JP6849590B2 - ブチリルコリンエステラーゼ両性イオン性ポリマーコンジュゲート - Google Patents
ブチリルコリンエステラーゼ両性イオン性ポリマーコンジュゲート Download PDFInfo
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Description
配列は、参照により援用される、2015年10月16日に作成された84,727バイトの470678_SEQLST.TXTと命名された、提出ASCIIテキストに提供される。
本出願は、あらゆる目的のためにその内容全体が参照により援用される、2014年10月17日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/065,471号の非仮特許出願である。
有機リン化合物(OP)は、ヒトに対して高度に毒性である。OPは1930年代に殺虫剤として最初に開発され、ヒトに対する猛毒性は、最終的にそれらの戦闘用神経作用剤としての開発をもたらした。今日、一般的に国際法によって禁止されてはいるものの、OPは、増加の一途を辿る軍事および民事的脅威と考えられている。1995年には、東京都の地下鉄網がサリン攻撃を受けて、数十人の乗客が殺害され、多数が負傷した。サリンガスは、最近、シリアでの紛争において、地対地ミサイル上で致死効果を以て使用されたことが報告されている。
最初の組換えインスリン製品が1982年に認可されて以来、タンパク質およびペプチド治療薬は、多種多様な病態生理学的疾患に対する非常に効力のある治療薬として、成功裏に使用されている。これらの薬物の開発には、過去数十年にわたる組換えDNA技術における進歩によってはずみがついた。タンパク質治療薬は、一般に2つのカテゴリーの1つに分類される:(1)例えば、インスリンなどの天然タンパク質を模倣して、代替物の役割を果たす生物医薬品、および(2)例えば、AVASTIN(登録商標)などの様々な経路の作動薬または拮抗薬の役割を果たすモノクローナル抗体。疾患改善および販売の双方の観点から、タンパク質治療薬が大成功を収めている一方で、多くは、最適以下の生理化学的および薬物動態特性を有することが観察されている。タンパク質治療薬に見られる主な欠点は、物理化学的不安定性、限定的溶解度、タンパク質分解不安定性、短い排出半減期、免疫原性、および毒性である。
からなる群から選択され、
R3、R4、およびR5は、同一であるかまたは異なり、
からなる群から選択される。
からなる群から選択されるリガンドの存在下で、1つまたは複数のラジカル重合性単量体を重合するステップを含んでなる、重合方法をさらに提供し、
リガンドは遷移金属化合物に配位し、遷移金属化合物とリガンドは適合されて、単量体の重合を開始および伝播させる。任意選択的に、リガンドは、イニシエータに共有結合して、単分子イニシエータリガンドを形成する。
からなる群から選択され、
R3、R4、およびR5は、同一であるかまたは異なり、
からなる群から選択される。
本発明は、ホスホリルコリンなどの親水基または両性イオンを有する高分子量(分子量)ポリマーを提供する。本発明に従って、高分子量ポリマーを製造するための方法および新規出発原料もまた提供される。本発明に従って、高分子量ポリマーとコリンエステラーゼのコンジュゲートもまた提供される。国際公開第2011/130694号パンフレットおよび国際公開第/2007/100902号パンフレットは、あらゆる目的のために本明細書に参照により援用される。
「コリンエステラーゼ」(ChE)は、神経衝撃伝播に関与する酵素ファミリーを指す。コリンエステラーゼは、コリン作動性シナプスにおけるアセチルコリンの加水分解を触媒する。コリンエステラーゼとしては、アセチルコリンエステラーゼおよびブチリルコリンエステラーゼが挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。
それはスルフヒドリル(例えば、チオアルキル)との反応に際して、構造、
