CN113109180A - Internal contact external resistance type barrel-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with 3D printing technology - Google Patents
Internal contact external resistance type barrel-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113109180A CN113109180A CN202110389337.6A CN202110389337A CN113109180A CN 113109180 A CN113109180 A CN 113109180A CN 202110389337 A CN202110389337 A CN 202110389337A CN 113109180 A CN113109180 A CN 113109180A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- barrel
- sample
- shaped
- structural surface
- shearing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种结合3D打印技术的内切外阻式桶状结构面剪切仪，包括：框架；剪切盒，具有对应所述桶状内试样底面设置的内桶底板，以及对应所述环状外试样底面和外侧面分别设置的外罩底板和剪切盒外侧壁，剪切盒外侧壁与外罩底板连成一体形成剪切盒外罩；所述内桶底板和外罩底板均可绕其轴线转动的安装于所述框架上；轴向加压机构Ⅰ，位于所述桶状内试样上方，用于对桶状内试样施加轴向压力；轴向加压机构Ⅱ，位于所述环状外试样上方，用于对环状外试样施加轴向压力；旋转驱动机构，接于所述内桶底板上，用于经内桶底板带动桶状内试样绕其轴线转动；剪切监测机构，用于采集桶状内试样外侧结构面和环状外试样内侧结构面之间的剪切参数。
The invention relates to an internal cutting and external resistance type barrel-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with 3D printing technology, comprising: a frame; a shearing box with an inner barrel bottom plate corresponding to the bottom surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample, and a The bottom surface and the outer side of the ring-shaped outer sample are respectively provided with an outer cover bottom plate and an outer side wall of the shear box, and the outer side wall of the shear box and the outer cover bottom plate are integrated to form the outer cover of the shear box; the inner barrel bottom plate and the outer cover bottom plate can both be around their axes. It is rotatably installed on the frame; the axial compression mechanism I is located above the barrel-shaped inner sample and is used to apply axial pressure to the barrel-shaped inner sample; the axial compression mechanism II is located in the ring The top of the outer sample is used to apply axial pressure to the annular outer sample; the rotary drive mechanism is connected to the bottom of the inner barrel, and is used to drive the inner barrel to rotate around its axis through the bottom of the inner barrel; shear monitoring The mechanism is used to collect shear parameters between the outer structural surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample and the inner structural surface of the annular outer sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an internal contact and external resistance type barrel-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with a 3D printing technology. The tester is suitable for a rock mass structural plane mechanical behavior tester.
Background
The direct shear apparatus is a common test apparatus for the research of the shear resistance characteristics of rock and soil mass, and is not only suitable for shearing the soil mass, but also commonly used for shearing the rock mass structural plane and the soil-rock contact plane. The direct shear apparatus has the advantages that: (1) the shape condition of the shearing surface is clear; (2) the loading condition is direct and clear; (3) the test steps are simple. However, it also has the following disadvantages: (1) the method can only realize one-way short-distance shearing and is used for obtaining peak intensity, but the residual intensity is difficult to obtain; (2) the effective shearing area is continuously reduced in the test process, and test data need to be corrected.
In recent years, geological disasters in mountainous areas frequently occur, and a large bedding rock landslide appears. The landslide is usually subjected to large-displacement shear damage along the existing rock layer (or large rock mass structural plane) and finally develops into a debris flow of the super-large rock mass in high-speed long-distance landslide or high-speed long-distance migration, and the life and property safety of people in mountainous areas is seriously threatened. Obviously, the dynamic process is closely related to the strength characteristic of the structural surface (bedding surface), the shear failure of the structural surface in the process also directly affects the mechanical strength of the structural surface, and the change of the mechanical strength can also reversely affect the dynamic characteristic of the rock mass landslide, so that the research on the strength change characteristic (especially the residual strength) of the structural surface (bedding surface) in the long-distance shearing process has practical significance.
