JP2000290091A - Composting apparatus for organic substances - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable the improvement in a view, the reduction in the size of carrying-in and out equipment and a sufficient ventilation rate for compost raw material by embedding a hermetically closed cylindrical fermentation tank having an openable and closable cap in the upper part under the ground and removably housing a cylindrical middle container having ventilatability and self-standability for putting in and out of compost raw material into the fermentation tank by opening/closing of a cap. SOLUTION: The hermetically closed cylindrical fermentation tank 1 having the openable and closable cap 15 in the upper part is provided with an air feed port 16 and an air exit port 17 in order to forcibly fluidize air in the fermentation tank 1. A fan 2 is connected to the piping system of the air feed port 16 and the air exit 17. The greater part or the entire part of the fermentation tank 1 is embedded in the ground (S: ground surface). The cylindrical middle container 3 having the ventilatability and self-standability for the compost raw material M is housed in the fermentation tank 1 removably by opening and closing of the at least one cap 15. A drain pump 7 is installed outside the fermentation tank 1. The water suction end of a drain pipe 71 communicated therewith is opened in the inside bottom of the fermentation tank 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an organic composting apparatus using an aerobic treatment method. More specifically,
The present invention relates to a composting apparatus that uses organic materials such as garbage, various sludges, organic waste materials from food processing plants, fish and other organic materials as raw materials, and fermented them by the action of aerobic decomposition bacteria to produce compost. The composting apparatus according to the present invention is suitable for a case where the compost raw material to be put into the fermenter provided in the apparatus at a time and processed has a relatively small capacity, and is generally manufactured in a small size.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional composting apparatus (composting fermenter) of this kind, for example, the one disclosed in JP-A-59-162193 can be mentioned. The device described in that publication is such that composting is carried out by putting the compost raw material packed in a breathable bag into a fermenter that is configured to force air to flow from the bottom toward the top. is there.

According to the apparatus, since the supply of raw materials to the fermenter and the removal of compost, which is a product, or the transportation of the product compost at the time of shipment are performed in a bag, the workability of each operation is increased. Improvement,
Turning and stirring means and product compost incorporated in a relatively large-sized composting apparatus of a type in which compost raw materials are directly charged into a fermenter (for example, see JP-A-53-72886 or JP-A-55-104989). Since the sending means is not required, the whole apparatus has been simplified, and the cost of equipment can be reduced.

[0004]

However, the above-mentioned conventional apparatus has the following problems. That is,
On the one hand, because the fermenter is installed high so as to form a tower above the ground, it not only impairs the landscape and hinders the effective use of the ground space, but also suspends the bag into the fermenter or Lifting of the bag is performed through the upper opening which is located at a relatively high position, and the crane and other loading / unloading equipment for lifting and hanging the bag must be large. For one, in a state where a plurality of air-permeable bags filled with compost materials are stacked in a fermenter, two vertically overlapping bags are stacked.
The flexibility of one bag and the weight of the compost material in the upper bag are combined so that the two composts are in close contact with each other in the polymerization section. As a result, sufficient air cannot be supplied to the compost materials in the vicinity,
This means that the fermentation in a short period of time is insufficient compared to other parts of the raw material, and a homogeneous compost cannot be obtained in a short period of time.

The organic matter composting apparatus of the present invention has been proposed for the purpose of solving all the problems of the conventional apparatus described above.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, an organic composting apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention comprises a closed cylindrical fermenter having an openable top lid. In order to force the air to flow in the tank, an air supply port and an exhaust port are provided, and a blower is connected to the piping system of the air supply port or the exhaust port, and the fermentation tank is mostly or entirely underground. The fermenter is characterized in that at least one air-permeable and self-supporting cylindrical inner container for putting the compost material is housed in the fermenter so that it can be taken in and out by opening and closing the lid. In addition, the organic matter composting apparatus according to claim 2 of the present invention supplies air to a sealed cylindrical fermentation tank having a lid that can be opened and closed at an upper part thereof, forcing air to flow in the tank. In addition to providing a vent and an exhaust port, a blower is connected to a piping system of an intake port or an exhaust port, most or all of the fermentation tank is buried underground, and a fertilizer tank contains a compost material. At least one cylindrical inner container having air permeability and self-supporting property is housed so that it can be taken in and out by opening and closing the lid. According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, a drainage pump is provided outside the fermentation tank, and a water-absorbing end of a drainage pipe connected to the drainage pump is opened at an inner bottom of the fermentation tank. Features. Further, the invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
A foot member protruding downward is provided at the bottom of the middle container. Still further, according to the invention of claim 5, in the invention of claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, the first connection member and the second connection member are provided at the top and bottom of the middle container, respectively, and a plurality of middle containers are stacked. At this time, the two middle containers that are vertically overlapped with each other are detachably assembled by vertically fitting the first connecting member of the lower middle container and the second connecting member of the upper middle container. . In addition, the invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein the fermenter is made of a concrete bottom slab and a body side wall and a lid made of another material connected to the bottom slab. And characterized in that:

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below based on an embodiment shown in the drawings. 1 to 4, reference numeral 1 denotes a vertical, cylindrical, closed fermentation tank made of steel pipe, steel plate, concrete, FRP, or any other material. The shape is usually cylindrical. The upper part of the fermenter 1 is opened for taking in and out the below-mentioned middle container 3, and the opening 11 is provided with a lid 15 which can be opened and closed by a pivot 12.

[0008] Most or all of the fermenter 1 is buried underground, that is, under the ground surface S. When the whole is buried, it goes without saying that the lid portion 15 is exposed to the outside.

In the fermenter 1 shown in the figure, a lower part of a steel body side wall 14 having a steel lid 15 in an upper opening 11 is densely arranged with respect to a relatively thick concrete floor slab 13. It is configured to be connected. The body side wall 14 is formed by vertically arranging and joining steel pipes or concrete pipes having a required diameter in a vertical direction. Bottom floor slab 1
3 made of thick concrete also serves as a base member, so that the stability of the whole fermenter underground is enhanced.

In the fermenter 1, air necessary for aerobic fermentation of the compost material is forced to flow in the fermenter 1.
The exhaust port 17 is provided on the lid 15, and the blower 2 is connected to the piping system of the air supply port 16 or the exhaust port 17.

In the illustrated example, since the forced ventilation is of a pressurized type, the air supply pipe 21 connected to the blower 2 is connected to the air supply port 16.
, And is extended downward in the fermenter 1, and the inner end thereof is provided on the pedestal 18 provided on the inner bottom of the fermenter 1 by the air dispersing means 22.
It is communicated to. The air is released from the dispersion means 22 by the continuous or intermittent driving of the blower 2 and flows upward in the fermenter 1 toward the exhaust port 17 of the lid 15.

As shown in FIG. 3, the air dispersing means 22 is formed by forming a large number of small holes 24 in an upper plate portion and a side plate portion of an air chamber 23 formed, for example, as a thin cylindrical body. .

On the other hand, a base end of an exhaust pipe 61 communicates with the exhaust port 17 of the lid 15 from the outside, and a deodorizing device 6 for removing odor of exhaust communicates with a distal end of the exhaust pipe 61. is there. However, when the composting device of the present invention is installed in a place where no human lives, it is not always preferable, but the deodorizing device 6 and the exhaust pipe 61 can be omitted. In that case, the exhaust gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere from the exhaust port 17.

Next, although not shown, a brief description will be given of a case where the forced ventilation is of a suction type. In this case, the blower 2 is, for example, a blower pump type, which is provided, for example, in the middle of the exhaust pipe 61 (between the exhaust port 17 and the deodorizing device 6), and the outer end of the air supply pipe 21 is used as an air intake. What is necessary is just to make it open to the atmosphere. As described above, even when the forced ventilation is performed by the suction method, the flow of the air in the fermenter 2 can be directed upward as in the case of the pressurized ventilation.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 4, the inner container 3 which is a part of the main part of the present invention will be described.
Is for putting the compost raw material M, has air permeability and self-supporting property, and is formed in a cylindrical shape such as a cylindrical shape or a rectangular cylindrical shape. The material of the inner container 3 is steel, FRP
Other arbitrary materials are used.

At least one (five in FIG. 1) of such inner containers 3 is housed in the fermenter 1 so that it can be taken in and out through the opening 11 by opening and closing the lid 15. The compost material M in the container 3 is fermented by the action of the aerobic decomposing bacteria to be composted. A plurality of middle containers 3 are fermenters 1
Inside, they are stored in a stacked state.

