Background technology
Often use tensioner in submarine pipeline laying operation process, tensioner comprises frame, is connected the upper and lower caterpillar system that matches that is used for clamping tube on the frame and drives upper and lower caterpillar system upper and lower mobile to compress the hydraulic holding fixture of pipe along frame.Upper and lower caterpillar system comprises jockey sprocket and drive sprocket, the support V-type crawler belt of V-type crawler belt, driving V-type crawler belt respectively and transmits the draft hitch of thrust.Usually make caterpillar system move up and down and apply gripping power to pipe along frame in the middle of the operation process, following caterpillar system is stationary state to cooperate caterpillar system.The draft hitch of existing above caterpillar system is that example describes.Draft hitch is provided with main frame, be respectively equipped with one at main frame along the most external two ends of pipe axial direction (being length direction) and compress strut bar, be used for being connected to transmit thrust with hydraulic holding fixture, be provided with carrier wheel on the top of main frame and be used for holding V-type crawler belt above being transferred to, be provided with a plurality of stiffness springs in the bottom of main frame, each stiffness spring connects the caterpillar wheel group respectively, by following V-type crawler belt gripping power is passed to pipe.In the middle of actual use, find that the existing tensioner of this kind has the following disadvantages to remain further to be improved:
One, each spring of bonded assembly is common stiffness spring on the main frame, rigidity substantially constant and common amount of compression are bigger, cause draft hitch rigidity excessive, therefore in the middle of the upper and lower caterpillar system when tensioner clamps the operation process that has the anticorrosion coating pipe, as run into when 1 inch to 2 inches anode projection is arranged on the pipe, to cause that pipe is difficult to pass through, perhaps by the time tensile force that provides less than specified value, the crossing ability of draft hitch is bad.The shock absorption of common stiffness spring and resiliency are relatively poor in addition, and vibration and noise are bigger when tensioner is worked.
Two, the tensile force size owing to tensioner can change from 0 to 200T, and the pipe diameter of laying also changes in 12-60 inch scope, and the stiffness spring of existing draft hitch, the rigidity substantially constant, therefore the pipe that be difficult to corresponding different tube diameters size, requires to apply different tensile forces provides the gripping power of respective change, the pipe laying work that can't adapt to different tube diameters, different tensile forces is difficult to satisfy actual needs; Though can be at the requirement of different tube diameters, tensile force, the spring of changing proper stiffness satisfies to be laid different tube diameters, adopts different tensile forces to come the needs of tubing, obviously like this can have the assembly and disassembly problem that wastes time and energy.
Three; because existing tensioner; two compress on the two ends most external end face that strut bar is arranged in the main frame length direction; again because main frame is bigger along the axial direction normal length of pipe; therefore when the main frame outermost end of draft hitch is subjected to compressing the gripping power of strut bar; two spans that compress between the stressed fulcrum of strut bar are bigger; main frame is also big at the deflection of centre portion; on tensioner; following caterpillar system clamps when having the anticorrosion coating pipeline; draft hitch occurs and can not well be evenly distributed on gripping power on the crawler belt through regular meeting under the effect of hydraulic holding fixture; thereby cause tensioner inhomogeneous, cause that the anticorrosion coating of pipe is by the situation of pressure break along the distribution of pressure on the pipe axial direction.
Four, since up and down caterpillar system in fact only be four tangent lines that the V-type crawler belt of caterpillar system up and down contacts with pipeline outer wall for the force surface that compresses of pipe along the extension of tube length direction, bearing surface is very little, unsettled between two tangent lines of the V-type crawler belt of caterpillar system up and down, pipe is at unbalance stress in the radial direction.
The utility model content
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of draft hitch of tensioner crawler system for marine pipe laying barge, crossing ability is good at work to make tensioner, being beneficial to the pipe of outer band anode block and the joint of adapter bonnet passes through easily, and can keep tensile force constant, vibration and noise are little during work; Can well adapt to simultaneously the pipe laying work of various different tube diameters, different tensile forces, commonality is good.
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of draft hitch of tensioner crawler system for marine pipe laying barge, and the gripping power that can make tensioner is on the pipe axial direction and be evenly distributed in the radial direction, effectively avoids damaging the pipe outer anticorrosive coating.
The draft hitch of a kind of tensioner crawler system for marine pipe laying barge that the utility model provides, comprise main frame, be connected compressing strut bar, be connected a plurality of springs of main frame one side and be connected in caterpillar wheel group on each spring, improvements of the present utility model on the main frame: spring adopts variable rate spring.So-called " variable rate spring " is meant the spring that rigidity can change, for rigidity is constant substantially, for example hydraulic spring grease cup, gas spring and hydropneumatic type pneumohydraulic spring all are variable rate springs.
