CN115446314B - Preparation device and preparation method of coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material - Google Patents
Preparation device and preparation method of coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation device and a preparation method of a coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material, comprising the following steps: 1) The hollow cylinder is used as a preparation tool, and the lower end of the hollow cylinder is kept at a certain distance from a preparation basal plane; 2) Extruding raw materials into a hole at the upper end of a preparation tool; 3) Setting heating temperature of an energy field heating area; 4) The preparation tool rotates and applies pressure load downwards, high-temperature raw material metal powder is extruded from the lower end of the preparation tool and forms a compact entity under the action of pressure and torque, and the preparation tool translates to finish the preparation of a coarse crystal layer or a fine crystal layer; 5) Adjusting parameters, repeating 2) to 4). According to the preparation method, the metal powder material can be subjected to severe plastic deformation and form a compact entity under the conditions of pressure and torque load of a preparation tool, and meanwhile, dynamic recrystallization can be performed when the temperature is increased, so that quantitative regulation and control of the size of single-layer crystal grains and directional design and preparation of the layered microstructure of the material can be realized, and the performance of the coarse-fine grain composite multi-layer structure material is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material preparation, in particular to a preparation device and a preparation method of a coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material.
Background
In order to improve the toughness of the material and meet the use requirement of special performance, the design and preparation of the metal structural material are developed from the traditional single material microstructure adjustment and tissue uniformity regulation to the multi-scale structural design direction, and various cross-scale structural design systems such as a net shape, double communication, layering, gradient and the like are formed, wherein the layering structure is one of the most typical methods capable of synthesizing the toughness of the material.
The research shows that certain double-peak tissue metal materials with alternately compounded coarse and fine crystal layers can improve the toughness of the material while improving the strength of the material due to interfacial constraint among layers and the synergistic effect of plastic deformation of coarse and fine grains, so that the toughness double increase of the material is realized. The traditional thermal deformation and heat treatment means such as extrusion, rolling and annealing are all integral routes, so that only semi-quantitative regulation and control of the volume fraction of coarse crystals and fine crystals and the grain size of the metal material can be realized, directional design is difficult to realize according to the optimal size and volume fraction of the coarse crystals and the fine crystals, quantitative regulation and control of the distribution state of the coarse crystals and the fine crystals cannot be realized, and the preparation of the coarse-fine crystal multilayer structure of the metal material becomes a bottleneck of the traditional process. From the viewpoint of the preparation process of the layered composite metal material, the preparation of the coarse-fine grain multilayer structure can be realized theoretically by processes such as an explosion compounding method, a rolling compounding method, a diffusion compounding method, a hot-press sintering method and the like on the basis of preparing the coarse-grain and fine-grain plates or foils in advance. But the problems of interlayer cracking of explosion and rolling process, diffusion, difficulty in controlling the interface product and temperature of hot-pressed sintering process, and the like are faced. In recent years, the additive manufacturing process has been applied to the preparation of a multilayer structure due to the advantage of strong designability, but the high-energy beam additive manufacturing process based on laser, electric arc and the like has the defects of overlarge residual stress, incompact structure, coarse grains, segregation and the like due to the transformation from liquid to solid in the preparation process, and the high-quality preparation of the coarse-fine grain multilayer structure cannot be realized. In summary, the existing technology is difficult to realize high-quality preparation of the bimodal tissue multilayer structure with alternately compounded coarse and fine grain layers.
In view of this, the present application has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation device and a preparation method of a material with a coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure, wherein the preparation device and the preparation method are difficult to realize high-quality preparation of the material with the coarse-fine grain layer alternately composite double-peak tissue multilayer structure in the prior art, the metal powder material can be subjected to severe plastic deformation and form a compact entity under the conditions of pressure and torque load of a preparation tool, and meanwhile, dynamic recrystallization can be realized when the temperature is increased, so that the quantitative regulation and control of the size of single-layer grains and the directional design and preparation of the lamellar microstructure of the material can be realized, and the performance of the material with the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure can be improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A preparation device of a coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material comprises a preparation tool, a preparation base surface and a driving structure; the preparation tool is of a hollow cylindrical structure which is vertically arranged, and an energy field heating area is embedded in the lower end of the preparation tool; raw materials with the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure are extruded from the upper end hole of the preparation tool, heated by an energy field heating zone and extruded from the lower end hole; the preparation base surface is horizontally arranged below the bottom end of the preparation tool; the drive mechanism is capable of driving the preparation tool horizontally in rotation, in translation and in downward load along the preparation floor so that the extruded raw material forms a dense crystalline layer on the preparation floor.
