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US3614953A - Drills for clearing obstructions in arteries - Google Patents

Drills for clearing obstructions in arteries Download PDF

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Publication number
US3614953A
US3614953A US792655*A US3614953DA US3614953A US 3614953 A US3614953 A US 3614953A US 3614953D A US3614953D A US 3614953DA US 3614953 A US3614953 A US 3614953A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bit
tube
tubes
drill
drill body
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US792655*A
Inventor
Edward Moss
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NAT RES DEV
NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP
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NAT RES DEV
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
    • A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A61B17/320758—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions with a rotating cutting instrument, e.g. motor driven

Definitions

  • a drill for clearing small diameter tubes such as arteries comprises a rotatable bit surrounded by a non-rotating shield integral with an outer flexible tube the other end of which is gripped in a drill body.
  • An inner flexible tube lies within the outer tube and extends to a point just short of the bit, its other end also being gripped in the drill body.
  • a flexible shaft extends from the bit to which it is fixed, through the inner tube and a bearing in the drill body from which it protrudes to a coupling member fixed to the shaft.
  • Ducts in the drill body lead to the space between the tubes and to the interior of the inner tube enabling flushing liquid to be introduced to and withdrawn from the region of the bit.
  • This invention relates to drills for clearing obstructions from small-diameter tubes, and has one application in clearing deposits in arteries.
  • Thrombosis is a well known medical condition which can lead to a dangerous restriction of the blood supply to a limb.
  • Eventually gangrene may set in, leading to amputation of the limb.
  • the condition may occur, for example, in the femoral artery of the thigh.
  • the present invention provides a drill which can be inserted in an artery to remove or reduce such occlusions.
  • a drill suitable for clearing small-diameter tubes such as arteries comprises small-diameter flexible inner and outer tubes, a bit located at one end of the tubes and having an exposed transverse cutting face, flexible drive means for rotating the bit, a non-rotating shield surrounding the bit but with space between the bit and the shield and inlet and outlet ports for passing liquid towards the bit and withdrawing liquid from the region of the bit along the inner tube and the space between the tubes.
  • Said shield may be an extension of said outer tube, and said flexible drive means may be a flexible shaft extending within said inner tube.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B taken together constitute a longitudinal section of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an end-view of the drill shown in FIG. 1A.
  • FIG. 1A and FIG. 2 are shown an outer flexible tube 1 and an inner flexible tube 2.
  • the tube 1 has an external diameter of 3 mm.
  • Both tubes are made of polytetrafluoroethylene and may be of any suitable length, e.g. 1 metre.
  • a bit 3 having flat side portions 4 and 5 with chamfered portions 6 between them, and a transverse cutting face 7.
  • the bit 3 is fastened to a flexible drive-shaft 8 of conventional coiled-wire construction.
  • the thickness of the bit between flats 5 is less than the internal diameter of tube 2, as shown in FIG. 2, so that the end of tube 2 is not completely sealed by the bit.
  • the bit 3 is surrounded by a shield 9 formed as an extension of the outer tube 1.
  • tubes 1 and 2 are sealed to a frame 10 by clamping the tubes between male and female cone ice members 11, 12 and 13, 14 respectively.
  • Pipes 15 and 16, connected to the male cone members, constitute ports enabling liquid to be admitted to the inner tube 2, and withdrawn from the outer tube 1 respectively; the liquid in the latter flows in the annulus between the two tubes.
  • Shaft 8 passes through a polytetrafiuoroethylene bearing 17 to a coupling member 18 in which it is secured by a set-screw 19.
  • Member 18 includes an offset hole 20 which is engaged by a pin 21 of a disc 22 held in the chuck 23 of a highspeed electric motor 24 of the type used in dentists drills, e.g. rotating at 24,000 r.p.m.
  • the bit In use the bit is inserted percutaneously or in an incision in the artery, and slowly passed down it.
  • the exposed transverse cutting face 7 of the bit removes occluding material within the artery, while the shield 9 prevents contact between the rotating bit and the artery wall, thus preventing damage thereto.
  • Saline solution is fed via pipe 15 past the flats on the bit to the cutting face, and withdrawn via pipe 16 carrying with it the fragmented deposits loosened by the rotating bit.
  • the solution may be fed via pipe 16 and withdrawn via pipe 15.
  • a drill for clearing small diameter tubes such as arteries comprising small diameter flexible inner and outer tubes, a bit located near one end of the inner tube and having an exposed transverse cutting face, a flexible shaft for rotating the bit, which shaft passes within the inner tube and protrudes therefrom at both ends, a non-rotating shield surrounding the bit and forming an extension of the outer tube and defining with said bit a space there between, inlet and outlet ports for passing liquid towards the bit and withdrawing liquid from the region of the bit along the inner tube and the space between tubes, a body member providing an anchorage for the end of the outer tube remote from the shield, a port communicating with the interior of the outer tube, an anchorage for the end of the inner tube remote from the bit, a port communicaing with the interior of the inner tube, and beyond the lastmentioned end of the inner tube, a bearing for the flexible shaft, which is equipped with a coupling member at its end extending beyond the bearing at the side thereof remote from the end of the inner tube.
  • a drill for clearing small diameter tubes such as arteries comprising two small diameter flexible concentric tubes which define a space therebetween, a bit located beyond one end of the inner concentric tube but at least partially within said outer concentric tube with which it defines a space, said bit having a cutting face which protrudes from said outer concentric tube, a flexible drive means for rotating said bit, and inlet and outlet ports for passing liquid towards the bit and withdrawing liquid from the region of the bit along the space between tubes and the space between flexible drive means and the inner concentric tube.
  • a drill as claimed in claim 2 in which the bit has fiat faces substantially parallel to one another and to the diametral plane of the concentric tubes, wherein the space between said faces and the inner surface of said outer concentric tube allows material, cut by the bit, to pass.
  • a drill as claimed in claim 2 in which the cutting face of the bit has two inclined cutting edges the inner ends of which meet at an obtuse angle on the rotational axis of the bit and protrude from said outer concentric tube and the outer ends of said edges are surrounded by said outer concentric tube.
  • a drill as claimed in claim 2 in which the port for passing liquid towards the bit communicates with the space between the two tubes and the port for withdrawing the liquid from the region of the bit communicates with the interior of the inner tube.
  • a drill as claimed in claim 2 in which the flexible drive means for the bit is in the form of a flexible shaft passing Within the inner tube and protruding therefrom at both ends.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

