CN115096783A - Device and method for testing permeability of panel under multi-factor coupling effect - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete permeability testing, and particularly provides a device and a method for testing the permeability of a panel under the multi-factor coupling effect, wherein the device comprises a concrete panel test piece, a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device, a vacuum water saturation machine, a panel test piece resistance testing device, a low-temperature test box, a constant-temperature water bath and a constant-temperature salt solution tank; the invention solves the problem that the permeability of the concrete panel under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freezing and thawing and accelerated corrosion cannot be accurately tested in the prior art, realizes the nondestructive testing of the permeability of the concrete panel under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freezing and thawing and accelerated corrosion, and has simple, convenient and quick operation.

Description

A device and method for testing the permeability of panels under the action of multi-factor coupling

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete permeability testing, and in particular relates to a device and method for testing the permeability of a panel under the action of multi-factor coupling.

Background technique

There are more and more extra-high dam projects in my country, such as Shuibuya Dam (dam height 233m), Yulong Kashi Water Control Project (dam height 229.5m), Dashixia Water Control Project (dam height 247m), and Lianghekou Dam (dam height 295m) ) and so on. The face plate is the main anti-seepage body of the face rockfill dam, and its permeability involves the safety of the anti-seepage system. Under the actual service conditions, the development and change of the anti-seepage performance of the panel will threaten the safety and stability of the dam when it fails to meet the design requirements. Therefore, it is very important to accurately test and evaluate the impermeability of concrete panels under actual service conditions. At present, the hydraulic method and chloride ion penetration method are mainly used to evaluate the permeability of concrete in my country. Under actual service conditions, the concrete panels near the abutments and the peripheral joints of the bank slope of high-face dams are often subjected to flexural and tensile stress, which can easily lead to cracks on the surface and interior of the concrete panels, thereby seriously reducing the impermeability of the panels. Under complex environmental conditions, in addition to the bending and tensile stress of the above-mentioned area panels, there is also the coupling effect of environmental conditions. For example, in cold regions or high-altitude areas where the water level fluctuates, the face concrete is immersed in water when the water level in the reservoir area rises during the wet season, and is subjected to the coupling effect of bending and tensile stress and dissolution; When the panel concrete is exposed to the air, it is subjected to the coupling effect of bending and tensile stress and freezing and thawing. The two coupling effects are alternately carried out, resulting in serious damage to the panel concrete in cold or high-altitude areas where the water level fluctuates. Therefore, it is very important to find out the influence law of multi-factor coupling effects on the impermeability of face slabs under complex conditions in cold regions, for objectively evaluating the impermeability performance of face slabs and the safety and stability of face slab dams under actual service conditions. Accurately testing the permeability of concrete slabs under the coupling action of bending and tensile stress, freeze-thaw and dissolution is the premise and basis for obtaining the influence of multi-factor coupling on the impermeability of slabs. Up to now, the test device and method for testing the permeability of concrete panels under the coupling action of bending-tensile stress, freeze-thaw and accelerated dissolution have not been reported.

The Chinese patent document with publication number CN113310878A and publication date of August 27, 2021 discloses a concrete permeability testing device, including a test bench, a detachable mold set on the test bench, and a For the pressurized liquid pipeline, the position corresponding to the pressurized liquid pipeline on the test bench is provided with a liquid inlet hole, and the pressurized liquid leading to the liquid inlet hole from the pressurized liquid pipeline is contrast liquid. This document also discloses a concrete permeability testing method, which uses a concrete permeability testing device for testing. After the test is completed, the imaging equipment is used to scan the sample vertically step by step to obtain concrete pore permeability imaging data, which is suitable for all concrete permeability test. This literature cannot accurately test the permeability of concrete panels under the coupling effects of bending-tensile stress, freeze-thaw and accelerated dissolution.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The device and method for testing the permeability of a panel under the coupling action of multiple factors provided by the present invention aims to overcome the problem that the prior art cannot accurately test the permeability of the concrete panel under the coupling action of bending and tensile stress, freeze-thaw and accelerated dissolution.

To this end, the present invention provides a device for testing the permeability of a panel under the action of multi-factor coupling, including a bending-pull loading device for a panel specimen, a vacuum water saturation machine, a resistance testing device for the panel specimen, a low temperature test chamber, a constant temperature water bath and Constant temperature salt solution tank;

The panel specimen bending-tension loading device is used to apply bending-tension load to the concrete panel specimen;

The vacuum water saturation machine is used for vacuum saturation of concrete panel specimens;

The panel specimen resistance test device is used to test the resistance of concrete panel specimens without or with applied bending and tensile loads;

The low-temperature test chamber is used to freeze the concrete panel specimens that are not applied or applied with bending and tensile loads;

The constant temperature water bath is used for thawed and frozen concrete panel specimens without or with applied bending and tensile loads;

The constant temperature salt solution bath is used to dissolve and melt the concrete panel specimens that have not applied or applied flexural and tensile loads.

Preferably, the panel specimen bending-tension loading device includes a loading device and a stress testing device, the loading device includes a reaction force frame, a mechanical jack and an upper pressure plate, the stress testing device includes a load sensor, a strain gauge, a thermometer and a data acquisition device, and the reverse The frame body of the force frame is connected to the mechanical jack, the load sensor and the upper pressure plate in sequence from top to bottom, the strain gauge and the thermometer are connected to the reaction frame, and the load sensor, the strain gauge and the thermometer are all electrically connected to the data acquisition device.

Preferably, the reaction force frame includes an upper horizontal frame, a first vertical frame, a second vertical frame, a third vertical frame, a fourth vertical frame and a lower horizontal frame, and the upper horizontal frame and the lower horizontal frame are laterally symmetrical from top to bottom The front left end of the upper horizontal frame is connected to the front left end of the lower horizontal frame through a first vertical bracket, the front right end of the upper horizontal frame is connected to the front right end of the lower horizontal frame through a second vertical bracket, and the rear left end of the upper horizontal frame is connected to the lower horizontal frame through a third vertical bracket. The rear left end and the rear right end of the upper horizontal frame are connected to the rear right end of the lower horizontal frame through a fourth vertical bracket.

Preferably, the upper platen further includes two first support rollers, and the reaction force frame further includes two second support rollers. The roller is longitudinally connected between the first vertical support and the third vertical support, and the other second support roller is longitudinally connected between the second vertical support and the fourth vertical support, and the two second support rollers are left and right symmetrical, and the two first support rollers The support rollers are located above the 2 second support rollers.

Preferably, the panel test piece resistance testing device includes a positive test tank, a negative test tank and an AC digital bridge, and the AC digital bridge is electrically connected to the positive test tank and the negative test tank respectively.

