Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
  • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
  • E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls
  • E04H9/12—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls entirely underneath the level of the ground, e.g. air-raid galleries
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
  • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
  • E21D11/05—Lining with building materials using compressible insertions
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
  • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
  • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
  • E21D11/22—Clamps or other yieldable means for interconnecting adjacent arch members either rigidly, or allowing arch member parts to slide when subjected to excessive pressure

Definitions

• the invention relates to a shelter with an arch or ring-shaped steel-concrete structure.
• a large number of shelter buildings with steel-concrete structures are known. All designs have in common that they contain a rigid construction. For example, reference can be made to the protective space known from DE-PS 35 21 884.
• a sheet steel container provided as internal formwork for a shelter. The steel sheet container is provided with concrete on the outside.
• Such an extremely stiff steel-concrete structure can withstand significant impacts in the event of a crisis.
• this construction method does not do justice to modern explosives.
• the direction of development of modern explosives is to release the blasting energy in an increasingly short time. This results in ever larger peak loads, while the duration of the load is reduced. This is where the invention comes in, because the invention is based on the idea of working off the blasting energy or the peak loads.
• a protective space with an annular or arched structure is provided for this purpose, which is referred to below as a vault.
• the vault is formed by steel inner segments and outer building material segments, the outer building material segments being arranged on the inner steel segments and each combined steel building material segment being supported on the other steel building material segment via resilience elements.
• the load is processed by pushing the resilience elements together.
• the flexibility can be set so that not only is it possible to push the sheet together in the circumferential direction, but also to give in by bending the sheet.
• a shelter according to the invention can be prefabricated at the factory.
• the prefabrication can be complete. This presupposes, however, that the dimensions of the shelter allow transportation.
• the shelter according to the invention can also be easily transported in individual parts on site and assembled there.
• the prefabrication is then optionally limited to the steel segments and resilience elements if, for. B. for reasons of sealing, a closed concrete outer shell is provided on the shelter. When the outer concrete shell is closed, a deformation cavity is provided in the concrete shell in the area of the resilience elements. The deformation cavity is so large that the remaining concrete does not significantly impair the deformation work in the event of a load on the protective space.
• concrete segments are also included. Then the concrete segments together with the steel segments form finished parts.
• the deformation cavity existing between the segments in the area of the resilience elements is covered with sealing elements, and the joints between the segments lying next to one another in the longitudinal direction of the protective space are the same. Joint seals made of elastic plastic are also suitable here.
• the building material provided for the building material segments according to the invention is preferably concrete. Other building materials are also considered.
• the steel building material construction according to the invention for a shelter can be varied in many ways.
• the construction can be adjusted to the special requirements of the individual case.
• the setting is made either by changing the number of different segments and / or by changing the number of compliance elements.
• the construction is suitable as a modular system.
• corrugated steel sheets are preferably used as steel sheet segments.
• the steel especially high resistance to bending.
• the resilience elements can consist of plate walls, between which deformation profiles are provided.
• the design of the deformation profiles can be designed mathematically and constructively exactly to the desired flexibility.
• the groups can follow the radius of curvature of the construction. That is, the groups are then arranged on a radius of curvature.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a section through an inventive steel construction material construction for shelters
• a vault-like shelter with a vault 1 and an arch 2 is shown.
• the shelter is embedded in the ground.
• the surrounding soil is shown in dash-dot lines at 1.1.
• the steel building material construction according to the invention consists of an approximately closed steel inner shell and molded-on concrete segments 1.2. Other building materials can be used instead of concrete.
• the closed inner shell settles in the circumferential direction of the vault 1 from five sheet metal segments 4 together, which are formed by corrugated steel sheet, e.g. B. 2 - 5 mm thick.
• Steel segments 4 are likewise arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the arch 1.
• the number of steel segments 4 can be varied in the circumferential direction and also in the longitudinal direction of the vault.
• a screw connection is provided in the overlap area.
• the nuts of the screw connections are arranged on the inside of the shelter.
• screws 10 can also be used. The prerequisite is that the screws 10 penetrate a through hole of one edge 4.1 and can be screwed into a threaded hole of the edge 4.1 behind it.
• wedge or bolt connections are optionally provided.
• the individual connections are evenly distributed around the circumference of the vault.
• the segments 4 are provided with a number of evenly distributed building material anchors 4.2.
• reinforcement is also provided, which at the same time reinforces the concrete segments 1.2.
• the building material anchors 4.2 are optionally inserted, welded or screwed in segment 4. At the free end facing away from segment 4, the building material anchors 4.2 have an angle.
• the building material anchors 4.2 serve to secure the connection between the concrete segments 1.2 and the segments 4 or to establish a connection. This applies in particular to segments 4 with a smooth surface.
• Flexibility elements 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 are provided between the segments 4.
• the resilience elements 5.1 are arranged in a solitary manner, the resilience elements 5.3 in the elm (side area of the vault), the resilience elements 5.2 in the ridge area.
• the concrete segments 1.2 extend over the length of the segments 4. In the area of the resilience elements 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3, the concrete segments 1.2 leave a deformation cavity free.
• the concrete segments 1.2 are prefabricated with the segments 4 at the factory and are delivered as components together with the resilience elements to the construction site and assembled there.
• the concrete segments 1.2 can also be cast in place. When casting, a deformation cavity is secured in the area of the resilience elements by means of appropriate formwork. Formwork, also inflatable cushions are suitable.
• the concrete segments 1.2 can be cast together for several segments 4. This creates a building material bar that extends over several segments and possibly over all segments.
• the building material bar distributes loads, which are directed to a single segment 4, over several segments 4 of adjacent segment arches.
• each segment 4 can yield to the load with its concrete segment until, for. B. the explosion energy has been processed or until the distribution of
• the flexibility elements are advantageously suitable for suspension of loads.
• the flexibility elements are optionally provided with molded eyes.