According to such scheme, the utility model is significant with respect to the effect of prior art:
One, the draft hitch in the utility model adopts variable rate spring, and when having foreign matter to pass through in the work, draft hitch has good crossing ability, the pipe of outer band anode block and the joint of adapter bonnet is passed through easily, and can keep tensile force constant; Draft hitch also has good damping noise reduction effect in the course of the work, and draft hitch also can constitute a modular structure, and structural safety is reliable, and installation process is simple, and maintenance is convenient.
Two, the draft hitch in the utility model adopts variable rate spring, the big I of tensile force is regulated by the rigidity that changes spring, for example can be by changing the inflation pressure of hydropneumatic type pneumohydraulic spring pressure accumulator for hydropneumatic type pneumohydraulic spring, change the rigidity of spring, thereby can satisfy the pipelaying requirement of different tube diameters, different tensile forces, and need not to adapt to the requirement of laying different tube diameters, adopting different tensile force tubings as the stiffness spring that must change proper stiffness in the prior art, time saving and energy saving, very easy to use.
One preferred embodiment in, the cross-sectional plane of main frame is a hollow rectangle, be respectively equipped with a rectangle wing plate in the both sides of main frame length direction, a plurality of variable rate springs are connected to phase the same side of each rectangle wing plate, and institute's bonded assembly variable rate spring is symmetrical distribution on two blocks of rectangle wing plates.The draft hitch of rectangle wing plate is established in the main frame of this hollow rectangle and its both sides, helps making thrust to be evenly distributed.
In further improvement project, two directions that compress the vertical main frame length in strut bar edge are located at the position of main frame two ends near the stage casing respectively, and the two end supports bar that has tensioner now is mobile to the inside by outermost end.Such two spans that compress between the strut bar reduce to some extent, when the draft hitch of tensioner crawler system under strained condition, it is more reasonable that support stress point on the main frame is arranged, the main frame distortion is very little, is easy to realize that thrust is evenly distributed on the crawler belt along the pipe axial direction.Simultaneously, each V-type caterpillar block group is respectively equipped with the point of contact cushion at the position, two point of contacts of correspondence contact tube outer wall, be provided with the bight cushion between two point of contact cushions, the bight cushion contacts with the part between position, two point of contacts of tube outer wall.Can make the in the radial direction thrust rectangular distribution of V-type crawler belt like this at pipe.Thereby can guarantee in the tensioner work that pipe axially making progress the thrust rectangular distribution suffered with the footpath, can avoid damaging the pipe outer anticorrosive coating.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the utility model provides a kind of draft hitch of tensioner crawler system for marine pipe laying barge, for ease of understanding, simply introduces earlier tensioner.Tensioner comprises frame 1, is connected the upper and lower caterpillar system that matches 11,12 that is used for clamping tube 2 on the frame 1 and drives upper and lower caterpillar system 11,12 along the frame 1 upper and lower hydraulic holding fixture 10 that moves to compress pipe 2.Upper and lower caterpillar system 11,12 comprises V-type crawler belt 4 respectively, drives the jockey sprocket 41 and the drive sprocket 42 of V-type crawler belt 4, is positioned at V-type crawler belt 4 inside with the draft hitch 3 to its support and transmission thrust, and each V-type crawler belt 4 comprises the V-type caterpillar block group 43 of a plurality of serial connections.Usually make caterpillar system 11 move up and down and give pipe 2 to apply gripping power along frame 1 in the middle of the operation process, following caterpillar system 12 is stationary state to cooperate caterpillar system 11.
First improvement of the present utility model is: the draft hitch 3 of caterpillar system 11,12 up and down, and the draft hitch 3 of existing above caterpillar system 11 is for example describes, and the draft hitch 3 of following caterpillar system 12 no longer describes in detail.
