CN210222762U - Ultrahigh frequency RFID reader-writer and ultrahigh frequency RFID reading-writing system - Google Patents
Ultrahigh frequency RFID reader-writer and ultrahigh frequency RFID reading-writing system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请提供一种超高频RFID读写器、超高频RFID读写系统，通过发射模块、耦合模块、天线模块、控制模块、接收模块、接口模块、及电源模块；所述发射模块包括：压控振荡器、第一功分器、及射频功率放大器；所述接收模块包括：移相电路、混频器、中频滤波器、及中频放大器；所述控制模块与所述混频器电性连接，用于控制所述混频器以选择经不同移相处理的本振信号；所述移相电路分别与所述第一功分器、及混频器电性连接。本申请能够大大减小输出的中频信号中的噪声分量，有效提高读写器的解调能力及读写距离。
The application provides an ultra-high frequency RFID reader/writer and an ultra-high frequency RFID reading and writing system, through a transmitting module, a coupling module, an antenna module, a control module, a receiving module, an interface module, and a power supply module; the transmitting module includes: a voltage controlled oscillator, a first power divider, and a radio frequency power amplifier; the receiving module includes: a phase shift circuit, a mixer, an intermediate frequency filter, and an intermediate frequency amplifier; the control module and the mixer are electrically connected connected to control the mixer to select local oscillator signals processed by different phase shifts; the phase shift circuit is electrically connected to the first power divider and the mixer respectively. The present application can greatly reduce the noise component in the output intermediate frequency signal, and effectively improve the demodulation capability and reading and writing distance of the reader.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of radio frequency identification reading and writing, in particular to an ultrahigh frequency RFID reader-writer and an ultrahigh frequency RFID reading and writing system.
Background
At present, a passive RFID tag is mainly powered by a radio frequency signal transmitted by a reader-writer and transmits information stored in a chip, if a signal returned by the tag is orthogonal to a carrier signal, the signal is converted into an intermediate frequency signal with almost no noise after frequency mixing, but in practice, because the position of the tag away from the reader-writer is not fixed, the signal returned by the tag is not necessarily orthogonal to the carrier signal when entering a mixer, particularly, the signal is not orthogonal at most, so that the intermediate frequency signal output by the mixer has a noise component,
the noise component of the part is very close to the useful signal, the intermediate frequency filtering hardly plays a role in the useful signal, the intermediate frequency amplifier amplifies the noise component and the useful signal together and sends the amplified noise component and the useful signal into the controller MCU, the judgment of the controller MCU is wrong due to the overlarge noise component, even the useful signal cannot be judged, and then the effect and the distance of reading and writing the label by the reader-writer are influenced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved in the present application is to provide an ultrahigh frequency RFID reader/writer and an ultrahigh frequency RFID reading/writing system, which are used to solve the problem in the prior art that noise components are avoided in the intermediate frequency signal output in the RFID reading/writing process.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present application provides an ultrahigh frequency RFID read/write system, comprising: the device comprises a transmitting module, a coupling module, an antenna module, a control module, a receiving module, an interface module and a power supply module; the transmitting module includes: the power divider comprises a voltage-controlled oscillator, a first power divider and a radio frequency power amplifier; the receiving module includes: a phase shift circuit, a mixer, an intermediate frequency filter, and an intermediate frequency amplifier; the control module is electrically connected with the frequency mixer and used for controlling the frequency mixer to select local oscillation signals subjected to different phase shifting processing; the phase shift circuit is electrically connected with the first power divider and the mixer respectively.
In an embodiment of the present application, the phase shift circuit includes: a second power divider, a first phase shifter, and a second phase shifter; the input end of the second power divider is electrically connected with the output end of the first power divider; the input ends of the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are respectively electrically connected with the output end of the second power divider; the output ends of the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are respectively electrically connected with the input end of the frequency mixer.
In an embodiment of the present application, the phase shift angle parameter values of the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are preset to be different by 90 °.
