WO2004021617A1 - 通信装置および通信方法 - Google Patents
通信装置および通信方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004021617A1 WO2004021617A1 PCT/JP2003/010920 JP0310920W WO2004021617A1 WO 2004021617 A1 WO2004021617 A1 WO 2004021617A1 JP 0310920 W JP0310920 W JP 0310920W WO 2004021617 A1 WO2004021617 A1 WO 2004021617A1
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- subcarrier
- subcarriers
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 361
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 61
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
- H04B1/719—Interference-related aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
- H04B1/71632—Signal aspects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2602—Signal structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2614—Peak power aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/692—Hybrid techniques using combinations of two or more spread spectrum techniques
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique used for digital wireless communication, and particularly to impulse communication. Background technology
- FIG. 44 shows a conventional communication device described in US Pat. No. 5,657,727.
- a subcarrier generator and a modulator 4401 generate a modulated subcarrier signal that is modulated with an information signal, and output the modulated subcarrier signal to a subcarrier time modulator 4402.
- the encoded timing signal is modulated by the subcarrier time modulator 4402, and a modulated and encoded timing signal is generated. This timing signal is emitted as an electromagnetic pulse from the transmitting antenna 4404 via the output stage 4403.
- the conventional communication device can use subcarriers with different frequencies or waveforms. Are simultaneously used to channelize the impulse signal, and individual channels can communicate simultaneously on a large number of independent channels by using different subcarriers.
- a subcarrier with a high frequency has a limited area that can be transmitted, has a greater effect of shadowing, and has a greater attenuation by a shield such as a wall, than a subcarrier with a lower frequency.
- This can be said to mean that, in general, good communication can be performed with low line breaks and wide communication areas in low-frequency bands, but high-bandwidth has a high rate of line breaks and narrow communication areas. . The following can be considered as these causes.
- Free space propagation loss loss increases as frequency increases. The communication area becomes smaller. Transmission characteristics: As the frequency increases, the loss when transmitting through a shield increases. Diffraction effect: As the frequency increases, the diffraction effect decreases and the effect of shadowing increases.
- the communication system using the impulse modulation method has a problem that the above-mentioned adverse effects are large compared to the conventional communication system having a carrier interval of several MHz to several 10 MHz. . Disclosure of the invention
- the communication device that solves the above-mentioned problems can provide a communication device according to the content of information to be communicated (importance, whether or not it is control information, etc.), the amount of information, and the required communication quality. By assigning subcarriers to be communicated, appropriate communication can be performed. As a result, communication with high flexibility and high noise resistance can be performed.
- a communication device includes a transmission modulation unit that impulse-modulates transmission data and generates a subcarrier, and a carrier that controls a subcarrier used for communication based on an amount and importance of information and a propagation state of communication. It has a control unit and an antenna unit that radiates subcarriers. As a result, a subcarrier suitable for information to be transmitted and a propagation environment can be selected, so that communication with high flexibility and high noise resistance can be performed.
- the communication apparatus further includes a reception demodulation unit that detects reception data and checks reception power for each subcarrier, and determines whether subcarriers can be used according to the reception power checked by the reception demodulation unit. Is notified to the carrier control unit.
- a reception demodulation unit that detects reception data and checks reception power for each subcarrier, and determines whether subcarriers can be used according to the reception power checked by the reception demodulation unit. Is notified to the carrier control unit.
- the communication apparatus is characterized in that the carrier control unit performs hopping on two or more subcarriers.
- the communication device is characterized in that the carrier control unit spreads the signal on two or more subcarriers.
- the communication device is characterized in that the transmission modulation section changes the frequency arrangement of the subcarriers according to the communication situation.
- the communication apparatus is characterized in that the transmission modulation section allocates a narrow band to a subcarrier having a low center frequency, and allocates a wide band to a subcarrier having a high center frequency.
- the communication device further includes a channel control unit that selectively controls a subcarrier to be used for each channel, wherein the channel control unit communicates on two or more channels with different subcarriers. I do. Further, the communication device according to the present invention is characterized in that the channel control unit performs communication on two or more channels using a combination of different subcarriers.
- the communication device is characterized in that the carrier control unit communicates control information using at least one subcarrier.
- the transmission modulation unit may use at least one of two or more subcarriers by using one of time division multiplexing and code division multiplexing for at least two channels. Is multiplexed.
- the communication apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that the transmission modulation section performs frequency division multiplexing (Freq en nc D iv i s on Dup lex) using two or more subcarriers.
- the communication apparatus is characterized in that the transmission modulation section performs frequency division multiplexing (Freq en nc D iv i s on Dup lex) using three or more subcarriers.
- Freq en nc D iv i s on Dup lex frequency division multiplexing
- the communication apparatus is characterized in that the center frequency of a subcarrier with which the transmission modulator communicates control information is lower than the center frequency of the other subcarriers. Further, the communication apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that the band of the subcarrier with which the transmission modulator communicates control information is narrower than the bands of the other subcarriers.
- the communication apparatus is characterized in that the transmission modulation section divides one symbol into two or more subcarriers and multiplexes two or more channels.
- the communication apparatus is characterized in that the transmission modulation section multiplexes two or more channels by frequency-hopping one symbol using two or more subcarriers.
- the communication apparatus is characterized in that the transmission modulation section spreads one symbol on two or more subcarriers and multiplexes two or more channels.
- the transmission modulation unit may include one symbol for two or more The feature is to spread on a carrier and to two or more chips and multiplex two or more channels.
- the communication device is characterized in that the antenna unit includes a plurality of antenna elements.
- the antenna element has better narrow-band characteristics in terms of radiation characteristics and mechanical shape, so that it is easy to reduce the size and improve the performance.
- the communication device is characterized in that the frequency characteristic of the antenna section has a multi-band characteristic.
- the antenna element of the communication device according to the present invention is characterized in that the center frequency of the band characteristic is different.
- the communication device is characterized in that the band characteristics of the antenna elements do not overlap on the frequency axis.
- the antenna unit of the communication apparatus receives radio waves for each subcarrier and outputs the subcarrier signal to the reception demodulation unit.
- the antenna element of the communication device according to the present invention has frequency characteristics corresponding to subcarriers, and radiates subcarrier transmission signals as radio waves:! And features.
- the communication apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that the receiving and demodulating section includes a compensating section for detecting a characteristic of a signal sequence for each subcarrier from a known signal received from a communication partner and compensating the characteristic.
- the communication device is characterized in that the characteristic is a frequency characteristic. Further, the communication device according to the present invention is characterized in that the characteristic is a time response characteristic, and the compensator compensates the time response characteristic by a correlation signal of a correlator.
- the reception demodulation unit stores a spreading code, and extracts a spreading code corresponding to the subcarrier, and a spreading code extracted by the subcarrier signal and the spreading code storage unit.
- a despreading unit for performing a convolution operation with
- the transmission modulation unit may include a spreading code storage unit that stores a spreading code and extracts a spreading code corresponding to a subcarrier, and a modulation signal and a spreading code storage unit that are divided into subcarriers.
- a spreading unit for directly spreading the extracted spreading code onto the subcarrier.
