CN118237341A - Integrated laser cleaning function's laser operation integrated joint under water - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application provides an underwater laser operation integrated joint with integrated laser cleaning function, belonging to the technical field of underwater laser operation equipment, including a drainage hood, a laser cleaning head and a laser operation head, wherein the laser cleaning head and the laser operation head are integrated in the drainage hood; the drainage hood has an air inlet, an air outlet and an open end for facing the surface of the workpiece; the laser cleaning head is located on the moving path of the laser operation head; the air inlet is set eccentrically to the laser path of the laser operation head, the air outlet is set tangentially along the edge of the drainage hood, and the air inlet and the air outlet are distributed along the same spiral path; the high-pressure gas generated by the high-pressure gas source enters the drainage hood through the air inlet to form a spiral airflow, and is discharged from the air outlet. Since the high-pressure gas forms a spiral airflow in the drainage hood, after the pollutants are peeled off from the surface of the workpiece, they follow the spiral airflow under the action of centrifugal force to move toward the outlet tangential to the drainage hood, and move away from the laser path in time to avoid the pollutants from blocking the laser beam.

Description

An integrated underwater laser operation joint with integrated laser cleaning function

Technical Field

The present application belongs to the technical field of underwater laser operation equipment, and more specifically, relates to an underwater laser operation integrated joint with a laser cleaning function.

Background technique

In recent years, as the development of marine resources has moved towards the deep sea, the demand for daily maintenance and emergency repair of marine engineering equipment has further expanded. Offshore engineering and large ships and other equipment are in a cold and humid water environment for a long time, and the high salt content in seawater will cause serious corrosion to the materials. When performing underwater laser operations such as welding, the density of the weld will be destroyed due to the influence of corrosion on the surface of the material, and the porosity of the weld will increase, affecting the performance of the joint. Therefore, the surface of the material needs to be cleaned before performing underwater laser operations such as underwater welding in the ocean.

Underwater laser cleaning technology uses high-energy laser beams to quickly vaporize or peel off pollutants on the surface of materials, thereby achieving high-quality surface cleaning of materials. Most of the existing technologies use underwater laser cleaning equipment to clean the surface of underwater equipment first, and then use underwater laser operation equipment to perform welding and other operations. However, this method separates the cleaning work from the underwater laser operation, has more operation steps, and is less efficient.

Based on the above problems, publication number CN113070572B (publication date: 2022-03-29) discloses an underwater welding device and method, which integrates a laser cleaning head, a laser welding head and a drainage hood into one device to improve efficiency while ensuring the quality of laser operations such as underwater welding. When in use, its exhaust hood can form a local dry space underwater, and the laser cleaning head and the laser welding head can sequentially clean and weld the surface of the material to achieve the operation of cleaning the surface of the material first and then welding. However, this solution also has certain defects. Specifically, during the underwater laser cleaning process, after the contaminants are peeled off from the surface of the material, they will hinder the transmission of the laser beam and cause a decrease in welding quality.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides an underwater laser operation integrated joint with a laser cleaning function. When performing laser operations on equipment in the ocean, surface cleaning and laser welding and other operations can be performed simultaneously, and the stripped pollutants can be discharged in time to avoid obstruction of the laser by the pollutants, thereby ensuring the quality of the laser operation.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present application is: to provide an underwater laser operation integrated joint with a laser cleaning function, comprising a drainage cover, a laser cleaning head and a laser operation head, wherein the laser cleaning head and the laser operation head are integrated in the drainage cover; the drainage cover has an air inlet, an air outlet and an open end facing the workpiece surface, and the air inlet is used to connect a high-pressure air source; the laser cleaning head and the laser operation head are both arranged toward the open end, and the laser cleaning head is located on the moving path of the laser operation head;

The air inlet is arranged toward the laser path eccentric to the laser working head, and the air outlet is arranged tangentially along the edge of the drainage hood. The air inlet and the air outlet are distributed along the same spiral path. The high-pressure gas generated by the high-pressure gas source enters the drainage hood through the air inlet to form a spiral airflow and is discharged from the air outlet.

Optionally, the cross section of the drain cover is circular, the open end is located on the bottom surface of the drain cover, the laser cleaning head and the laser operation head are located on the top surface of the drain cover, and the laser operation head is arranged along the central axis of the drain cover;

Multiple air inlets and outlets are provided. The multiple air inlets are located on the top surface of the drainage cover and distributed around the laser working head. The air outlets are distributed around the side wall of the drainage cover and correspond to the air inlets one by one.