In an embodiment of the application, the control module controls the local oscillator input switch of the mixer to select the phase shifter corresponding to the smaller connected noise by comparing noise magnitudes of the acquired first signal phase-shifted by the first phase shifter and the acquired second signal phase-shifted by the second phase shifter.
In an embodiment of the application, the control module adjusts the phase shift angle parameter value of the first phase shifter or the second phase shifter according to a gaussian distribution of noise in the first signal or the second signal obtained each time.
In an embodiment of the application, the control module adjusts the phase shift angle parameter value of the first phase shifter or the second phase shifter by changing a voltage value of the input voltage.
In an embodiment of the present application, the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are load line phase shifters, and the load line phase shifters include: a first inductor, a second inductor and a capacitor; one end of the first inductor is an input end; the other end of the first inductor is electrically connected with one end of the second inductor and one end of the capacitor respectively; the other end of the second inductor is an output end; the other end of the capacitor is grounded.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present application provides an uhf RFID reader comprising an uhf RFID reading and writing system as described above.
As mentioned above, the ultrahigh frequency RFID reader-writer and the ultrahigh frequency RFID reading-writing system are provided by the application. Comparing the noise of the first signal and the second signal by acquiring a first signal subjected to phase shifting processing by the first phase shifter and a second signal subjected to phase shifting processing by the second phase shifter so as to control the mixer to select the phase shifter corresponding to the smaller connected noise; and/or adjusting the output voltage according to the Gaussian distribution of the noise of the first signal or the second signal so as to enable the phase shifter to adjust the corresponding phase shift angle parameter value.
The following beneficial effects are achieved:
the noise component in the output intermediate frequency signal can be greatly reduced, and the demodulation capability and the reading and writing distance of the reader-writer are effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an uhf RFID read/write system in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a load line phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application is provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present application will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. The present application is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications and/or changes in various respects, all without departing from the spirit of the present application. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present application, and the drawings only show the components related to the present application and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a wireless communication technology, and is a non-contact automatic Identification technology that uses Radio Frequency signal spatial coupling to identify a target and acquire target data. The most important advantage of the RFID technology is non-contact identification, the RFID technology has the advantages that the RFID technology can penetrate through a severe environment reading label which cannot be used by bar codes such as snow, fog, ice, paint, dust and the like, and can also identify a plurality of labels simultaneously, and the label has the advantages of small size, diversified shapes, strong pollution resistance, reusability, large data memory capacity, encryption capability and the like. With the development of the RFID technology, the application fields of the RFID technology become wide, such as food safety tracing, book borrowing and returning systems, access control systems, warehouse management, parking lot management systems, traffic monitoring and management, and the like. Experts have pointed out that the RFID technology is likely to become a new technology that affects global economy and life following mobile communication technology and internet technology.
The RFID electronic tags are divided into the following parts according to different energy source obtaining modes: active, passive, semi-active semi-passive and the like. The active electronic tag is also called as an active tag, the working power supply of the tag is completely supplied by an internal battery, and meanwhile, the radio frequency energy required by the communication between the electronic tag and the reader is also supplied by the battery; the tag has the advantages of long reading/writing distance, large, thick and heavy external dimension, high cost, limited application field, no long-term use of the battery, and replacement of the battery after energy is exhausted. The semi-active electronic tag is also called a semi-active tag, and the battery only supplies power to a circuit for maintaining data in the tag; before the tag is not in the manual working state, the tag is always in the dormant state, which is equivalent to a passive tag; when the tag enters a reading area of a reader, the tag is excited by a radio frequency signal sent by the reader to enter a manual operation state; the advantages and disadvantages of the tag are substantially the same as those of the active tag. The passive electronic tag is also called a passive tag, a battery is not arranged in the passive electronic tag, and the tag converts part of energy from radio frequency energy emitted by a reader into a power supply required by the operation of the tag; the label has the advantages of small and exquisite appearance, light weight, thinness, convenient installation, low cost and long service life, is suitable for various use occasions, and can be free of maintenance.