However, no suitable test instrument exists so far to research the strength mechanical characteristics of the rock mass structural plane in the long-distance unidirectional shearing process. Although ring shears are capable of achieving unidirectional long distance shearing, they have found widespread use in soil mechanics. However, for a hard rock mass structural plane, once unidirectional dislocation occurs, the shearing direction (the shape characteristic of the direction) is established, and encircling shearing cannot occur, obviously, the plane annular structure of a common annular shearing instrument restricts accurate sampling of the rock mass structural plane in the established direction, so that the long-distance and whole-process shearing mechanics research on the rock mass structural plane cannot be carried out by adopting the annular shearing instrument like a soil body. In addition, due to the structural characteristics of conventional ring shears, which have shear stresses distributed along the radial direction that increase with increasing radial length, designers typically limit the size of the annular shear plane to achieve approximately equal shear stresses across the shear plane, but as a result, such ring shears are difficult to perform large-scale shear tests.
The development of science and technology drives the continuous emergence of high and new technology. Three-dimensional laser scanning techniques and 3D printing techniques, such as in geometric data acquisition and morphological reconstruction, have grown in maturity and have found applications in a number of areas. In the field of research on rock mechanics, researchers apply a three-dimensional laser scanning technology to acquisition of point cloud data of a rock structural surface morphology, and introduce the point cloud data into computer software for accurate modeling. However, a method combining a three-dimensional laser scanning technology and a 3D printing technology is not always adopted to perform solid shaping on a rock mass structural plane and is applied to solid experimental research. And the concept of performing 3D shaping on the equal-proportion barrel-shaped structural surface based on the point cloud data of the planar structural surface does not exist at present.
Therefore, based on the current research requirements, the research on the long-distance shear mechanical properties of the rock mass structural plane is meaningful by combining the existing high and new technology and developing corresponding test instruments.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the existing problems, the internal cutting and external resistance type barrel-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a combine 3D printing technique's interior tangent external resistance formula tubbiness structural plane shear apparatus which characterized in that: the shear mechanical testing device is used for carrying out shear mechanical testing on the outer side structural surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample and the inner side structural surface of the annular outer sample matched with the outer side structural surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample, and comprises the following components:
a frame;
the shearing box is provided with an inner barrel bottom plate arranged corresponding to the bottom surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample, and a cover bottom plate and an outer side wall of the shearing box which are respectively arranged corresponding to the bottom surface and the outer side surface of the annular outer sample, and the outer side wall of the shearing box and the cover bottom plate are connected to form an integral shearing box cover; the inner barrel bottom plate and the outer cover bottom plate can be arranged on the frame in a way of rotating around the axes of the inner barrel bottom plate and the outer cover bottom plate;
the axial pressurizing mechanism I is positioned above the barrel-shaped inner sample and is used for applying axial pressure to the barrel-shaped inner sample;
the axial pressurizing mechanism II is positioned above the annular outer sample and is used for applying axial pressure to the annular outer sample;
the rotary driving mechanism is connected to the bottom plate of the inner barrel and is used for driving the barrel-shaped inner sample to rotate around the axis of the barrel-shaped inner sample through the bottom plate of the inner barrel;
and the shearing monitoring mechanism is used for acquiring shearing parameters between the outer side structural surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample and the inner side structural surface of the annular outer sample.
The axial pressurizing mechanism I is provided with an inner barrel pressing plate arranged on the top surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample, and a pressurizing mechanism is arranged above the inner barrel pressing plate;
the pressurizing mechanism is provided with a hydraulic lifter arranged on the frame, and an inner barrel pressurizing shaft which is vertically arranged and corresponds to the position of the lower inner barrel pressing plate is arranged on a lifting platform of the hydraulic lifter.
The lower end of the inner barrel pressurizing shaft is provided with a conical tip, and the upper surface of the inner barrel pressing plate is provided with a pressing plate stress groove which can be matched with the conical tip to realize point contact.
The axial pressurizing mechanism II is provided with a hollow vertical shaft which can rotate around the axis of the inner barrel pressurizing shaft and is sleeved on the inner barrel pressurizing shaft, and the hollow vertical shaft is connected with an outer barrel pressure plate arranged on the top surface of the annular outer sample through an outer barrel pressure applying arm.
The inner barrel pressurizing shaft is provided with a pressing plate positioned above the hollow vertical shaft and a lifting plate positioned below the hollow vertical shaft.