Preferably, the positive test tank includes a first test tank, a first copper electrode mesh plate, a first sealing gasket and a first sealant, and a hole 1 is horizontally opened in the middle of one side of the first test tank from the outside to the inside. The sealing gasket and the first copper electrode mesh plate are sleeved in hole 1 from the outside to the inside, the positive test groove is provided with a first liquid injection hole and a first terminal post, and the first liquid injection hole passes through the upper part of the first test groove in sequence. The upper part of the first sealing washer and the first liquid injection hole are connected to the first copper electrode mesh plate, and the lower end of the first terminal passes through the upper part of the first test groove and the upper part of the first sealing washer and the lower end of the first terminal in turn. The first copper electrode mesh plate is connected, the upper end of the first connecting post goes out of the first test tank, the first liquid injection hole is injected with salt solution, and the first connecting post is electrically connected to the AC digital bridge.

Preferably, the vacuum-saturated water machine comprises a casing, a vacuum-saturated water cylinder, a power supply, an air pumping device, a water inlet and a drainage device, a cylinder cover and an exhaust part, the cylinder cover is connected to the top of the vacuum-saturated water cylinder, the vacuum-saturated water cylinder, the power supply and the The air extraction device is connected to the shell, and the power supply and air extraction device are located outside the cylinder of the vacuum saturated cylinder. The power supply is electrically connected to the air extraction device. The lower end of the air extraction device goes out of the casing.

Preferably, an outer cover is connected to the outside of the constant temperature water bath and the constant temperature salt solution tank.

Preferably, the outer cover is provided with lead holes.

A test method based on the device for testing the permeability of panels under the action of multi-factor coupling, comprising the following steps:

1) Select concrete panels of various mix ratios, and use the same process to make concrete panel specimens and concrete round table specimens from each of the concrete panels of various mix ratios, and then use the same process to make concrete panels of each mix ratio. The panel specimens and the concrete round table specimens are cured to the required age, and the resistance of the concrete panel specimens of each mix ratio after curing and the permeability coefficient of the concrete round table specimens are tested. The relationship curve of permeability coefficient; when testing the resistance of concrete panel specimens of each mix ratio after curing, a panel specimen resistance testing device is used, and a vacuum water saturation machine is used to perform vacuum saturation on the cured concrete panel specimens before the test;

2) According to the mix ratio of the concrete panels to be tested, the concrete panel specimens to be tested are made and cured to the required age, and the cured concrete panel specimens to be tested are subjected to vacuum saturation with a vacuum water-saturating machine; The flexural-tensile loading device of the panel specimen applies flexural-tensile load to the concrete panel specimen to be tested after being saturated with vacuum; while applying the flexural-tensile load, the concrete panel specimen to be tested and the flexural-tensile loading device of the panel specimen are placed together Freeze in a low-temperature test chamber; take out the frozen concrete panel specimen to be tested and its bending-tension loading device together and place it in a constant temperature water bath for thawing; repeat the above freezing and thawing process to the design value, Take out the concrete panel specimen to be tested and its bending-tension loading device together and place it in a constant temperature salt solution tank for dissolution. When the dissolution time reaches the design value, take out the concrete panel specimen to be tested and its panel test specimen together. A bending-tension loading device is installed, and a positive test slot and a negative test slot are installed at both ends of the concrete panel specimen, and the panel specimen resistance test device is used to test the resistance of the concrete panel specimen to be tested under the bending and pulling load;

3) According to the relationship curve between the resistance and permeability coefficient of the concrete panel specimen established in step 1), and the resistance of the concrete panel specimen to be tested in step 2), the penetration of the concrete panel specimen under the coupling action of bending-tension load, freeze-thaw and dissolution is obtained. coefficient.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. The device for testing the permeability of panels under the action of multi-factor coupling provided by the present invention includes concrete panel specimens, including panel specimen bending and tension loading devices, vacuum saturating machines, panel specimen resistance testing devices, and low temperature test chambers. , constant temperature water bath and constant temperature salt solution tank; panel specimen bending and tension loading device is used to apply bending tension load to concrete panel specimen; vacuum water saturation machine is used to vacuum saturated concrete panel specimen; panel specimen resistance test The device is used to test the resistance of concrete panel specimens with no or applied bending and tensile load; the low temperature test chamber is used to freeze the concrete panel specimens with no applied or applied bending and tensile load; Concrete panel specimens with flexural and tensile loads applied; constant temperature salt solution bath is used to dissolve and melted concrete panel specimens without or with flexural and tensile loads applied. It realizes the non-destructive testing of the permeability of concrete panels under the coupling action of bending-tensile stress, freeze-thaw and accelerated dissolution, and the operation is simple, convenient and fast; it can realize high stress levels, freeze-thaw cycles and salt solution immersion and dissolution conditions, the concrete panel test. The bending and tensile stress of the parts is stable for a long time, so the influence of high-level bending and tension stress, freeze-thaw and accelerated dissolution long-term coupling effect on the permeability of the concrete panel can be observed.

2. The device provided by the present invention for testing the permeability of the panel under the action of multi-factor coupling, the panel specimen bending and pulling loading device includes a loading device and a stress testing device, and four-point bending loading is performed on the concrete panel specimen through a mechanical jack, so that the The concrete panel specimen is subjected to a uniform bending moment to simulate the bending and tensile stress of the panel under actual service conditions. By adjusting the magnitude of the pressure exerted by the mechanical jack, the bending and tensile stress value of the concrete panel specimen is changed. The loading device has high loading accuracy. , the load can be kept stable for a long time, and different levels of bending and tensile stress can be applied to the concrete panel specimens stably; the stress testing device can test the pressure exerted by the mechanical jack and the bending and tensile deformation of the concrete panel specimens in real time, and can verify the concrete panel test specimens in real time. The size and stability of the flexural and tensile stress of the concrete panel specimen can be adjusted arbitrarily within the allowable range of flexural and tensile strength of the concrete panel, so as to realize the test of the permeability of the concrete panel under different flexural and tensile stress levels.