In addition, the ultrahigh frequency RFID (international standard ISO18000-6C stipulates an operating frequency band of 860-960 MHz) has a shorter operating wavelength than the high frequency 13.56MHz and the low frequency 125KHz, the antenna size is small and flexible, and the application is flexible, so that the ultrahigh frequency passive tag and the reader-writer become the key direction of the development of the field of the Internet of things in recent years.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an uhf RFID read/write system in an embodiment of the present application. As shown, the uhf RFID reader system 100 includes: a transmitting module 110, a coupling module 120, an antenna module 130, a control module 140, a receiving module 150, an interface module 160, and a power supply module 170.
The transmitting module 110 is electrically connected to the coupling module 120, and the coupling module 120 is electrically connected to the antenna module 130; the transmitting module 110 and the coupling module 120 are further electrically connected to the receiving module 150 respectively; the receiving module 150 and the interface module 160 are electrically connected to the control module 140, respectively. In addition, the power module 170 is electrically connected to each module to provide power, and it should be noted that, although a schematic diagram of the power module 170 electrically connected to each module is not shown in fig. 1 for simplicity, it should be understood here.
In an embodiment of the present application, the transmitting module 110 includes: a voltage controlled oscillator 111, a first power divider 112, and an rf power amplifier 113. As can be seen from fig. 1, the input terminal of the voltage controlled oscillator 111 is electrically connected to one terminal of the control module 140, the output terminal thereof is electrically connected to the input terminal of the first power divider 112, and the output terminal of the first power divider 112 is electrically connected to the rf power amplifier 113 and the second power divider 155, respectively.
In this embodiment, the voltage-controlled oscillator 111 is mainly used for providing an oscillation signal, i.e. the local oscillation signal described in this application; the first power divider 112 is mainly used for dividing power, and has two inputs and two outputs. The rf power amplifier 113 is mainly used for amplifying power.
Generally, a voltage controlled oscillator is an oscillating circuit (VCO) having an output frequency corresponding to an input control voltage, and the frequency of the oscillator VCO is a function of the input signal voltage.
The Power divider is a device which divides one path of input signal energy into two paths or multiple paths to output equal or unequal energy, or conversely, combines multiple paths of signal energy into one path to output, and is also called a combiner at this time. Certain isolation degree should be guaranteed between output ports of one power divider. The power divider is generally divided into two-in-one (one input and two outputs), three-in-one (one input and three outputs), and the like according to the output. The main technical parameters of the power divider include power loss (including insertion loss, distribution loss and reflection loss), voltage standing wave ratio of each port, isolation, amplitude balance, phase balance, power capacity, bandwidth and the like among the power distribution ports.
Radio frequency power amplifier (English name: power amplifier), abbreviated as "power amplifier", is an important component of various wireless transmitters. The main technical indicators of the rf power amplifier are output power and efficiency. In addition, the harmonic components in the output should be as small as possible to avoid interference with other channels. In the front stage circuit of the transmitter, the radio frequency signal power generated by the modulation oscillation circuit is very small, and the radio frequency signal can be fed to an antenna to be radiated after sufficient radio frequency power is obtained through a series of amplifying-buffering stages, middle amplifying stages and final power amplifiers. In order to obtain a sufficiently large radio frequency output power, a radio frequency power amplifier must be employed.
In the present embodiment, the voltage-controlled oscillator 111, the first power divider 112, and the rf power amplifier 113 are all common types of devices in the prior art, and there is no special design or requirement, that is, any type of voltage-controlled oscillator, power divider, or rf power amplifier is covered by the scope of the present application.
The antenna module 130 is mainly used to radiate and receive radio waves, and the coupling module 120 is preferably a directional coupler for coupling an external signal received by the antenna module 130 to the receiving module 150.
The directional coupler is a universal microwave/millimeter wave component and can be used for signal isolation, separation and mixing, such as power monitoring, source output power amplitude stabilization, signal source isolation, transmission and reflection frequency sweep testing and the like. The main technical indexes include directivity, standing-wave ratio, coupling degree and insertion loss.