According to the preparation device adopted by the invention, metal powder is extruded into a hollow cylinder, is extruded from the bottom end after being heated at a high temperature in an energy field heating zone, and is subjected to severe plastic deformation by combining torsional load generated by rotation of a preparation tool with downward load, so that a compact entity is formed on a preparation base surface, and meanwhile, the high-temperature metal powder is subjected to dynamic recrystallization to obtain a coarse-grain or fine-grain layer with controllable grain size and uniform grain size distribution.
Furthermore, the preparation tool is made of tungsten-based alloy or high-toughness ceramic material, and the preparation base surface is made of steel plane, so that the preparation tool has good high-temperature resistance and wear resistance.
Further, the energy field heating area adopts a laser, electric or magnetic heating mode.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) A tungsten-based alloy or a high-toughness ceramic material is adopted to process a preparation tool with a hollow cylindrical structure, and the lower end of the preparation tool is kept at a certain distance from a steel preparation basal plane;
(2) Extruding and inputting raw material metal powder of the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure from the hole at the upper end of the preparation tool;
(3) Setting heating temperature (not exceeding the melting point temperature of the raw materials) of an energy field heating zone, and heating the extruded raw material metal powder;
(4) The preparation tool rotates and applies pressure load downwards, high-temperature raw material metal powder is extruded from the lower end of the preparation tool and forms a compact entity under the action of pressure and torque, and meanwhile, the preparation tool moves in parallel to finish the preparation of a coarse crystal layer or a fine crystal layer;
(5) And (3) adjusting technological parameters, and repeating the steps (2) - (4) until the preparation of the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material with the target thickness is completed.
According to the preparation method, the hollow cylindrical structure is utilized to realize the conveying and heating of the metal powder, and the heated high-temperature metal powder is subjected to torsional load generated by the rotation of the preparation tool and simultaneously subjected to downward vertical load of the preparation tool at the moment when the heated high-temperature metal powder is extruded onto the preparation base surface; under the combined action of torsion and vertical load, the preparation tool can perform extrusion grinding on the metal powder, so that the high-temperature metal powder is subjected to severe plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization, a compact crystallization entity is formed, and finally, a continuous crystallization layer is continuously formed on a preparation basal plane along with parallel movement of the preparation tool, so that the preparation of a layer of material is completed; according to the invention, parameters such as heating temperature of an energy field heating area, rotation speed of a preparation tool, downward load applied by the preparation tool and the like are changed, so that the size and uniformity of the formed crystal grain size can be controlled, the preparation of the material with the coarse crystal layer and fine crystal layer alternately composite multilayer structure is realized, the prepared material with the coarse and fine crystal multilayer structure has the advantages of small residual stress, compact structure, quantitative regulation and control of the crystal grain size, difficult interlayer cracking and great improvement of material performance.
Further, in the step (1), the distance between the lower end of the preparation tool and the preparation base surface is 0-0.5 mm, and the specific distance is selected according to the thickness of the coarse crystal layer or the fine crystal layer.
Further, the heating temperature of the energy field heating area is room temperature to 1200 ℃, the rotation speed of the preparation tool is 150 to 800rpm, the translation speed is 300 to 600mm/min, and the downward pressure load applied by the preparation tool is 5 to 30kN.
The parameters are actually selected according to the material components to be prepared, the grain size of the coarse crystal layer or the fine crystal layer to be prepared, and the like.
When the load is larger and the temperature is lower, the deformation energy storage of the material is higher, the quantity of recrystallized nucleation is large, and the growth of recrystallized grains after nucleation is not obvious due to the lower temperature, so that a fine-grain layer can be obtained; when the load is lower and the temperature is higher, the deformation energy storage is smaller, the number of recrystallized nucleation is smaller, and the growth of recrystallized grains is obvious after nucleation at the higher temperature, so that a coarse-grain layer can be obtained.
Furthermore, argon is blown into the preparation area and the energy field heating area between the lower end of the preparation tool and the preparation basal plane in the whole process, so that the oxidation of high-temperature metal powder can be prevented.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. According to the preparation device and the preparation method of the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material, provided by the embodiment of the invention, under the combined action of torsion and vertical load, the preparation tool can perform extrusion grinding on metal powder, so that high-temperature metal powder is subjected to severe plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization, a compact crystallization entity is formed, and finally, a continuous crystallization layer is formed on a preparation base surface along with parallel movement of the preparation tool, so that a coarse-grain or fine-grain layer with controllable grain size and uniform grain size distribution is obtained;
2. According to the preparation device and the preparation method of the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the size and uniformity of the formed grain size can be controlled by changing the heating temperature of the energy field heating zone, the rotation speed of the preparation tool, the downward load applied by the preparation tool and other parameters, so that the preparation of the coarse-grain layer and fine-grain layer alternating composite multilayer structure material is realized;
3. according to the preparation device and the preparation method of the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the prepared coarse-fine grain multilayer structure material has the advantages of small residual stress, compact structure, quantitatively adjustable grain size, difficulty in cracking between layers and great improvement on material performance;
4. according to the preparation device and the preparation method of the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the metal powder is extruded into the hollow cylindrical structure for feeding, so that the continuous feeding of raw materials can be realized;
5. compared with a corner extrusion method, the corner extrusion method has a limit on the volume of a prepared blank, and the preparation device and the preparation method can be used for preparing a large-volume blank and can quantitatively control each layer of grain structure;
6. Compared with a hot-press sintering method, the preparation device and the preparation method of the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages that the grains generated by the hot-press sintering method are coarse and difficult to form fine grains with smaller sizes, the material is subjected to severe plastic deformation at high temperature, the grain size of a fine grain layer is smaller than 5 mu m and even submicron, and the grain size of each layer can be regulated and controlled through technological parameters.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the examples will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the preparation of a coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic representation of a coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material prepared by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that: no such specific details are necessary to practice the invention. In other instances, well-known structures have not been described in detail in order to not obscure the invention.
