CN113759537B - Reflector switching mechanism of optical telescope - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a reflector switching mechanism of an optical telescope, and relates to the technical field of mechanical design and manufacture. Astronomy is a subject mainly for observation, and an astronomical optical telescope is one of the main means. The optical system commonly used in the telescope at present is mainly a two-mirror system, mainly of the Cassegrain type or the R-C type, wherein a plane reflector is often added between the two mirrors to increase the reflection focus. When using each focus, the mirror needs to be moved in position. When the lens is in a focus clamping working state, the reflector assembly body needs to be moved out of an imaging light path to avoid a focus clamping light path channel; when the lens is in a focus-resistant or bending and clamping working state, the reflector needs to be moved to a position which forms an angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis, and light reflected by the secondary mirror is bent to an imaging focal plane. This patent designs a brand-new speculum switching mechanism for telescope, the position motion of realization speculum that can be simple. The motion reliability is high, and the positioning accuracy is accurate.

Description

A mirror switching mechanism of an optical telescope

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical design and manufacture, and in particular relates to the position switching and adjustment of a plane reflector in an astronomical optical telescope.

Background technique

The development and breakthrough of astronomy is highly dependent on the observation of telescopes, among which optical telescopes are one of the important means of observation. In astronomical optical telescopes, due to the limitations of refracting telescopes, they are no longer suitable for larger-aperture designs. Therefore, the current large-aperture optical telescopes are all reflective, usually two-mirror systems, and the optical system is Cassegrain and R-C. In order to increase the focal point, a plane reflector is often added between the two mirrors, and more imaging instruments can be arranged with more imaging focal points. For scarce astronomical observations, the precious observation time of the telescope is used well It is of vital significance to the output of science. The mirror that acts as a turning focus needs to be moved in order to switch between different focuses. When the focus is stuck, the mirror assembly needs to be moved out of the imaging optical path to avoid opening the focus of the focus; when the focus is fixed or the focus is folded, the mirror needs to be moved to a position 45 degrees from the optical axis , to reflect the light path from the secondary mirror to the focus-proof or fold-axis focus-proof imaging focal plane. Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of the optical path, the mirror switching mechanism needs to perform an angle switch between 45 degrees and 90 degrees and a translational movement to achieve the purpose of avoiding the out-of-focus channel.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a planar mirror switching mechanism used in an astronomical optical telescope, which realizes angle switching and focus switching of a three-mirror system, enables terminal instruments installed on different platforms to be fully utilized, and improves observation efficiency. The invention has the advantages of simple switching mechanism, few moving mechanisms, high position accuracy and no additional mirror surface force, and can well meet the requirements in engineering.

The present invention achieves the above object through the following technical solutions: a reflector switching device of an optical telescope, installed on the primary mirror chamber of a large and medium-sized optical telescope, coaxially installed with the lens barrel, between the primary mirror and the secondary mirror, It is an important component to realize focus switching. Its characteristic is that this device is composed of three-dimensional motion, including the flip mechanism for switching between the optical axis of the three mirrors parallel to 45 degrees; the translation mechanism for making the mirror and the optical axis coaxial; the rotation for angle adjustment or focus switching during installation mechanism.

Under the trend of increasing telescope aperture, in order to improve the observation efficiency of the telescope, it is necessary to make full use of the focus of the telescope, so the three mirrors, which are the key components of the turning focus, are becoming more and more important. Due to reasons such as cost, technology, and imaging effects, refracting telescopes are no longer used in large-aperture telescopes, and the current telescopes are mainly reflective telescopes. The light of galaxies in the universe travels through hundreds of millions of light-years of time and space, comes to the primary mirror of the telescope, and then passes through the reflection of the primary mirror to the secondary mirror. After processing, the imaging of astrology and various spectral information can be obtained. Adding a deflection mirror between the primary and secondary mirrors can reflect the light path of the secondary mirror to another focal point three times. The switching of the three mirrors can enable the telescope body to install multiple terminal instruments, make full use of the precious observation time, and maximize the observation efficiency.