3. The method for testing the permeability of a panel under the action of multi-factor coupling provided by the present invention is based on the relationship curve between the resistance and permeability coefficient of the concrete panel specimen established in step 1), and the resistance of the concrete panel specimen to be tested in step 2), Obtain the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel specimen under the coupling action of bending-tension load, freeze-thaw and dissolution. It can realize the permeability test of concrete panels under the coupling action of flexural-tensile stress, freeze-thaw and accelerated dissolution, so as to more objectively and accurately evaluate the flexural-tensile stress, freeze-thaw and dissolution of panels in areas with water level fluctuations under actual service conditions in alpine areas or high-altitude areas On the one hand, the permeability under the coupling action can accurately evaluate the evolution law of the permeability of the concrete slab in the water level change area in the alpine and high-altitude areas, so as to realize the accurate grasp of the safety of the anti-seepage system of the face dam under complex conditions and the timely early warning of the risk. On the other hand, the influence and influence law of bending-tensile stress, freeze-thaw and dissolution coupling on the permeability of concrete panels under complex conditions can be obtained, so as to guide the optimal design of concrete panels under complex conditions in alpine and high-altitude areas.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is the left side view of the structure of the bending-tension loading device for the panel specimen;

Fig. 2 is the structural front view of the bending-tension loading device of the panel specimen;

Figure 3 is a graph showing the stability of the stress of the loading device over time under the action of bending and tensile stress;

Fig. 4 is the top view of the structure of the vacuum water saturated machine;

Fig. 5 is the structural front view of the vacuum saturated machine;

6 is a top view of the structure of the panel test piece resistance testing device;

7 is a top view of the structure of a positive test tank;

8 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid injection hole of the positive plate;

Figure 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the resistance and the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel specimen;

Figure 10 is the test diagram of the resistance of the concrete panel specimen under the action of flexural and tensile stress;

Fig. 11 Axonometric view of flexural-tensile stress and freezing coupling test of concrete panel specimen;

Figure 12. Axonometric view of the coupling test of flexural tensile stress and melting of concrete panel specimens;

Figure 13. Curve diagram of force value and temperature under the coupled action of bending-tensile stress and freeze-thaw;

Fig. 14 Axonometric view of coupled test of flexural tensile stress and accelerated dissolution of concrete panel specimens.

Description of reference numerals: 1. Reaction frame; 2. Mechanical jack; 3. Load sensor; 4. Upper pressing plate; 5. Concrete panel specimen; 6. First support roller; 7. Second support roller; Test tank; 9. Exhaust parts; 10. Barometer; 11. Strain gauge and thermometer; 12. Housing; 13. Vacuum saturated cylinder; 14. Power supply; 15. Air extraction device; 16. Negative test tank; 17. Inlet and drainage device; 18, cylinder cover; 19, low temperature test box; 20, constant temperature water bath; 21, constant temperature salt solution tank; 1-1, upper horizontal frame; 1-2, first vertical support; 1-3, first vertical support Two vertical brackets; 1-4, the third vertical bracket; 1-5, the fourth vertical bracket; 1-6, the lower horizontal frame; 1-7, the boss; 1-11, the first upper horizontal plate; 1-12 , the second upper cross plate; 1-13, the first rib; 1-61, the first lower cross plate; 1-62, the second rib; 8-1, the first test slot; 8-2, the first Copper electrode mesh plate; 8-3, the first sealing gasket; 8-4, the first sealant; 8-5, the hole one; 8-6, the first liquid injection hole; 8-7, the first terminal; 13 -1, the first gasket; 16-1, the second test tank; 16-2, the second copper electrode mesh plate; 16-3, the second gasket; 16-4, the second sealant; 16-5, Hole two; 16-6, the second injection hole; 16-7, the second terminal; 13-1, the first gasket.

Detailed ways

Example 1:

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 10-Figure 14, a device for testing the permeability of panels under the action of multi-factor coupling includes a bending and tension loading device for panel specimens, a vacuum water saturation machine, a resistance testing device for panel specimens, Low temperature test chamber 19, constant temperature water bath 20 and constant temperature salt solution tank 21;

The panel specimen bending-tension loading device is used to apply bending-tension load to the concrete panel specimen 5;

The vacuum water saturation machine is used to vacuum water the concrete panel specimen 5;

The panel specimen resistance testing device is used to test the resistance of the concrete panel specimen 5 with no or applied bending and tensile load;

The low-temperature test chamber 19 is used to freeze the concrete panel specimen 5 that is not applied or applied with bending and tensile load;

The constant temperature water bath 20 is used for thawing and freezing the concrete panel specimens 5 that have not been applied or applied with bending and tensile loads;

The constant temperature salt solution tank 21 is used for dissolving and melting the concrete panel specimen 5 that is not applied or applied with bending and tensile load.

It realizes the non-destructive testing of the permeability of concrete panels under the coupling action of bending-tensile stress, freeze-thaw and accelerated dissolution, and the operation is simple, convenient and fast; it can realize high stress levels, freeze-thaw cycles and salt solution immersion and dissolution conditions, the concrete panel test. The bending and tensile stress of the parts is stable for a long time, so the influence of high-level bending and tension stress, freeze-thaw and accelerated dissolution long-term coupling effect on the permeability of the concrete panel can be observed.

Embodiment 2:

On the basis of Example 1, the panel specimen bending-tension loading device includes a loading device and a stress testing device, the loading device includes a reaction force frame 1, a mechanical jack 2 and an upper pressure plate 4, and the stress testing device includes a load sensor 3, a strain gauge Gauge and thermometer 11 and data acquisition device, the frame body of reaction force frame 1 is connected to mechanical jack 2, load sensor 3 and upper pressure plate 4 in sequence from top to bottom, strain gauge and thermometer 11 are connected to reaction force frame 1, load sensor 3, Both the strain gauge and the thermometer 11 are electrically connected to the data acquisition device.

When in use, place the concrete panel specimen 5 on the reaction force frame 1, remove the strain gauge and thermometer 11 from the frame body of the reaction force frame 1, and connect the strain gauge and thermometer 11 to the bottom of the concrete panel specimen 5. , Load the concrete panel specimen 5 through the mechanical jack, so that the concrete panel specimen 5 is subjected to a uniform bending moment, simulate the bending and tensile stress of the concrete panel under actual service conditions, and change the concrete panel by adjusting the pressure exerted by the mechanical jack. The bending and tensile stress value of the specimen 5, the loading device has high loading accuracy, the load can be kept stable for a long time, and can realize the stable application of different levels of bending and tensile stress to the concrete panel specimen 5; The meter and thermometer 11 collects the bending and tensile stress, strain data and temperature data of the concrete panel specimen 5 in real time, and transmits the collected data to the data collection device in real time, adjusts the applied pressure of the mechanical jack according to the collected data, and tests the applied pressure of the mechanical jack in real time. The pressure of the concrete panel specimen 5 and the bending-tension deformation of the concrete panel specimen 5 are verified in real time to verify the magnitude and stability of the bending and tensile stress of the concrete panel specimen 5, so that the bending and tensile stress of the concrete panel specimen 5 can be adjusted arbitrarily within the allowable range of bending and tensile strength. , so as to test the permeability of concrete panels under different bending and tensile stress levels. The data acquisition device is an existing device, which will not be described in detail here, and a Data taker DT80 data acquisition instrument imported from Australia can be used.

The strain gauge and thermometer 11 of the present invention are connected under the concrete panel test piece 5 and are external strain gauges and thermometers, which not only satisfy the measurement accuracy, but also are economical and practical.