The shearing box outer cover is formed by splicing a plurality of arc-shaped outer covers.
And one end of the arc-shaped outer cover is provided with a male lug plate, and the other end of the arc-shaped outer cover is provided with a female lug plate which can be matched with the male lug plate on the other arc-shaped outer cover to realize connection.
The male ear plate has positive magnetism, and the female ear plate has negative magnetism.
The rotary driving mechanism comprises an inner barrel chassis coaxially arranged on the end face of the bottom plate of the inner barrel, the outer side wall of the inner barrel chassis is provided with a circle of chassis gears, a plurality of motors are arranged around the chassis gears, and motor gears meshed with the chassis gears are arranged on the rotating shafts of the motors.
The shearing monitoring mechanism comprises a force measuring ring and a displacement sensor, wherein the force measuring ring props against a resistance rod fixed on the shearing box outer cover through a force measuring rod; the displacement sensor is used for collecting the shearing displacement between the outer side structural surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample and the inner side structural surface of the annular outer sample.
A circle of drainage groove is formed between the inner barrel bottom plate and the outer cover bottom plate, and a drainage pipe is arranged corresponding to the drainage groove.
And axial pressure sensors are arranged on the axial pressurizing mechanisms I and II.
The barrel-shaped inner sample and the annular outer sample are printed by adopting a 3D printing technology, wherein the outer side structural surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample is formed by carrying out equal proportion configuration on the basis of natural rock mass structural surface hanging wall point cloud data, and the inner side structural surface of the annular outer sample is formed by carrying out equal proportion configuration on the basis of natural rock mass structural surface hanging wall point cloud data.
The annular outer sample sections are spliced with the arc-shaped outer sample modules corresponding to the arc-shaped outer covers one by one.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the point cloud data of the upper and lower walls of the natural rock mass structural plane are obtained by scanning the natural rock mass structural plane through the three-dimensional laser, and the three-dimensional geological models of the outer side structural plane of the barrel-shaped inner sample and the inner side structural plane of the annular outer sample are constructed based on the point cloud data of the upper and lower walls of the natural rock mass structural plane, so that the problem of accurate sampling of the barrel-shaped structural plane in the prior art is solved, and the shearing mechanics research of the structural plane in a long distance and whole process can be carried out by adopting the ring shear apparatus as a soil body.
The invention provides a cylindrical shear plane mode, wherein the normal direction of a shear plane of the cylindrical shear plane mode is perpendicular to the direction of a shear angular velocity vector. The adopted cylindrical shearing form can realize large-displacement shearing, keep the shearing area unchanged and ensure that the shearing displacement and the shearing stress on the shearing surface are equal everywhere. The barrel-shaped shearing instrument provided by the invention is different from the prior ring shearing instrument and is not limited by the width of a shearing surface, so that the size of a structural surface can be theoretically infinite, and the size effect is avoided.
The computer can timely give instructions to the motor by receiving the monitoring data fed back by the force measuring loop, so that the torque control is realized. The computer can give instructions to the motor by receiving the monitoring data fed back by the displacement sensor, thereby realizing displacement control. According to the invention, the computer can calculate the forward pressure of the structural surface in real time by receiving monitoring data fed back by the axial pressure sensor and combining the structural surface pressure formula, and can perform servo control on the lifting table based on the calculation result to adjust loading and unloading of a sample, so that the forward pressure of the structural surface is kept unchanged in the shearing process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of barrel sample preparation in the example.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a shear box in the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view along the direction AA of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction BB of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC of fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is a sectional view along direction DD of fig. 1.
Fig. 8 is an EE-direction sectional view of fig. 1.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view of fig. 1 taken along direction FF.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the inner barrel pressurizing shaft in the embodiment.