Shown in Fig. 2,3,4, draft hitch 3 comprises:
Main frame 31, main frame 31 select for use high-quality low-alloy structural carbon steel to make, and the cross-sectional plane of main frame 31 is a hollow rectangle;
Both sides at the length direction of main frame 31 are respectively equipped with a rectangle wing plate 32; Below two blocks of rectangle wing plates 32, evenly arrange a plurality of variable rate springs 33, help making thrust even along the axial distribution of pipe 2; Institute's bonded assembly variable rate spring 33 is symmetrical distribution on two blocks of rectangle wing plates 32, and two inclined-plane pressure that are beneficial to V-type crawler belt 4 equate, makes thrust at pipe rectangular distribution upwards directly; Can select hydraulic spring grease cup of the prior art, gas spring and hydropneumatic type pneumohydraulic spring for use at this variable rate spring 33, preferred in the present embodiment hydropneumatic type pneumohydraulic spring (can claim hydro-pneumatic spring);
One group of caterpillar wheel group 34 is installed below each hydropneumatic type pneumohydraulic spring 33, and the caterpillar wheel 341 of caterpillar wheel group 34 evenly is pressed in and is transferred on the following V-type crawler belt 4; In order to make V-type crawler belt 4 hold-down segment stressed evenly, can suitably reduce the diameter of the caterpillar wheel 341 of caterpillar wheel group 34, the quantity of increase caterpillar wheel 341, substantially to guarantee that each chain rail joint 432 (hold-down segment) on each V-type caterpillar block group 43 have a caterpillar wheel 341 (as shown in Figure 6), help making stressed even; Spacing L1 between 2 to 3 caterpillar wheels in each caterpillar wheel group 34 is less than the spacing L2 between each caterpillar wheel group 34, the one, prevent the movement interference of 34 of two caterpillar wheel groups, the 2nd, each caterpillar wheel 341 is pressed on the diverse location of chain rail joint 432 of V-type caterpillar block group 43, make V-type crawler belt 4 stressed more even;
Above each rectangle wing plate 32, install and entrust wheels 35, entrust wheels 35 and comprise carrier wheel wheel carrier 350 that is fixed on the main frame 31 and the carrier wheel 351 that is articulated on the carrier wheel wheel carrier 350, consider that carrier wheel 351 is stressed at work little, the inner structure of carrier wheel 351 can be different from caterpillar wheel 341, each carrier wheel 351 inner heavy-duty bearing that use is as revolving part, can reduce frictional resistance, be beneficial to reduce friction and noise, hold by each carrier wheel 351 and to be transferred to top V-type crawler belt 4, entrust under the situation of requirement satisfied, should not arrange the too much wheels 35 of entrusting, particularly the V-type crawler belt 4 owing to following caterpillar system 12 lands, can make the carrier wheel group only be arranged in the two end portions of corresponding main frame 31, the middle wheels of entrusting save, further loss of weight and saving cost;
Main frame 31 connections compress strut bar 36, compress normally two of strut bars 36, but can select more a plurality of according to the driving cylinder quantity of hydraulic holding fixture 10, two compress strut bar 36 and are connected with hydraulic holding fixture by its bonded assembly connecting panel 361, pass to main frame 31 and further pass to each variable rate spring 33, caterpillar wheel group 34 and be transferred to following V-type crawler belt 4 with the thrust with hydraulic holding fixture.
The utility model is owing to adopted variable rate spring 33, for stiffness spring of the prior art, when foreign matter passes through, draft hitch 3 has good crossing ability, the pipe of outer band anode block and the joint of adapter bonnet are passed through easily, and can keep tensile force constant, also have good damping noise reduction effect; The big I of tensile force is regulated by the rigidity that changes spring simultaneously, thereby can satisfy the pipelaying requirement of different tube diameters, different tensile forces.
Variable rate spring 33 preferably has the spacing percussion mechanism (not shown) that carries, and can prevent the excessive damage spring of instant impact.Scheme for hydropneumatic type pneumohydraulic spring and gas spring, preferred all springs have shared automatic control device and shared loading line as pilot piping, when spring stiffness is excessive, exit by pilot piping, so that the air pressure in the spring is reduced, thereby can reduce spring stiffness; This process can realize by automatic control device, and is in full accord with the rigidity that guarantees each spring.For hydraulic spring grease cup, can come regulating spring rigidity by shared hydraulic tubing, this moment, pilot piping was a hydraulic tubing.