• Lighter loads, e.g. B. supply lines can also be attached to the building material anchors that protrude through the segments 4 into the shelter.
• the arches consisting of segments 4 are inserted.
• the arches can also move inwards if necessary.
• the construction according to the invention yields while compressing the resilience elements, the cavity provided behind the resilience elements is reduced.
• the segments 4 can yield to a load until the flexibility of the flexibility elements is fully exhausted.
• the flexibility described above is also given when z. B. for reasons of sealing a closed concrete outer shell is poured onto the segments 4.
• suitable moldings or suitable formwork ensure that there is a sufficient deformation cavity behind the resilience elements and that the thickness of the concrete shell in this area does not lead to a substantial impediment to the resilience behavior.
• the above-mentioned inflatable cushions can serve as suitable shaped bodies or formwork bodies. In the inflated state, the pillows are positioned behind the resilience elements and are released after the concrete has solidified. After the air has been released, the pillows can be pulled out of the cavity. With a suitable cushion material, this is already possible without additional coating. Otherwise, the cushions can be detached with the aid of silicone or rubber or other known coatings.
• moldings can also be used to form cavities, e.g. B. hollow body made of wood, steel or plastic.
• the moldings can form a lost formwork, ie the moldings then remain at the point of use.
• the moldings for the formation of cavities are also made in one piece with the resilience elements or are molded onto them.
• resilience elements made of sheet steel construction the molded body forming the cavity between two adjacent concrete segments 1.2 in the circumferential direction can, for. B. arise from a sheet metal bulge.
• the resilience elements 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 have plates 6 lying in the circumferential direction, between which deformation profiles 7 are provided.
• the deformation profiles 7 extend both in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction of the elements.
• the deformation profiles 7 optionally have an essentially M-shaped or W-shaped cross-sectional shape.
• the cross-sectional shape, the material used and other parameters relevant for the deformation behavior can vary.
• All parts of the resilience elements are made of sheet steel, e.g. B. 2 - 5 mm thick.
• deformation profiles 7 are provided in two planes one above the other for the resilience element 5.1 provided in the sole area. There are four deformation profiles 7 in each plane. The lower deformation profiles 7 are connected to the deformation profiles 7 lying above them by straight support beams 8. The resilience behavior of the resilience elements 5.1 can also be influenced by the length of the support beams 8.
• two levels with deformation profiles 7 are again provided for the resilience elements 2 provided in the ridge area.
• support beams 8 of greater length a! S are provided on the inside of the resilience element.
• the two planes with the deformation profiles are at an angle to one another. The angular position is adapted to the radius of curvature of the segmental arch in the ridge area.
• the resilience elements 5.2 differ from the resilience elements 5.1 by coupling bodies 11 and 12 with through openings 13.
• the coupling body 11 is formed by a piece of pipe
• the coupling body 12 is formed by two im Pipe pieces arranged at a distance from one another.
• the two pipe sections of the coupling body 12 are at a distance which corresponds to the length of the coupling body 11.
• a coupling body 11 of the resilience element can be encompassed with play with the coupling body 12 of an adjacent resilience element.
• the through openings 13 are then aligned so that bolts can be inserted. In this way, a connection of the arches composed of segments and compliance elements is effected.
• deformation profiles 7 differs from that according to FIG. 3 in that several groups of deformation profiles 7 are provided, i. H. Above the connecting webs 8, two levels with deformation profiles 7 are provided. The same arrangement of deformation profiles 7 is given in each plane.
• All resilience elements 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 have in common that they have retaining profiles 9.
• a holding profile 9 is provided in each case for the flexible elements 5.1.
• the other resilience elements have two holding profiles 9.
• the holding profiles 9 are provided on the surfaces 6. They serve to connect the segments 4 and have a corresponding wave shape.
• the segments are inserted into the holding profiles 9 from the inside of the protective space.
• There the segments at 15 can be screwed to the holding profiles 9.
• Other connection options are also possible.
• 5 shows a compliance element 20 which can be used instead of element 5.1.
• the element 20 absorbs greater shear forces, such as can occur with extreme deformation in a direction running approximately horizontally, transversely to the longitudinal axis of the protective space.
• each plane 21 which run radially to the cross section of the protective space.
• the deformation profiles 22 of the levels 21 are connected to one another via a closed box 23 instead of rods 8, which forms an abutment for the deformation profiles 22.
• reinforcement bolts 24 are provided behind the holding profile.
• the reinforcement bolts connect the resilient element to the building material segment 1.2. This improves the shear strength.
• elements can be used which are constructed like the element 20.
• the segments 4 and resilience elements according to the invention can be assembled in a simple manner with the aid of a construction crane.
• FIG. 6 shows an advantageous overlap of segments 30 and 31 which are used instead of segments 1.2.
• the segment 31 overlaps the deformation cavity 32 behind the resilience element 5.2 with a nose 33 and lies with this nose 33 in a recess 34 of the segment 30, which is covered with a sheet 35.
• the sheet 35 is attached to the segment 30 at 36.
• a plastic seal 37 is also provided between the nose 33 and the segment 30.
• the construction according to FIG. 6 ensures that the gap is sealed and covered between two segments which are adjacent in the circumferential direction.
• the gap existing in the longitudinal direction of the protective space between the segments can be covered and overlapped in a corresponding manner.
• Fig. 7 shows a shelter according to the invention, the vault of which is closed at the end with a portal.
• the vault has a steel inner shell 41 and a concrete outer shell 40.
• the portal consists of an inner sheet reinforcement 43 and a concrete outer part 42.
• the connection between the vault and the portal is made with bolts 45 and eyes 44.
• the bolts 45 are on the inner shell 41, the Eyes 44 attached to the sheet reinforcement 43.
• the bolts 45 are displaceable in the eyes 44.
• the direction of displacement is approximately radial to the vault.
• the eyes may have a clearance of several centimeters, so that the arch can be deformed without wedging or jamming the bolts 45 in the eyes 44.
• a seal 46 is provided between the inner shell 41 and the sheet metal reinforcement 43.
• the concrete outer shell optionally has a collar 50 with which it encompasses the portal.
• a deformation cavity 51 is provided.
• the portal is covered with a sheet 52.
• the plate 52 is fastened to the collar 50 at 53 and, in the exemplary embodiment, assumes the holding function of the bolts 45 and eyes 44.
• the end region shown in FIG. 7 is intended for small diameter shelters. In the case of larger diameters, it is advantageous to bring the ends of the protective space into the shape of a conical section or hemispherical section by tapering the arch. As a result, the opening is reduced to a dimension closable according to FIG. 7.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
• Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
• Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6348268