Wherein, 1, a hydraulic lifter; 2. a frequency converter; 3. a vertical bearing ball; 4. a hollow vertical shaft; 5. a displacement sensor; 6. an outer barrel pressure applying arm; 7. pressing plate ball bearings; 8. a force measuring ring; 8b, a force measuring rod; 9. a barrel-shaped inner sample; 10. an annular outer sample; 11. a rock mass structural plane; 11a, a structural surface at the outer side of the barrel-shaped inner sample; 11b, an inner structural surface of the annular outer sample; 12. a water discharge tank; 13. outer barrel chassis ball; 14. a drain pipe; 15. a lifting platform; 15b, an axial pressure sensor; 16. the inner barrel is pressurized by the shaft; 16b, a tapered tip; 17. lifting the plate; 18. a pressure plate stress groove; 19. pressing plates of the inner barrel; 20. an outer barrel pressing plate; 21. a seepage hole; 22. a computer; 23. a resistance bar; 24. a shear box housing; 24b, a housing bottom plate; 25. a bottom plate of the inner barrel; 26. a frame; 26b, frame uprights; 27. inner barrel chassis balls; 28. a chassis gear; 29. a motor; 29b, motor gear; 30. a male ear plate; 30b, a mother ear plate; 31. a force measuring lever fulcrum; 32. salient points of the inner pressing plate; 33. outer bottom plate convex strips; 34. salient points are arranged on the bottom plate of the inner barrel.
Detailed Description
The embodiment is an internal-contact external-resistance type barrel-shaped structural surface shearing instrument, which mainly comprises a frame 26, a shearing box, an axial pressurizing mechanism I, an axial pressurizing mechanism II, a rotary driving mechanism, a shearing monitoring mechanism, a computer 22 and the like, and is used for carrying out shearing mechanical testing by utilizing an outer side structural surface 11a of a barrel-shaped inner sample and an inner side structural surface 11b of an annular outer sample.
In order to facilitate accurate alignment and assembly of the rock mass structural plane 11 between the barrel-shaped inner sample 9 and the annular outer sample 10 during the test, avoid a rough operation mode that the annular outer sample 10 is directly sleeved on the barrel-shaped inner sample 9 and the like, and reduce structural plane original form damage caused in the alignment and fitting process of the structural planes of the inner sample and the outer sample, in the embodiment, the annular outer sample 10 is uniformly divided into 4 arc-shaped outer sample modules, and the 4 arc-shaped outer sample modules are assembled to form the annular outer sample 10.
In this example, the shear box has an inner barrel bottom plate 25 provided corresponding to the bottom surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample 9, and an inner barrel bottom plate 25 and a shear box outer side wall 24 provided corresponding to the bottom surface and the outer side surface of the ring-shaped outer sample 10, respectively, and the shear box outer side wall 24 and the inner barrel bottom plate 25 are connected to form a shear box outer cover 24. In the embodiment, the lower part of the bottom plate of the inner barrel can rotate around the axis of the inner barrel through the inner barrel chassis and the ball 27 of the inner barrel chassis and is arranged on the base of the frame 26; the lower part of the shear box outer cover 24 is arranged on the base of the frame 26 through the outer barrel chassis ball 13 and can rotate around the axis of the shear box outer cover.
In order to facilitate the loading of the arc-shaped outer sample modules, the shear box housing 24 is divided into 4 arc-shaped housings corresponding to the 4 arc-shaped outer sample modules of the annular outer sample 10 one by one in this example. The arc-shaped outer cover is provided with an inner barrel bottom plate 25 and a shearing box outer side wall 24 which correspond to the arc-shaped outer sample module, a male lug plate 30 and a female lug plate 30b are respectively arranged at two ends of the arc-shaped outer cover, the male lug plate 30 and the female lug plate 30b respectively have positive polarity magnetism and negative polarity magnetism, the arc-shaped outer cover realizes the splicing of the two arc-shaped outer covers through the magnetic adsorption of the male lug plate 30 and the female lug plate 30b of the other arc-shaped outer cover, and the male lug plate and the female lug plate 30b can enable the modules to be tightly attached after the arc-shaped outer sample module in the arc-shaped outer cover is accurately aligned.
The axial pressurizing mechanism i in this embodiment is for applying axial pressure to the barrel-shaped internal sample 9, and has an inner barrel pressing plate 19 placed on the top surface of the barrel-shaped internal sample 9, and a pressurizing mechanism disposed above the inner barrel pressing plate 19. The pressurizing mechanism in this example has a hydraulic lifter which is installed on a frame column 26b fixed on a frame 26, an inner barrel pressurizing shaft 16 which is vertically arranged and is used for applying axial pressure to an inner barrel pressing plate 19 is installed on a lifting platform 15 of the hydraulic lifter through an axial pressure sensor 15b, and the inner barrel pressurizing shaft 16 is coaxially arranged with the inner barrel pressing plate 19, the barrel-shaped inner sample 9 and an inner barrel bottom plate.