- the reception modulation section of the communication apparatus has a switch section that switches by frequency hopping on subcarriers, and the carrier control section performs control with the switch section.
- the communication apparatus is characterized in that the transmission modulation section has a switch section for switching by frequency hopping on the subcarrier, and the carrier control section performs control by the switch section.
- a communication method is a communication method for performing impulse modulation communication using a plurality of subcarriers, wherein in an initial state before starting communication, measuring reception power for all subcarriers in a no-signal state. Determining the measured reception power and selecting a subcarrier usable for communication. As a result, since the appropriateness of the subcarrier can be detected, communication using only the subcarrier suitable for communication becomes possible.
- the determination of the communication method according to the present invention is characterized in that a subcarrier whose received power is equal to or less than a predetermined value is used for subsequent communication. As a result, a subcarrier affected by other radio waves can be detected, and communication using only a subcarrier suitable for communication becomes possible.
- the communication method at the start of communication, a step of measuring reception power of all received subcarriers of a known signal, and a subcarrier capable of using a subcarrier whose measured reception power is equal to or more than a predetermined value for communication. And a step of selecting as This makes it possible to detect a subcarrier through which transmission data is difficult to propagate, so that communication using only subcarriers suitable for communication becomes possible.
- a step of selecting as This makes it possible to detect a subcarrier through which transmission data is difficult to propagate, so that communication using only subcarriers suitable for communication becomes possible.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a communication system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of the communication device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between a band and a subcarrier according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of the reception demodulation unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of the transmission modulation section according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a frequency hopping pattern according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing multiplexing by frequency hobbing according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a frequency hopping pattern according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of a reception demodulation unit corresponding to spread communication according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration of a transmission modulation unit corresponding to spread communication according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating characteristics of subcarriers according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a relationship between an interfering wave and subcarriers according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13A is a diagram showing an impulse modulation signal on which an interfering wave according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is superimposed.
- FIGS. 13B and 13C are diagrams illustrating subcarriers of the impulse modulation signal according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration of the communication device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the relationship between subcarriers and channels according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a subcarrier signal waveform according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a relationship between subcarriers and codes according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing code division multiplexing according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration of a communication system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a frequency allocation according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing frequency allocation according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a frequency allocation procedure according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a frequency allocation procedure according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an initial procedure according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a configuration of the transmitting and receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 shows a configuration of the transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a relationship between a subset and a subcarrier according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a relationship between a subset and a subcarrier according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a frequency hopping pattern according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 shows a frequency hobbing pattern according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 shows the configuration of the receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing a relationship between filter characteristics and subcarriers according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing waveforms of an impulse signal and a received signal according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. '
- FIGS. 34A and 34B are diagrams showing waveforms of an impulse signal and a received signal according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing waveforms of an impulse signal and a received signal according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing waveforms of an impulse signal and a received signal according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing waveforms of an impulse signal and a received signal according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 38 shows the configuration of the receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram showing a subcarrier signal waveform according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
- FIG. 40 shows a transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 41 is a flowchart showing a communication operation according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 42 is a sequence diagram showing a communication operation according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram showing the filter characteristics of the filter section according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 44 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conventional communication device. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a communication system using a conventional impulse modulation signal, wherein 150 indicates a transmitting device, 151 indicates a receiving device, and 150 , A transmission modulation unit 102, and a reception device 151 includes an antenna unit 101 and a reception demodulation unit 103.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating each of the transmitting apparatus 150 and the receiving apparatus 151 shown in FIG. 1 in detail, and for convenience, a transmitting / receiving apparatus in which the transmitting apparatus 150 and the receiving apparatus 151 are combined. It was done. The blocks corresponding to those in FIG.
- Reference numeral 250 denotes a filter section for inputting a signal and dividing the signal into a plurality of subcarrier signals having a band narrower than the input signal.
- Reference numeral 102 denotes a reception demodulation unit for receiving, demodulating, and receiving a plurality of subcarrier division signals divided by the filter unit 250, and includes a reception unit 202 and a demodulation unit 203.
- Reference numeral 202 denotes a receiving unit that power-amplifies the input received signal and outputs an amplified signal.
- Reference numeral 203 denotes an input of the amplified signal, detects information from reception time, amplitude, phase, and the like, and receives the reception data. This is a demodulation unit that outputs one night.
- Reference numeral 103 denotes a transmission modulation unit for inputting, modulating, and power-amplifying transmission data and outputting a subcarrier transmission signal, and includes a modulation unit 204 and a transmission unit 205.
- Reference numeral 204 denotes a modulation unit for impulse-modulating the input transmission data according to a predetermined method and outputting a subcarrier modulation signal.
- Reference numeral 205 denotes a subcarrier modulation signal which is input, power-amplified and sub-keyed.
- the signal output from the transmitting section 205 is band-limited for each subcarrier by the filter section 250, and the multiplexed transmission signal is provided to the antenna section 101.
- the filter section 250 is composed of a plurality of filter sections 201 for limiting the band, and the pass characteristic of the filter section 250 is assumed to be configured as shown in FIG. That is, the plurality of filters 201 are different from each other. The range is limited and corresponds to the subcarriers shown in Fig. 3.
- a communication method using the impulse modulation method using the transmitting device 150 and the receiving device 151 configured as described above will be described.
- the transmitting apparatus 150 includes a transmitting modulating section 103, a filtering section 250, and an antenna section 101, and the receiving apparatus 1501 includes an antenna section 101, a filtering section 250, and a receiving section. And a modulation unit 102.
- the modulator 204 receives the transmission data and performs impulse modulation according to a predetermined procedure.
- Impulse modulation is known to include pulse position modulation in which information is read at pulse time intervals, pulse phase modulation in which information is superimposed on the pulse phase, and pulse amplitude modulation in which information is superimposed on the pulse amplitude. ing.
- an impulse modulated wave corresponding to the transmission data is generated, and a subcarrier modulated signal is output for a predetermined number of subcarriers. The same symbol is attached to this subcarrier.
- Each subcarrier modulation signal is input to the transmission section 205, and a power-amplified subcarrier transmission signal is output.
- the power-amplified subcarrier transmission signal is input to the filter unit 250, and the band is limited by the corresponding filter 201. Since the impulse modulation signal is an impulse signal, it has a characteristic that the band is very wide. Therefore, there is a corresponding frequency component even when passing through a narrow band filter having a different center frequency, so that an output corresponding to the filter is obtained. That is, the transmission signal output from the filter unit 250 is a signal in which a plurality of subcarrier signals 201 to 207, which are signals having the frequency characteristics shown in FIG. 3, are multiplexed. I have. This transmission signal is supplied to the antenna unit 101, and an electromagnetic wave is emitted by its radiation characteristics.
- the electromagnetic wave radiated in this way is received by the antenna unit 101 of the receiving device 151, and a received signal is output.
- This received signal is divided into subcarriers whose band is limited by the filter 201 of the filter unit 250, and a subcarrier division signal is output.
- the filter section 250 is the same as the one whose band was limited by the transmitter 150. It has one frequency characteristic, and the received signal becomes a subcarrier divided signal with almost no loss of the entire power by the filter 201.
