお、以下の説明では、上述した実施形態と同様の部分には同じ符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
この実施形態において、ガスタービン燃焼器1Eは、火移り性改善部として、パイロットコーン7出口部に形成され、パイロット空気の一部をメインバーナ10側へ分流させるバイパス流路24を備えている。このバイパス流路24は、たとえば略L字状断面部材25をパイロットコーン7の出口部に取り付けることにより形成されるが、パイロット空気の一部を積極的にメインバーナ10側へ導くものであれば特に限定されることはない。
なお、ここでバイパスされるパイロット空気の流量は、メインバーナ10に供給されるメイン空気の流量と比較すれば非常に小さいものであるため、メインバーナ10側の予混合気を希薄にするような悪影響は無視することができる。
続いて、本発明に係るガスタービン燃焼器について、第6の実施形態を図9A及び図9Bに基づいて説明する。ここで使用する図9Aのガスタービン燃焼器1Fは、外周側のメインバーナを省略し、パイロットバーナのみを示している。なお、以下の説明では、上述した実施形態と同様の部分には同じ符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
この実施形態では、火移り性改善部として、略三角柱形状の分流部材26がパイロットスワラー6の出口部に1または複数個設けられている。この分流部材26は、三角柱の先端角部が上流側に位置し、下流側へ徐々に幅を広げるように設置されている。
この結果、パイロット火炎が低温空気層から受ける影響を低減できるので、パイロット火炎から予混合気への火移り性を向上させることができる。そして、予混合気の燃焼が安定することにより、安定した予混合火炎の形成が可能になるので、予混合火炎の保炎性に支配されるガスタービン燃焼器1Dの燃焼振動を改善することができる。
続いて、本発明に係るガスタービン燃焼器について、第7の実施形態を図10に基づいて説明する。ここで使用する図10のガスタービン燃焼器1Gは、外周側のメインバーナを省略し、パイロットバーナのみを示している。なお、以下の説明では、上述した実施形態と同様の部分には同じ符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
この実施形態では、火移り性改善部として、パイロットコーン7をプレス加工して内壁面に形成された1または複数個の隆起部27が設けられている。この隆起部27は、パイロットコーン7の外側から部分的なプレス加工を施し、内周面を内側に隆起させたものであるから、低コストの構造となる。
この結果、パイロット火炎が低温空気層から受ける影響を低減できるので、パイロット火炎から予混合気への火移り性を向上させることができる。そして、予混合気の燃焼が安定することにより、安定した予混合火炎の形成が可能になるので、予混合火炎の保炎性に支配されるガスタービン燃焼器1Gの燃焼振動を改善することができる。
続いて、本発明に係るガスタービン燃焼器について、第8の実施形態を図11A及び図11Bに基づいて説明する。ここで使用する図11Aのガスタービン燃焼器1Hは、外周側のメインバーナを省略し、パイロットバーナのみを示している。なお、以下の説明では、上述した実施形態と同様の部分には同じ符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
この実施形態では、火移り性改善部として、パイロット空気流路5のスワラー出口に部分的な狭隘部28が設けられている。この狭隘部28は、後流側へ拡径するパイロットノズル5の後端コーン部5aを部分的に延長することで形成されている。
このような狭隘部28を形成することにより、狭隘部28の下流に低温空気層が薄い領域を形成できるので、予混合気とパイロット火炎との距離を縮めることができる。
ところで、上述した本実施形態では、舌状部5bが周方向の全周にわたって等ピッチに設けられているが、この舌状部5bは、周方向の一部に設置してもよいし、あるいは、周方向へ不等ピッチに設置してもよい。
なお、本発明は上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、たとえば各実施形態の構成を適宜組み合わせて採用するなど、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において適宜変更することができる。
Claims (9)
- 筒状に形成された燃焼器本体の中心部に設けられてパイロット火炎を形成するパイロットバーナと、該パイロットバーナの外周を取り巻くように複数配設されて予混合火炎を形成するメインバーナとを具備してなるガスタービン燃焼器において、
前記パイロット火炎と前記予混合火炎との間に形成されるパイロット空気の低温空気層を低減する火移り性改善部を備えていることを特徴とするガスタービン燃焼器。 - 前記火移り性改善部が、パイロット空気流路に設けられたパイロットスワラーに対し、ベーン間空気流路の1または複数箇所を塞ぐように設置された流路閉塞部材であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガスタービン燃焼器。
- 前記火移り性改善部が、パイロットコーンの外縁部より後方へ突出する1または複数枚の板状突起部材であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガスタービン燃焼器。
- 前記火移り性改善部が、パイロットコーン外縁部の内周面に1または複数箇所設けられた後退角を有する楔状ボルテックスジェネレータであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガスタービン燃焼器。
- 前記火移り性改善部が、パイロットコーンの内周面に1または複数個設けられた略三角柱形状の分流部材であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガスタービン燃焼器。
- 前記火移り性改善部が、パイロットコーンの出口部に形成され、パイロット空気の一部を前記メインバーナ側へ分流させるバイパス流路であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガスタービン燃焼器。
- 前記火移り性改善部が、パイロットスワラーの出口部に1または複数個設けられた略三角柱形状の分流部材であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガスタービン燃焼器。
- 前記火移り性改善部が、パイロットコーンをプレス加工して内壁面に形成された1または複数個の隆起部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガスタービン燃焼器。
- 前記火移り性改善部が、パイロット空気流路のスワラー出口に部分的な設けた狭隘部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガスタービン燃焼器。
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CN2008800245088A CN101743442B (zh) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-19 | 燃气轮机燃烧器 |
US12/666,673 US8794004B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-19 | Gas turbine combustor |
US14/317,357 US9791149B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2014-06-27 | Gas turbine combustor |
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- 2008-12-19 WO PCT/JP2008/073177 patent/WO2009081856A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-12-19 US US12/666,673 patent/US8794004B2/en active Active
- 2008-12-19 CN CN2008800245088A patent/CN101743442B/zh active Active
- 2008-12-19 EP EP08863965.3A patent/EP2187127B1/en active Active
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2014
- 2014-06-27 US US14/317,357 patent/US9791149B2/en active Active
- 2014-06-27 US US14/317,363 patent/US9612013B2/en active Active
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20120144832A1 (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-14 | General Electric Company | Passive air-fuel mixing prechamber |
WO2015178149A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-23 | 2015-11-26 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | ガスタービン燃焼器及びガスタービン |
US10094565B2 (en) | 2014-05-23 | 2018-10-09 | Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. | Gas turbine combustor and gas turbine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20140305094A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
CN101743442B (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
EP2187127A4 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
US9612013B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
US20100319351A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
CN101743442A (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
US8794004B2 (en) | 2014-08-05 |
JP5173393B2 (ja) | 2013-04-03 |
US20140305095A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
EP2187127B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
US9791149B2 (en) | 2017-10-17 |
KR20100018604A (ko) | 2010-02-17 |
EP2187127A1 (en) | 2010-05-19 |
JP2009150615A (ja) | 2009-07-09 |
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