In this embodiment, the lower end of the inner barrel pressurizing shaft 16 is a tapered tip 16b, a tapered pressure plate stress groove 18 is formed in the center of the upper surface of the inner barrel pressure plate 19, the tapered tip 16b of the inner barrel pressurizing shaft 16 can be inserted into the pressure plate stress groove 18 and is in point contact with the pressure plate stress groove 18 through the tip, so that mechanical friction between the inner barrel pressurizing shaft 16 and the inner barrel pressure plate 19 when the inner barrel pressurizing shaft and the inner barrel pressure plate 19 relatively rotate around the axial direction is avoided as much as possible, and measurement errors caused by the mechanical friction are eliminated.
The axial pressurizing mechanism II is used for applying axial pressure to the annular outer test sample 10 and comprises a hollow vertical shaft 4, an outer barrel pressurizing arm 6 and an outer barrel pressing plate 20, wherein the hollow vertical shaft 4 is sleeved on an inner barrel pressurizing shaft 16 in the axial pressurizing mechanism I in a manner that the hollow vertical shaft can rotate around the axis of the hollow vertical shaft through a vertical bearing ball 3, and the hollow vertical shaft 4 is connected with the outer barrel pressing plate 20 arranged corresponding to the top surface of the annular outer test sample 10 through the outer barrel pressurizing arm 6.
In the embodiment, a pressure applying plate and a lifting plate 17 which are respectively positioned above and below the hollow vertical shaft 4 are arranged on an inner barrel pressure shaft 16, the pressure applying plate is used for transmitting the pressure generated by the hydraulic lift to the hollow vertical shaft 4 and acting on the top surface of the annular outer sample 10 through the hollow vertical shaft 4 via an outer barrel pressure applying arm 6 and an outer barrel pressure plate 20, and the upper end of the hollow vertical shaft 4 is contacted with the pressure applying plate via upper disk balls so as to avoid mechanical friction force generated between the hollow vertical shaft 4 and the pressure applying plate during relative rotation; the lifting plate 17 is used for lifting the hollow vertical shaft 4, the outer barrel pressure applying arm 6 and the outer barrel pressure plate 20 by the lifting plate 17 when the lifting platform 15 drives the pressurizing shaft to ascend after the test is finished, so that the upper part of the sample is unloaded and the instrument parts are detached.
In this embodiment, the inner barrel pressing plate 19 and the outer barrel pressing plate 20 are contacted by the pressing plate balls 7, so as to avoid the generation of mechanical friction resistance between the two.
In order to avoid relative sliding between the barrel-shaped internal sample 9 and the inner barrel pressure plate 19 and the inner barrel bottom plate in the test process, the inner pressure plate salient points 32 and the hydraulic lifter 1 are respectively arranged on the contact surfaces of the inner barrel pressure plate 19 and the inner barrel bottom plate and the barrel-shaped internal sample 9. In order to avoid relative sliding between the annular outer inner sample and the shear box outer cover 24 in the test process and enhance the integrity, the outer bottom plate convex strip 33 is arranged on the inner barrel bottom plate 25 in the embodiment.
The rotary driving mechanism in this embodiment is used for driving the bottom plate of the inner barrel to rotate around the axis, and has a circle of chassis gears arranged on the outer wall of the chassis of the inner barrel, 4 motors 29 fixed on the frame base are uniformly arranged around the chassis gears, and the rotating shaft of the motor 29 is provided with a motor gear 29b meshed with the outer cover gear through the motor 29.