Preferably, the reaction force frame 1 includes an upper horizontal frame 1-1, a first vertical support 1-2, a second vertical support 1-3, a third vertical support 1-4, a fourth vertical support 1-5 and a lower vertical support The horizontal frame 1-6, the upper horizontal frame 1-1 and the lower horizontal frame 1-6 are arranged horizontally symmetrically from top to bottom, and the front left end of the upper horizontal frame 1-1 is connected to the lower horizontal frame 1-6 through the first vertical bracket 1-2 The left end of the front, the front right end of the upper horizontal frame 1-1 are connected to the front right end of the lower horizontal frame 1-6 through the second vertical bracket 1-3, and the rear left end of the upper horizontal frame 1-1 is connected to the lower horizontal frame 1 through the third vertical bracket 1-4. -6 The rear left end of the upper horizontal frame 1-1 is connected to the rear right end of the lower horizontal frame 1-6 through the fourth vertical bracket 1-5.

The reaction force frame 1 has a simple and stable structure, and can stably install the concrete panel test piece 5, the remaining components of the panel test piece bending-tension loading device, and the panel test piece resistance testing device, with small footprint and stable operation.

Preferably, a boss 1-7 is connected to the bottom of the upper cross frame 1-1, and the boss 1-7 is connected to the top of the mechanical jack 2.

The hole diameter of the boss is the same as that of the top of the mechanical jack 2, which is convenient for placing the mechanical jack 2 in the center position.

Preferably, the upper platen 4 further includes two first support rollers 6 , the reaction force frame 1 further includes two second support rollers 7 , and the two first support rollers 6 are longitudinally connected to the lower surface of the upper platen 4 at symmetrical intervals. , a second support roller 7 is longitudinally connected between the first vertical support 1-2 and the third vertical support 1-4, and another second support roller 7 is longitudinally connected between the second vertical support 1-3 and the fourth vertical support Between the brackets 1-5 and the two second support rollers 7 are left and right symmetrical, the two first support rollers 6 are located above the two second support rollers 7 .

When in use, connect the concrete panel specimen 5 between the two first support rollers 6 and the two second support rollers 7, and the two first support rollers 6 and the two second support rollers 7 form a four-point bending load, and the four Under the condition of point bending test, the concrete panel specimen 5 is simplified as a simply supported beam, and a pure bending section is formed between the two first support rollers 6 of the concrete panel specimen 5, and the bending moment is evenly distributed. The position between the rollers 6 enables most of the panel specimens to be subjected to a uniform bending moment, thereby better simulating the bending and tensile stress of the concrete panel under actual service conditions.

Preferably, the distance between the two first support rollers 6 is adjustable. Adjusting the distance between the two first support rollers 6 as needed can make most of the panel specimens subjected to uniform bending moment, so as to better simulate the bending and tensile stress of concrete panels under actual service conditions.

Preferably, the upper horizontal frame 1-1 includes a first upper horizontal plate 1-11, a second upper horizontal plate 1-12 and a plurality of first rib plates 1-13, the first upper horizontal plate 1-11 and the first upper horizontal plate 1-11 The two upper transverse plates 1-12 are arranged symmetrically up and down, and the first upper transverse plate 1-11 and the second upper transverse plate 1-12 are connected by a plurality of first rib plates 1-13 and a plurality of first rib plates 1 -13 Connected vertically at even intervals; the lower horizontal frame 1-6 includes a first lower horizontal plate 1-61 and a plurality of second rib plates 1-62, and the upper surface of the first lower horizontal plate 1-61 is connected to the second support For the roller 7, the lower surface of the first lower horizontal plate 1-61 is vertically connected to the second rib plate 1-62 at even intervals, and the lower surface of the second upper horizontal plate 1-12 is connected to the boss 1-7. Simple structure and high stability.

Preferably, the reaction force frame 1 is welded by high-strength chrome-plated anti-corrosion steel plates, the upper pressure plate 4 is made of high-strength chrome-plated anti-corrosion steel plates, and the first support roller 6 and the second support roller 7 are high-strength chrome-plated anti-corrosion support rollers.

Both the high-strength chrome-plated anti-corrosion steel plate and the high-strength chrome-plated anti-corrosion support roller can ensure no deformation during the loading process, and ensure long-term stability of the bending and tensile load; corrosion resistance, exposure to air and contact with saturated concrete panel specimen 5 is not easy to rust. Ensure that the loading device has sufficient rigidity to ensure long-term stability of the bending-tension load as shown in Figure 3.

The method of using the bending-tension loading device for the panel test piece of the present invention is as follows:

Place the concrete panel test piece 5 on the top of the two second support rollers 7, and then place the upper pressing plate 4 on the top of the concrete panel test piece 5, so that the two first support rollers 6 are connected to the top of the concrete panel test piece 5. The jack loads the concrete panel specimen 5 at four points, so that the concrete panel specimen 5 is subjected to a uniform bending moment, and simulates the bending and tensile stress of the concrete panel under actual service conditions. The loading device has high loading accuracy, the load can be kept stable for a long time, and it can realize the stable application of different levels of bending and tensile stress to the concrete panel specimen 5; the stress testing device passes the load sensor 3 and strain gauge. and the thermometer 11 to collect the bending tension data and temperature data of the concrete panel specimen 5 in real time, and transmit the collected data to the data collection device in real time, adjust the applied pressure of the mechanical jack according to the collected data, and test the pressure applied by the mechanical jack and the concrete in real time. The bending and tensile deformation of the panel specimen 5 can be verified in real time to verify the magnitude and stability of the bending and tensile stress of the concrete panel specimen 5, so that the bending and tensile stress of the concrete panel specimen 5 can be adjusted arbitrarily within the allowable range of bending and tensile strength, thereby Realize the test of the permeability of concrete panels under different flexural and tensile stress levels.

Embodiment 3:

As shown in Figures 6-8, on the basis of Example 2, the panel test piece resistance testing device includes a positive test slot 8, a negative test slot 16 and an alternating current digital bridge, which are respectively electrically connected to the positive test Tank 8 and negative test tank 16.

When in use, the positive test tank 8 is connected to one end of the concrete panel test piece 5, the negative electrode test tank 16 is connected to the other end of the concrete panel test piece 5, and the AC digital bridge is respectively connected to the positive test tank 8 and the negative electrode test tank 16. The positive test tank 8 As the positive electrode, the negative test tank 16 is used as the negative electrode. The test begins to read and record the resistance value of the AC digital bridge. The electrode connects the concrete panel specimen 5 as a resistance to the AC digital bridge through the connecting line. Resistance of panel specimen 5. Simple structure, convenient operation and accurate measurement.