ヒト血清から単離されるBuChEは、分子量340kDaの球形四量体分子である。Haupt H,Heide K,Zwisler O and Schwick HG.1966.Isolierun und Physikalischchemiscle Charakterisierung der Cholinesterase aus Humanserum.Blut.14:65−75。酵素の4つのサブユニットのそれぞれは、574アミノ酸長である。それぞれの鎖は、9本のAsn結合炭水化物鎖を有する。Lockridge O,Bartels CF,Vaughan TA,Wong CK,Norton SE,Johnson LL.1987.Complete amino acid sequence of human serum cholinesterase.J Biol Chem.262:549−557。
からなる群から選択される。
からなる群から選択され、
R3、R4、およびR5は、同一であるかまたは異なり、
からなる群から選択される。
実施例1 rBuChEトランケーション
OPバイオスカベンジャーは、(成熟タンパク質に関して)位置524でhBuChE酵素をトランケートすることで作成された(rhBuChE524)。さらに、変異C66Yが導入された。rhBuChE524(C66Y)のタンパク質配列は、配列番号10に示される。ポリマーをrhBuChE524(C66Y)にコンジュゲートさせるのが望ましければ、GGCまたはGGGC配列(配列番号20)が末端に付加され得る。rhBuChE524GGGC(C66Y)のタンパク質配列は、配列番号12(「GGGC」は配列番号20として開示される)に示される。
rhBuChE−Fc融合タンパク質は、上に記載された534トランケートを使用して、2つのタンパク質断片間のGSリンカー(GGGSGGGSGGGS)(配列番号21)で、それをIgG1のFc領域に融合させる、組換え遺伝子操作によって作成された。配列rhBuChE534−Fcは、配列番号16に示される。C66Y変異(rhBuChE534(C66Y)−Fc)がある融合コンストラクトは、配列番号17に示される。別のバージョンでは、L234A、L235E、G237A、A330S、およびP331Sの様々なエフェクター機能変異が導入される。hBuChE534(C66Y)−Fc(L234A、L235E、G237A、A330S、およびP331S)融合物は、配列番号15に示される。タンパク質のFc部分に組み込まれ得るもう一つの変異は、ポリ(MPC)などのポリマーをタンパク質にコンジュゲートさせるのに使用され得るQ347Cである。rhBuChE534(C66Y)−Fc(L234A、L235E、G237A、A330S、P331S、およびQ347C)のタンパク質配列は、配列番号2に示される。
一過性発現分析は、Expi293発現系(Gibco)内で実施された。いくつかのrhBuChE524切断型の発現が、調べられた。一般に、rhBuChE524コンストラクトは、発現されないか、または対応するrhBuChE534コンストラクト程には発現されないかのどちらかであった。rhBuChE534コンストラクトに関しては、C66Yコンストラクトが、この変化のないコンストラクトよりも一般により良く発現されることが分かった。534コンストラクトの一過性発現データの概要は、下の表に示される。
一過性の発現解析の結果に基づいて、安定性形質転換体は、rhBuChE534GGC(C66Y)およびrhBuChE534(C66Y)−Fc(L234A、L235E、G237A、A330S、P331S、およびQ347C)から構成された。Fc融合物の安定性形質移入体は、配列番号2に示されるタンパク質のN末端に融合した、配列番号18に示されるCTLA4リーダーを用いる。このコンストラクトのDNA配列は、配列番号9に記載される。
配列番号2に記載のヒトBuChE−Fc融合タンパク質が、(以下の実施例6に記載されるように)TCEPにより変性され、Fc鎖の位置347に遊離システインチオールが提供されて、制限再生がそれに続いた。次に、TCEP処理BuChE−Fcは、下で示されるように、タンパク質に対して15〜50倍の過剰なポリマーを使用して750kDaポリマーにコンジュゲートされて、コンジュゲートが製造された。
BuChE−Fc融合物は、EDTA存在下で、30倍のモル過剰量のTCEPにより、室温で数時間にわたり室温で還元された。この還元に続いて、タンパク質は、UF/DF中のTCEP洗浄工程の対象となり、TCEP濃度が約8倍モル過剰量に低下された。さらなるUF/DFおよび希釈が実施され、TCEPが1μM未満に低下された。次に還元されたBuChE−Fcが再生され、再生の進行(単量体BuChE−Fcの消失と、二量体BuChE−Fcの出現によって示される)に、SDS−PAGEが続いた。再生に続いて、タンパク質のポリマーへのコンジュゲーションが、上述したように実施された。