- the subcarrier divided signal band-limited in this way is power-amplified by the receiving unit 202 to output a subcarrier received signal, which is supplied to the demodulating unit 203.
- the subcarrier received signal input to the demodulation unit 203 is demodulated according to the pulse interval, amplitude, and phase to become received data.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the impulse signal 1 201 and the interfering signal 1 202, where one broadband signal 1 201 (broken line) and 7 subcarrier signals 1 203 and This shows a state in which there is one interference signal 1 202.
- FIG. 13A is a diagram showing an impulse modulated signal on which an interference wave is superimposed.
- FIG. 13B is a diagram showing subcarriers f4 and f5 of the impulse modulation signal at that time.
- FIG. 13C is a diagram showing subcarriers f 1 to f 3, f 6, and f 7.
- a case where communication is performed with an impulse modulated signal as a wideband signal and a case where communication is performed with subcarrier division as described above are considered.
- the impulse modulation signal when transmitted as a wideband signal as in the past, when a high-power interfering wave is superimposed on the desired wave, the impulse part (symbol in the impulse modulation signal) or the non-signal part (symbol transition) Part), a large noise component is added. If this level exceeds a predetermined level (saturation level), the output signal will be saturated and the signal will be distorted. This is shown in Figure 13A. As a result, at the time of demodulation of the impulse modulation signal, the impulse is erroneously detected due to this distortion, or the detection accuracy is greatly deteriorated, and a serious problem occurs in communication quality.
- the communication apparatus of the present invention when an interfering wave is similarly superimposed on a communication signal divided into subcarriers, the subcarrier f shown in FIG. At 4 and f5, as shown in Fig. 13B, the communication condition deteriorates due to the influence of the interfering wave, but for the other subcarriers f1 to 3, f6, and f7, As shown in 3 C, the interference is band-limited by the filter 201, so that most of the power of the interference is removed and a high CZN is obtained. Generally, an interfering wave has little power over a wide band, and strong power exists in a specific band in many cases.Therefore, setting the subcarrier so that it is arranged over a wide band is recommended. As described above, the effect of reducing the influence increases. For this reason, it is possible to maintain communication in a favorable state by demodulating using the subcarriers fl to f3, f6, and f7 shown in FIG.
- the arrangement of the subcarriers is set by the filter unit 250, and it goes without saying that the subcarriers can be freely designed. Interference is often generated because another system is using it for communication, etc., and the band used by the system can be known in advance. For this reason, by designing the filter unit 250 so as to avoid such a band of the interference wave in advance, it is possible to minimize the communication failure due to other systems.
- the transmitting apparatus 150 does not form subcarriers (wideband).
- the same effect can be obtained by performing communication and disassembling the signal into subcarriers and demodulating them only in the receiving device 151. That is, if the transmitting device 102 emits an impulse-modulated signal as a wideband signal and the demodulating device 103 receives the signal and divides it into subcarriers and demodulates it, the effect of the interfering wave is first. It can be mitigated in the same way as described. In this case, the transmission device does not need a mechanism for dividing into subcarriers such as the filter unit 250, so that the configuration is simplified. Further, since loss caused by the filter unit 250 is reduced, an efficient transmission device 150 can be configured. In addition, this is the This shows that the subcarrier reception method of the present invention is applicable as a receiving device of the pulse modulation communication system.
- the subcarrier arrangement of the transmitting device 150 and the receiving device 151 does not need to be completely the same, and communication is possible if certain bands overlap. That is, it is not necessary to keep the frequency characteristic accuracy of the filter unit 250 provided in each of the transmitting apparatus 150 and the receiving apparatus 151 high. As described above, when there is a deviation in the frequency characteristics set by the filter 201 provided in the filter section 250, it is possible to compensate for these variations as errors. This method will be described with reference to FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows the reception demodulation unit 102 in FIG. 2 in more detail.
- f1 to fn denote subcarrier signals, respectively
- 401 denotes a compensation unit that compensates for an error (variation) generated for each subcarrier signal sequence and outputs a subcarrier compensation signal.
- Numeral 2 denotes an arithmetic unit for inputting a subcarrier compensation signal and outputting a carrier signal obtained by performing an addition operation.
- 403 is for inputting a carrier signal and detecting the amplitude, phase and pulse interval of the pulse, and receiving data corresponding thereto. This is a detection unit that outputs.
- a method of compensating for variations (errors) for each subcarrier sequence in reception demodulation section 102 configured as above will be described.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of the signal waveform of the subcarrier division signal when an impulse signal sequence is given to the antenna unit 101 in FIG.
- the subcarrier division signal f2 is shown as a reference signal
- the broken lines drawn on each subcarrier division signal f1 and f3 indicate the reference signal f2. And are provided for comparison. As shown in Fig.
- the amplitude characteristic of the subcarrier division signal f1 with respect to the reference signal f2 is a1 (the amplitude of the reference signal is normalized to 1)
- the delay characteristic is td1
- the subcarrier division Assuming that the amplitude characteristic of the signal f3 is a3 and the delay characteristic is td3, the compensator 401 corrects this variation while controlling the delay time and the amplitude.
- the compensating section 401 corresponding to the subcarrier f1 sets the delay time td + td1 and the amplitude gain to lZa1, and outputs the subcarrier compensation signal f1.
- the compensating section 402 corresponding to the subcarrier f 2 sets the delay time td + 0 and the amplitude gain to 1, and the compensating section 402 corresponding to the subcarrier f 3 has the delay time td—td 2 and the amplitude gain. Is set to —1 no a3, and each outputs a subcarrier compensation signal. Focusing on the pass characteristics of the subcarrier sequence set in a wide frequency band, the pass characteristics of the subcarrier with the highest center frequency and the delay time, phase rotation amount, and pass gain of the subcarrier with the lowest center frequency It is conceivable that transmission characteristics represented by, for example, greatly differ.
- compensating section 501 can be introduced into modulating section 204 in the same manner as demodulating section 203.
- the principle and operation are the same as those of the compensating unit 401 provided in the demodulating unit 203, and thus the description is omitted.
- a matched filter or the like in the detection unit 403.
- the function of the compensator 401 into the characteristics of the matched filter.
- the most well-known configuration of the matched fill is a correlator. This correlator adjusts the signal pattern used for correlation for each subcarrier, and It can be easily realized.
- the effect of the compensating unit 501 can be incorporated in the waveform generating unit 502 by adjusting the pattern of the generated impulse signal for each subcarrier.
- the present invention is characterized in that an impulse wideband signal is divided into subcarriers for reception and demodulation, and is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 14, the present invention can be implemented with a configuration in which the filter unit 250 is replaced with the reception unit 202 and the transmission unit 205. In addition, in the transmitting apparatus 150, the same effect can be obtained even without the filter section 250.
- the antenna section 101 in FIGS. 1 and 2 can cover the entire subcarrier band with a single antenna element, a plurality of antenna elements corresponding to a predetermined subcarrier are installed. Is also good. In the case of using the latter configuration, conventionally, it is necessary to overlap the bands of the antennas or to match the characteristics of the overlapped bands. Therefore, there is no need to overlap antenna bands, and there is no need to match antenna characteristics. Also, in general, antenna elements with narrow-band characteristics are more excellent in radiation characteristics (for example, antenna gain) and mechanical shape than antenna elements with wide-band characteristics in frequency.
