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US5581224A - Choke coil for eliminating common mode noise and differential mode noise - Google Patents

Choke coil for eliminating common mode noise and differential mode noise Download PDF

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Publication number
US5581224A
US5581224A US08/543,164 US54316495A US5581224A US 5581224 A US5581224 A US 5581224A US 54316495 A US54316495 A US 54316495A US 5581224 A US5581224 A US 5581224A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
core
choke coil
mode noise
circular
coils
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US08/543,164
Inventor
Kouichi Yamaguchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biomedical Photometrics Inc
Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Assigned to MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. reassignment MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: YAMAGUCHI, KOUICHI
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Assigned to BIOMEDICAL PHOTOMETRICS INC. reassignment BIOMEDICAL PHOTOMETRICS INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DAMASKINOS, SAVVAS (NMI), DIXON, ARTHUR E.
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
    • H01F17/04—Fixed inductances of the signal type with magnetic core
    • H01F17/06—Fixed inductances of the signal type with magnetic core with core substantially closed in itself, e.g. toroid
    • H01F17/062—Toroidal core with turns of coil around it
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/16—Toroidal transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F37/00—Fixed inductances not covered by group H01F17/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F2003/106—Magnetic circuits using combinations of different magnetic materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a choke coil, and more particularly to a choke coil which eliminates noise leaking out of an electronic appliance.
  • a conventional common mode choke coil has a structure wherein a couple of coils are wound around a circular core. In eliminating strong differential mode noise by use of this type of common mode choke coil, a large-sized choke coil is required, and the choke coil occupies a large area of a printed circuit board.
  • a choke coil disclosed by Japanese Patent Laid Open Publication No. 4-91412 is very effective to eliminate differential mode noise and common mode noise.
  • this choke coil has a structure wherein three circular cores are linked, and this is unsatisfactory with respect to size and cost.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a choke coil which is sufficiently effective to eliminate not only common mode noise but also differential mode noise without increasing the size.
  • a choke coil according to the present invention comprises: a circular first core; a second core which is disposed inside the circular first core, the second core having a circular frame and a bridge laid in the frame; and a couple Of coils which are wound around the first core and the second core.
  • the first core and the couple of coils function as a common mode choke coil, while the second core and the couple of coils function as a differential mode choke coil.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a choke coil which is a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a magnetic circuit diagram of the choke coil when a regular signal is transmitted in the choke coil
  • FIG. 3 is a magnetic circuit diagram of the choke coil showing the function of eliminating common mode noise
  • FIG. 4 is a magnetic circuit diagram of the choke coil showing the function of eliminating differential mode noise
  • FIG. 5 is a partly horizontal sectional view of a choke coil which is a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a partly longitudinal sectional view of the choke coil of FIG. 5.
  • a choke coil of the first embodiment comprises a circular first core 1, a second core 2 which is disposed inside the circle of the first core 1, a spacer 3 which is disposed between the first core 1 and the second core 2, and a couple of coils 5 and 6 which are wound around the first and second cores 1 and 2.
  • the first core 1 is annular and has a rectangular cross section.
  • the first core 1 is made of a material which may be easy to become magnetic saturation but has a large magnetic permeability, and preferably, has a relative magnetic permeability ⁇ 1 of several thousand. More specifically, ferrite, amorphous or the like is used as the material of the first core 1.
  • the second core 2 has a circular frame 2a and a bridge 2b which is laid in the circular frame 2a.
  • the second core 2 has a rectangular cross section.
  • the second core 2 is made of a material which is hard to become magnetic saturation, and preferably, has a relative magnetic permeability ⁇ 2 of some scores to several hundred. More specifically, dust core or the like is used as the material of the second core 2.
  • the spacer 3 is annular and has a rectangular cross section.
  • the spacer 3 makes a space L 2 larger than a specified value between the first core 1 and the second core 2. Thereby, a magnetic flux induced by a flow of a regular signal current or a power current in the coils 5 and 6 is prevented from leaking from the first core 1 to the second core 2, and magnetic saturation of the first core 1 is prevented. If the first core 1 comes to magnetic saturation, the first core 1 will lose the function of eliminating common mode noise. As long as anything which can make the space L 2 between the first core 1 and the second core 2 is provided, the spacer 3 is not indispensable.
  • the space L 2 preferably fulfills the following condition:
  • the first core 1 and the coils 5 and 6 function as a common mode choke coil.
  • the second core 2 and the coil 5, and the second core 2 and the coil 6 function as differential mode choke coils.
  • the common mode noise eliminating function of the choke coil is described.
  • common mode noise currents I 1 and I 2 flow in the coils 5 and 6, respectively, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 3, magnetic fluxes ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 occur in the first core 1.
  • the magnetic fluxes ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 come together and decline gradually while circulating in a closed magnetic circuit of the first core 1. This is because the magnetic fluxes ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are converted into heat energy as an eddy current loss or the like. Thereby, the common mode noise currents I 1 and I 2 are weakened.
  • a differential mode noise current I 3 flows in the coils 5 and 6 as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 4, magnetic fluxes ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 occur in the second core 2.
  • the magnetic flux ⁇ 3 circulates in a closed magnetic circuit formed of the left half of the ring frame 2a and the bridge 2b
  • the magnetic flux ⁇ 4 circulates in a closed magnetic circuit formed of the right half of the ring frame 2a and the bridge 2b.
  • the magnetic fluxes ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 are converted into heat energy as eddy current losses or the like and decline gradually while circulating in the respective closed magnetic circuits. Thereby, the differential mode noise current I 3 is weakened.
  • the size of this choke coil is substantially the same as the size of the first core 1.
  • the choke coil has a smaller number of cores than a conventional choke coil, and accordingly, the cost can be reduced.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show a choke coil which is a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the choke coil of the second embodiment comprises a core 11 which serves as a first core, a case 12 which contains the core 11 and partly serves as a second core, and a couple of coils 18 and 19.
  • the core 11 is annular and has a rectangular cross section.
  • the core 11 may be made of a material which comes to magnetic saturation easily but has a large magnetic permeability, and preferably, has a relative magnetic permeability ⁇ 1 of several thousand. More specifically, ferrite, amorphous or the like is used as the material of the core 11.
  • the case 12 has a hollow circular non-magnetic portion 13 and a magnetic portion 14 which is inside the circle of the non-magnetic portion 13.
  • the non-magnetic portion 13 is made of resin such as polyphenylene sulfide resin, and is formed of a container 13a and a lid 13b. After the core 11 is placed in the container 13a, the lid 13b is fixed onto the container 13b.
  • the magnetic portion 14 is made of resin containing Ni--Zn ferrite powder.
  • the magnetic portion 14 has a relative magnetic permeability ⁇ 2 of some scores.
  • the magnetic portion 14 has a circular frame 14a and a bridge 14b laid in the circular frame 14a.
  • the magnetic portion 14 serves as a second core.
  • the thickness L 4 of the side wall of the container 13a which is in contact with the magnetic portion 14 fulfills the following condition:
  • the coils 18 and 19 are wound around the case 12 separated by the bridge 14b.
  • the choke coil of the second embodiment acts in the same way as the first embodiment.
  • the case 12 partly functions as a second core. Therefore, the number of parts can be decreased, and a smaller choke coil can be obtained.
  • the first core and the second core are not have to be circular and may be rectangular.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)

