KR960028969A - 질소산화물 함유 배기가스의 처리방법, 정화촉매 및 장치 - Google Patents
질소산화물 함유 배기가스의 처리방법, 정화촉매 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- KR960028969A KR960028969A KR1019960000243A KR19960000243A KR960028969A KR 960028969 A KR960028969 A KR 960028969A KR 1019960000243 A KR1019960000243 A KR 1019960000243A KR 19960000243 A KR19960000243 A KR 19960000243A KR 960028969 A KR960028969 A KR 960028969A
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 25
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 14
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 13
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 13
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 12
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 33
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 22
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims 12
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 12
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
- B01D2255/2042—Barium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
- B01D2255/2047—Magnesium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
- B01D2255/2063—Lanthanum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
- 질소산화물을 함유하는 가스류를 정화하는 방법으로서, 상기 가스류를 탄화수소와 일산화탄소 중의 적어도 1종의 존재하에서 촉매와 접촉시켜 질소로 환원하고, 그 때에 상기 촉매로써 무기산화물 담체에 활성성분을 담지한 구조를 가지며, 상기 활성성분이 로듐, 백금 및 팔라듐 중에서 선택된 적어도 1종의 귀금속과 회토류금속 중에서 선택된 적어도 1종, 그리고 알카리토류 금속 중에서 선택된 적어도 1종으로 이루어지고, 마그네슘을 함유하고, 무기산화물 담체 100몰%에 대하여 귀금속을 0.05 내지 3.5몰%, 회토류금속을 0.7 내지 20몰%, 그리고 알카리토류 금속을 4 내지 16몰% 함유하고, 로듐이 1.9몰% 미만, 백금이 2.6몰% 미만, 필라듐이 2.8몰% 미만이며, 상기 귀금속을 금속 혹은 산화물의 형태로 포함하고, 상기 회토류 금속을 산화물의 형태로 포함하고, 상기 알카리토류금속을 산화물 혹은 탄산염 형태로 함유하는 촉매를 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 함유 배기가스의 처리방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 촉매의 활성성분이, 로듐, 백금, 세륨 및 마그네슘으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 함유 배기가스의 처리 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 촉매는 무기산화물 담체에 회토류금속이 담지되고, 상기 회토류 금속에 귀금속이 담지되고, 상기 귀금속에 알카리토류금속이 담지되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 함유 배기가스의 처리방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 촉매의 귀금속 성분이 로듐과 백금으로 이루어지고, 백금상에 로듐이 담지되어 있는 것으로 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 함유 배기가스의 처리방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 촉매는 무기산화물 담체에 활성성분으로써 귀금속, 세륨 및 마그네슘을 담지한 입자와, 무기산화물 담체에 활성성분으로써 귀금속, 란탄 및 바륨을 담지한 입자와의 혼합물로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 함유 배기가스의 처리방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 촉매의 무기산화물 담체가 란탄과β-알루미나와의 복합산화물(La·β-Al2O3) 및 β-알루미나(Al2O3)중의 적어도 하나로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 함유 배기가스의 처리방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 산소체적농도가 1.0% 내지 1.7%의 범위내로 설정된 가스류와, 산소체적농도가 상기 가스류보다 높게 설정된 가스류를 번갈아 상기 촉매에 접촉시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 함유 배기가스의 처리방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 가스류가 내연기관으로부터 배출된 질소산화물, 탄화수소, 일산화탄소 및 산소를 함유하는 가스류이고, 상기 가스류를 상기 촉매와 접촉시켜 질소산화물을 질소로 환원하고, 탄화수소와 일산화탄소를 산화하는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 함유 배기가스의 처리방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 가스류가 내연기관으로부터 배출된 가스류이고, 린번연소에 의하여 배출된 가스류와 스토이키연소에 의하여 배출된 가스류를 번갈아 상기 촉매에 접촉시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 함유 배기가스의 처리방법.
- 가스류중의 질소산화물을 탄화수소와 일산화탄소중의 적어도 하나를 환원제로 하여 처리하는 촉매로써, 무기산화물 담체에 활성성분을 담지한 구조를 가지고, 상기 활성성분이 로듐, 백금 및 팔라듐중에서 선택된 적어도 1종의 귀금속과 회토류금속중에서 선택된 적어도 1종 및 알카리토류금속중에서 선택된 적어도 1종으로 이루어지고, 마그네슘을 함유하고, 무기물담체 100몰%에 대하여 귀금속을 0.05 내지 3.5몰%, 회토류금속을 0.7 내지 20몰% 및, 그리고 알카리토류금속을 4내지 16몰% 함유하고, 로듐이 1.9몰% 미만, 백금이 2.6몰%미만, 팔라듐이 2.8몰% 미만이며, 상기 귀금속을 금속 혹은 산화물 형태로 포함하고, 상기 회토류금속을 산화물 형태로 포함하고, 상기 알카리토류금속을 산화물 혹은 탄산염 형태로 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 정화촉매.
- 제10항에 있어서, 활성성분이 로듐, 백금, 세륨 및 마그네슘으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 정화촉매.
- 제10항에 있어서, 무기산화물 담체에 회토류금속이 담지되고, 상기 회토류금속에 귀금속이 담지되고, 상기 귀금속에 알카리토류금속이 담지되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 정화촉매.
- 제10항에 있어서, 귀금속 성분이 로듐과 백금으로 이루어지고, 백금상에 로듐이 담지되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 정화촉매.