Optionally, the inner side wall of the drainage cover located at the bottom of the air outlet is in an inverted cone shape, and the inner side wall of the drainage cover located at the top of the air outlet is curved toward the air outlet.

Optionally, the laser working head includes a first mounting shell arranged on the drainage cover, the top wall of the first mounting shell is provided with a first QBH joint, a collimating lens and a focusing lens are arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the first mounting shell, and a first light-transmitting mirror is provided on the bottom wall of the first mounting shell to separate the first mounting shell and the inner side of the drainage cover.

Optionally, the first light-transmitting mirror is a lens of equal thickness and is recessed toward the first mounting shell, and the height position of the first light-transmitting mirror is lower than the height position of the air inlet.

Optionally, the laser cleaning head includes a second mounting shell arranged on the drain cover, a second QBH connector is arranged on the top side of the second mounting shell, a reflecting galvanometer opposite to the second QBH connector is arranged in the second mounting shell, the laser led out from the second QBH connector is reflected by the reflecting galvanometer into the open end and forms a linear laser, and a second light-transmitting mirror is arranged on the bottom wall of the second mounting shell to separate the second mounting shell and the inner side of the drain cover.

Optionally, the second light-transmitting mirror is a lens of equal thickness and is inclined, and the height of the second light-transmitting mirror is lower than the height of the air inlet.

Optionally, there are two groups of laser cleaning heads, which are respectively located at the front side and the rear side of the laser path of the laser working head.

Optionally, a flexible sealing member is provided at the edge of the drain cover at the open end, and a zinc block is attached to the outer side wall of the drain cover.

Optionally, a distance sensor and a camera are provided in the drainage cover, and both the distance sensor and the camera are arranged toward the path focus of the laser cleaning head.

The technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

The laser cleaning head and the laser operation head are used to connect the cleaning laser transmitter and the operation laser transmitter respectively, and the air inlet is connected to the high-pressure air source. When in use, the entire device is submerged in water and placed on the surface of the workpiece. The drainage hood is inflated by the high-pressure air source, and the water is discharged from the air outlet to form a local dry space in the drainage hood. Then the cleaning laser and the operation laser are started. Since the laser cleaning head is located on the moving path of the laser operation head, the surface of the workpiece is cleaned first and then the laser operation is performed. The entire device has a compact structure and a small size, which greatly enhances the flexibility of the underwater laser operation process. At the same time, laser cleaning and laser operation can be performed simultaneously, which improves the operation efficiency and reduces the difficulty of the operation.

Since the high-pressure gas forms a spiral airflow in the drainage hood, after the pollutants are peeled off from the surface of the workpiece, they follow the airflow to move toward the tangential outlet of the drainage hood under the action of centrifugal force. The pollutants can move away from the laser path in time, thereby avoiding obstruction of the laser beam and ensuring the quality of laser operations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated joint structure for underwater laser operations with integrated laser cleaning function;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the drainage cover structure.

Icons: 100, workpiece surface; 1, drainage cover; 101, air inlet; 102, air outlet; 103, open end; 104, flexible seal; 105, zinc block; 2, laser cleaning head; 201, first mounting shell; 202, first QBH connector; 203, collimating mirror; 204, focusing mirror; 205, first light-transmitting mirror; 3, laser working head; 301, second mounting shell; 302, second QBH connector; 303, reflective galvanometer; 304, second light-transmitting mirror; 305, reflective mirror; 4, distance sensor; 5, camera.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by this application more clearly understood, this application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not used to limit this application.

It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "set" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Example:

This embodiment provides an underwater laser operation integrated joint with a laser cleaning function, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, including a drainage cover 1, a laser cleaning head 2 and a laser operation head 3, and the laser cleaning head 2 and the laser operation head 3 are integrated in the drainage cover 1 to form a whole. The drainage cover 1 has an air inlet 101, an air outlet 102 and an open end 103 for facing the workpiece surface 100, and the air inlet 101 is used to connect a high-pressure gas source. The laser cleaning head 2 and the laser operation head 3 are both arranged toward the open end 103, and the laser cleaning head 2 is located on the moving path of the laser operation head 3.