A DRILL FOR CLEARING SMALL DIAMETER TUBES SUCH AS ARTERIES COMPRISES A ROTATABLE BIT SURROUNDED BY A NON-ROTATING SHIELD INTEGRAL WITH AN OUTER FLEXIBLE TUBE THE OTHER END OF WHICH IS GRIPPED IN A DRILL BODY. AN INNER FLEXIBLE TUBE LIES WITHIN THE OUTER TUBE ANE EXTENDS TO A POINT JUST SHORT OF THE BIT, ITS OTHER END ALSO BEING GRIPPED IN THE DRILL BODY. A FLEXIBLE SHAFT EXTENDS FROM THE BIT TO WHICH IT IS FIXED, THROUGH THE INNER TUBE AND A BEARING IN THE DRILL BODY FROM WHICH IT PROTRUDES TO A COUPLING MEMBER FIXED TO THE SHAFT. DUCTS IN THE DRILL BODY LEAD TO THE SPACE BETWEEN THE TUBES AND TO THE INTERIOR OF THE INNER TUBE ENABLING FLUSING LIQUID TO BE INTRODUCED TO AND WITHDRAWN FROM THE REGION OF THE BIT.

Description

E. Moss 3,614,953 DRILLS FOR CLEARING OBSTRUCTIONS IN ARTERIES 0a. 2e, .1 s11 Filed Jan. 21, 1969 United States Patent US. Cl. 128-305 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A drill for clearing small diameter tubes such as arteries comprises a rotatable bit surrounded by a non-rotating shield integral with an outer flexible tube the other end of which is gripped in a drill body. An inner flexible tube lies within the outer tube and extends to a point just short of the bit, its other end also being gripped in the drill body. A flexible shaft extends from the bit to which it is fixed, through the inner tube and a bearing in the drill body from which it protrudes to a coupling member fixed to the shaft. Ducts in the drill body lead to the space between the tubes and to the interior of the inner tube enabling flushing liquid to be introduced to and withdrawn from the region of the bit.
This invention relates to drills for clearing obstructions from small-diameter tubes, and has one application in clearing deposits in arteries.
Thrombosis is a well known medical condition which can lead to a dangerous restriction of the blood supply to a limb. Eventually gangrene may set in, leading to amputation of the limb. The condition may occur, for example, in the femoral artery of the thigh.
The present invention provides a drill which can be inserted in an artery to remove or reduce such occlusions.
According to the present invention a drill suitable for clearing small-diameter tubes such as arteries comprises small-diameter flexible inner and outer tubes, a bit located at one end of the tubes and having an exposed transverse cutting face, flexible drive means for rotating the bit, a non-rotating shield surrounding the bit but with space between the bit and the shield and inlet and outlet ports for passing liquid towards the bit and withdrawing liquid from the region of the bit along the inner tube and the space between the tubes.
Said shield may be an extension of said outer tube, and said flexible drive means may be a flexible shaft extending within said inner tube.
To enable the nature of the present invention to be more readily understood, attention is directed, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings wherein FIGS. 1A and 1B taken together constitute a longitudinal section of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an end-view of the drill shown in FIG. 1A.
In FIG. 1A and FIG. 2 are shown an outer flexible tube 1 and an inner flexible tube 2. Typically the tube 1 has an external diameter of 3 mm. Both tubes are made of polytetrafluoroethylene and may be of any suitable length, e.g. 1 metre. At one end of the tubes is located a bit 3 having flat side portions 4 and 5 with chamfered portions 6 between them, and a transverse cutting face 7. The bit 3 is fastened to a flexible drive-shaft 8 of conventional coiled-wire construction. The thickness of the bit between flats 5 is less than the internal diameter of tube 2, as shown in FIG. 2, so that the end of tube 2 is not completely sealed by the bit. The bit 3 is surrounded by a shield 9 formed as an extension of the outer tube 1.
The other ends of tubes 1 and 2 are sealed to a frame 10 by clamping the tubes between male and female cone ice members 11, 12 and 13, 14 respectively. Pipes 15 and 16, connected to the male cone members, constitute ports enabling liquid to be admitted to the inner tube 2, and withdrawn from the outer tube 1 respectively; the liquid in the latter flows in the annulus between the two tubes. Shaft 8 passes through a polytetrafiuoroethylene bearing 17 to a coupling member 18 in which it is secured by a set-screw 19. Member 18 includes an offset hole 20 which is engaged by a pin 21 of a disc 22 held in the chuck 23 of a highspeed electric motor 24 of the type used in dentists drills, e.g. rotating at 24,000 r.p.m.