In an embodiment of the present application, the receiving module 150 includes: a phase shift circuit 151, a mixer 152, an intermediate frequency filter 153, and an intermediate frequency amplifier 154. The phase shift circuit 151 is electrically connected to the first power divider 112 and the mixer 152, respectively.
In the present embodiment, the if filter 153 and the if amplifier 154 are mainly used for processing the if signal in the carrier signal. The mixer 152 is mainly used for mixing the frequencies of the signals from the transmitting module 110 and the coupling module 120.
Specifically, the output signal frequency of the mixer 152 is equal to the sum, difference, or other combination of the two input signal frequencies. In the prior art, the mixer is usually composed of a non-linear element and a frequency-selective loop. The mixer is located after a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) and directly processes the rf signal amplified by the LNA. To implement the mixing function, the mixer also needs to receive a Local Oscillator (LO) signal from a voltage controlled oscillator, and its circuit is fully operated in the rf frequency band.
In an embodiment of the present application, the phase shift circuit 151 includes: a second power divider 155, a first phase shifter 156, and a second phase shifter 157; an input terminal of the second power divider 155 is electrically connected to an output terminal of the first power divider 112; the input ends of the first phase shifter 156 and the second phase shifter 157 are electrically connected to the output end of the second power divider 155; the output ends of the first phase shifter 156 and the second phase shifter 157 are electrically connected to the input end of the mixer 152.
Generally, a phase shifter is a device capable of adjusting the phase of a wave. A typical phase shifter circuit is composed of a resistor, a reactance element, a nonlinear element, and an active device, etc., and its phase changes when a sinusoidal signal passes through the phase shifter. When the ideal phase shifter is used for adjusting circuit parameters, the phase of a passing signal can be continuously changed between 0-360 degrees without changing the amplitude of the signal, namely, the signal can pass through without distortion, and only the phase is changed.
In an embodiment of the present application, the first phase shifter 156 and the second phase shifter 157 are load line phase shifters. Please refer to fig. 2. The load line phase shifter in the figure comprises: a first inductor, a second inductor and a capacitor; one end of the first inductor is an input end; the other end of the first inductor is electrically connected with one end of the second inductor and one end of the capacitor respectively; the other end of the second inductor is an output end; the other end of the capacitor is grounded.
In an embodiment of the present application, the control module 140 is electrically connected to the mixer 152, and is configured to control the mixer 152 to select local oscillation signals with different phase shifts;
specifically, the control module 140 controls the local oscillator input switch of the mixer 152 to select the phase shifter corresponding to the smaller noise by comparing the noise magnitudes of the acquired first signal phase-shifted by the first phase shifter 156 and the acquired second signal phase-shifted by the second phase shifter 157.
It should be noted that, in the scenario of applying the uhf passive RFID technology, when the signal returned by the RFID tag enters the mixer 152, if the noise signal is orthogonal (i.e. 90 °) to the carrier signal, the noise component in the intermediate frequency signal output by the mixer 152 is minimal.
Based on this, one embodiment of the manner for the control module 140 to control the mixer 152 to select the local oscillation signals with different phase shifting processes is as follows: the values of the phase shift angle parameters of the first phase shifter 156 and the second phase shifter 157 are preset to be different by 90 °.
In this embodiment, the phase shift angle parameter values of the first phase shifter 156 and the second phase shifter 157 are preset, and may be set many times according to the actual output effect, that is, the phase shift angle parameter values may be manually preset many times.
For example, assume that the phase shift angle of the first phase shifter 156 is set to 30 °, and the phase shift angle of the corresponding second phase shifter 157 is set to 120 ° or-60 ° (kept 90 ° different from the phase shift angle of the first phase shifter 156). Then, after the phase of the carrier signal is shifted by the first phase shifter 156 and the second phase shifter 157, the carrier signal and the noise signal both have an intersection angle, if the intersection angle is larger, the noise component is larger, and since the phase shift angles of the two phase shifters keep a 90 ° phase difference, most of the time, an intersection angle is smaller, an intersection angle is larger, and there is a minimum probability that the two intersection angles are the same. Accordingly, the control module 140 may select the phase shifter corresponding to the smaller noise by controlling the local oscillator input switch of the mixer 152.