When in use, the laser cleaning head 2 and the laser working head 3 are used to connect the cleaning laser emitter and the working laser emitter, respectively. The working laser emitter is selected according to the required laser operation, such as a laser emitter for welding, a laser emitter for cladding, or a laser emitter for additive operation. When in use, the entire device is submerged in seawater and buckled on the workpiece surface 100. The drainage hood 1 is inflated by a high-pressure gas source, and water is discharged from the air outlet 102 to form a local dry space in the drainage hood 1. Then the cleaning laser and the working laser are started. Since the laser cleaning head 2 is located on the moving path of the laser working head 3, the entire device is moved so that the workpiece surface 100 is first cleaned and then the laser operation is performed, and the cleaning and laser operations can be performed simultaneously, which improves the working efficiency and reduces the working difficulty.

On the basis of the above structure, as shown in FIG2 , the air inlet 101 is set eccentrically to the laser path of the laser working head 3. Specifically, the high-pressure gas entering from the air inlet 101 is not directly facing the laser path of the laser working head 3 (the geometric center of the drainage hood 1 shown in FIG2 ), but is offset to the side by a certain distance. The high-pressure gas drives the pollutants cleaned by the laser cleaning head 2 to move, and prevents the pollutants from being directly blown to the laser path of the working laser head. The air outlet 102 is set tangentially along the edge of the drainage hood 1, and the air inlet 101 and the air outlet 102 are distributed along the same spiral path, that is, the two are arranged in the same counterclockwise spiral direction or clockwise spiral direction. The high-pressure gas generated by the high-pressure gas source enters the drainage hood 1 through the air inlet 101 to form a spiral airflow, and is discharged from the air outlet 102. Since the high-pressure gas forms a spiral airflow in the drainage cover 1, after the pollutants are peeled off from the workpiece surface 100, they follow the airflow under the action of centrifugal force to move toward the outlet 102 tangential to the drainage cover 1, and the pollutants can be kept away from the laser path in time, thereby avoiding blocking the laser beam and ensuring the quality of the laser operation. At the same time, compared with first performing underwater laser cleaning and then returning to the starting point to perform underwater laser operation along the original path, this product can reduce the secondary contamination of the workpiece surface 100.

In this embodiment, based on Figures 1 and 2, the cross section of the drain cover 1 is circular, and the open end 103 is located on the bottom surface of the drain cover 1. When in use, the product is vertically immersed in the seawater and placed on the workpiece surface 100. The laser cleaning head 2 and the laser operation head 3 are located on the top surface of the drain cover 1, and the laser operation head 3 is arranged along the central axis of the drain cover 1. There are multiple air inlets 101 and air outlets 102. In this embodiment, there are four air inlets 101 and air outlets 102, respectively. Of course, three or six or other numbers can also be arranged respectively. Multiple air inlets 101 are located on the top surface of the drain cover 1 and are distributed around the laser operation head 3. The air outlets 102 are distributed around the side walls of the drain cover 1 and correspond to the air inlets 101 one by one. When the high-pressure gas enters the drain cover 1, a spiral airflow is formed around the laser path of the laser operation head 3. The laser path of the laser operation head 3 is located at the center of the spiral airflow, so that it is difficult for pollutants to contact the laser path of the laser operation head 3, thereby ensuring the effect of the laser operation. Since the air inlet 101 is located on the top surface of the drainage hood 1, high-pressure gas can enter the drainage hood 1 at a top-down angle and impact the workpiece surface 100, so that the stripped pollutants can splash and the pollutants can enter the spiral airflow more fully.