Abstract

A choke coil which functions not only to eliminate common mode noise but also to eliminate differential mode noise. A couple of coils are wound around a circular first core and a second core which is disposed inside the circular first core. The second core has a circular frame and a bridge which is laid in the frame. The first core may be easy to become magnetic saturation but is made of a material with a large magnetic permeability, and preferably a material with a relative magnetic permeability of several thousand, such as ferrite and amorphous. The second core is made of a material which is hard to become magnetic saturation, and preferably a material with a relative magnetic permeability of some scores to several hundred, such as dust core.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a choke coil, and more particularly to a choke coil which eliminates noise leaking out of an electronic appliance.
2. Description of Related Art
A conventional common mode choke coil has a structure wherein a couple of coils are wound around a circular core. In eliminating strong differential mode noise by use of this type of common mode choke coil, a large-sized choke coil is required, and the choke coil occupies a large area of a printed circuit board.
A choke coil disclosed by Japanese Patent Laid Open Publication No. 4-91412 is very effective to eliminate differential mode noise and common mode noise. However, this choke coil has a structure wherein three circular cores are linked, and this is unsatisfactory with respect to size and cost.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a choke coil which is sufficiently effective to eliminate not only common mode noise but also differential mode noise without increasing the size.
In order to attain the object, a choke coil according to the present invention comprises: a circular first core; a second core which is disposed inside the circular first core, the second core having a circular frame and a bridge laid in the frame; and a couple Of coils which are wound around the first core and the second core.
In the structure, the first core and the couple of coils function as a common mode choke coil, while the second core and the couple of coils function as a differential mode choke coil.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
This and other objects and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a choke coil which is a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a magnetic circuit diagram of the choke coil when a regular signal is transmitted in the choke coil;
FIG. 3 is a magnetic circuit diagram of the choke coil showing the function of eliminating common mode noise;
FIG. 4 is a magnetic circuit diagram of the choke coil showing the function of eliminating differential mode noise;
FIG. 5 is a partly horizontal sectional view of a choke coil which is a second embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 6 is a partly longitudinal sectional view of the choke coil of FIG. 5.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Some embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First Embodiment: FIGS. 1-4
As shown in FIG. 1, a choke coil of the first embodiment comprises a circular first core 1, a second core 2 which is disposed inside the circle of the first core 1, a spacer 3 which is disposed between the first core 1 and the second core 2, and a couple of coils 5 and 6 which are wound around the first and second cores 1 and 2. The first core 1 is annular and has a rectangular cross section. The first core 1 is made of a material which may be easy to become magnetic saturation but has a large magnetic permeability, and preferably, has a relative magnetic permeability μ1 of several thousand. More specifically, ferrite, amorphous or the like is used as the material of the first core 1.
The second core 2 has a circular frame 2a and a bridge 2b which is laid in the circular frame 2a. The second core 2 has a rectangular cross section. The second core 2 is made of a material which is hard to become magnetic saturation, and preferably, has a relative magnetic permeability μ2 of some scores to several hundred. More specifically, dust core or the like is used as the material of the second core 2.
The spacer 3 is annular and has a rectangular cross section. The spacer 3 makes a space L2 larger than a specified value between the first core 1 and the second core 2. Thereby, a magnetic flux induced by a flow of a regular signal current or a power current in the coils 5 and 6 is prevented from leaking from the first core 1 to the second core 2, and magnetic saturation of the first core 1 is prevented. If the first core 1 comes to magnetic saturation, the first core 1 will lose the function of eliminating common mode noise. As long as anything which can make the space L2 between the first core 1 and the second core 2 is provided, the spacer 3 is not indispensable. The space L2 preferably fulfills the following condition:
L.sub.2 >(L.sub.1 /2μ.sub.2)                            (1)
(μ.sub.1 >μ.sub.2)
L1 : diameter of the circular frame 2a of the second core 2
Referring to specific values, if μ2 =20 and L1 =10 mm, L2 >0.25 mm in order to meet the condition (1). The coils 5 and 6 are wound around the first and second cores 1 and 2 separated by the bridge 2b of the second core 2.
Now, the action of the choke coil is described.
The first core 1 and the coils 5 and 6 function as a common mode choke coil. The second core 2 and the coil 5, and the second core 2 and the coil 6 function as differential mode choke coils.
As shown in FIG. 2, when a regular signal or a power current Is flows in the coils 5 and 6 as indicated by the arrows, two magnetic fluxes φs of the same strength and mutually opposite directions occur in the first core 1. The magnetic fluxes φs counteract each other, and the choke coil has no reactance.
Referring to FIG. 3, the common mode noise eliminating function of the choke coil is described. When common mode noise currents I1 and I2 flow in the coils 5 and 6, respectively, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 3, magnetic fluxes φ1 and φ2 occur in the first core 1. The magnetic fluxes φ1 and φ2 come together and decline gradually while circulating in a closed magnetic circuit of the first core 1. This is because the magnetic fluxes φ1 and φ2 are converted into heat energy as an eddy current loss or the like. Thereby, the common mode noise currents I1 and I2 are weakened.
Referring to FIG. 4, the differential mode noise eliminating function of the choke coil is described. A differential mode noise current I3 flows in the coils 5 and 6 as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 4, magnetic fluxes φ3 and φ4 occur in the second core 2. The magnetic flux φ3 circulates in a closed magnetic circuit formed of the left half of the ring frame 2a and the bridge 2b, and the magnetic flux φ4 circulates in a closed magnetic circuit formed of the right half of the ring frame 2a and the bridge 2b. The magnetic fluxes φ3 and φ4 are converted into heat energy as eddy current losses or the like and decline gradually while circulating in the respective closed magnetic circuits. Thereby, the differential mode noise current I3 is weakened.
The size of this choke coil is substantially the same as the size of the first core 1. The choke coil has a smaller number of cores than a conventional choke coil, and accordingly, the cost can be reduced.
Second Embodiment: FIGS. 5 and 6
FIGS. 5 and 6 show a choke coil which is a second embodiment of the present invention. The choke coil of the second embodiment comprises a core 11 which serves as a first core, a case 12 which contains the core 11 and partly serves as a second core, and a couple of coils 18 and 19. The core 11 is annular and has a rectangular cross section. The core 11 may be made of a material which comes to magnetic saturation easily but has a large magnetic permeability, and preferably, has a relative magnetic permeability μ1 of several thousand. More specifically, ferrite, amorphous or the like is used as the material of the core 11.
The case 12 has a hollow circular non-magnetic portion 13 and a magnetic portion 14 which is inside the circle of the non-magnetic portion 13. The non-magnetic portion 13 is made of resin such as polyphenylene sulfide resin, and is formed of a container 13a and a lid 13b. After the core 11 is placed in the container 13a, the lid 13b is fixed onto the container 13b. The magnetic portion 14 is made of resin containing Ni--Zn ferrite powder. The magnetic portion 14 has a relative magnetic permeability μ2 of some scores. The magnetic portion 14 has a circular frame 14a and a bridge 14b laid in the circular frame 14a. The magnetic portion 14 serves as a second core.
Preferably, the thickness L4 of the side wall of the container 13a which is in contact with the magnetic portion 14 fulfills the following condition:
L.sub.4 >(L.sub.3 /2μ.sub.2)
(μ.sub.1 >μ.sub.2)
L3 : diameter of the circular frame 14a of the magnetic portion 14
The coils 18 and 19 are wound around the case 12 separated by the bridge 14b.
The choke coil of the second embodiment acts in the same way as the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, the case 12 partly functions as a second core. Therefore, the number of parts can be decreased, and a smaller choke coil can be obtained.
Other Embodiments
The first core and the second core are not have to be circular and may be rectangular.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments above, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications are possible to those who are skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being within the present invention.