In use the bit is inserted percutaneously or in an incision in the artery, and slowly passed down it. The exposed transverse cutting face 7 of the bit removes occluding material within the artery, while the shield 9 prevents contact between the rotating bit and the artery wall, thus preventing damage thereto. Saline solution is fed via pipe 15 past the flats on the bit to the cutting face, and withdrawn via pipe 16 carrying with it the fragmented deposits loosened by the rotating bit. Alternatively the solution may be fed via pipe 16 and withdrawn via pipe 15.
I claim:
1. A drill for clearing small diameter tubes such as arteries comprising small diameter flexible inner and outer tubes, a bit located near one end of the inner tube and having an exposed transverse cutting face, a flexible shaft for rotating the bit, which shaft passes within the inner tube and protrudes therefrom at both ends, a non-rotating shield surrounding the bit and forming an extension of the outer tube and defining with said bit a space there between, inlet and outlet ports for passing liquid towards the bit and withdrawing liquid from the region of the bit along the inner tube and the space between tubes, a body member providing an anchorage for the end of the outer tube remote from the shield, a port communicating with the interior of the outer tube, an anchorage for the end of the inner tube remote from the bit, a port communicaing with the interior of the inner tube, and beyond the lastmentioned end of the inner tube, a bearing for the flexible shaft, which is equipped with a coupling member at its end extending beyond the bearing at the side thereof remote from the end of the inner tube.
2. A drill for clearing small diameter tubes such as arteries comprising two small diameter flexible concentric tubes which define a space therebetween, a bit located beyond one end of the inner concentric tube but at least partially within said outer concentric tube with which it defines a space, said bit having a cutting face which protrudes from said outer concentric tube, a flexible drive means for rotating said bit, and inlet and outlet ports for passing liquid towards the bit and withdrawing liquid from the region of the bit along the space between tubes and the space between flexible drive means and the inner concentric tube.
3. A drill as claimed in claim 2 in which the bit has fiat faces substantially parallel to one another and to the diametral plane of the concentric tubes, wherein the space between said faces and the inner surface of said outer concentric tube allows material, cut by the bit, to pass.
'4. A drill as claimed in claim 2 in which the cutting face of the bit has two inclined cutting edges the inner ends of which meet at an obtuse angle on the rotational axis of the bit and protrude from said outer concentric tube and the outer ends of said edges are surrounded by said outer concentric tube.
5. A drill as claimed in claim 2 in which the port for passing liquid towards the bit communicates with the space between the two tubes and the port for withdrawing the liquid from the region of the bit communicates with the interior of the inner tube.
6. A drill as claimed in claim 2 in which the flexible drive means for the bit is in the form of a flexible shaft passing Within the inner tube and protruding therefrom at both ends.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 Schilow 1s 104.1
Slaughter 2724.1 Vogel 128276 Davis 27--24.1
4 Cooper 128276 X Sokolik 128311 Delaney 128303 X Muller 128-303 X U.S. C1. X.R.
US792655*A 1968-01-30 1969-01-21 Drills for clearing obstructions in arteries Expired - Lifetime US3614953A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4846/68A GB1235321A (en) 1968-01-30 1968-01-30 Improvements in or relating to drills for clearing obstructions

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US3614953A true US3614953A (en) 1971-10-26

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SE (1) SE346211B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1903618C3 (en) 1974-09-26
DE1903618A1 (en) 1969-09-04
GB1235321A (en) 1971-06-09
SE346211B (en) 1972-07-03
DE1903618B2 (en) 1974-02-28
CH490073A (en) 1970-05-15

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