Preferably, the positive test tank 8 includes a first test tank 8-1, a first copper electrode mesh plate 8-2, a first sealing gasket 8-3 and a first sealant 8-4. The first test tank 8- A hole 8-5 is horizontally opened in the middle of one side of one side from the outside to the inside, the first sealing gasket 8-3 and the first copper electrode mesh plate 8-2 are sleeved in the hole one 8-5 from the outside to the inside, and the positive test groove is 8 is opened with a first liquid injection hole 8-6 and a first terminal 8-7, and the first liquid injection hole 8-6 passes through the upper part of the first test groove 8-1 and the first sealing gasket 8-3 in turn. The upper part and the first liquid injection hole 8-6 are connected to the first copper electrode mesh plate 8-2, and the lower end of the first terminal 8-7 passes through the upper part of the first test groove 8-1 and the first sealing gasket 8-3 in turn. and the lower end of the first terminal 8-7 is connected to the first copper electrode mesh plate 8-2, the upper end of the first terminal 8-7 passes through the first test slot 8-1, and the first liquid injection hole 8-6 A saline solution is injected into the interior, and the first connecting posts 8-7 are electrically connected to an alternating current digital bridge.

Preferably, the negative test tank 16 includes a second test tank 16-1, a second copper electrode mesh plate 16-2, a second sealing gasket 16-3 and a second sealant 16-4. The second test tank 16- A hole 2 16-5 is horizontally opened in the middle of one side of the 1 from the outside to the inside. The second sealing gasket 16-3 and the second copper electrode mesh plate 16-2 are sleeved in the hole two 16-5 from the outside to the inside. The negative test groove 16 is opened with a second injection hole 16-6 and a second terminal 16-7, and the second injection hole 16-6 passes through the upper part of the second test groove 16-1 and the second sealing gasket 16-3 in turn. The upper part and the second liquid injection hole 16-6 are connected to the second copper electrode mesh plate 16-2, and the lower end of the second terminal 16-7 passes through the upper part of the second test groove 16-1 and the second sealing gasket 16-3 in turn. The upper end of the second terminal 16-7 is connected to the second copper electrode mesh plate 16-2, the upper end of the second terminal 16-7 passes through the second test groove 16-1, and the second liquid injection hole 16-6 A saline solution is injected into the interior, and the second terminal 16-7 is electrically connected to an alternating current digital bridge.

When testing the resistance of the concrete panel specimen 5 or testing the resistance of the concrete panel specimen 5 under the action of bending and tensile load, dry the concrete panel specimen 5 to be tested to make it in a dry state, and install the specimen on the Between the positive test tank 8 and the negative test tank 16 (that is, one end of the concrete panel test piece 5 is connected to the hole one 8-5 and the concrete panel test piece 5 is located in the first copper electrode mesh plate 8-2 and the first sealing gasket 8 On the outside of -3, the first sealant 8-4 is filled between the concrete panel specimen 5 and the first test groove 8-1; the other end of the concrete panel specimen 5 is connected to the hole 2 16-5 and the concrete panel specimen 5 is located on the outside of the second copper electrode mesh plate 16-2 and the second sealing gasket 16-3, the second sealant 16-4) is filled between the concrete panel specimen 5 and the second test groove 16-1, and the concrete panel test Fill the first sealant 8-4 between the specimen 5 and the first test slot 8-1 to ensure that there is no leakage between the concrete panel specimen 5 and the first test slot 8-1. The second sealant 16-4 is filled between the test grooves 16-1 to ensure that there is no leakage between the concrete panel test piece 5 and the second test groove 16-1, and the positive test groove 8 passes through the first terminal 8-7 and the second test groove 16-1. The salt solution and the negative electrode test tank 16 apply the AC voltage to the two ends of the concrete panel test piece 5 through the second terminal 16-7 and the salt solution, and the AC digital bridge forms a stable current inside the concrete.

The positive test tank 8 uses the first copper electrode mesh plate 8-2 and the salt solution, the negative test tank 16 uses the second copper electrode mesh plate 16-2 and the salt solution, and the electrical conductivity is more stable. Full contact and constant contact area ensure that the internal current of the concrete is stable under the AC voltage, so as to ensure that the resistance test results are accurate and reliable after the panel specimen is connected to the AC digital bridge.

The first terminal 8-7 has two functions, one is to fix the first copper electrode mesh plate 8-2 immersed in the salt solution; the other is to connect the connecting wire, that is, the wire; the second terminal 16-7 has two The function is to fix the second copper electrode mesh plate 16-2 immersed in the salt solution;

Preferably, between the second test groove 16-1 and the second sealing gasket 16-3, between the second test groove 16-1 and the concrete panel specimen 5, and between the first test groove 8-1 and the first seal The gaskets 8-3, the first test groove 8-1 and the concrete panel test piece 5 are fastened and connected by bolts; it is economical and practical, and the installation and disassembly are convenient.

Preferably, the number of the bolts is multiple, and the multiple bolts are distributed at equal intervals along the circumference of the first test groove 8-1 or the second test groove 16-1. Improve the stability of the connection seal.

Preferably, both the first sealing washer 8-3 and the second sealing washer 16-3 are rubber sealing washers. The rubber sealing gasket mainly acts as a water stopper, preventing the salt solution from seeping out from the contact surface of the test tank and the concrete panel specimen 5, and also plays a role in reducing the wear of the test specimen on the side wall of the test tank.

Preferably, the salt solution is a 3% NaCl solution. The 3% NaCl solution meets the requirements of electrical conductivity and is less corrosive.

Preferably, the first copper electrode mesh plate 8-2 and the second copper electrode mesh plate 16-2 are perforated copper plates, the size is 80mm*155mm, the thickness is 0.50±0.05mm, and the mesh diameter of the perforated copper plate is 0.95mm±0.95mm± 0.09mm. The conductivity of the electrodes can be ensured.

Preferably, the AC digital bridge is electrically connected to the first terminal 8-7 and the second terminal 16-7 respectively through connecting wires, the connecting wires are copper wires, and the diameter of the copper wires is greater than 0.3 mm. It meets the requirements of the test carrying current and is not easy to break.

Preferably, the first test tank 8-1 and the second test tank 16-1 are both hard plexiglass tanks. Anti-corrosion and rigidity meet the requirements of use.

The use method of the panel test piece resistance testing device of the present invention is:

The concrete panel test piece 5 is connected between the positive test slot 8 and the negative test slot 16, the AC digital bridge is connected to the first terminal 8-7 and the second terminal 16-7 respectively through the electrodes, and the positive test slot 8 is used as the positive electrode. , the negative test tank 16 is used as the negative electrode, and the salt solution is injected into the first liquid injection hole 8-6 and the second liquid injection hole 16-6 respectively, and the test starts to read and record the resistance of the AC digital bridge. The concrete panel specimen 5 is connected to the AC digital bridge as a resistance, and the digital bridge can directly test the resistance of the concrete panel specimen 5 .