A mirror switching mechanism of an optical telescope includes: a mirror support structure, a flip switching mechanism, a translation switching mechanism, and a rotation switching assembly.

The supporting structure of the reflector includes a plane reflector, three connectors and support rods, a central side support ball shaft, a support mirror chamber, a support shaft and other components.

The material of the flat mirror is usually low-expansion glass-ceramic, which has little influence on the temperature change; the material of the bottom support and the side support directly contacting the mirror surface is Invar, which has a small expansion coefficient with temperature change and has no effect on temperature. So sensitive, it can greatly reduce the difference caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of the metal material caused by the temperature, thus causing the influence of the support on the surface shape of the mirror. Three groups of follow-up bottom supports and side supports are all connected to the mirror chamber, and four connecting shafts are connected to the mirror chamber.

The flip switching mechanism is mainly composed of a mounting plate, a flip bracket, two sets of worm gear assemblies, two sets of ball screw assemblies, a drive motor with double output shafts, a shaft coupling, a worm fixing bracket, and two sets of identical first slider guide rails. components and two identical sets of second slider guide rail components, high-precision position grating scales and reflector support assemblies and other components.

The mounting plate of the flip switching mechanism is mainly used for installation and support, and is used for intermediate transition. The flip bracket can be installed on the top, and the bottom can be directly connected with the rotating assembly through screws. The screw shaft is assembled on both sides through the fixing seat to realize the turning action. The protruding length of the screw shaft is directly connected to the worm gear, which can be realized by a tensioning sleeve. The matching nut of the lead screw is connected on the turntable, and the bearing can be assembled in the middle. The motors with double output shafts are respectively connected to the worms on both sides through couplings, and the worms are fixedly assembled on the worm fixing bracket. Two sets of the same first guide rail sliders are respectively installed on both sides of the plane mirror assembly, parallel to the lead screw, wherein the guide rails are installed on the flip bracket, and the turntable is installed on the sliders; It is also installed on the flip bracket, installed in parallel, and has a calculated angle with the first set of guide rails; the short turntable is installed on the second set of sliders. The grating ruler is installed on one side of the plane mirror assembly and is fixed. The reading head moves with the movement of the mirror assembly as a position detection and is fed back to the motor to control the realization of the movement.

The ball screw pair is of high-precision grinding level, and preload is applied. The allowable static rotational moment of the ball spline pair is greater than the friction torque generated by the screw thread pair and the end face friction pair; Tighter, with higher running precision, its stiffness is also better.

The translation switching mechanism is mainly composed of guide rail sliders, worm gear components, drive motors, ball screws, mounting and fixing brackets and other components.

The flip switching device is installed on two guide rail sliders placed in parallel, the driving motor is directly connected to the worm through the coupling, the worm gear is connected to the screw shaft, and is staggered with the worm at 90 degrees, and the two ends of the screw are fixed by the mounting seat; The nut matching the screw rod is connected to the moving block, and the moving block is connected to the two guide rail sliders at the same time, one of which is installed on the flip mechanism assembly and moves simultaneously with the entire assembly; the other set of guide rail sliders Installed on the bottom mounting plate, the position of the guide rail is fixed, does not follow, and has a certain angle. The tangential force brought by the inclined surface drives the entire assembly to move.

The rotation switching device is composed of rotating shaft, supporting bearing, direct drive motor, supporting box and position code disc and other components.