- the communication device in which the antenna unit 101 is configured by using a plurality of antenna elements is easier to reduce the size and improve the performance.
- the impulse modulation communication device does not require various circuits (linear amplifiers, synthesizers, filters) for processing high frequencies. This is far more than the scale of the circuit, which increases as the number of subcarrier sequences increases. Road scale can be reduced. For this reason, the present invention can be implemented very easily, and has a feature that a great effect can be obtained while suppressing a circuit load.
- the occupied bandwidth of the subcarriers does not need to be the same, and the required communication rate is different between the control channel for transmitting control information and the traffic and channel for transmitting data. It is also possible to set a wider band with subcarriers. When the bands are different in this way, it is possible to reduce the difference in fractional bandwidth by narrowing the band of the subcarrier having a low center frequency and widening the band of the high subcarrier.
- Figure 15 shows the correspondence between communication and subcarriers. As shown in Fig. 15, communication is performed using subcarriers f1, f3, f4, and f6 in channel 1, and subcarriers f2, f4, f5, and f7 in channel 2. It is assumed that communication is performed using. Here, it is assumed that the setting of subcarriers in transmitting apparatus 150 and receiving apparatus 151 is the same.
- the subcarrier configuration of channel 1 and the subcarrier configuration of channel 2 share subcarrier f4.
- the signal waveform in each subcarrier sequence Figure 16 shows. As shown, the subcarriers f1, f3, f6 and the subcarriers f2, f5, f7 are occupied by a single channel without overlapping. Therefore, it is possible to detect the impulse without any problem. However, subcarrier f4 is in a state where channel 1 and channel 2 overlap. For this reason, if an attempt is made to detect an impulse, it may not be performed normally due to interference.
- the receiver 15 1 cannot perform normal impulse detection on subcarrier f4, but on other subcarriers (f1, f3, and f6 on channel 1 and f2, f5, and f6 on channel 2). According to 7), the phase, amplitude, and time of the impulse can be detected normally. Therefore, it can be seen that communication can be performed using only these subcarriers. In addition, if there is a certain difference between the symbol times of channel 1 and channel 2, the impulse of subcarrier f4 can be separated. By doing so, it becomes possible to separate subcarriers that overlap between channels and use them for demodulation for each channel. As a result, the total power used in one channel is improved, and communication quality is expected to improve.
- the former channel is more effective than the latter channel.
- Many subcarriers can be assigned, and an efficient system can be constructed.
- the number of subcarriers to be allocated may be changed according to a change in communication capacity, a change in propagation state, or a change in the state of an interfering wave. Furthermore, the status of the subcarriers is monitored, and the subcarriers assigned to the channels are dynamically determined when the received power decreases, interference signals are detected, or interference between channels becomes a problem. By changing it, it is possible to maintain stable communication quality.
- the impulse modulation signal is divided into two or more subcarriers and a plurality of channels are multiplexed
- a specific subcarrier may be used as a control channel dedicated to control information. In this way, important information used for control and the like can be communicated independently of the traffic channel.
- control channel dedicated to control information is assigned to one subcarrier, it can be realized by time division multiplexing so that it can be shared by multiple terminals.
- the invention that divides the impulse modulation method into two or more bands (subcarriers) and spreads codes to these subcarriers to perform communication will be described.
- Figure 17 shows the relationship between subcarriers and codes.
- the example shown in FIG. 17 shows a state in which subcarriers f1 to f7 are allocated to a certain channel.
- the symbol set ss1 is used for subcarriers f1, f3, and f6 during transmission
- the symbol set ss2 is used for subcarriers f2, f4, f5, and f7 during transmission. It represents that it is.
- a communication system for transmitting binary data there are at least two symbols (s1, s2), and the relationship between the symbols assigned to the codes to be transmitted (c1, c2) (eg, si-cl, s2-c2) is defined as the symbol set. Then, in this case, a symbol set (si-cl, s2-c2) and a symbol set (s2-cl, si-c2) can be considered (the former is the symbol set ss1, the latter is the ss1). 2).
- the transmitting device 150 generates and transmits a symbol corresponding to the subcarrier from the transmission data according to the definition of the symbol set.
- receiving apparatus 151 determines the receiving time based on the combination of symbols received on each subcarrier according to the definition of the symbol set.
- This symbol set conversion method will be described more specifically.
- the code c1 is +1 and the code c2 is 1, multiplying the code to be transmitted by +1 for the symbol set ss1 and the symbol set ss2 It can be seen that this can be realized by multiplying the transmitted code by 11.
- the multiplication between the set of +1 and 1 1 is formed by exclusive OR (Exc 1 usive—OR), and it is extremely easy to change a different symbol set for each subcarrier. Is possible.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the modulation method phase modulation, time modulation, amplitude modulation
- the present invention can be implemented even when there are two or more symbol sets.
- FIG. 18 shows a state where seven subcarriers (fl to f7) are allocated for code division multiplexing.
- ssl symbol set
- ss2 code division multiplexing
- ss1 (si-cl, s2-c2) is used, and in ss2, (si-c2, It is assumed to be defined as s 2 c 1). By making the determination in this way, it can be considered that the configuration is the same as that obtained by multiplying the spreading code in the carrier direction. If the symbol set s s s 1 is set to +1 and s s s 2 is set to 1 and applied to FIG. .
- Transmitting apparatus 150 spreads in the subcarrier direction using spreading codes scl to sc7 set for each channel, and multiplexes a predetermined number of channels (here, 7) to transmit a signal.
- the spreading method will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.
- 9 and 10 show the reception demodulation unit 102 and the transmission modulation unit 103 in FIG. 2 in more detail, and the same functions are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- reception demodulation section 102 includes reception section 202, spreading code storage section 91, despreading section 902, and detection section 403.
- Reference numeral 901 denotes a spreading code storage unit for storing and outputting a spreading code set for each channel, and 902 inputs received signals by the number of subcarriers and multiplies the received signals by a spreading code corresponding to the subcarrier.
- a despreading unit that outputs a despread communication signal.
- the transmission modulation section 103 includes a transmission section 205, a spreading code storage section 901, a spreading section 1001, and a waveform generation section 206.
- Reference numeral 1001 denotes a spreading unit that inputs a spreading code and a communication signal whose waveform is generated, and outputs a spread communication signal by multiplying the communication signal divided into subcarriers and the corresponding spreading code.
- reception demodulation unit 102 and the transmission modulation unit 103 configured as described above will be described in detail.
- the waveform generation section 206 When transmission data is input to the transmission modulation section 103, the waveform generation section 206 generates a symbol waveform corresponding to the data and outputs a communication signal.
- the communication signal is input to spreading section 1001 and divided into communication signals corresponding to subcarriers.
- the divided communication signal is multiplied by a code corresponding to the spreading code output from the spreading code storage unit 901 to output a spread communication signal.
- Each spread communication signal is subjected to power amplification and the like by a corresponding transmitting unit, and is radiated via the antenna 101.
- reception demodulation section 102 receives the spread reception signal from antenna 101.
- the spread reception signals are input by the number of subcarriers, and power amplification and the like are performed by the reception unit 202.