1H NMR(400MHz DMSO−d6):δ=1.36(s,9H,OCCH3),1.90(s,54H,CC(CH3)2Br),2.31(t,J=7.2Hz,6H,CCH2CH2NH),2.98(d,J=5.6Hz,6H,CCH2NH),3.04(q,J=6.0Hz,2H,OCH2CH2NH),3.18(s,2H,OCH2C),3.3−3.37(m,8H,CH2),3.47−3.55(m,12H,CH2),3.58(s,6H,OCH2C),3.87(s,6H,d室温で30分間。反応物は、真空下で濃縮された。反応物は、ジクロロメタン(10mL)を使用して希釈され、真空下で濃縮された。残渣は、アセトニトリル(10mL)を使用して溶解され、シリンジフィルター(Acrodisc CR25、PN 4225T)を通じて濾過されて、準備HPLCカラムに装入され、水中の60%アセトニトリル(0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸添加)で98%アセトニトリル(0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸添加)まで、溶出された。生成物を含有する管は貯留され、真空下で濃縮されて冷凍され、凍結乾燥機にのせられた。これは、990mg(0.4mmol、50%、2工程にわたる)の化合物Lを白色粉末としてもたらした。
1H NMR(400MHz DMSO−d6):δ=1.90(s,54H,CC(CH3)2Br),2.31(t,J=7.2Hz,6H,CCH2CH2NH),2.97−3.0(m,8H,CCH2NHおよびOCH2CH2NH),3.17(s,2H,OCH2C),3.3(q,6H,CH2CH2NHC=O),3.4−3.59(m,20H,CH2),3.87(s,6H,O=CCH2O),4.27(s,18H,CCH2OC=O),7.69−7.84(m,9H,CH2NHC=OおよびNH3+の双方)。
LC−MS(ES,m/z):[(M+2H)/2]+理論値(C84H136Br9N7O33+2H)/2=1196.6;実測値1197.4。
LC−MS(ES,m/z):[(M+2H−boc)/2]+理論値(C111H189Br9N8O46+2H−Boc)/2=1496.3;実測値1497.2。
1H NMR(400MHz DMSO−d6):δ=1.90(s,54H,CC(CH3)2Br),2.3(br t,8H,CCH2CH2NHおよびCH2CH2C=O),3.0(m,8H,CCH2NHおよびOCH2CH2NH),3.1−3.6(m,84H,OCH2C),3.87(s,6H,O=CCH2O),4.27(s,18H,CCH2OC=O),7.6−7.8(m,10H,CH2NHC=OおよびNH3+の双方)。
LC−MS(ES,m/z):[(M+2H)/2]+理論値(C106H181Br9N8O44+2H)/2=1496.3;実測値1496.6。
イニシエータは、典型的に、約100mg/mLのDMF中の原液として調製される。イニシエータおよびリガンド(2,2’−ビピリジル)は、シュレンク管内に装入された。結果として得られた溶液をドライアイス/アセトン混合物を使用して78°Cに冷却し、真空下で10分間脱気した。管はアルゴン下で再充填され、アルゴン下に保たれる触媒(特に断りのない限りCuBr)が、シュレンク(Schlenck)管内に導入された(イニシエータ/触媒(CuBr)/リガンド上の原子臭素モル比は1/1/2に維持された)。溶液は、即座に暗褐色になった。シュレンク管は密封され、真空/アルゴンの短い周期で即座にパージされた。HEMA−PCの溶液は、窒素下に保たれるグローブボックス内で調製された規定量の単量体を200プルーフの脱気したエタノールと混合することで調製された。単量体溶液は、シュレンク管内に、滴下して添加された(カニューレ経由)。温度は、−78℃に維持された。溶液の泡立ちが収まるまで、反応混合物に完全な真空が少なくとも10〜15分間適用された。次に管は、アルゴンで再充填されて、室温に加温された。溶液は撹拌され、重合が進行するにつれて、溶液は粘稠になった。3〜8時間または一晩後、直接曝気してCu(I)をCu(II)に酸化することで、反応物がクエンチされて混合物は青緑色になり、シリカカラムを通過させて銅触媒が除去された。収集された溶液は、回転蒸発によって濃縮され、得られた混合物は、テトラヒドロフランで沈殿され、あるいは水に対して透析され、凍結乾燥がそれに続いて、易流動性の白色粉末が得られた。表2は、本発明に従って製造された例証的なポリマーを記載する。