The high-precision code disc is installed on the rotating shaft, installed coaxially, and rotates together. The reading head is installed on the support box to measure the angular position of the rotation, and at the same time feedback and control the movement of the motor; the silicon steel sheet of the motor rotor and The magnetic steel assembly is glued on the rotating shaft; its winding part assembly is fixedly installed on the supporting box.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of mirror support structure;

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the observation position of the angle switching mechanism;

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the exit channel of the angle switching mechanism;

Fig. 4 schematic diagram of translation switching mechanism;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a flipping and translation switching mechanism;

Fig. 6 Stereoscopic view A of the flipping and translation switching mechanism;

Fig. 7 Stereoscopic view B of the flipping and translation switching mechanism;

Fig. 8 Stereoscopic view C of the flipping and translation switching mechanism;

Figure 9 The overall schematic diagram of the rotation switching assembly;

Figure 10 is an exploded schematic diagram of a rotation switch assembly.

1. Reflector, 2. Side support ball head, 3. Support rod, 4. Connector, 5. Invar pad, 6. Support mirror chamber, 7 Connecting shaft;

8. Mounting plate, 9. Supporting bracket, 10. Grating ruler, 11. Reading head, 12. Screw fixing seat A, 13. Screw nut, 14. Screw rod, 15. Mirror assembly, 16. Screw rod Fixing seat B, 17. Worm wheel, 18. Worm screw, 19. Worm screw fixing seat A, 20. Coupling, 21. Drive motor a, 22. Worm screw fixing seat B, 23. Guide rail A, 24. Slider A, 25 .Guide rail B, 26. Slider B, 27. Turntable B, 28. Turntable A;

29. Install the fixed plate, 30. Translation guide rail C, 31. Translation slider C, 32. Translation worm fixing seat B, 33. Translation worm, 34. Translation worm gear, 35. Coupling, 36. Drive motor b, 37 .Translation guide rail frame, 38. Translation guide rail D, 39. Translation slider D, 40. Inclined connection block, 41. Translation lead screw, 42. Translation guide rail E, 43. Lead screw fixing seat;

44. Support box, 45. Code disc reading head, 46. Code disc, 47. Code disc mounting bracket, 48. Direct drive motor rotor mounting bracket, 49. Stator mounting bracket, 50. Direct drive motor stator assembly, 51. Direct drive motor rotor assembly, 52. large round nut, 53. rotating shaft, 54. angular contact ball bearing A, 55. angular contact ball bearing B.

detailed description

The device of the present invention includes: a mirror supporting structure (ie, a mirror assembly), a flip switching mechanism (ie, a flip assembly), a translation switching mechanism (ie, a translation assembly), and a rotation switching assembly.

The schematic diagram of the supporting structure of the mirror is shown in Figure 1, which is composed of the main parts such as the mirror 1, the side support ball head 2, the support rod 3, the connecting piece 4, the Invar pad 5, the supporting mirror chamber 6 and the connecting shaft 7.

The main body of the supporting mirror chamber 6 has an octagonal structure with a certain thickness and a bottom surface. There is a circular hole in the center of the bottom surface. Three connecting parts 4 form a triangle to surround the outside of the circular hole. A circular groove is provided at the center of the triangle. It is used to install the side support ball head 2; three support rods 3 are respectively arranged on the three vertex angles of the triangle; Invar pads 5 are provided at both ends. The reflector 1 is installed in the supporting mirror chamber 6 and is in contact with the side supporting ball head 2 and the Invar pad 5 . The connecting shafts 7 are arranged on the back of the supporting mirror chamber 6, located at the middle and lower parts of the back, and two groups of four connecting shafts 7 are arranged symmetrically.

The above-mentioned supporting structure of the mirror can realize that after the mirror 1 is assembled, it can automatically adjust the micro attitude according to the direction of gravity, and there is no additional stress on the mirror surface, and the only deformation is only the influence of its own gravity.

The effect of adopting the Invar pad 5 is mainly because the expansion ratio difference between the glass-ceramic and the metal is large, and it is necessary to use low-expansion Invar to connect the support rod 3 and the reflector 1 . The side support ball head 2 is also made of Invar material, which has a small expansion coefficient and relatively small deformation when the temperature difference changes, so as to minimize the impact of the support structure on the surface shape of the reflector.