Embodiment 4:

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 , on the basis of Embodiment 3, the vacuum water-saturated machine includes a casing 12 , a vacuum-saturated water cylinder 13 , a power supply 14 , an air extraction device 15 , a water inlet and outlet device 17 , a cylinder cover 18 and The exhaust part 9, the cylinder cover 18 are connected on the top of the vacuum saturated cylinder 13, the vacuum saturated cylinder 13, the power supply 14 and the air extraction device 15 are all connected in the housing 12, and the power supply 14 and the air extraction device 15 are located in the vacuum saturated cylinder 13. Outside the cylinder, the power supply 14 is electrically connected to the air extraction device 15, the air extraction end of the air extraction device 15 is connected to the vacuum saturated cylinder 13, one end of the air extraction device 15 is connected to the lower end of the drainage device 17, and the other end of the air extraction device 15 passes through the shell body 12.

The power supply 14 supplies power to the air-pumping device 15, and the air-pumping device 15 is used to extract the air pressure in the vacuum-saturated cylinder 13 to the target air pressure; the water inlet and drain device 17 is convenient for water inflow and drainage in the vacuum-saturated water cylinder 13; the exhaust part 9 is convenient for vacuum saturation. The water tank 13 is depressurized.

The using method of the vacuum saturated machine of the present invention is:

When carrying out the vacuum-saturated experiment, place the concrete panel specimen 5 in the vacuum-saturated cylinder 13, inject distilled water into the vacuum-saturated cylinder 13, and the air suction device 15 can make the air pressure in the vacuum-saturated cylinder 13 meet the experimental requirements, and the water is in the vacuum-saturated cylinder 13. Under the condition of negative pressure, it entered the interior of the concrete panel specimen 5 and kept it until it reached a saturated state.

Preferably, an air pressure gauge 10 is connected to the top of the cylinder cover 18 . The air pressure gauge 10 is convenient for detecting the air pressure in the vacuum saturated cylinder 13 .

Preferably, the water inlet and outlet device 17 includes a water inlet valve, a drain valve, a water inlet pipe and a drain pipe. One way of the vacuum saturated cylinder 13 is connected to the water inlet pipe through the water inlet valve, and the other way of the vacuum saturated cylinder 13 is connected to the drainage pipe through the drain valve. The structure is simple, and the water intake and drainage are convenient.

Preferably, a first sealing gasket 13-1 is arranged and connected between the vacuum-saturated cylinder 13 and the cylinder cover 18. The airtightness of the vacuum-saturated cylinder 13 is ensured.

Preferably, a second sealing member is provided at the connection between the vacuum water-saturated cylinder 13 and the water inlet and outlet device 17 . Make sure that the connection can be sealed.

Preferably, the vacuum saturated cylinder 13 is made of stainless steel. Stainless steel has good corrosion resistance.

Embodiment 4:

On the basis of Example 3, outer covers are provided and connected to the outside of the constant temperature water bath 20 and the constant temperature salt solution tank 21 .

The constant temperature water bath 20 and the constant temperature salt solution tank 21 all use existing devices, and the results are not described in detail here. The constant temperature water bath 20 is externally connected with a cover to prevent the water in the constant temperature water bath 20 from evaporating too quickly; constant temperature salt solution The tank 21 is externally connected with a cover to prevent the moisture in the salt solution tank from evaporating too quickly.

Preferably, the outer cover is a plastic outer cover. Economical and practical, easy to obtain materials.

Preferably, the outer cover is provided with lead holes. The lead hole is convenient for the sensor lead, which is convenient for monitoring.

Preferably, the dimensions of the low temperature test box 19 , the constant temperature water bath 20 and the constant temperature salt solution tank 21 can all accommodate the bending and pulling loading device for the panel test piece. It is convenient to carry out the test smoothly.

Preferably, both the constant temperature water bath 20 and the constant temperature salt solution tank 21 are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic or stainless steel. Corrosion resistance and extended service life.

Preferably, the minimum temperature of the low temperature test box 19 is reduced to -40°C, the temperature uniformity is ≤±2°C, the temperature fluctuation is ≤±0.5°C, and the temperature control accuracy is ±0.2°C. Wide test range and high precision.

Embodiment 5:

A test method based on the device for testing the permeability of panels under the action of multi-factor coupling, comprising the following steps:

1) Select concrete panels of various mix ratios, and use the same process to make concrete panel specimens and concrete round table specimens from each of the concrete panels of various mix ratios, and then use the same process to make concrete panels of each mix ratio. The panel specimens and the concrete round table specimens are cured to the required age, and the resistance of the concrete panel specimens of each mix ratio after curing and the permeability coefficient of the concrete round table specimens are tested. The relationship curve of permeability coefficient; when testing the resistance of concrete panel specimens of each mix ratio after curing, a panel specimen resistance testing device is used, and a vacuum water saturation machine is used to perform vacuum saturation on the cured concrete panel specimens before the test;

2) According to the mix ratio of the concrete panels to be tested, the concrete panel specimens to be tested are made and cured to the required age, and the cured concrete panel specimens to be tested are subjected to vacuum saturation with a vacuum water-saturating machine; The flexural-tensile loading device of the panel specimen applies flexural-tensile load to the concrete panel specimen to be tested after being saturated with vacuum; while applying the flexural-tensile load, the concrete panel specimen to be tested and the flexural-tensile loading device of the panel specimen are placed together Freeze in the low-temperature test chamber 19; take out the frozen concrete panel specimen to be tested and its panel specimen bending-tension loading device together and place it in a constant temperature water bath 20 for thawing; repeat the above freezing and thawing process to the design value Then, take out the concrete panel specimen to be tested and its bending-tension loading device together and place it in the constant temperature salt solution tank 21 for dissolution, when the dissolution time reaches the design value, take out the concrete panel specimen to be tested and The panel specimen bending and tension loading device is installed, and the positive test slot 8 and the negative electrode test slot 16 are installed at both ends of the concrete panel specimen. ;

3) According to the relationship curve between the resistance and permeability coefficient of the concrete panel specimen established in step 1, and the resistance of the concrete panel specimen to be tested in step 2, obtain the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel specimen under the coupling action of bending-tension load, freeze-thaw and dissolution.

It can realize the permeability test of concrete panels under the coupling action of flexural-tensile stress, freeze-thaw and accelerated dissolution, so as to more objectively and accurately evaluate the flexural-tensile stress, freeze-thaw and dissolution of panels in areas with water level fluctuations under actual service conditions in alpine areas or high-altitude areas On the one hand, the permeability under the coupling action can accurately evaluate the evolution law of the permeability of the concrete slab in the water level change area in the alpine and high-altitude areas, so as to realize the accurate grasp of the safety of the anti-seepage system of the face dam under complex conditions and the timely early warning of the risk. On the other hand, the influence and influence law of bending-tensile stress, freeze-thaw and dissolution coupling on the permeability of concrete panels under complex conditions can be obtained, so as to guide the optimal design of concrete panels under complex conditions in alpine and high-altitude areas.