In the embodiment, the shearing monitoring mechanism comprises a displacement sensor 5 and a force measuring ring 8, wherein the displacement sensor 5 is arranged on an outer barrel pressure applying arm 6 of the axial pressurizing mechanism II, can monitor the angular displacement of an inner barrel pressure plate 19 in the rotary shearing process, feeds data back to a computer 22 through a signal transmission cable, and converts the shearing displacement of an inner test structural plane by the computer 22 system; the force measuring ring 8 has two, and is arranged with central symmetry about the axis of the shear box, the force measuring ring 8 is fixed on the frame upright post 26b of the frame 26, and the force measuring ring 8 is abutted with the corresponding resistance bar on the side wall of the shear box through the force measuring bar 8 b. The resistance rods 23 are symmetrically connected to the outer cover 24 of the shear box, the rod head is provided with square force measuring rod fulcrums 31, the force measuring rod 8b can be propped against the force measuring rod fulcrums 31 to prevent the outer barrel from rotating, and the shear strength of the structural surface is measured.
In order to make the interior external resistance type tubbiness shear apparatus can carry out the shear test under the water-containing condition, this embodiment has evenly seted up a plurality of seepage hole 21 on outer bucket clamp plate 20, is equipped with between interior barrel bottom plate and interior barrel bottom plate 25 and forms annular water drainage tank 12, corresponds water drainage tank 12 and is equipped with drain pipe 14, and the drain pipe 14 upper end links to each other with water drainage tank 12, and the lower extreme is derived from frame 26 base inside, through measuring the water yield and the space water pressure of drain pipe 14, can provide the most direct test data for sample volume strain and shear plane effective stress calculation.
The test method of this example includes the following steps:
firstly, preparing and loading sample
The manufacturing method of the barrel-shaped structural surface sample comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring point cloud data of an upper plate and a lower plate of a natural rock mass structural plane 11 by a three-dimensional laser scanning technology;
(2) and (3) performing coordinate transformation on the original point cloud data by adopting a computer 22 technology, and performing equal proportion transformation on the point cloud data of the planar natural structural surface into the point cloud data of the barrel-shaped structural surface to realize equal proportion configuration so as to generate a three-dimensional geological model of the outer side structural surface 11a of the barrel-shaped inner sample and the inner side structural surface 11b of the annular outer sample. In the step, the upper plate of the structural surface can correspond to the outer side structural surface 11a of the barrel-shaped inner sample, the lower plate of the structural surface corresponds to the inner side structural surface 11b of the ring-shaped outer sample, and all indexes (such as JRC) of the structural surface and the natural structural surface are ensured to be unchanged; in addition, the adopted 3D printing material needs to ensure that the elastoplasticity mechanical index of the printed sample is consistent with that of the original rock.
(3) And printing three-dimensional models of the barrel-shaped inner sample 9 and the annular outer sample 10 built by the computer 22 by combining a 3D printing technology, wherein the barrel-shaped inner sample 9 is integrally printed in the step, spherical concave points corresponding to the inner barrel pressing plate 19 and the bottom plate are printed on the top and bottom surfaces of the barrel-shaped inner sample, and point position marks are made (A, B, C, D). The annular outer sample 10 is divided into four equal division modules for solid printing according to corresponding A, B, C, D mark points, the edge of the annular outer sample is printed by taking the form of an ear plate on the cutting box outer cover 24 as a reference, and the bottom surface of the annular outer sample is printed with concave strips corresponding to the convex strips 33 of the outer bottom plate.
And after sample preparation is finished, sample loading is started. The hydraulic lifter is first started to lift the inner barrel pressurizing shaft 16, and the hollow vertical shaft 4, the outer barrel pressurizing arm 6 and the outer barrel pressing plate 20 are lifted by the lifting plate 17 to make up enough sample loading space. Next, the barrel-shaped internal sample 9 marked with (A, B, C, D) point location is mounted on the bottom plate of the inner barrel, and the spherical concave point on the bottom surface of the sample is embedded with the convex point 34 on the bottom plate of the inner barrel on the upper surface of the bottom plate of the inner barrel, and then the inner barrel pressure plate 19 is covered, and the convex point on the bottom surface of the pressure plate is embedded into the spherical concave point on the top surface of the sample. And (3) loading the annular outer sample 10 sub-modules into the arc-shaped outer covers corresponding to the sub-modules, embedding the concave strips on the bottom surfaces of the samples into the convex strips on the bottom plates of the outer covers of the shearing boxes, and then carrying out step-by-step accurate alignment on the annular outer sample 10 sub-modules and the barrel-shaped inner sample 9 according to the marked (A, B, C, D) point position, so that the structural surfaces of the inner sample and the outer sample are matched. At this time, the positive and negative poles of the ear plates on the shear box housing 24 attract each other, and a firm complete sample is formed. As shown in fig. 2, several ideal planar structural surface models are shown, and the inner and outer barrel structural surfaces obtained by 3D printing can well simulate the basic morphological characteristics of the planar structural surface.