The connecting shaft 7 is two sets of shafts installed up and down, and is a key connecting part for realizing the assembly and switching of the mirror assembly. This support method is a commonly used support method for reflectors, and is widely used in the mirror support of astronomical optical telescopes.

The flip switching mechanism can be seen in Figure 2 and Figure 3 (for the convenience of intuitive expression, see Figure 6-Figure 8 for the special perspective view), mainly composed of mounting plate 8, support bracket 9, grating ruler 10, reading head 11, screw fixing seat A12, screw rod Nut 13, screw 14, mirror assembly 15, screw fixing seat B16, worm wheel 17, worm 18, worm fixing seat A19, coupling 20, drive motor a21, worm fixing seat B22, guide rail A23, slider A24 , guide rail B25, slider B26, turret B27, turret A28 and other key components.

There is a circular through hole in the middle of the mounting plate 8, and the three sides of the supporting bracket 9 are enclosed on the mounting plate 8. The main parts of the installation on the parallel supporting brackets on both sides are the same, and only the grating ruler 10 and the reading are added on the parallel supporting brackets on one side. Head 11. The drive motor a21 is installed on one side of the backplane support bracket. details as follows:

The guide rails A23 are symmetrically installed on the support brackets 9 parallel on both sides, the screw rod 14 is placed on the guide rail A23, and the two ends of the screw rod 14 are respectively fixed by the screw fixing seat A12 and the screw fixing seat B16, and one end is used to fix the other end. way of floating. The screw nut 13 is directly connected with the turntable A28, and the floating end of the screw mandrel 14 is equipped with a worm wheel 17.

The drive motor a21 is installed on one side of the backplane support bracket. It is a special motor and adopts the method of double output heads, that is, there are connecting shafts at both ends, and the drive motor a21 and the two worms are respectively connected through two couplings 20 18 connected together. The worm 18 matched with the worm wheel 17 is fixedly installed on the worm fixing seat A19 and the worm fixing seat B22 at the same time (see FIG. 7 for details).

Triangular brackets are installed in parallel on both sides of the circular through hole of the mounting plate 8 to support the guide rail B25, and the slide block B26 is installed on the guide rail B25; the slide block B26 is connected with the turn frame B27, the slide block A24 is connected with the turn frame A28, and the turn frame A28 and turntable B27 are respectively installed on the connecting shaft 7 at the middle and lower part of the back side of the mirror chamber 6 supported by the mirror assembly, so the mirror assembly and the flip assembly are connected together through this connection. The worm wheel 17 is directly assembled on the screw mandrel 14, and the driving motor a21 drives the worm screw 18 to rotate, and the worm wheel 17 meshed with it drives the screw mandrel 14 to rotate, so that the screw mandrel nut 13 moves horizontally, thus driving the turret A28 to move. The guide rail B25 and the guide rail A23 have a specific calculated angle, and the moving process of the screw nut 13 simultaneously drives the translational movement of the turret A28, turret B27 and the connected slider A24 and slider B26 on the slider guide rail, thereby realizing Angle flip.

The grating ruler 10 is installed on the fixed seat of the slider guide rail, and the reading head 11 is installed on the slider A24.

Figure 2 shows that the reflector is at a position of 45 degrees; Figure 3 shows that the reflector is at a position of 90 degrees, and the reflector assembly avoids getting stuck in the focal channel.

The assembly diagram of the translation switching mechanism can be seen in Figure 4 and Figure 5 (see Figure 6-Figure 8 for the three-dimensional diagram for convenient and intuitive expression). Mainly by installing fixed plate 29, translation guide rail C30, translation slider C31, translation worm fixing seat B32, translation worm 33, translation worm wheel 34, coupling 35, drive motor b36, translation guide rail frame 37, translation guide rail D38, translation slide Main components such as block D39, inclined connection block 40, translation lead screw 41, translation guide rail E42 and leading screw holder 43 are formed.