- 제10항에 있어서, 무기산화물 담체에 활성성분으로써 귀금속, 세륨 및 마그네슘을 담지한 입자와, 무기산화물 담체에 활성성분으로써 귀금속과 란탄 및 바륨을 담지한 입자와의 혼합물로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 정화촉매.
- 제10항에 있어서, 무기산화물 담체가 란탄과 β-알루미나와의 복합산화물(La·β-Al2O3) 및 β-알루미나(β-Al2O3)중의 적어도 하나로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 질소산화물 정화촉매.
- 내연기관의 배기가스 정화장치로서, 내연기관 엔진의 배기계통에 무기산화물 담체에 활성성분을 담지한 구조를 가지며, 상기 활성성분이 로듐, 백금 및 팔라듐중에서 선택된 적어도 1종의 귀금속과 회토류금속중에서 선택된 적어도 1종, 그리고 알카리토류 금속중에서 선택된 적어도 1종으로 이루어지고, 마그네슘을 함유하고, 무기산화물 담체 100몰%에 대하여 귀금속을 0.05 내지 3.5몰%, 회토류금속을 0.7 내지 20몰%, 그리고 알카리토류금속을 4 내지 16몰% 함유하고, 로듐이 1.9몰% 미만, 백금이 2.6몰% 미만, 팔라듐이 2.8몰% 미만이며, 상기 귀금속을 금속 혹은 산화물의 형태로 포함하고, 상기 회토류금속을 산화물의 형태로 포함하고, 상기 알카리토류금속을 산화물 혹은 탄산염 형태로 함유하는 촉매를 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 배기가스 정화장치.
- 제16항에 있어서, 산소체적농도가 1.0 내지 1.7%의 범위내로 설정된 가스류와 산소체적농도가 상기 가스류에 보다 높게 설정된 가스류가 번갈아 상기 촉매와 접촉하도록, 배기가스의 산소농도 검출치에 기초하여 엔진의 흡기계에 공급하는 연료와 공기의 유량을 조절하는 산소농도 제어수단을 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 배기가스 정화장치.※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
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JP3374569B2 (ja) * | 1995-01-10 | 2003-02-04 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 排ガス浄化触媒および浄化方法 |
JP3977883B2 (ja) * | 1996-10-03 | 2007-09-19 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 内燃機関用排ガス浄化触媒 |
US6440378B1 (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 2002-08-27 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Catalyst for purifying exhaust gases, a method of producing the same, and a method of purifying exhaust gases |
JP3952617B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-11 | 2007-08-01 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置,排ガス浄化方法及び排ガス浄化触媒 |
EP1358933A4 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2005-08-10 | Hitachi Ltd | EMISSION CONTROL CATALYST AND CATALYST EQUIPPED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
US6866834B2 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2005-03-15 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | NOx reduction catalyst and NOx reduction system |
JP2003021008A (ja) * | 2001-07-11 | 2003-01-24 | Kankyo Kagaku Kk | ガソリンないしディーゼルエンジン用エアクリーナ |
DE10307010B3 (de) * | 2003-02-19 | 2004-05-27 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Einstellung einer definierten Sauerstoffbeladung mit binärer Lambdaregelung zur Durchführung der Abgaskatalysatordiagnose |
BRPI0517382A (pt) * | 2004-11-02 | 2008-10-07 | Grace W R & Co | redução de emissões de nox em processo fcc de queima total |
DE102005034344A1 (de) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-25 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Reaktivierung thermisch gealterter Stickoxid-Speicherkatalysatoren |
KR101047362B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-26 | 2011-07-07 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 혼합 금속산화물에 담지된 귀금속 촉매 상에서 일산화탄소환원제를 이용한 아산화질소와 일산화질소의 동시 저감방법 |
JP5337930B2 (ja) | 2008-10-29 | 2013-11-06 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 排気浄化方法 |
GB201021649D0 (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2011-02-02 | Johnson Matthey Plc | NOx Absorber catalyst |
US9266092B2 (en) | 2013-01-24 | 2016-02-23 | Basf Corporation | Automotive catalyst composites having a two-metal layer |
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JPS6227715A (ja) | 1985-07-30 | 1987-02-05 | Asahi Optical Co Ltd | レ−ザ照射装置のガイド光装置 |
JPS62277150A (ja) * | 1986-05-26 | 1987-12-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP2660411B2 (ja) * | 1987-11-18 | 1997-10-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排気ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元除去する方法 |
JPH04219147A (ja) * | 1990-12-18 | 1992-08-10 | Tosoh Corp | 排ガス浄化触媒 |
CA2064977C (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1998-09-22 | Eiichi Shiraishi | Catalyst for purifying exhaust gas |
EP0573672B1 (en) * | 1991-12-27 | 1997-03-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust emission control device in internal combustion engine |
JP3311012B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-23 | 2002-08-05 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒および排気ガス浄化方法 |
EP0613714B1 (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 2001-07-04 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for purifying exhaust gases |
JP3291086B2 (ja) * | 1993-09-24 | 2002-06-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒及び排ガス浄化方法 |
JP3374569B2 (ja) * | 1995-01-10 | 2003-02-04 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 排ガス浄化触媒および浄化方法 |
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KR100366993B1 (ko) | 2003-03-10 |
US6093377A (en) | 2000-07-25 |
DE19600552A1 (de) | 1996-07-11 |
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