- the spread reception signal that has been power-amplified by the despreading unit 92 is output from the spreading code storage unit 91, multiplied by a spreading code corresponding to the subcarrier, synthesized, and a despread reception signal is output. This despread received signal is input to the detector The detected data is output as received data.
- the transmission modulation section 103 performs spreading on a subcarrier basis in accordance with the spreading code, while the reception demodulation section 102 similarly performs despreading and receives, thereby achieving code division multiplexing (CDM). ) Is possible. Also, confidential communication becomes possible by keeping the setting of the code unknown to a third party.
- CDM code division multiplexing
- a method of spreading in the subcarrier direction has been described.
- a method of spreading in the time direction or a method of spreading in both the subcarrier and time is also possible. It is also possible to spread one symbol on two or more subcarriers and two or more chips and multiplex two or more channels.
- reception demodulation unit 102 and the transmission modulation unit 103 will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10 as in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a hopping pattern in which subcarriers used for communication are sequentially changed.
- the horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates frequency (subcarrier), which indicates the change of subcarriers per unit time.
- the shaded blocks indicate subcarriers used for communication.
- the subcarrier changes according to a certain period or a certain rule, but this hopping pattern is shared by the transmitting side and the receiving side.
- the shared hopping pattern is stored in the spreading code storage unit 91 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, and the spreading code is stored as +1 or 0 instead of +1 or 1.
- transmission modulation section 103 transmits a communication signal while changing subcarriers according to time, while reception demodulation section 102 performs hopping according to time.
- the transmission modulator 103 selects and receives the subcarrier used for communication. This makes it possible to receive data correctly.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a hopping pattern when a plurality of carriers are used at the same time. It is designed to use four subcarriers per unit time, and the reception power in the reception demodulation unit 102 is quadrupled.
- the operations of the transmission modulation section 103 and the reception demodulation section 102 during communication are the same as those described above, except that the hobbing pattern stored in the spreading code storage section 91 is a unit time. There is only +1 and 0 in each case (1 in the previous example, 6 in 0, 4 in +1 and 3 in 0).
- By adjusting the number of subcarriers used for communication as described above stable communication can be performed. Also, by changing the number of subcarriers depending on the time, it is possible to reduce the number of subcarriers when the communication condition is good and to increase the number of subcarriers when the communication condition is poor.
- FIG. 7 shows a state where two channels are multiplexed by frequency hopping.
- Channel 1 and channel 2 shown in the figure each communicate using one subcarrier per unit time.
- the number of subcarriers per unit time can be changed for each channel or each time.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration of a system including a communication device having a two-way communication function.
- a symmetric system is taken as an example, but an asymmetric system such as 1: N may be used.
- the communication from the communication device 1950 to the communication device 1951 will be described as a downlink, and the communication from the communication device 1951 to the communication device 1950 will be described as an uplink.
- the communication direction does not limit the content of this technology.
- FIG. 20 shows the frequency allocation of subcarriers.
- This figure shows that uplink subcarriers and downlink subcarriers coexist, and shows that frequency division multiplexing can be performed without any problem because the orthogonality of channels is maintained by the subcarriers.
- it is necessary to perform communication in a time-division manner. In this case, it is necessary to control so that time does not overlap. Since frequency division does not require time division control, it can be realized with a simple configuration.
- FIG. 25 shows the communication terminals 1950 and 1951 in more detail.
- Each of the communication terminals 1950 and 1951 includes a reception demodulation unit 102, a transmission modulation unit 103, and a carrier control unit 2503.
- the reception demodulation section 102 is composed of a reception section 202, a switch section 2501, and a detection section 203, and includes two or more subcarrier signals f1 to fn and a carrier control signal 251. Input 0, detect the signal of the corresponding carrier, and output it.
- the transmission modulation section 103 is composed of a waveform generation section 206, a switch section 2501, and a transmission section 205.
- the transmission data section 2513 and the carrier control signal 2511 And generate the corresponding impulse train, and the corresponding carrier Outputs an impulse signal.
- the carrier control unit 2503 receives the control information 2514 and the control data 2515 from the reception demodulation unit 102.Based on the carrier allocation sequence, the carrier control signal 2510, 2 5 1 is output.
- FIG. 22 shows a frequency allocation sequence, and shows steps for performing management such as allocation and reallocation for a plurality of subcarriers.
- FIG. 24 shows a sequence for performing the initial setting.
- FIG. 41 is a flowchart showing the communication operation of this embodiment.
- carrier control section 2503 sets subcarriers used for communication to initial values according to control information 2514.
- initial value a setting that makes all the allocable subcarriers available, a setting that makes the allocable subcarrier available except for a predetermined specific subcarrier, and the like can be considered.
- the signal corresponding to the subcarrier selected in this way is output to the switch section 2501 of the reception demodulation section 102 and the transmission modulation section 103, and the state of the switch is determined (step S 4 101).
- the signal received by the receiving section 202 is input to the detecting section 203 via the switch section 2501.
- the detection unit 203 detects the received power for each subcarrier, and outputs the result to the carrier control unit 2503 as control data 25515.
- the carrier control unit 2503 records a subcarrier whose received power exceeds a predetermined value as a non-communicable carrier (step S4102).
- the communication terminal 1950 inputs a predetermined initial signal as transmission data 25 13 and generates a corresponding impulse signal through the waveform generation unit 206. .
- the subcarrier is selected by the switch unit 2501 for this impulse signal, and is output through the transmission unit 205 (step 4103).
- the initial signal is received by the reception demodulation unit 102 and input to the detection unit 203 through the switch unit 2501.
- the detection unit 203 uses the initial signal, which is a known signal, to perform time synchronization, set characteristic compensation for each subcarrier, and detect the quality of the subcarrier. If the quality does not reach the predetermined value, All subcarriers are recorded as ineligible for data communication (step S4104).
- the interference characteristic from the external system can be detected by the period 1, and the propagation characteristic in the mutual communication can be detected by the period 2a and the period 2b.
- the initial signal transmitted and received in period 2a and period 2b should include the terminal ID code of each of communication terminals 1950 and 1951, and information on subcarriers supported as devices. Therefore, it becomes possible to share sub-carriers and other information that can be used for communication between both terminals. .
- the carrier control unit 2503 of the communication terminals 1950 and 1951 determines uplink / downlink subcarriers in accordance with predetermined rules.
- the reception modulation section 102 is set with the uplink subcarrier
- the transmission modulation section 103 is set with the downlink subcarrier.
- a downlink subcarrier is set in the reception demodulation unit 102
- an uplink subcarrier is set in the transmission modulation unit 103.
- uplink and downlink are performed in a predetermined manner (such as the size of the ID code) from the terminal ID code. The same operation can be performed by temporarily setting.
- the communication terminal 1950 executes the determined downlink subcarrier. Send key information.
- communication terminal 1951 Upon receiving the received downlink subcarrier information, communication terminal 1951 inputs the information as control data 2515 from detection section 203 to carrier control section 2503. Then, according to this control data 2515, the state of switch section 2501 in reception demodulation section 102 is set (step S4105).
- communication terminal 1951 transmits the determined uplink subcarrier information.