The turning assembly is installed on the translation slider C31, and a pair of translation guide rails C30 are installed on the installation and fixing plate 29 in parallel. The flip switching mechanism can move on the translation guide rail C30 on which the fixed plate 29 is installed.

A translation worm fixing seat B32 is fixed on one side of the backboard support bracket; the driving motor b36 is installed on the translation worm fixing seat B32; at the same time, one end of the translation screw 41 is also fixedly installed on the translation worm fixing seat B32, and the other end is fixed by a screw The seat 43 is fixed; the translation worm gear 34 is fixedly installed on one end of the translation screw 41; the drive motor b36 is connected with the translation worm 33 through the coupling 35; The body moves together; the translation guide rail D38 is installed on the translation guide rail frame 37, and the translation guide rail E42 is installed on one side of the backplane support bracket; the two translation sliders D39 clamp the inclined connecting block 40 in the middle, and are fixedly connected as a whole. The inclined connection block 40 is connected with the nut of the translation lead screw 41 , while the inclined connection block 40 moves along the translation lead screw 41 , it drives the two translation sliders D39 to slide along the translation guide rail D38 and the translation guide rail E42 at the same time. The translation guide rail frame 37 and the inclined connection block 40 all have a certain angle relative to the overturned assembly.

The driving motor b36 works, and drives the translation worm 33 to engage with the translation worm wheel 34 to rotate, thereby driving the translation screw 41 to rotate, and its nut is connected with the inclined connecting block 40, so that the rotation changes into a linear motion following the movement. Because both the inclined connection block 40 and the translation guide rail frame 37 have a certain angle, the horizontal movement is realized through the action of the tangential component force to realize the translation movement perpendicular to the screw shaft.

The rotary switching assembly is mainly composed of a support box 44, a code disc reading head 45, a code disc 46, a code disc mounting bracket 47, a direct drive motor rotor mounting bracket 48, a stator mounting bracket 49, a direct drive motor stator assembly 50, and a direct drive motor Rotor assembly 51, large round nut 52, rotating shaft 53, angular contact ball bearing A54, angular contact ball bearing B55 and other main components.

The angular contact ball bearing A54 and the angular contact ball bearing B55 are installed face to face, and are used to support the rotating shaft 53; the direct drive motor rotor assembly 51 and the direct drive motor stator assembly 50 pass through the corresponding mounting brackets, that is, the direct drive motor rotor mounting brackets 48 and The stator mounting bracket 49 is assembled on the rotating shaft 53 and the supporting box 44; the code disc 46 is assembled on the rotating shaft 53 through screws and the code disc mounting bracket 47, and its code disc reading head 45 is installed on the supporting box 44.

The direct drive motor works to drive the entire rotating shaft 53 to rotate, and its code disk reading head 45 can detect the rotation angle of the code disk 46, thereby performing position detection and feedback. The translation assembly and the turning assembly are installed on the rotation shaft 53, which can realize the overall rotation. The rotating shaft 53 is a hollow shaft, that is, it can pass through the reflected light path from the secondary mirror.

The present invention is not limited to the specific technical solutions described in the above embodiments, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement are within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A mirror switching mechanism for an optical telescope, comprising: the device comprises a reflector supporting structure, a turnover switching mechanism, a translation switching mechanism and a rotation switching assembly body;

wherein:

the reflector supporting structure consists of a reflector (1), side supporting ball heads (2), supporting rods (3), connecting pieces (4), invar steel pads (5), a supporting reflector chamber (6) and a connecting shaft (7);