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications Before (1)

Country Status (13)

Families Citing this family (32)

Family Cites Families (13)

• 1988
  • 1988-02-26 DE DE3806126A patent/DE3806126A1/de active Granted
• 1989
  • 1989-02-21 JP JP1502554A patent/JPH02503339A/ja active Pending
  • 1989-02-21 JP JP89502446A patent/JPH02503584A/ja active Pending
  • 1989-02-21 WO PCT/EP1989/000158 patent/WO1989008179A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1989-02-21 EP EP89902764A patent/EP0413693B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-02-21 EP EP89902644A patent/EP0408577A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1989-02-21 KR KR1019890701976A patent/KR900700719A/ko active Search and Examination
  • 1989-02-21 KR KR1019890701975A patent/KR900700712A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1989-02-21 DE DE8989902764T patent/DE58902974D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-02-21 WO PCT/EP1989/000159 patent/WO1989008181A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1989-02-24 RU SU894613677A patent/RU1833474C/ru active
  • 1989-02-24 FR FR8902413A patent/FR2627802A1/fr active Pending
  • 1989-02-24 BR BR898900857A patent/BR8900857A/pt unknown
  • 1989-02-24 PL PL1989277924A patent/PL159357B1/pl unknown
  • 1989-02-24 GB GB8904255A patent/GB2216157B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-02-24 US US07/315,884 patent/US4997317A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-02-25 CN CN89101857A patent/CN1017465B/zh not_active Expired
  • 1989-02-27 KR KR1019890002329A patent/KR890013307A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1989-02-27 ZA ZA891490A patent/ZA891490B/xx unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events