- communication terminal 1950 inputs the information as carrier control data 2515 from detection section 203 to carrier control section 2503. Then, according to this control information, the state of switch section 2501 in reception demodulation section 102 is set (step S4105).
- step S4106 After the communication in period 3a and period 3b, both communication terminals set switch 2501 in transmission modulation section 103, communication terminal 1950 becomes a subcarrier for downlink, and communication terminal 1951 becomes a subcarrier for uplink.
- the setting is completed, and the setting of the uplink and downlink subcarriers is completed (step S4106).
- Period 5 The communication terminals 1950 and 1951 start communication using the uplink subcarrier and the downlink subcarrier (step S4107).
- subcarrier allocation can be performed.
- the communication terminals investigate the communication status of the subcarriers, so it is easy to grasp the propagation status formed between the communication terminals, and ultimately easily select the subcarrier suitable for communication. It becomes possible.
- the subcarriers allocated in the initial state described above are the communication states (1)
- the downlink (or uplink) band is required as shown by, it is possible to add and use the vacant subcarriers f3 and f6. In this way, the flexibility of the system can be ensured by changing the subcarrier utilization rate according to the communication band, and unnecessary frequency bands are not used, so high frequency use efficiency and power-saving communication are possible. It becomes.
- the uplink (or downlink) requires the maximum bandwidth, as shown in communication status (2), all subcarriers determined to be usable in the subcarrier status survey performed during the initial operation are used. By using and communicating, a communication system with high frequency utilization efficiency and high maximum transmission capacity can be constructed.
- the unused subcarriers can be used for transmission and reception of control signals and transmission and reception of retransmission information and the like, and more advanced control and quality control can be performed.
- the communication state (4) by allocating the subcarriers to be assigned to the uplink and downlink according to a certain rule, the control is simplified. At this time, as a rule, it is conceivable to assign in order from the higher (or lower) in the frequency axis, to randomly assign subcarrier numbers to the frequency axis, and to assign in order from the subcarrier numbers.
- the bandwidth allocation method has been described above. Next, the bandwidth allocation sequence will be described with reference to FIGS. 22 and 42.
- FIG. 42 is a sequence diagram illustrating a communication operation according to the present embodiment.
- the initial state in FIG. 22 shows a state in which subcarriers are allocated to the uplink and downlink by the initial operation (step S4201) shown in steps S4101 to S4106. ing.
- the communication terminal 1951 when the transmission capacity is needed, The transmission is performed including the band request signal (step S4202).
- the communication terminal 1950 upon receiving the band request signal, the communication terminal 1950 checks that the requested subcarrier is not in use. Then, while transmitting the downlink signal including the band use permission signal, the corresponding subcarrier is set to the reception state (step S 4203).
- the communication terminal 1951 sets the subcarrier that has been permitted to the transmission state, and starts communication (step S 4204).
- the communication terminal 1950 when the transmission capacity is required, transmits the downlink signal including the band request signal (step S425).
- the communication terminal 1951 receives the band request signal, and checks competition for the requested subcarriers. As a result of the investigation, if it is confirmed that the subcarriers are competing, the communication terminal 1951 determines whether or not to release the subcarriers. Transmit the permission signal in the uplink signal. Conversely, if not released, a band use permission signal is generated to permit only a part of the band, or a band use permission signal is generated to reject all requested bands, and the uplink signal including this is used. Is transmitted (step S 4 206).
- the communication terminal 1950 switches the corresponding subcarrier according to the content, and starts communication (step S 4207). If the band is rejected and the communication capacity is insufficient, a band request signal is transmitted again after a predetermined time has elapsed (step S 4208).
- the above-described band request signal and band use permission signal can be transmitted and received by specifying a subcarrier to be increased or decreased to these signals. By controlling in this way, a flexible system can be constructed.
- control of the subcarriers is based on a certain rule, it is possible to send and receive only the increase / decrease number of the subcarriers to the band request signal and the band use permission signal.
- flexible system control can be performed with a smaller amount of information.
- information for the purpose is also possible to add information for the purpose to the band request signal. In other words, by including the degree of importance, urgency, or expected use time of the application as numerical information in the bandwidth request signal, more advanced allocation operation can be performed.
- the communication device 1950 transmits the downlink signal including the retransmission request signal 2210 in the downlink signal.
- the communication terminal 1951 Upon detecting the retransmission request signal 2 210 from the received signal, the communication terminal 1951 outputs a retransmission notification signal indicating that retransmission is performed using an unused subcarrier by searching for an available band. I do.
- Receiving retransmission notification signal 2 211 communication terminal 1950 sets the corresponding subcarrier for reception and starts receiving retransmission information. After a lapse of a predetermined time, the communication terminal 1951 communicates by putting the retransmission information 2 2 1 2 on the previously specified subcarrier. When the retransmission information has been transmitted, the subcarriers used for the retransmission are released, and the state returns to the conventional communication state.
- the communication terminal 1951 detects the retransmission request signal 2210, if there is no available band, either the sub-gear rear used in the uplink or the sub-carrier used in the downlink Is determined as the retransmission subcarrier, and the information is transmitted together with the retransmission notification signal 2 2 1 1.
- the communication terminal 1950 Upon receiving the retransmission notification signal 2 2 1 1, the communication terminal 1950 detects that there is a need to release the subcarrier for the downlink-and if so, releases the corresponding subcarrier. , Set it for reception.
- Communication terminal 1951 transmits the retransmission information using the corresponding subcarrier after a predetermined time has elapsed after transmitting retransmission notification signal 2221.
- the above-described retransmission request signal and retransmission notification signal can be transmitted and received by designating a specific subcarrier for retransmission. By controlling in this way, a flexible system can be constructed.
- subcarrier allocation for retransmission information is set in advance, signals can be transmitted and received without specifying a subcarrier for a retransmission request signal or a retransmission notification signal.
- flexible system control can be performed with a smaller amount of information. It is also possible to add information for the purpose to the retransmission request signal. In other words, by including the degree of importance and urgency of retransmission or the degree of scheduled use time as numerical information in the retransmission request signal, a more advanced assignment operation can be performed.
- the communication terminals 1950, 1951 mutually notify the communication start state using the control signal as preparation before the initial state (1).
- the communication terminal 1950 transmits a control signal indicating the start of communication using one or more predetermined subcarriers, and the communication terminal 1951 receiving this transmits the control signal to the initial operation (1).
- Prepare for migration
- Period 4 The communication terminals 1950 and 1951 notify that the subcarrier allocation has been completed using a control signal.
- the communication terminal 1950 notifies that the allocation of subcarriers used for communication has been completed, and performs control so that subsequent communication is performed using the allocated subcarriers.
- Period 5 The communication terminals 1950 and 1951 mutually notify that negotiation has been completed. This includes at least three subcarriers for uplink, downlink and control The communication is performed between the communication terminals 1950 and 1951.
- subcarrier allocation can be performed.
- information can be transmitted from other systems during communication, and control information can be exchanged between communication terminals 195 and 195 without affecting transmission capacity. become able to.
- This makes it possible to build a stable communication system.
- the request and assignment of subcarriers can be centrally performed, so that an efficient and high-performance communication system can be easily constructed.