the main body of the support mirror chamber (6) is of an octagonal structure, has a certain thickness and a bottom surface, a round hole is arranged at the central position inside the bottom surface, a triangle formed by the three connecting pieces (4) surrounds the outer side of the round hole, and a circular groove is arranged at the center of the triangle and used for mounting a side support ball head (2); three supporting rods (3) are respectively arranged on three vertex angles of the triangle; a deep groove ball bearing is arranged at the middle part of the connecting part (4) connected with the supporting rod (3); invar steel pads (5) are arranged at the two ends of each supporting rod (3); the reflector (1) is arranged in the supporting mirror chamber (6) and is contacted with the side supporting ball heads (2) and the invar pad (5); the connecting shafts (7) are arranged on the back surface of the supporting mirror chamber (6), are positioned in the middle and the lower part of the back surface, and are symmetrically provided with two groups of 4 connecting shafts (7);

the switching mechanism of overturning includes: the device comprises a mounting plate (8), a supporting bracket (9), a grating ruler (10), a reading head (11), a lead screw fixing seat A (12), a lead screw nut (13), a lead screw (14), a reflector assembly body (15), a lead screw fixing seat B (16), a worm wheel (17), a worm (18), a worm fixing seat A (19), a coupling (20), a driving motor a (21), a worm fixing seat B (22), a guide rail A (23), a slide block A (24), a guide rail B (25), a slide block B (26), a rotating frame B (27) and a rotating frame A (28);

a circular through hole is formed in the middle of the mounting plate (8), three sides of the supporting bracket (9) are arranged on the mounting plate (8) in a surrounding mode, mounting main parts on the parallel supporting brackets on two sides are the same, and a grating ruler (10) and a reading head (11) are additionally arranged on the parallel supporting bracket on one side; a driving motor a (21) is arranged on the back plate supporting bracket on one side; the method comprises the following specific steps:

the guide rails A (23) are symmetrically arranged on the support brackets (9) which are parallel to the two sides, the screw rod (14) is arranged on the guide rails A (23), the two ends of the screw rod (14) are respectively fixed with the screw rod (14) through the screw rod fixing seat A (12) and the screw rod fixing seat B (16), and the mode that one end of the screw rod is fixed and the other end of the screw rod is floating is adopted; the screw rod nut (13) is directly connected with the rotating frame A (28), and the floating end of the screw rod (14) is provided with a worm wheel (17);

a driving motor a (21) is arranged on the back plate supporting bracket on one side, is a special motor, adopts a double-output head mode, namely, connecting shafts are arranged at two ends of the driving motor a (21) and two worms (18) are connected together through two couplers (20); a worm (18) matched with the worm wheel (17) is fixedly arranged on the worm fixing seat A (19) and the worm fixing seat B (22) at the same time;

triangular supports are parallelly installed on two sides of the circular through hole of the installation plate (8) and used for supporting a guide rail B (25), and a sliding block B (26) is installed on the guide rail B (25); the sliding block B (26) is connected with the rotating frame B (27), the sliding block A (24) is connected with the rotating frame A (28), and the rotating frame A (28) and the rotating frame B (27) are respectively arranged on a connecting shaft (7) at the middle part and the lower part of the back surface of a supporting mirror chamber (6) of the reflector assembly body, so that the reflector supporting structure and the turnover switching mechanism are connected together through the connection; the worm wheel (17) is directly assembled on the screw rod (14), the driving motor a (21) drives the worm (18) to rotate, the worm wheel (17) meshed with the worm wheel drives the screw rod (14) to rotate, so that the screw rod nut (13) horizontally moves, and the rotating frame A (28) is driven to move; the guide rail B (25) and the guide rail A (23) have a specific calculated angle, and the moving process of the lead screw nut (13) simultaneously drives the rotating frame A (28), the rotating frame B (27), the connected slide block A (24) and the slide block B (26) to move in a translation mode on the slide block guide rail, so that the angle is turned over;

grating chi (10) are installed on the fixing base of slider guide rail, and reading head (11) are installed on slider A (24).