以下の構造を有するマレイミドコンジュゲート可能9アームポリマー(登録商標)が、コンジュゲート可能(Conjugateable)ポリマーQについて記述されたのと同一技術を使用して、合成された。
BuChE酵素活性が、下の表1に記載のコンジュゲートおよび非コンジュゲートタンパク質で測定された。表1中で、rBuChE534(C66Y)はrhBuChE534GGCであり、rBuChE534FcはrhBuChE534(C66Y)−Fc(L234A、L235E、G237A、A330S、P331S、およびQ347C)である。
rBuChE534GGC(C66Y)(配列番号13)およびrhBuChE534(C66Y)−Fc(L234A、L235E、G237A、A330S、P331S、およびQ347C(配列番号2)が、遺伝子組換えヤギrBuChEに関連する安定性問題を克服するかどうかを判定するために、本発明者らは、カニクイザル(cyno)血漿中で、ヒト血漿由来BuChEおよび遺伝子組換えヤギrhBuChE(完全長)と対比して、これらのコンストラクトの安定性を試験した。サンプルは、市販のcyno血漿内に導入され、アリコートが経時的に抜き取られ、エルマン試験によって酵素活性が判定された。図1は、rBuChE534GGC(C66Y))およびrhBuChE534(C66Y)−Fc(L234A、L235E、G237A、A330S、P331S、およびQ347C)の双方の活性が、cyno血漿中における37℃でほぼ35日間の保存中に、良好に保持されたことを示す。これらのコンストラクトは、どちらも標準ヒト血漿精製BuChEよりもさらに良好に機能した。対照的に、遺伝子組換えヤギ酵素の活性は、経時的に試験終了に向けて5%未満近くまで迅速に低下した。
本発明のrBuChEが、神経作用剤に対して有効であるかどうかを判定するために、OP作用剤の存在下で、コンジュゲートおよび非コンジュゲートの、様々なBuChEバッチが、上に記載されたエルマン試験を使用してアッセイされた:GA(タブン(ジメチルアミドシアノリン酸エチル))、GB(サリン(メチルホスホノフルオリド酸プロパン−2−イル))、GD(ソマン(メチルホスホノフルオリド酸3,3−ジメチルブタン−2−イル))、GF(シクロサリン(メチルホスホノフルオリド酸シクロヘキシル(methylphoshonofluoridate)))、VX(V系神経作用剤(エチル({2−[ビス(プロパン−2−イル)アミノ]エチル}スルファニル)(メチル)ホスフィネート)、およびVR(V系神経作用剤(N,N−ジエチル−2−(メチル−(2−メチルプロポキシ)ホスホリル)スルファニルエタンアミン))。表2は、様々な神経作用剤による、ヒト血漿rBuChE、rBuChE534=rBuChE534GGC(C66Y)、rBuChE534−Fc=rhBuChE534(C66Y)−Fc(L234A、L235E、G237A、A330S、P331S、およびQ347C)、およびrBuChE534−Fc−ポリマー=rhBuChE534(C66Y)−Fc(L234A、L235E、G237A、A330S、P331S、およびQ347C)−9アーム750kDa HEMA−PCポリマーの阻害定数Kiを示す。
本発明のrhBuChE534(C66Y)−Fc(L234A、L235E、G237A、A330S、P331S、およびQ347C)(および対応するコンジュゲート)の生体内薬物動態特性を判定するために、コンストラクトが、C57BL/6背景のホモ接合型カルボキシエステラーゼES1ノックアウトマウス(−/−)に注射され投与された。Duysen,E.G.,et al.Production of ES1 Plasma Carboxylesterase Knockout Mice for Toxicity Studies(2011)Chem.Res.Toxicol.24(11)1891−1898。これらのES1 KOマウスは、血漿カルボキシエステラーゼ活性を完全に欠損しており、それは、ヒトと比較したマウス中における神経作用剤のLD50を増強することが報告されている。Duysen et al.