- subcarrier f4 is assigned as a control subcarrier. The operation in this case will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the control information can be always transmitted and received, so that the request can be issued until the subcarrier becomes empty. None goes away.
- the operation has been described using the device shown in FIG. 25.However, the concept of the sub-block as shown in the embodiment 8 and the subcarriers can be separated in frequency by filtering and handled as independent signals In this case, the switch section 2501 becomes unnecessary, and can be implemented with a simple configuration as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating band characteristics of subcarriers according to the present embodiment. This band characteristic is realized by the modulator 204 of the transmitting device and the demodulator of the receiving device in the present embodiment, but has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except for this point.
- a wider band is allocated to a subcarrier having a higher center frequency. This is because high-frequency subcarriers have a limited communication area, so they can be used repeatedly compared to low-frequency subcarriers. In addition, due to the high attenuation by shields, adjacent rooms (partitions) in the structure To the building) It is efficient to allocate a wide band even in view of the fact that it has a feature of low leakage. In other words, by allocating a wide band to subcarriers with a high center frequency and performing higher-speed communication, it is possible to easily construct a system with high utilization efficiency (frequency and spatial).
- a stable communication system can be provided by allocating control information to subcarriers having a low center frequency.
- low frequency bands are likely to be used by other systems. (In general, the frequency band used by the system is determined from the lower frequency.) Based on this, the control information is not set to the subcarrier with the lowest center frequency, but the system is used. It is preferable to set the subcarriers according to (i.e., taking into account the available channels).
- low-frequency subcarriers are assigned to communications that require line quality, such as transmission of important information, control information, and information that requires communication quality.
- line quality such as transmission of important information, control information, and information that requires communication quality.
- Control information can also be communicated by frequency hopping. This is because, if there is a subcarrier with a stable communication environment, transmission on a specific subcarrier can often improve the quality. In addition, it is possible to use the direct dissemination technology (Direct Sequence) in case of an unexpected situation (such as when another system (or device) suddenly generates an interference signal). Furthermore, control signals often have information to be shared by several devices, By multiplexing by code division multiplexing or time division multiplexing, several control signals can be transmitted and received stably on the same subcarrier. For subcarriers other than those used for this control signal, frequency hopping may be used, or a fixed subcarrier may be assigned according to the type of information.
- Direct Sequence direct dissemination technology
- control signal is fixedly assigned to one subcarrier, and that the subcarrier is applied with a spreading technique in the time direction (direct spreading) in terms of the properties of the control signal, and thus, flexibility is increased.
- a stable communication system can be constructed.
- the ratio of the band to the center frequency of the subcarrier that is, the relationship of the fractional band may be considered.
- the space through which electromagnetic waves propagate is composed of several different propagation paths due to reflection, diffraction, transmission, and so on.
- the difference in the path length due to the difference in the propagation path appears as the difference in the delay amount, and is expressed by the delay dispersion using the delay time and the attenuation amount. Since the received signal is given as a result of combining the delay dispersion and the transmission waveform, different reception waveforms are observed depending on the propagation space formed between the transmitting and receiving terminals.
- Figures 33 to 36 show signal waveform diagrams.
- Fig. 33 shows the relationship between the delayed waves generated by the characteristics (delay dispersion) of the space in which the transmitted waveform (impulse signal) propagates and the received waves synthesized with them. As can be seen from this figure, it can be seen that an impulse signal having two peaks changes to a signal having many speech peaks by adding delay dispersion characteristics.
- FIG. 34A and FIG. 34B show the relationship when an impulse train is input to the signal waveform of FIG.
- the signal waveform in Fig. 34A and the signal waveform in Fig. 34B are obtained when the interval (symbol rate) of the impulse is t symbo and A and t symbo and B (where t symbo l_A ⁇ t symbo l_B).
- tdelay delay amount of delay dispersion
- Figure 35 shows the relationship between delay dispersion and delayed and received waves when the impulse width (tw) of the transmitted waveform (impulse signal) is increased.
- the signal when the impulse width is short (the same conditions as in Fig. 33) is shown by the dotted line. If the delay difference (tdd) and the maximum delay (tdelay) of the delay dispersion are set longer, the signal waveform of the received wave shows that the number of oral peaks is smaller than that of Fig. 33. It can be seen that it has decreased significantly.
- FIG. 36 illustrates the signal waveform for the impulse train as in FIG. 34A or FIG. 34B.
- the impulse width (tw) longer and the impulse interval (t symbo l) longer, the waveform of the received wave becomes closer to the impulse shape. It is possible to do.
- the impulse signal (A) in Fig. 37 shows a single-pulse signal waveform
- the impulse signal (B) shows a pulse-shaped signal waveform.
- controlling the impulse width changes the signal band. sand In other words, increasing the impulse width narrows the signal bandwidth, and shortening it increases the signal bandwidth. For example, in communication known in the UWB (Ultra Wide B and) system, it is required to use a certain band (for example, 500 MHz) or more. In such a case, the control range of the impulse width can be limited.
- UWB Ultra Wide B and
- FIGS. 27 and 28 show the frequency allocation of subcarriers fl to f12.
- f1 to f4Zf5 to f8 / f9 to fl2 are each considered as one set, and subsets 1 to 3 are set.
- a communication system using subcarriers described in other embodiments as a system in which the number of subsets is arranged.
- the number of subcarriers included in the subset can be suppressed to an appropriate number, it is possible to easily manage and control the subcarriers.
- the frequency characteristic of the filter 201 (or the antenna 101) of the input unit shown in FIG. 27 eliminates interference between subsets. For this reason, it is possible to perform the above-described communication in units of subsets independently of each other, and when there are two or more subsets (here, n), apparently n communication systems are used. Communication can be performed independently. From this, it is possible to construct a highly efficient system with a very simple configuration by introducing the concept of subsets.
- the communication system is simplified.
- one filter is added to the baseband signal obtained by multiplying the received signal by a signal having the center frequency of the subcarrier in order to emphasize simplicity and response characteristics. .
- Figure 32 shows the case where the filter characteristics are not separated for each subset.
- the filter characteristics are not separated for each subset.
- Figure 31 shows the frequency conversion of the received signals of subcarriers f;! To fn, which are frequency-arranged using the subsets, with the same variable clock in the frequency converter 3101 and adds those signals. Or switched).
- the detected signal is detected by one detector 203.
- each subset has already been frequency-separated, and the subset f 1 and subset f 2 to fn do not interfere with each other. Therefore, it is possible to configure the detector with a small number (one in Fig. 31). That is, in FIG. 2, the above-described receiving apparatus can be configured by matching the filter characteristic of the filter 201 alone or in combination with the frequency characteristic given by the subset.
- the filter characteristics corresponding to the subsets are extremely wideband, the response characteristics are sufficiently fast, and the number of subsets is smaller than the number of subcarriers. It is also possible to reduce the decrease in ease of use and the decrease in response characteristics due to fill-in.
- the filter characteristic provided in the receiving device may be any of the frequency characteristic of the filter element and the frequency characteristic of the amplifier from the frequency characteristic of the antenna.
- the use of the filter characteristic as the frequency characteristic of the antenna greatly contributes to the miniaturization of the antenna and the improvement of the characteristic.