2. The mirror switching mechanism of claim 1, wherein the translation switching mechanism comprises: the device comprises a mounting fixing plate (29), a translation guide rail C (30), a translation sliding block C (31), a translation worm fixing seat B (32), a translation worm (33), a translation worm wheel (34), a coupler (35), a driving motor B (36), a translation guide rail bracket (37), a translation guide rail D (38), a translation sliding block D (39), an inclined connecting block (40), a translation lead screw (41), a translation guide rail E (42) and a lead screw fixing seat (43);

the turnover switching mechanism is arranged on a translation sliding block C (31), and a pair of translation guide rails C (30) are arranged on the installation fixing plate (29) in parallel; the turnover switching mechanism can move on a translation guide rail C (30) of the installation fixing plate (29);

a translation worm fixing seat B (32) is fixed on the back plate supporting bracket on one side; the driving motor B (36) is arranged on the translation worm fixing seat B (32); meanwhile, one end of a translation lead screw (41) is also fixedly arranged on a translation worm fixing seat B (32), and the other end of the translation lead screw is fixed by a lead screw fixing seat (43); the translation worm wheel (34) is fixedly arranged at one end of the translation lead screw (41); the driving motor b (36) is connected with the translation worm (33) through a coupler (35); the translation guide rail bracket (37) is fixed on the mounting fixing plate (29) and does not move together with the turnover switching mechanism; a translation guide rail D (38) is arranged on a translation guide rail bracket (37), and a translation guide rail E (42) is arranged on a back plate supporting bracket on one side; the two translation sliding blocks D (39) clamp the inclined connecting block (40) in the middle and are fixedly connected into a whole, the inclined connecting block (40) is connected with a nut of the translation lead screw (41), and the inclined connecting block (40) moves along the translation lead screw (41) and drives the two translation sliding blocks D (39) to simultaneously slide along the translation guide rail D (38) and the translation guide rail E (42); the translation guide rail bracket (37) and the inclined connecting block (40) have a certain angle relative to the turnover switching mechanism;

the driving motor b (36) works to drive the translation worm (33) to be meshed with the translation worm wheel (34) to rotate, so that the translation lead screw (41) is driven to rotate, the nut of the translation lead screw is connected with the inclined connecting block (40), and the rotation motion is changed into linear motion along with the rotation; because the inclined connecting block (40) and the translation guide rail bracket (37) have a certain angle, the horizontal movement is acted by a tangential component force, and the translation movement vertical to the screw shaft is realized.

3. The mirror switching mechanism of claim 1, wherein the rotary switching assembly comprises: the device comprises a supporting box body (44), a coded disc reading head (45), a coded disc (46), a coded disc mounting bracket (47), a direct-drive motor rotor mounting bracket (48), a stator mounting bracket (49), a direct-drive motor stator assembly (50), a direct-drive motor rotor assembly (51), a large round nut (52), a rotating shaft (53), an angular contact ball bearing A (54) and an angular contact ball bearing B (55);

an angular ball bearing A (54) and an angular ball bearing B (55) are installed face to face and used for supporting a rotating shaft (53); the direct drive motor rotor assembly (51) and the direct drive motor stator assembly (50) are respectively assembled on the rotating shaft (53) and the supporting box body (44) through corresponding mounting brackets, namely a direct drive motor rotor mounting bracket (48) and a stator mounting bracket (49); the coded disc (46) is assembled on the rotating shaft (53) through a screw and a coded disc mounting bracket (47), and a coded disc reading head (45) is mounted on the supporting box body (44);

the direct drive motor works to drive the whole rotating shaft (53) to rotate, and a coded disc reading head (45) can detect the rotating angle of a coded disc (46) so as to detect and feed back the position; the translation switching mechanism and the turnover switching mechanism are arranged on the rotating shaft (53) and can realize integral rotation; the rotation axis (53) is a hollow axis, i.e. a reflected light path from the secondary mirror can be passed through.

4. The mirror switching mechanism of an optical telescope according to claim 1, wherein the side support bulbs (2) are made of invar.

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