遺伝子組換えヤギ乳から精製された完全長rhBuCheは、マレイミド(malemide)またはヨードアセトアミドを使用して、天然システインを介してポリマーにコンジュゲートされた。これらの2つの異なるコンジュゲートの安定性が、下の図4で比較された。コンジュゲート安定性を評価するために(asses)、マレイミドおよびヨードアセトアミドベースのコンジュゲートが、37℃、pH7.0のリン酸緩衝食塩水中で30日間インキュベートされた。アリコートが抜き取られて、SDS PAGEによって遊離タンパク質が評価された(assesed)。結果は、図4にある。ヨードアセトアミドコンジュゲートは、30日間にわたり非常に安定しており、ラインは、時間0で設定されたベースライン近くのままであった。対照的に、マレイミドベースのコンジュゲートは、時間0で設定されたベースラインから迅速にはずれた。したがって、本発明に従って、ヨードアセトアミドベースのコンジュゲートが、いくつかのタンパク質で、マレイミドコンジュゲートよりも実質的に(sububstantially)安定していることを認め得る。マレイミド(maleimite)コンジュゲートの不安定性は、タンパク質依存性である。多数のマレイミド(malemide)コンジュゲートは、かなり安定性である。
以下の構造を有するTFA/アミン塩イニシエータ(化合物B)は、次のようにして合成された。
様々な塩基性基がヨードアセトアミド官能基の近くに配置されて、rBuChEへのコンジュゲーションを促進するそれらの能力がアッセイされた。
最初に、下で示されるように、上記参照のR4180が、2−{[(tert−ブトキシ)カルボニル]アミノ}−5−(ジメチルアミノ)ペンタン酸トリフルオロ酢酸塩と反応されて、化合物R4301が製造された。
PEG試薬は、好都合には、NHSエステルをアミンを共役させることで製造される。アミン官能基で終結する分岐PEGは、市販される。例えば、本発明に従って、以下のPEGヨードアセトアミン試薬が使用されてもよい。
rhBuChE534(C66Y)−Fc(L234A、L235E、G237A、A330S、P331S、Q347C)コンストラクトを含有するDNA断片は、ピューロマイシン耐性遺伝子をコードする哺乳類発現ベクターにクローン化される。挿入された配列は、配列番号9に示される。挿入されたBuChE−Fc融合物がある発現ベクターは、コンストラクト14と称される。コンストラクト14はCHO細胞に形質移され、安定した形質移入プールが構築された。安定したプールは細胞株開発の対象となり、C98と称される安定して形質移入されたクローンが単離された。振盪フラスコ試験が実施されて、製造されるタンパク質量を最大化するために、いずれの培地および条件が使用されるかを判定した。各フラスコの播種密度は、0.4×106細胞/mlであった。結果は、下の表2に記載される。
先のATRPイニシエータに共有結合的に付着する塩基性基(例えば、グアニジンまたは三次的アミン)の導入は、リガンドが添加された場合に、このような塩基性基との銅ハロゲン化物化学種(CuBr)の潜在的複合体形成のために、ATRPによる重合過程に潜在的干渉をもたらした(2,2’−ビピリジンはbpyと記述される)。本実施例は、このようなイニシエータがある調節製造されるポリマーを得ることを目指す場合に、本発明で特許請求されるこのような塩基性基が、ATRP処理中にリガンドの機能もまた果たし得るか、そしてこのような化合物の使用をスキップできるかどうかを試験する。
リガンドとしてのbpyのない重合プロトコル。DMF中の100mg/mLとしてのイニシエータの原液は、新鮮に調製された。溶液は分注されて、シュレンク管内の5×10−6molのイニシエータが導入された。溶液は、2.48mgのCuBr(1.7×10−5mol)(なしの変化呈色)の添加前に脱気された(degased)。エタノール中のHEMA−PC(4mL中の1g)の原液が、滴下して添加された。反応混合物は3psiおよび重合の下に置かれて、室温で20時間室温で進行させた。