Preferably, based on what is shown in Figures 1 and 2, the air inlet 101 is inclined and faces the contact point between the laser path of the laser cleaning head 2 and the workpiece surface 100. After the high-pressure gas enters the air inlet 101, it will blow directly onto the surface where the contaminants are peeled off, so that the contaminants can be quickly carried away and move along the spiral airflow, thereby reducing the obstruction of the laser path of the laser cleaning head 2 by the contaminants.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 1 , the side wall of the drain cover 1 at the bottom of the air outlet 102 is in an inverted cone shape. Pollutants can follow the spiral airflow and rise along the inverted cone-shaped side wall of the drain cover 1 to enter the air outlet 102. In order to reduce the pollution of pollutants to the water body, the air outlet 102 will be connected to a filtering device, a pollutant collection device or a negative pressure suction device. Since the docking structure requires a certain space, the air outlet 102 will not be set close to the bottom edge of the drain cover 1, resulting in a dead corner where some pollutants will gather in the drain cover 1. The side wall of the drain cover 1 at the bottom of the air outlet 102 is in an inverted cone shape, which can avoid the above-mentioned dead corner and ensure that all pollutants can be discharged. At the same time, this setting can also ensure that the water in the drain cover 1 is completely discharged under the action of high-pressure gas. Similarly, the inner side wall of the drain cover 1 at the top of the air outlet 102 is curved toward the air outlet 102. Some lighter pollutants may rise to a position higher than the air outlet 102 with the spiral airflow, and these pollutants are attached to the inner wall of the drain cover 1 under the action of centrifugal force. Since the inner side wall of the drainage cover 1 located at the top of the air outlet 102 is curved in an arc shape, these lighter pollutants can slide into the air outlet 102 along the curved inner side wall, thereby ensuring the sewage discharge effect.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1 , the laser operation head 3 includes a first mounting shell 201 disposed on the drain cover 1, and a first QBH connector 202 is disposed on the top wall of the first mounting shell 201. The first QBH connector 202 can be connected to a high-power laser transmitter through an optical fiber or the like to perform laser operation. A collimator 203 and a focusing lens 204 are sequentially disposed from top to bottom in the first mounting shell 201, and a first light-transmitting mirror 205 is disposed on the bottom wall of the first mounting shell 201 to separate the first mounting shell 201 and the inside of the drain cover 1. The first light-transmitting mirror 205 separates the drain cover 1 from the inside of the first mounting shell 201 to prevent moisture, high-pressure gas or pollutants from damaging the components in the first mounting shell 201. After passing through the first QBH connector 202, the laser passes through the collimator 203, the focusing lens 204 and the first light-transmitting mirror 205 in sequence, and finally irradiates the workpiece surface 100 for operation. The focusing mirror 204 can be finely adjusted in vertical position by a cylinder or a thread mechanism to ensure that the focus of the laser is located on the workpiece surface 100 .

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 1 , the first light-transmitting mirror 205 is a lens of equal thickness and is recessed toward the first mounting shell 201, and the height position of the first light-transmitting mirror 205 is lower than the height position of the air inlet 101. When the water in the exhaust hood is discharged by high-pressure gas, some water will hang on the bottom side of the first light-transmitting mirror 205, causing the laser to scatter or refract, affecting the operation accuracy. Therefore, the first light-transmitting mirror 205 is set to be recessed toward the first mounting shell 201, and the residual water after drainage will flow and gather toward the edge of the first light-transmitting mirror 205 under the action of gravity, and the water content in the middle of the first light-transmitting mirror 205 will be reduced, reducing the impact on the laser. Further preferably, a hydrophobic coating can be coated on the lower surface of the first light-transmitting mirror 205 to improve the fluidity of the residual water.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1 , the laser cleaning head 2 includes a second mounting shell 301 disposed on the drain cover 1, and a second QBH connector 302 is disposed on the top side of the second mounting shell 301, and the second QBH connector 302 can be connected to a cleaning laser emitter through an optical fiber or the like. A reflective galvanometer 303 is disposed in the second mounting shell 301 opposite to the second QBH connector 302, and the laser led out from the second QBH connector 302 is reflected by the reflective galvanometer 303 into the open end 103 and forms a linear laser. The specific principle is that the reflective galvanometer 303 itself is provided with a motor (not shown in the figure), and can swing back and forth under the drive of the motor, so that the reflected laser moves linearly on the workpiece surface 100, thereby increasing the area swept by the laser on the workpiece surface 100 and improving the cleaning effect. The bottom wall of the second mounting shell 301 is provided with a second light-transmitting mirror 304 that separates the second mounting shell 301 and the inner side of the drain cover 1. The second light-transmitting mirror 304 separates the drain cover 1 from the interior of the second installation shell 301 to prevent moisture, high-pressure gas or pollutants from damaging the components in the second installation shell 301 .

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 1 , a reflector 305 is further provided in the second mounting shell 301. The reflector 305 guides the cleaning laser reflected by the reflective galvanometer 303 to the workpiece surface 100. The contact point between the cleaning laser and the workpiece surface 100 is close to the contact point between the laser path of the laser operation head 3 and the workpiece surface 100. The cleaning and operation processes can be connected immediately in a short time, reducing the possibility of secondary contamination of the workpiece surface 100 and ensuring the operation quality. The cleaning laser is in a vertical state after passing through the reflective galvanometer 303, and then becomes an inclined state through the reflector 305 and is shot toward the workpiece surface 100. Compared with being directly reflected by the reflective galvanometer 303 to become an inclined state, the width dimension of the second mounting shell 301 can be reduced, and the product structure is more compact.