Another embodiment of the manner for the control module 140 to control the mixer 152 to select the local oscillator signals with different phase shifts is as follows: the control module 140 adjusts the phase shift angle parameter value of the first phase shifter 156 or the second phase shifter 157 according to the noise in each acquisition of the first signal or the second signal by the gaussian distribution of the noise.
Specifically, the control module 140 adjusts the phase shift angle parameter value of the first phase shifter 156 or the second phase shifter 157 by changing the voltage value of the input voltage.
For example, the gaussian distribution of the noise is understood to mean that the maximum value of the noise is the highest value in the gaussian distribution diagram located in the middle, and accordingly, the noise values decrease toward both sides. Therefore, the method can be used as a guide for adjusting the angle according to the Gaussian distribution of the noise. For example, when the noise level is at a maximum, a phase shift angle adjusted accordingly is 90 °. Specifically, for the control module 140, the input voltage is divided into a plurality of intervals to respectively correspond to different adjustment angles, for example, 1 to 1.5V is added, and accordingly, the phase shifter is adjusted by 5 to 10 °, so that the input voltage can be adjusted by the control module 140 to achieve the purpose of correspondingly adjusting the phase shift angle parameter value of the first phase shifter 156 or the second phase shifter 157.
For the latter embodiment, the cost of implementation is higher than the former embodiment due to the higher processing requirements of the control module 140. However, the output signals obtained by the two embodiments can greatly reduce the noise component in the output intermediate frequency signal, and effectively improve the demodulation capability and the read-write distance of the reader-writer.
In this embodiment, the control module 140 may be a Micro Controller Unit (MCU), a Single Chip Microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer), a Single Chip Microcomputer (scm), or a Single-core microprocessor or a multi-core microprocessor. The control module 140 may also be a general-purpose Processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; the Integrated Circuit may also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware components.
The interface module 106 is electrically connected to the control module 150, and is used for connecting an external device or other communication devices. For example, common industrial equipment interfaces include: RJ45 interface, SC fiber interface, FDDI interface, AUI interface, BNC interface, Console interface, and the like.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned division of each module in the uhf RFID reader/writer system 100 is only a division of a logic function, and may be wholly or partially integrated into a physical entity or physically separated in actual implementation. And these modules can be realized in the form of software called by processing element; or may be implemented entirely in hardware; and part of the units can be realized in the form of calling software by the processing element, and part of the units can be realized in the form of hardware.
In an embodiment of the present application, the present application further provides an ultrahigh frequency RFID reader, where the reader includes the ultrahigh frequency RFID reading and writing system as shown in fig. 1.
In summary, the application provides an ultrahigh frequency RFID reader-writer and an ultrahigh frequency RFID reading-writing system. The device comprises a transmitting module, a coupling module, an antenna module, a control module, a receiving module, an interface module and a power supply module; the transmitting module includes: the power divider comprises a voltage-controlled oscillator, a first power divider and a radio frequency power amplifier; the receiving module includes: a phase shift circuit, a mixer, an intermediate frequency filter, and an intermediate frequency amplifier; the control module is electrically connected with the frequency mixer and used for controlling the frequency mixer to select local oscillation signals subjected to different phase shifting processing; the phase shift circuit is electrically connected with the first power divider and the mixer respectively.
The application effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present application and are not intended to limit the application. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concepts disclosed in the present application shall be covered by the claims of the present application.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111753561A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-09 | 江苏彰旗物联网科技有限公司 | UHF RFID reader, system, method, device and storage medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111753561A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-09 | 江苏彰旗物联网科技有限公司 | UHF RFID reader, system, method, device and storage medium |
| CN111753561B (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2025-03-11 | 江苏铂原信息技术有限公司 | Ultra-high frequency RFID reader, system, method, device and storage medium |
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