Preferably, tap water is injected into the constant temperature water bath 20 , 3 mol/L NH ₄ Cl solution with a temperature of 18°C to 20° C is injected into the constant temperature salt solution tank 21 , and the liquid level of the tap water in the constant temperature water bath 20 is higher than the concrete panel The test piece is 20-30mm, and the liquid level of the NH ₄ Cl solution in the constant temperature salt solution tank 21 is 20-30mm higher than the concrete panel test piece. Ensure that the concrete panel specimen is completely immersed in the solution to speed up the freezing-thawing and dissolution rate.

Embodiment 6:

A test method based on the device for testing the permeability of panels under the action of multi-factor coupling, comprising the following steps:

1) Establish the relationship curve between the resistance and permeability coefficient of the concrete panel specimen;

Select concrete panels of 5 mix ratios, and use the same process to make each of the concrete panels of 5 mix ratios. According to the requirements of "concrete relative permeability test" in 2020, standard curing to the required age after formwork removal.

At the 3d, 7d, 14d, 28d, 56d and 90d curing age, the resistance of the concrete panel specimens and the permeability coefficient of the concrete round table specimens were tested respectively. The resistance test of the concrete panel specimen was carried out using the aforementioned panel specimen resistance test device. Before the test, the concrete panel specimen was evacuated by a vacuum water saturation machine for 3 hours and saturated with water for 18 hours. The permeability coefficient of the concrete round table specimen is carried out in accordance with the requirements of "relative permeability test of concrete" in SL/T 352-2020.

Through regression analysis, the relationship curve between the resistance and permeability coefficient of the concrete panel specimen is established, as shown in Figure 9, where y is the permeability coefficient of the panel specimen, x is the resistance of the panel specimen, and R ² is the coefficient of determination.

2) Resistance test of the concrete panel specimen to be tested under the coupling action of bending and tensile stress, freeze-thaw and dissolution;

According to the mix ratio of the concrete panel to be tested, the concrete panel test piece to be tested is made, the size is 550mm*150mm*75mm, and it is cured to 28d under standard conditions, and then the concrete panel test piece is evacuated for 3h with a vacuum saturator. , saturated with water for 18h; use the aforementioned panel specimen bending-tension loading device to apply bending-tension load to the concrete panel specimen to be tested after being saturated with vacuum; while applying the bending-tension load, the concrete panel specimen to be tested and its panel The bending and pulling loading device is placed in the low-temperature test box 19 together, and frozen at -20 °C for 6 hours; Inject tap water with a temperature of 18°C to 20°C into the constant temperature water bath 20, add water for no more than 10 minutes, and cover with a plastic cover. The water surface in the constant temperature water bath 20 is 20-30 mm higher than the concrete specimen, and the melting time is not less than 6 hours; repeat After the above freezing and thawing process reaches the design value, the coupling effect of bending tensile stress and freezing and thawing is realized.

When the freezing and thawing process reaches the design value, take out the concrete panel specimen to be tested and the bending-tension loading device of the panel specimen together and place it in the constant temperature salt solution tank 21, and inject the temperature of 18 3 mol/L NH ₄ Cl solution at ℃～20 ℃, the NH ₄ Cl solution surface in the constant temperature salt solution tank 21 is 20-30 mm higher than the concrete specimen. The coupling effect of bending tensile stress and accelerated dissolution is realized.

When the dissolution time reaches the design value, take out the concrete panel specimen to be tested and its bending-tension loading device, and install the positive test slot 8 and the negative electrode test slot 16 at both ends of the concrete panel specimen. The resistance test device tests the resistance of the concrete panel specimen to be tested under the action of bending and tensile load;

3) According to the relationship curve between the resistance and permeability coefficient of the concrete panel specimen established in step 1, and the resistance of the concrete panel specimen to be tested in step 2, obtain the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel specimen under the coupling action of bending-tension load, freeze-thaw and dissolution.

The loading monitoring system monitors the readings of the load sensor and temperature sensor in real time. The results show that during the freeze-thaw cycle, the bending-tension load is stable for a long time and the ambient temperature meets the requirements. According to the harshness of the environment where the concrete panels are located, the above-mentioned flexural-tensile stress and freeze-thaw coupling, flexural-tensile stress and dissolution coupling can be performed alternately and cyclically. The resistance of the panel specimen under stress.

The invention can realize the long-term stability of the bending and tensile load on the concrete panel under the condition of high stress level. Thus, with the present invention, the effect of long-term effects of high-level flexural-tensile stress on the permeability of concrete panels can be observed.

The invention can arbitrarily adjust the bending and tensile stress within the allowable range of the bending and tensioning strength of the panel, thereby realizing the test of the permeability of the concrete panel under different bending and tensioning stress levels.

The invention can realize long-term stability of the bending and tensile stress on the concrete panel under the conditions of high stress level, freeze-thaw cycle and salt solution immersion and corrosion. Therefore, through the present invention, the effect of long-term coupling action of high-level flexural-tensile stress, freeze-thaw and accelerated dissolution on the permeability of concrete panels can be observed.

The invention realizes the non-destructive testing of the permeability of concrete panels under the coupling action of bending-tensile stress, freeze-thaw and accelerated dissolution, and the operation is simple, convenient and fast.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "inside", "lower", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, rather than indicated or implied. The device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so the terms describing the positional relationship in the accompanying drawings are only used for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