More specifically, the inner container 3 includes, for example, a frame 31 made of a hard aggregate and a net or wire mesh 32 or a punched metal stretched to form the upper surface and the peripheral surface. A perforated plate, an annular bottom plate 33 fixed to form a bottom surface, and a cover plate 3 provided on an opening 34 for taking in and out compost material or product compost in the bottom plate 33.
5 and a hinge 3 provided between the annular bottom plate 33 and the lid plate 35
6 and a lock 37 that can be engaged. The bottom plate 33 may be a perforated plate such as a punched metal. In addition, since the middle container 3 is made into a small block having a height of, for example, 1 m or less, air can easily pass therethrough, which is suitable for fermentation decomposition treatment by aerobic and thermophilic bacteria during secondary fermentation.

Compost raw materials or product compost to and from the inner container 3 as described above is of course carried out outside the fermenter 1. Also, input (supply) of the compost raw material M into the middle container 3
Since the opening 34 is at the bottom, the operation is performed in a state where the middle container 3 is normally inverted. When the product compost is discharged from the middle container 3, the direction of the middle container 3 is upright, inverted, or sideways. Alternatively, it may be in an inclined state, but it is better to discharge in an erect state. In this case, most product compost is discharged by gravity.

In any case, the cylindrical inner container 3 is
As long as the net 32 or the perforated plate has sufficient air permeability between the inside and the outside and has a self-sustainability such that the compost material M does not lose its shape as a whole in a stacked state, Does not matter.

Although not shown, other three embodiments of the inner container 3 will be described below. The bottom plate 33 and the lid plate 35 are perforated plates, and the bottom plate 3
3 and the cover plate 35 are removed and a net or a perforated plate is put on the entire lower surface in place of them, and the net 32 or the perforated plate on the upper surface is discharged to form an opening and a cover plate is applied thereto, or a cover is provided on the upper opening. One that is always open without a board, or
An example in which the entire inner container 3 is made tough and formed of a hard perforated plate can be given.

The inner container 3 shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 is provided with the following members in addition to the members 31 to 37 described above. Reference numeral 38 denotes a hook member having a fitting hole projecting from the upper center of the inner container 3.
Is fixed to the center of two aggregates arranged in a cross shape, which are part of the frame body 31, and includes a crane or a crane for lifting and suspending the inner container 3. A hook of a loading / unloading facility such as a hoist is detachably engaged.

An arbitrary number (four in the drawing) of foot members 39 projecting downward are provided at the bottom of the inner container 3. When the inner container 3 is placed on the air dispersing means 22 on the inner bottom of the fermenter 1, the foot members 39
A space is secured between the middle container 3 and the air dispersing means 22 so that the small holes 24 are not sealed at the bottom of the middle container 3 to prevent the release of air. When the three containers 3 are stacked in the fermenter 1, the two middle containers 3, which are vertically overlapped with each other, come into close contact with each other, and the air flow is blocked in their polymerization section. It serves to secure a space for air circulation between the two inner containers 3 and 3 so that sufficient air does not become insufficient. Further, since an annular gap G is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the fermenter 1 and the inner container 3, a sufficient space for air circulation of air is formed.

The foot member 39 may be formed by welding or the like to a lower annular aggregate which is a constituent member of the frame body 31 so as to protrude therefrom. Alternatively, the vertical aggregate of the frame body 31 may be formed by lowering the lower annular aggregate body. May be formed to extend integrally with each other.

Further, a first connecting member 40 and a second connecting member 41 are provided on the upper and lower portions of the middle container 3, respectively, so that when a plurality of middle containers 3 are stacked in the fermenter 1, two middle containers 3 which are vertically overlapped. The containers 3, 3 can be detachably assembled by vertically fitting the first connecting member 40 of the lower middle container 3 and the second connecting member 41 of the upper middle container 3. .

The first and second connecting members 40, 41
The inner container 3 provided with the inner container 3 does not move and collapse when it is stacked in the fermenter 1, so that the inner container 3 itself, the inner wall of the fermenter 1 or the piping 21, 71 is not damaged and is safe. Even when the middle container 3 is piled up outside the fermenter 1 for the purpose of standby or storage, the collapse can be prevented.