Throughout the specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," or "an example" mean: a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included within at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an example," or "in an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and that the illustrations are not necessarily drawn to scale. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for preparing a coarse-fine grain composite multi-layer structural material, including a preparation tool, a preparation base surface, and a driving structure; the preparation tool is of a hollow cylindrical structure which is vertically arranged, and an energy field heating area is embedded in the lower end of the preparation tool; raw materials with the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure are extruded from the upper end hole of the preparation tool, heated by an energy field heating zone and extruded from the lower end hole; the preparation base surface is horizontally arranged below the bottom end of the preparation tool; the drive mechanism is capable of driving the preparation tool horizontally in rotation, in translation and in downward load along the preparation floor so that the extruded raw material forms a dense crystalline layer on the preparation floor.
According to the preparation device adopted by the invention, metal powder is extruded into a hollow cylinder, is extruded from the bottom end after being heated at a high temperature in an energy field heating zone, and is subjected to severe plastic deformation by combining torsional load generated by rotation of a preparation tool with downward load, so that a compact entity is formed on a preparation base surface, and meanwhile, the high-temperature metal powder is subjected to dynamic recrystallization to obtain a coarse-grain or fine-grain layer with controllable grain size and uniform grain size distribution.
Furthermore, the preparation tool is made of tungsten-based alloy or high-toughness ceramic material, and the preparation base surface is made of steel plane, so that the preparation tool has good high-temperature resistance and wear resistance.
Further, the energy field heating area adopts a laser, electric or magnetic heating mode.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) A tungsten-based alloy or a high-toughness ceramic material is adopted to process a preparation tool with a hollow cylindrical structure, and the lower end of the preparation tool is kept at a certain distance from a steel preparation basal plane;
(2) Extruding and inputting raw material metal powder of the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure from the hole at the upper end of the preparation tool;
(3) Setting heating temperature of an energy field heating zone, and heating extruded raw material metal powder;
(4) The preparation tool rotates and applies pressure load downwards, high-temperature raw material metal powder is extruded from the lower end of the preparation tool and forms a compact entity under the action of pressure and torque, and meanwhile, the preparation tool moves in parallel to finish the preparation of a coarse crystal layer or a fine crystal layer;
(5) And (3) adjusting technological parameters, and repeating the steps (2) - (4) until the preparation of the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material with the target thickness is completed.
According to the preparation method, the hollow cylindrical structure is utilized to realize the conveying and heating of the metal powder, and the heated high-temperature metal powder is subjected to torsional load generated by the rotation of the preparation tool and simultaneously subjected to downward vertical load of the preparation tool at the moment when the heated high-temperature metal powder is extruded onto the preparation base surface; under the combined action of torsion and vertical load, the preparation tool can perform extrusion grinding on the metal powder, so that the high-temperature metal powder is subjected to severe plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization, a compact crystallization entity is formed, and finally, a continuous crystallization layer is continuously formed on a preparation basal plane along with parallel movement of the preparation tool, so that the preparation of a layer of material is completed; according to the invention, parameters such as heating temperature of an energy field heating area, rotation speed of a preparation tool, downward load applied by the preparation tool and the like are changed, so that the size and uniformity of the formed crystal grain size can be controlled, the preparation of the material with the coarse crystal layer and fine crystal layer alternately composite multilayer structure is realized, the prepared material with the coarse and fine crystal multilayer structure has the advantages of small residual stress, compact structure, quantitative regulation and control of the crystal grain size, difficult interlayer cracking and great improvement of material performance.