Claims (7)

What is claimed is:
1. A choke coil for eliminating common mode noise and differential mode noise, the choke coil comprising:
a circular first core;
a second core which is disposed inside the circular first core, the second core having a circular frame and a bridge laid in the frame; and
a couple of coils which are wound around the first core and the second core.
2. A choke coil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first core has a larger relative magnetic permeability than the second core.
3. A choke coil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the couple of coils are wound around the first core and the second core separated by the bridge of the second core.
4. A choke coil as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a spacer which is disposed between the first core and the second core to prevent magnetic saturation of the first core.
5. A choke coil for eliminating common mode noise and differential mode noise, the choke coil comprising:
a circular core;
a case for encasing the core, the case comprising:
a hollow circular non-magnetic portion which has a container in which the case is placed and a lid;
a magnetic portion which is disposed inside the circular non-magnetic portion, the magnetic portion having a circular frame and a bridge laid in the frame; and
a couple of coils which are wound around the case.
6. A choke coil as claimed in claim 5, wherein the core has a larger relative magnetic permeability than the magnetic portion of the case.
7. A choke coil as claimed in claim 5, wherein the couple of coils are wound around the case separated by the bridge of the magnetic portion.
US08/543,164 1994-10-14 1995-10-13 Choke coil for eliminating common mode noise and differential mode noise Expired - Lifetime US5581224A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6-249528 1994-10-14
JP24952894A JP3317045B2 (en) 1994-10-14 1994-10-14 Common mode choke coil

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DE19537882A1 (en) 1996-04-25

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