The structure of the illustrated first and second connecting members 40 and 41 will be described more specifically. First connecting member 40
Are configured as a plurality of (four in the figure) protruding pieces fixed to the annular aggregate above the frame 31 by welding or the like, and the second connecting member 41 is configured as a circular aggregate below the frame 31. Are formed as a plurality (four in the figure) of receiving pieces fixed by welding or the like. The receiving piece 41 as the second connecting member has a fitting hole 42 into which the projecting piece 40 as the first connecting member of the other inner container 3 is detachably fitted.
It has. In the figure, the second connecting member 41 also serves as the foot member 39 described above, but does not prevent the second connecting member 41 from being provided as a dedicated member different from the foot member 39.

Next, returning to the fermenter 1 shown in FIG. 1, the auxiliary equipment and the like will be described. Reference numeral 52 denotes a watering nozzle provided directly below the cover plate 15 in the fermenter 1 via a mounting member (not shown), and sprays water to the compost material M placed in the middle container 3 in the fermenter 1. Things. Watering nozzle 52
As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of small holes 54 are formed in a radially (cross-shaped) nozzle pipe 53, and a water supply pipe 51 penetrating a lid 15 communicates therewith. is there. The base end of the water supply pipe 51 is connected to a water supply pump 5 adapted to take in water from a water supply source (not shown).

The sprinklers 5, 51 and 52 are used when the moisture of the compost material M to be fermented in the fermenter 1 is insufficient.
If the raw material M originally contains sufficient moisture, or if the water content of the raw material M has been adjusted in advance in the pretreatment step so as to be an appropriate amount, the watering device may not be provided.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 7 denotes a drainage pump installed outside the fermentation tank 1, and a drainage pipe 71 communicated with the drainage pump is inserted into the fermentation tank 1, and a water suction end of the drainage pipe 71. The (tip) is opened at the inner bottom of the fermenter 1. This drainage device is operated when water dropped or dropped from the compost material M or water sprayed from the watering nozzle 52 accumulates at the inner bottom.

The water supply pipe 51 and the exhaust pipe 61 described above are used.
Is a flexible tube (hose) so that it can bend with the opening and closing of the lid 15 of the fermenter 1.

In the operation of the composting apparatus of the present invention, the compost raw material M supplied into the fermenter 1 through at least one middle container 3 having air permeability and autonomy is not shown in the figure. Monitor and control the temperature and humidity of the raw material M (for example, after putting the compost raw material M into the middle container 3, insert a rod-shaped temperature and humidity sensor, and connect the temperature and humidity indicators installed on the sensor tip and the lid 15 with wiring. When the aeration rate, temperature, and moisture are maintained at the specified values, the aerobic decomposing bacteria start to work actively. Achieved. According to the aerobic method, although it depends on the conditions of the compost raw material M and the atmosphere in the fermenter 1, the period until compost is completed is relatively short.
For example, even in about 10 days, quite good quality compost can be obtained.

In the apparatus of the present invention, the ventilation can be adjusted to a required amount by operating the blower 2. As for the temperature, it is said that the temperature required for the active activity of the decomposing bacteria in the initial stage (early stage of the heating period) is about 20 ° C. or higher. In a relatively high temperature area where the average temperature has reached that temperature, it may not be necessary to provide a heating device, but in a cold area or the like, in the case of pressurized ventilation, the blower 2, the air supply pipe 21 or the fermentation The compost raw material M is heated to a target temperature through the ventilation by appropriately attaching a suitable heating device to the tank 1 or the like, or, in the case of suction ventilation, to the air supply pipe or the fermenter 1 or the like, as necessary. be able to.

Further, regarding the water content, as described above,
If the water content of the compost raw material M is insufficient, water is sprayed with the watering nozzle 52 to adjust the water content of the raw material M to a required value.

FIG. 5 shows an example of use of the organic matter composting apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 5, members indicated by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 represent the same members, and therefore, a detailed description thereof will be omitted here without duplicating the description.

In this use example, a plurality of composting apparatuses according to the present invention (five in the figure) are installed at the same place. The fermenters 1 are arranged in a ring at intervals and buried in the ground. The five fermenters 1 were denoted by 1a to 1e and distinguished from each other.

In the five fermenters 1a to 1e, the blower 2, the deodorizer 6, the water supply pump 5, and the drain pump 7 are commonly used. The five water supply pipes 51 branched from the main pipe of the water supply pump 5 have valves 5 each capable of adjusting the flow rate.
5 is provided, and the five air supply pipes 21 branched from the main pipe of the blower 2 are also provided with the same flow rate-controllable opening / closing switching valve 25, and the five air supply pipes 21 branched from the main pipe of the drainage pump 7 are provided. The drainage pipe 71 is also provided with a similar open / close switching valve 77.