Example 3
The preparation method of the stainless steel coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Selecting a tungsten-based alloy to be processed into a hollow cylinder preparation tool, wherein the lower end of the hollow cylinder preparation tool is kept at a distance of 0.1mm from a steel preparation basal plane;
(2) Adopting 420 stainless steel powder as a preparation raw material, and extruding and inputting the 420 stainless steel powder from an upper end hole of a preparation tool at a rate of 400-800 cm < 3 >/h under the action of extrusion force, wherein the grain size of the steel powder is 200 mu m plus or minus 50 mu m, and the sphericity is more than 95%;
(3) Electromagnetic induction heating is adopted as an energy field heating source, and argon is blown into a heating area;
(4) Setting the temperature of an energy field heating area to 800 ℃;
(5) The preparation tool rotates and applies a downward pressure load while moving in parallel: the rotating speed is 500rpm, the pressure is 20kN, the high-temperature raw materials are extruded from the lower end of the preparation tool and form a compact entity under the action of pressure and torque at the speed of 300-600 mm/min for a certain distance, and the preparation of a layer of fine crystal layer material is completed;
(6) Lifting the preparation tool vertically upward a small distance;
(7) The temperature of an energy field heating area is adjusted to 1000 ℃, meanwhile, the rotation speed of a preparation tool is adjusted to 200rpm, the pressure is adjusted to 7.5kN, the same distance is moved reversely at a certain speed, high-temperature raw materials are extruded from the lower end of the preparation tool, a compact entity is formed under the action of pressure and torque, and the preparation of a layer of coarse crystal layer material is completed;
(8) And (3) repeating the steps (4) - (7), and realizing continuous and uninterrupted alternate preparation of the coarse and fine crystal layers until the thickness of the multi-layer structure material reaches a set value.
As shown in FIG. 2, the 420 stainless steel coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material with the thickness of 600-1000 μm prepared in the embodiment has the grain size of the fine grain layer of 1-5 μm, the grain size of the coarse grain layer of more than 20 μm, the distribution of the whole grains is uniform, and the tissue structure is compact. The residual stress of the prepared material is less than 150MPa through an X-ray diffraction test, the interlayer binding force reaches the matrix level, the tensile strength of the prepared coarse-fine grain multilayer structure pattern is 638MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 26.8% and is higher than the forging level.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material is characterized in that the preparation device comprises a preparation tool, a preparation base surface and a driving structure;
The preparation tool is of a hollow cylindrical structure which is vertically arranged, and an energy field heating area is embedded in the lower end of the preparation tool; raw materials with the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure are extruded from the upper end hole of the preparation tool, heated by an energy field heating zone and extruded from the lower end hole;
The preparation base surface is horizontally arranged below the bottom end of the preparation tool;
The driving structure can drive the preparation tool to horizontally rotate, translate and apply downward load along the preparation base surface so as to enable the extruded raw material to form a compact crystallization layer on the preparation base surface;
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) A tungsten-based alloy or a high-toughness ceramic material is adopted to process a preparation tool with a hollow cylindrical structure, and the lower end of the preparation tool is kept at a certain distance from a steel preparation basal plane;
(2) Extruding 420 stainless steel powder from the hole at the upper end of the preparation tool;
(3) Setting the heating temperature of an energy field heating zone to 800 ℃, and heating the extruded raw material metal powder;
(4) The preparation tool rotates and applies a downward pressure load while moving in parallel: the rotating speed is 500rpm, the pressure is 20kN, the high-temperature raw materials are extruded from the lower end of the preparation tool and form a compact entity under the action of pressure and torque at the speed of 300-600 mm/min for a certain distance, and the preparation of a layer of fine crystal layer material is completed;
(5) Lifting the preparation tool vertically upwards for a distance;
(6) The temperature of an energy field heating area is adjusted to 1000 ℃, meanwhile, the rotation speed of a preparation tool is adjusted to 200rpm, the pressure is adjusted to 7.5kN, the same distance is moved reversely at a certain speed, high-temperature raw materials are extruded from the lower end of the preparation tool, a compact entity is formed under the action of pressure and torque, and the preparation of a layer of coarse crystal layer material is completed;
(7) Repeating the steps (3) - (6) until the preparation of the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material with the target thickness is completed.
2. The method for preparing the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material according to claim 1, wherein the preparation tool is made of tungsten-based alloy or high-toughness ceramic material.
3. The method for preparing a coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material according to claim 1, wherein the preparation base surface is a steel plane.
4. The method for preparing the coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material according to claim 1, wherein the energy field heating area adopts a laser, electric or magnetic heating mode.
5. The method for producing a coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the lower end of the production tool and the production base surface in the step (1) is 0 to 0.5mm.
6. The method for preparing a coarse-fine grain composite multilayer structure material according to claim 1, wherein argon is blown into a preparation area and an energy field heating area between the lower end of the preparation tool and the preparation base surface in the whole process.
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| Title |
|---|
| 基于搅拌摩擦的金属固相增材制造研究进展;石磊等;《材料工程》;第第50卷卷(第第1期期);第1-14页 * |
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| CN115446314A (en) | 2022-12-09 |
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