In preferred scheme, make between each caterpillar wheel group 34 and each variable rate spring 33 to flexibly connect, and be each variable rate spring 33 configuration limiting and guiding device.Preferred each variable rate spring 33 flexibly connects by a crank connecting link 5 respectively with each caterpillar wheel group 34, caterpillar wheel group 34 comprises the wheel carrier 343 that has drive-connecting shaft 342,2 to 3 caterpillar wheels 341 are connected on the wheel carrier 343, and each caterpillar wheel 341 comprises central rotating shaft, is placed on the exterior axle sleeve of central rotating shaft and is sheathed on the exterior hub cap (not shown) of axle sleeve.One end of each crank connecting link 5 is articulated on the drive-connecting shaft 342 of a caterpillar wheel group 34, and the other end is articulated in an anchor shaft 344, and this anchor shaft 344 is fixed on the main frame 31.Each limiting and guiding device comprises a stop collar piece 37 that is fixed on the main frame 31 respectively, and stop collar piece 37 is nested with on the spring bar 331 of variable rate spring 33, and spring bar 331 is articulated on the drive-connecting shaft 342 of each caterpillar wheel group 34; Be positioned at each stop collar piece 37 of each limiting and guiding device of each variable rate spring 33 of main frame 31 1 sides in addition, also can replace by a spacing cage plate of single-piece.The articulated flexible connection of this work, on pipe 2 surfaces thicker anode projection is arranged, caterpillar wheel group 34 be subjected to bigger axial force (along pipeline axially) time, flexible connection by crank connecting link 5, can allow caterpillar wheel group 34 rotate an angle, can allow hydropneumatic type pneumohydraulic spring only be subjected to the tension and compression effect and do not produce the moment of flexure effect along its pivotal axis 342; 331 stressed bendings of engagement limits spring bar or bevelled limiting and guiding device again, can guarantee better that 33 of variable rate springs are subjected to the tension and compression effect, be not subjected to a flecition, help reducing the suffered radial component of spring bar 331, reduce wearing and tearing and leakage between variable rate spring 33 in-to-in spring bars 331 and the cylinder barrel, prolong the service life of variable rate spring.At this, the movable connection method between caterpillar wheel group 34 and the variable rate spring 33 is not limited to by crank connecting link and realizes, other for example all can be adopted by realization pivotally attached movable connection methods such as universal couplings, does not limit.In addition; can make captive joint between variable rate spring and the caterpillar wheel group; some guide plates can be set at interval; be used to make variable rate spring along the guide plate up-and-down movement; to protect spring bar to be subjected to less radial component as far as possible; but with respect to being movable connection method between variable rate spring and the caterpillar wheel group; captive joint will exist spring bar to be subject to bending force, easily to cause the wearing and tearing or the leakage of spring inner; do not advocate preferred; for pipe 2 outsides align mutually and not the operation occasion of the excessive projection of tool can consider to adopt, can reduce equipment cost.
As Fig. 3, shown in 5, another important improvement of the present utility model is: two compress strut bar 36 and establish respectively by the position of main frame 31 two ends (face) 311 near stage casing 312 along the direction of vertical main frame 31 length, the two ends that existing tensioner compress strut bar (shown in imaginary line) by the outermost end end face 311 of main frame 31 according to arrow F1, F2 is moving to the center section part displacement, such two spans that compress between the strut bar 36 reduce, when the tensioner crawler system draft hitch under strained condition, it is more reasonable that support stress point on the main frame 31 is arranged, main frame 31 distortion are very little, are easy to realize that thrust is evenly distributed on the crawler belt along the pipe axial direction.As shown in Figure 6, to last, following caterpillar system 11,12 V-type crawler belt 4 has been done further improvement, each V-type caterpillar block group 43 that V-type crawler belt 4 is connected in series mutually comprises V-type caterpillar block 431 and is located at the chain rail joint 432 at V-type caterpillar block 431 two ends, the position, two point of contacts of corresponding contact tube outer wall is connected with a point of contact fixed frame 433 by fastener respectively on two inclined-planes of V-type caterpillar block 431, on two point of contact fixed frames 433, be respectively equipped with point of contact cushion 44, improvement is: be that corner positions connects a bight fixed frame 434 by fastener again between the point of contact fixed frame 433 between two inclined-planes of V-type caterpillar block 431, on bight fixed frame 434, be provided with bight cushion 45, between two point of contact cushions 44, also be provided with bight cushion 45 like this, bight cushion 45 contacts with the part between position, two point of contacts of pipe 2 outer walls, can make the in the radial direction thrust rectangular distribution of V-type crawler belt at pipe 2, thereby guarantee that pipe can effectively avoid damaging the pipe outer anticorrosive coating axially being evenly distributed with the suffered thrust that directly makes progress in the tensioner work.
The above only is the specific embodiment of the present utility model, and when can not limiting the scope that the utility model is implemented with this, any other people replace with any variable rate spring with the stiffness spring of tensioner, all should belong to protection domain of the present utility model.