In such a group of devices, if the number of days required for composting the compost material supplied in each fermenter 1 to be composted is, for example, 10 days, the two fermenters 1a to 1e are each 2 days. If the compost material is supplied sequentially at different times,
Every two days, the fermented compost that has matured from one fermenter 1 is taken out, so that a new raw material can be supplied thereto.

According to such an operation method, the processing amount of the compost raw material and the shipping amount of the product compost can be equalized in a predetermined period.

[0039]

According to the organic matter composting apparatus of the present invention described above, the following effects can be obtained. Since most or all of the fermentation tank is buried underground, the fermentation tank does not obstruct the appearance and does not impair the landscape, and the space above the fermentation tank can be effectively used. Since the opening of the fermenter is in a low position near the ground,
To suspend or lift the middle container filled with compost raw materials or product compost into the fermentation tank, the use of large carry-in / out equipment is no longer necessary, and the use of small carry-in / out equipment can be completed. In other words, equipment costs can be reduced. The air-permeable and self-supporting inner container is not crushed in the fermentation tank unlike the bag of the conventional device, so that the amount of ventilation provided to the compost material may be significantly reduced. And high quality product compost can be obtained in a short period of time.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing an embodiment of an organic matter composting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a watering nozzle taken out of the apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of an air dispersion means taken out of the apparatus of FIG.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are views showing an inner container used in the apparatus of FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 4A is an enlarged perspective view, FIG. 4B is an enlarged partial longitudinal sectional view showing a connecting portion between two inner containers, and FIG. Is an enlarged bottom view.

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view showing an example of use of the organic matter composting apparatus according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fermenter 1a-1e Fermenter 11 Opening 12 Axis 13 Bottom floor slab 14 Body side wall 15 Lid 16 Air supply port 17 Exhaust port 18 Receiving stand 2 Blower base 21 Air supply pipe 22 Air dispersion means 23 Air chamber 24 Small hole 25 Opening / closing switching valve 3 Middle container 31 Frame 32 Net or wire mesh 33 Bottom plate 34 Opening 35 Cover plate 36 Hinge 37 Locking member 38 Hanging member 39 Foot member 40 First connecting member 41 Second connecting member 42 Fitting hole 5 Water supply pump 51 Water supply pipe 52 Watering nozzle 53 Nozzle pipe 54 Small hole 6 Deodorizing device 61 Exhaust pipe 7 Drain pump 71 Drain pipe 77 Open / close switching valve G Gap M Compost raw material S Ground surface

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C05F 9/02 B09B 3/00 ZABD

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A closed cylindrical fermenter having a lid that can be opened and closed at the top is buried underground, and a fermenter is provided with a tubular and air-permeable and self-supporting fermenter for compost material. A composting apparatus for organic matter, wherein at least one middle container is housed so that it can be taken in and out by opening and closing the lid. 2. An air supply port and an exhaust port are provided in a sealed cylindrical fermentation tank having an openable and closable lid at an upper part thereof for forcibly flowing air in the tank, and an air supply port or an air supply port is provided. A blower is connected to the piping system of the exhaust port, most or all of the fermentation tank is buried underground, and inside the fermentation tank is an air-permeable and self-supporting cylindrical An apparatus for composting organic matter, wherein at least one container is housed so that it can be taken in and out by opening and closing the lid. 3. The organic matter according to claim 1, wherein a drainage pump is provided outside the fermentation tank, and a water suction end of a drainage pipe connected to the drainage pump is opened at an inner bottom of the fermentation tank. Composting equipment. 4. The apparatus for composting organic matter according to claim 1, wherein a foot member protruding downward is provided at the bottom of the middle container. 5. A first connection member and a second connection member are respectively provided on an upper portion and a bottom portion of the middle container, and when a plurality of middle containers are stacked, the two middle containers overlapping one another above and below are the first middle container of the lower middle container. The organic material according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, wherein the connecting member and the second connecting member of the upper middle container are removably assembled by vertically fitting each other. Composting equipment. 6. The fermenter according to claim 1, wherein the fermenter comprises a bottom slab made of concrete and a body side wall and a lid made of another material connected to the bottom slab. An organic matter composting device according to any one of the above.