- the antenna can be made more compact.
- the subcarriers described in other embodiments may be replaced with the subsets. That is, the subcarriers f1 to f7 shown in FIGS. 3, 6, 7, 8, 12, 12, 15, 17, 18, and 20 to 24 may be replaced with subsets.
- the subcarriers f1 to f7 shown in FIGS. 3, 6, 7, 8, 12, 12, 15, 17, 18, and 20 to 24 may be replaced with subsets.
- multiple subcarriers are allocated to one subset, it is possible to perform operations such as frequency hobbing using the subcarriers allocated within that subset and direct spreading using specific subcarriers. is there.
- FIGS. 29 and 30 show frequency hopping patterns when the subsets are configured as shown in FIG. Figure 29 shows the case where the communication device transmits one channel using all subsets, and Figure 30 shows the case where three channels transmit using one subset each. is there.
- Figure 29 shows the case where the communication device transmits one channel using all subsets
- Figure 30 shows the case where three channels transmit using one subset each. is there.
- Example 9 In this embodiment, an invention for detecting that a wideband signal is being output with a simple configuration will be described.
- Fig. 3 shows the frequency allocation of the wideband signal to be detected and the detection subcarrier signal.
- a wideband signal is shown by a dotted line
- a subcarrier signal is shown by hatched portions of fl to f7.
- the relationship between the frequency of the wideband signal and the frequency of the subcarrier signal is set so that all or part of the band of each subcarrier is located within the band of the wideband signal, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 38 shows an example of the configuration of the receiving device used in the present invention.
- This receiving apparatus decomposes a wideband signal into a plurality of subcarrier signals fl to fn (compared to the narrowband signal) and receives a received signal group as a receiving unit 202 that receives the decomposed signal group.
- a judgment unit 3801 for outputting the judgment result.
- Judgment section 380 1 receives the received signal group, and compensates for any of amplitude, phase, delay time, and waveform of each signal.
- a detection unit 3802 for detecting the Hereinafter, the operation will be described with reference to the drawings.
- a wideband signal is divided into signals (subcarrier signals) divided into predetermined bands by a filter (not shown) and input to a receiver.
- each input subcarrier signal is compensated so that the phase, amplitude, delay time, waveform, etc. can be easily detected.
- subcarrier signals separated from the same wideband signal are obtained as signals with high time correlation according to the corresponding frequency characteristics.
- the amplitude-phase, delay time, waveform, and the like vary due to the filter characteristics and propagation path characteristics used for separation.
- the actual signal and the ideal waveform are indicated by a solid line and a dotted line, respectively.
- the subcarrier f1 has a long delay time and a large amplitude.
- the subcarrier f3 has a short delay time, small amplitude, and inverted amplitude. in this way, Since the subcarrier signal changes depending on the propagation characteristics and the filter characteristics, a difference occurs in the detection characteristics depending on the communication state and the combination of the filter characteristics.
- the compensator 401 compensates for a signal having the same amplitude, phase, delay time, and waveform. That is, compensation is made so as to approach the dotted line shown in FIG. In the figure, the subcarrier f1 with a longer delay time is aligned with the subcarrier f2 with a shorter delay time.However, considering that the delay element is easier to control, the delay time should be adjusted to the longest. Is desirable.
- the subcarrier signal is output as a signal group having the same amplitude, phase, delay time, and waveform as shown by the dotted line in FIG.
- the signal detector determines whether a communication signal has been received based on the detected time and the number of impulses of a certain level or higher in the subcarrier signal group. In other words, if impulses are detected simultaneously (within a set time difference) from a predetermined number of subcarrier signals, it is determined that a wideband signal has been received. If other communication signals have a narrower band than the wideband signal detected by this device, even if signal power is detected for any of the subcarrier signals, signal power for all subcarrier signals Is not detected. Therefore, even if another communication signal interferes with a specific subcarrier and detects an impulsive signal, it is possible to remove this effect if there is no interference to a certain number of subcarriers.
- the reception standby time occupies an extremely large proportion compared to the time during which communication is being performed, and, of course, the function as a communication device has no effect during the reception standby time. For this reason, there is also a problem that consumption efficiency becomes extremely poor when viewed comprehensively.
- the present invention aims at solving such problems. That is, when detecting a signal that is wider than the band used by a general communication system, the effect is to limit the influence of an interfering signal by dividing the signal in frequency. By dividing the signal into several narrow-band subcarriers and detecting the communication signal based on the signal power obtained from each subcarrier, an extremely simple and low-power communication signal detection device is constructed. Becomes possible.
- the detection signal obtained in this way indicates the time of the communication signal, it can also be used as an initial synchronization signal for the subsequent communication signal. In this way, a simple and low power consumption communication device can be used. Can be constructed.
- a calculation result obtained by adding a signal group or the like can be used as a reference signal. That is, a signal obtained by adding and combining signals of all subcarriers is obtained, and detection and determination are performed when the power value exceeds a certain level, or within a certain time before and after the time when the power value exceeds a certain level. If an impulse is detected in a certain number of subcarriers, a detection decision is made. By doing so, the operation before signal detection is limited to reception, calculation, and power detection only, and operation with extremely low power consumption is possible. Industrial applicability As described above, the present invention is useful for e-commerce using program broadcasting accompanied by advertisement distribution, encourages viewers to view advertisements, promotes sales without discounting the advertisement products, and It is suitable for expanding demand.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
- Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/511,622 US7697624B2 (en) | 2002-08-28 | 2003-08-28 | Communication apparatus and communication method utilizing multiple carrier waves for overcoming interference |
CN038095017A CN1650556B (zh) | 2002-08-28 | 2003-08-28 | 通信设备和通信方法 |
EP03791368.8A EP1533929B1 (en) | 2002-08-28 | 2003-08-28 | Communication apparatus and communication method |
AU2003257575A AU2003257575A1 (en) | 2002-08-28 | 2003-08-28 | Communication apparatus and communication method |
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JP2002-248266 | 2002-08-28 | ||
JP2002248266 | 2002-08-28 | ||
JP2002-302947 | 2002-10-17 | ||
JP2002302947 | 2002-10-17 | ||
JP2003298489A JP4318510B2 (ja) | 2002-08-28 | 2003-08-22 | 通信装置および通信方法 |
JP2003-298489 | 2003-08-22 |
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WO2004021617A1 true WO2004021617A1 (ja) | 2004-03-11 |
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PCT/JP2003/010920 WO2004021617A1 (ja) | 2002-08-28 | 2003-08-28 | 通信装置および通信方法 |
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US (1) | US7697624B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1533929B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4318510B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1650556B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003257575A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004021617A1 (ja) |
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US8971283B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2015-03-03 | Ntt Docomo, Inc. | Radio resource assignment method for physical channel in uplink, and transmitter for mobile apparatuses |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2004159302A (ja) | 2004-06-03 |
CN1650556A (zh) | 2005-08-03 |
JP4318510B2 (ja) | 2009-08-26 |
US7697624B2 (en) | 2010-04-13 |
EP1533929A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
CN1650556B (zh) | 2010-05-05 |
EP1533929B1 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
EP1533929A4 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
US20050180515A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
AU2003257575A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 |
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