Preferably, the second light-transmitting mirror 304 is a lens of equal thickness and is inclined, and the height position of the second light-transmitting mirror 304 is lower than the height position of the air inlet 101. Similarly, when the water in the exhaust hood is discharged by high-pressure gas, some water will hang on the bottom side of the second light-transmitting mirror 304, causing the laser to scatter or refract, affecting the operation accuracy. Therefore, the second light-transmitting mirror 304 is set to be inclined, and the residual water after drainage will flow and gather toward the bottom edge of the second light-transmitting mirror 304 under the action of gravity to reduce the impact on the laser. Similarly, a hydrophobic coating can also be applied to the lower surface of the second light-transmitting mirror 304 to improve the fluidity of the residual water.

Further, based on what is shown in FIG1 , optionally, there are two groups of laser cleaning heads 2, and the two groups of laser cleaning heads 2 are respectively located in front and rear of the laser path of the laser operation head 3. This allows the product to be cleaned first by the laser cleaning head 2 and then by the laser operation head 3, whether it moves forward or backward, without the need to change direction, thereby improving the convenience of use. At the same time, the two laser cleaning heads 2 can simultaneously clean the workpiece surface 100 before and after the laser operation, remove the oxide layer and pollutants on the surface of the workpiece surface 100 after the laser operation, and greatly ensure the quality of underwater laser operation.

Further, as shown in FIG1 , a flexible seal 104 is provided at the edge of the open end 103 of the drain cover 1. The flexible seal 104 may be a rubber or graphite seal pad, etc., to reduce the amount of seawater leaking back into the drain cover 1. At the same time, a zinc block 105 is attached to the outer wall of the drain cover 1 to reduce the corrosion of seawater on the drain cover 1. Of course, the zinc block 105 may also be provided on the outer side of the first installation shell 201 or the second installation shell 301.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1 , a distance sensor 4 and a camera 5 are provided in the drain cover 1, and both the distance sensor 4 and the camera 5 are provided toward the path focus of the laser cleaning head 2. The distance sensor 4 and the camera 5 can be fixed to the first mounting shell 201 and the second mounting shell 301 located in the drain cover 1, respectively. The distance sensor 4 can detect the distance between the device and the workpiece surface 100, so as to facilitate the control of the sinking depth. The camera 5 can facilitate the real-time observation of the welding situation, so as to facilitate real-time monitoring.

The method of using the underwater laser operation integrated joint with integrated laser cleaning function mentioned in this embodiment is as follows:

S1: Connect the high-pressure gas source to the gas inlet 101, connect the first QBH connector 202 to the working laser transmitter through optical fiber, connect the second QBH connector 302 to the cleaning laser transmitter through optical fiber, and then install the entire underwater laser operation integrated connector with laser cleaning function on the robot arm;

S2: Control the robot arm to drive the underwater laser operation integrated joint with integrated laser cleaning function to go deep into the sea water, turn on the external high-pressure gas source, and the gas generated by the external high-pressure gas source enters the drainage cover 1 through the air inlet 101, and the water in the drainage cover 1 is discharged through the air outlet 102 and the open end 103. After the drainage is completed, the high-pressure gas source needs to continue to inflate the drainage cover 1 without interruption.

It should be noted that during the exhaust process, the air pressure of the high-pressure air source only needs to be slightly higher than the water pressure in the drain hood 1, preferably 0.5 to 1.2 atmospheres higher than the maximum water pressure value in the drain hood 1, so as to stably discharge the water.

S3: The underwater laser operation integrated equipment with integrated laser cleaning function moves downward, so that the open end 103 is buckled on the surface 100 of the workpiece to be laser operated;

S4: Increase the gas pressure outputted from the high-pressure gas source into the drainage hood 1, preferably to a pressure of 2 to 3 atmospheres higher than the water pressure in the drainage hood 1, so as to form a stable spiral airflow in the drainage hood 1; then turn on the cleaning laser emitter and the operation laser emitter in sequence to start the laser operation process, and the robotic arm drives the entire underwater laser operation integrated joint with laser cleaning function to move along the workpiece surface 100; the pollutants generated by the underwater laser operation are discharged from the air outlet 102 following the spiral airflow.

In order to reduce pollution, a filtering device or a suction device may be connected to the air outlet 102 to collect pollutants.

S5: After the underwater laser operation is completed, turn off the cleaning laser transmitter and the operation laser transmitter, then turn off the high-pressure gas source, and the robotic arm drives the entire underwater laser operation integrated joint with laser cleaning function out of the water.