The above examples are only examples of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention, and all designs that are identical or similar to the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a device for testing panel permeability under multi-factor coupling action, is characterized in that: comprising panel test piece bending and pulling loading device, vacuum saturated machine, panel test piece resistance testing device, low temperature test chamber (19), constant temperature water a bath (20) and a constant temperature salt solution tank (21); The panel specimen bending-tension loading device is used for applying bending-tension load to the concrete panel specimen (5); The vacuum saturating machine is used for vacuum saturating the concrete panel specimen (5); The panel specimen resistance testing device is used to test the resistance of concrete panel specimens (5) not applied or applied with bending and tensile loads; The low-temperature test chamber (19) is used to freeze the concrete panel specimens (5) that have not been applied or applied with bending and tensile loads; The constant temperature water bath (20) is used for thawing and freezing the concrete panel specimen (5) that has not been applied or applied with bending and tensile load; The constant temperature salt solution tank (21) is used for dissolving and melting the concrete panel test piece (5) to which no bending or tensile load is applied or applied. 2. The device for testing the permeability of a panel under the action of multi-factor coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the panel specimen bending and pulling loading device includes a loading device and a stress testing device, and the loading device includes a reaction force frame (1 ), a mechanical jack (2) and an upper pressure plate (4), the stress testing device includes a load sensor (3), a strain gauge and a thermometer (11) and a data acquisition device, and the frame body of the reaction force frame (1) is in order from top to bottom Connect the mechanical jack (2), the load sensor (3) and the upper pressure plate (4), the strain gauge and the thermometer (11) are connected to the reaction force frame (1), the load sensor (3), the strain gauge and the thermometer (11) are all connected to electricity Connect the data acquisition device. 3. The device for testing the permeability of panels under the action of multi-factor coupling according to claim 2, wherein the reaction force frame (1) comprises an upper horizontal frame (1-1), a first vertical support (1- 2), the second vertical support (1-3), the third vertical support (1-4), the fourth vertical support (1-5), the lower horizontal support (1-6), the upper horizontal support (1-1) and the lower horizontal frame (1-6) are arranged horizontally symmetrically from top to bottom, the front left end of the upper horizontal frame (1-1) is connected to the front left end of the lower horizontal frame (1-6) through the first vertical support The front right end of the horizontal frame (1-1) is connected to the front right end of the lower horizontal frame (1-6) through the second vertical bracket (1-3), and the rear left end of the upper horizontal frame (1-1) is connected by the third vertical bracket (1-4). ) is connected to the rear left end of the lower horizontal frame (1-6), and the rear right end of the upper horizontal frame (1-1) is connected to the rear right end of the lower horizontal frame (1-6) through the fourth vertical bracket (1-5). 4. The device for testing the permeability of a panel under the action of multi-factor coupling according to claim 3, wherein the upper pressing plate (4) further comprises two first support rollers (6), a reaction force frame (1) It also includes two second support rollers (7), two first support rollers (6) are longitudinally connected to the bottom of the upper pressing plate (4) at left and right symmetrical intervals, and one second support roller (7) is longitudinally connected to the first vertical Between the support (1-2) and the third vertical support (1-4), another second support roller (7) is longitudinally connected to the second vertical support (1-3) and the fourth vertical support (1-5) The two second support rollers (7) are symmetrical to each other, and the two first support rollers (6) are located above the two second support rollers (7). 5. The device for testing panel permeability under multi-factor coupling action as claimed in claim 1, wherein the panel test piece resistance testing device comprises a positive test slot (8), a negative test slot (16) and an alternating current digital The electric bridge and the alternating current digital electric bridge are respectively electrically connected to the positive test tank (8) and the negative test tank (16). 6. The device for testing the permeability of a panel under the action of multi-factor coupling according to claim 5, wherein the positive test tank (8) comprises a first test tank (8-1), a first copper electrode mesh plate (8-2), the first sealing gasket (8-3) and the first sealant (8-4), a hole 1 (8- 5), the first sealing gasket (8-3) and the first copper electrode mesh plate (8-2) are sleeved in the hole one (8-5) from the outside to the inside, and the positive test groove (8) is opened with a first The liquid injection hole (8-6) and the first terminal (8-7), the first liquid injection hole (8-6) passes through the upper part of the first test groove (8-1) and the first sealing gasket (8 -3) and the first liquid injection hole (8-6) is connected to the first copper electrode mesh plate (8-2), and the lower end of the first terminal (8-7) passes through the first test slot (8-7) in turn. The upper part of 1) and the upper part of the first sealing gasket (8-3) and the lower end of the first terminal (8-7) are connected to the first copper electrode mesh plate (8-2), and the first terminal (8-7) The upper end of the first test tank (8-1) passes through the first test tank (8-1), the salt solution is injected into the first liquid injection hole (8-6), and the first terminal (8-7) is electrically connected to the AC digital bridge. 7. The device for testing the permeability of a panel under the action of multi-factor coupling according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum-saturated machine comprises a casing (12), a vacuum-saturated cylinder (13), a power supply (14), The air suction device (15), the water intake and drainage device (17), the cylinder cover (18) and the exhaust part (9), the cylinder cover (18) is connected to the top of the vacuum saturated cylinder (13), the vacuum saturated cylinder (13), The power supply (14) and the air extraction device (15) are both connected in the casing (12), the power supply (14) and the air extraction device (15) are located outside the cylinder of the vacuum saturated cylinder (13), and the power supply (14) is electrically connected to the pumping device. The air extraction device (15), the air extraction end of the air extraction device (15) is connected to the vacuum saturated cylinder (13), one end of the air extraction device (15) is connected to the lower end of the drainage device (17), and the other end of the air extraction device (15) is connected to the lower end of the drainage device (17). One end goes out of the casing (12). 8 . The device for testing the permeability of a panel under the action of multi-factor coupling according to claim 1 , wherein a cover is connected to the outside of the constant temperature water bath ( 20 ) and the constant temperature salt solution tank ( 21 ). 9 . 9 . The device for testing the permeability of a panel under the action of multi-factor coupling according to claim 8 , wherein the outer cover is provided with lead holes. 10 . 10. A test method based on the device for testing the permeability of a panel under the action of multi-factor coupling according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1) Select concrete panels of various mix ratios, and use the same process to make concrete panel specimens and concrete round table specimens from each of the concrete panels of various mix ratios, and then use the same process to make concrete panels of each mix ratio. The panel specimens and the concrete round table specimens are cured to the required age, and the resistance of the concrete panel specimens of each mix ratio after curing and the permeability coefficient of the concrete round table specimens are tested. The relationship curve of permeability coefficient; when testing the resistance of concrete panel specimens of each mix ratio after curing, a panel specimen resistance testing device is used, and a vacuum water saturation machine is used to perform vacuum saturation on the cured concrete panel specimens before the test; 2) According to the mix ratio of the concrete panels to be tested, the concrete panel specimens to be tested are made and cured to the required age, and the cured concrete panel specimens to be tested are subjected to vacuum saturation with a vacuum water-saturating machine; The flexural-tensile loading device of the panel specimen applies flexural-tensile load to the concrete panel specimen to be tested after being saturated with vacuum; while applying the flexural-tensile load, the concrete panel specimen to be tested and the flexural-tensile loading device of the panel specimen are placed together Freeze in a low-temperature test chamber (19); take out the frozen concrete panel specimen to be tested and its bending-tension loading device together and place it in a constant temperature water bath (20) for thawing; repeat the above freezing and thawing After the process reaches the design value, take out the concrete panel specimen to be tested and its bending-tension loading device together and place it in the constant temperature salt solution tank (21) for dissolution. Test the concrete panel specimen and its panel specimen bending and tension loading device, and install the positive test slot (8) and the negative electrode test slot (16) at both ends of the concrete panel specimen, and use the panel specimen resistance test device to test the bending and tension load The resistance of the concrete panel specimen to be tested under the action; 3) According to the relationship curve between the resistance and permeability coefficient of the concrete panel specimen established in step 1), and the resistance of the concrete panel specimen to be tested in step 2), the penetration of the concrete panel specimen under the coupling action of bending-tension load, freeze-thaw and dissolution is obtained. coefficient.

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