配列番号1(ヒトブチリルコリンエステラーゼP06276.1)
配列番号2(好ましいrBuChE534(C66Y)−GS10−Fc(w/変異)融合物)
配列番号3(ヒトAChE AAA68151.1)
配列番号5(アリールジアルキルホスファターゼ[デスルファルキュルス・バールシイ(Desulfarculus baarsii)DSM2075;ADK83762.1])
配列番号15(rBuChE534(C66Y)−GS10−Fc(noQ347Cw/エフェクター機能変異)融合物)
配列番号16(rBuChE534−GS10−Fc(wt)融合物)
配列番号17(rBuChE534(C66Y)−GS10−Fc(wt)融合物)
配列番号18(リーダーペプチド)
Claims (6)
- ブチリルコリンエステラーゼ酵素またはトランケート、
免疫グロブリン(Ig)ドメインまたは断片、並びに
前記ブチリルコリンエステラーゼ酵素またはトランケートと前記Igドメインまたは断片とを連結すると共に、両者の間に位置するリンカー、を含んでなるタンパク質であって、
前記ブチリルコリンエステラーゼ酵素またはトランケートが、配列番号1の残基29〜561と少なくとも85%が一致するアミノ酸配列および配列番号1の残基94の置換C94Yを含み、
前記リンカーが、G、GG、GGGGS(配列番号22)、GGGS(配列番号23), GGGES(配列番号24),GGGSGGGSGGGS(配列番号21)、およびGGSGGGSGGGS(配列番号25)からなる群から選択される、タンパク質。 - 前記Igドメインまたは断片が、
a.IgG−Fc、IgG−CH、およびIgG−CLからなる群から選択される、
b.IgG1−Fcを含んでなる、または、
c.配列番号8を含んでなる、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。 - 前記タンパク質は、
配列番号16の残基66がC66Yに置換されている配列番号16、
を含んでなる、請求項1または2に記載のタンパク質。 - 前記Igドメインまたは断片が、
a.EU番号付けによるL234、L235、G237、A330、およびP331からなる群から選択される1つ以上のアミノ酸置換か、
b.EU番号付けによるL234、L235、およびG237の1つ以上のアミノ酸置換か、
c.EU番号付けによるL234A、L235E、G237A、A330S、およびP331Sからなる群から選択される1つ以上のアミノ酸置換か、
d.EU番号付けによる、L234Aのアミノ酸置換か、
e.EU番号付けによる、L234AおよびG237Aのアミノ酸置換、
を含んでなり、
前記EU番号付けによるL234、L235、G237、A330、およびP331の残基はそれぞれ、配列番号8のL14、L15、G17、A110、およびP111の残基に相当する、
請求項1または3に記載のタンパク質。 - 配列番号16のアミノ酸を含んでなり、1つ以上の点変異が、配列番号16の
(a)560、
(b)655、
(c)656、および
(d)672
の位置に導入されたタンパク質であって、
前記タンパク質が、配列番号16の残基66の置換C66Yを含んでなる、タンパク質。 - 前記1つ以上の点変異は、配列番号16の560、655、および656における点変異を含んでなる、請求項5に記載のタンパク質。
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US20190255155A1 (en) | 2019-08-22 |
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