It should be noted that the underwater laser operations mentioned in this application refer to underwater local dry welding, cladding, additive manufacturing, etc., and do not include underwater laser cleaning.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. An underwater laser operation integrated joint with integrated laser cleaning function, comprising a drainage cover (1), a laser cleaning head (2) and a laser operation head (3), wherein the laser cleaning head (2) and the laser operation head (3) are integrated into the drainage cover (1); the drainage cover (1) has an air inlet (101), an air outlet (102) and an open end (103) for facing a workpiece surface (100), and the air inlet (101) is used to connect a high-pressure air source; the laser cleaning head (2) and the laser operation head (3) are both arranged toward the open end (103), and the laser cleaning head (2) is located on the moving path of the laser operation head (3); The invention is characterized in that: the air inlet (101) is arranged toward a laser path eccentric to the laser working head (3); the air outlet (102) is arranged tangentially along the edge of the drainage cover (1); the air inlet (101) and the air outlet (102) are distributed along the same spiral path; the high-pressure gas generated by the high-pressure gas source enters the drainage cover (1) through the air inlet (101) to form a spiral airflow, and is discharged from the air outlet (102). 2. The underwater laser operation integrated joint with integrated laser cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cross section of the drainage cover (1) is circular, the open end (103) is located on the bottom surface of the drainage cover (1), the laser cleaning head (2) and the laser operation head (3) are located on the top surface of the drainage cover (1), and the laser operation head (3) is arranged along the central axis of the drainage cover (1); A plurality of the air inlets (101) and the air outlets (102) are provided, wherein the plurality of air inlets (101) are located on the top surface of the drainage cover (1) and are distributed around the laser operation head (3), and the air outlets (102) are distributed around the side wall of the drainage cover (1) and correspond one-to-one with the air inlets (101). 3. The underwater laser operation integrated joint with integrated laser cleaning function as described in claim 2 is characterized in that: the inner side wall of the drainage cover (1) located at the bottom of the air outlet (102) is in an inverted cone shape, and the inner side wall of the drainage cover (1) located at the top of the air outlet (102) is curved toward the air outlet (102). 4. The underwater laser operation integrated joint with integrated laser cleaning function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the laser operation head (3) comprises a first mounting shell (201) arranged on the drainage cover (1), the top wall of the first mounting shell (201) is provided with a first QBH joint (202), a collimating mirror (203) and a focusing mirror (204) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the first mounting shell (201), and the bottom wall of the first mounting shell (201) is provided with a first light-transmitting mirror (205) separating the first mounting shell (201) and the inner side of the drainage cover (1). 5. The underwater laser operation integrated joint with integrated laser cleaning function as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the first light-transmitting mirror (205) is a lens of equal thickness and is recessed toward the first mounting shell (201), and the height position of the first light-transmitting mirror (205) is lower than the height position of the air inlet (101). 6. The underwater laser operation integrated joint with integrated laser cleaning function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the laser cleaning head (2) comprises a second mounting shell (301) arranged on the drainage cover (1), a second QBH joint (302) is arranged on the top side of the second mounting shell (301), a reflection galvanometer (303) opposite to the second QBH joint (302) is arranged in the second mounting shell (301), the laser light led out from the second QBH joint (302) is reflected by the reflection galvanometer (303) into the open end (103) and forms a linear laser, and the bottom wall of the second mounting shell (301) is provided with a second light-transmitting mirror (304) separating the second mounting shell (301) and the inner side of the drainage cover (1). 7. The underwater laser operation integrated joint with integrated laser cleaning function as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the second light-transmitting mirror (304) is a lens of equal thickness and is inclined, and the height position of the second light-transmitting mirror (304) is lower than the height position of the air inlet (101). 8. The underwater laser operation integrated joint with integrated laser cleaning function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the laser cleaning head (2) has two groups, and the two groups of laser cleaning heads (2) are respectively located at the front side and the rear side of the laser path of the laser operation head (3). 9. The underwater laser operation integrated joint with integrated laser cleaning function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: a flexible sealing member (104) is provided at the edge of the drainage cover (1) located at the open end (103), and a zinc block (105) is attached to the outer side wall of the drainage cover (1). 10. The underwater laser operation integrated joint with laser cleaning function as described in claim 1 is characterized in that: a distance sensor (4) and a camera (5) are arranged in the drainage cover (1), and the distance sensor (4) and the camera (5) are both arranged toward the path focus of the laser cleaning head (2).