Secondly, sample loading
And after the sample loading is finished, the sample can be loaded. Firstly, designing a scheme of a sample, and setting a target pressure value to be applied to the structural surface in the forward direction. Then, the computer 22 adjusts the frequency converter 2 of the hydraulic lifter to lower the hydraulic lifter, so that the lifting platform 15 drives the inner barrel pressurizing shaft 16 and the hollow vertical shaft 4 to slowly descend until the outer barrel pressing plate 20 touches the top surface of the annular outer sample 10 and the point-shaped bottom end of the inner barrel pressurizing shaft 16 touches the stress groove on the inner barrel pressing plate 19. When in contact, the axial pressure sensor 15b will measure the preliminary contact pressure value and feed it back to the computer 22 system in real time. The computer 22 system can convert the forward pressure value of the structural surface in real time according to the pressure value of the sensor and the mechanical calculation formula (1). When the forward pressure value does not reach the preset target value, the computer 22 continuously regulates and controls the frequency converter 2, so that the hydraulic lifter continuously descends to load the sample until the forward pressure value of the structural surface reaches the target value.
In the actual test process, the structural surface forward pressure is influenced by the shear disturbance and floats around the target value, and at this time, the computer 22 can perform servo control on the hydraulic elevator according to the pressure data monitored in real time and adjust the real-time lifting of the lifting system so as to ensure that the structural surface forward pressure is kept at the target value in the test process.
The forward pressure of the structural surface can be directly converted by a pressure value F measured by the axial pressure sensor 15b through the general Hooke's law of elasticity mechanics:
wherein epsilonrFor radial strain of the specimen,. epsilontFor strains in a direction perpendicular to the radial direction, epsilon due to the restriction of the shear box housing 24r＝0，εt＝0；
Axial compressive stress; a is the area of the top surface (or pressing plate) of the sample; e is the elastic modulus of the sample; μ is the Poisson's ratio of the sample. SigmarTo solve the obtained structural surface forward compressive stress, sigmatIs equal to sigmarThe positive compressive stress in the vertical direction (F, A, E, μ are both known parameters).
Third, shear test
After loading, the shear test of the barrel-shaped structural surface can be carried out. The rate of rotation of the motor 29 can be adjusted by the computer 22. After the speed is set, the motor 29 is started to drive the inner barrel chassis, the inner barrel bottom plate 25, the barrel-shaped inner sample 9 and the inner barrel pressing plate 19 to rotate, so that the annular outer sample inner side structure surface 11b is cut by the barrel-shaped inner sample outer side structure surface. In this process, the outer sample is held against rotation by the resistance bar 23 on the shear box housing 24 against the force measuring bar 8b, and thus a shear mode is realized in which the barrel-shaped inner sample 9 rotates and the ring-shaped outer sample 10 blocks rotation. The shearing force (or called shearing strength) of the outer side structural surface 11a of the barrel-shaped inner sample shearing ring-shaped outer sample shearing inner side structural surface 11b can be measured by the force measuring rod 8b and the force measuring ring 8, and is transmitted to the computer 22 in real time for data storage until the residual state after the structural surface is completely broken is sheared.
When the equipment is sheared under the water-containing condition, the water pressure in the drainage groove 12 and the water pressure in the drainage pipe 14 can be monitored simultaneously so as to correct the effective stress on the structural surface in the positive direction in real time and ensure the accuracy of the analysis of the stress condition of the test.
If the shearing and crushing conditions of the structural surface at different stages in the shearing process need to be researched, the test can be stopped at any shearing stage, then the sample is taken out, the crushed particles near the structural surface are collected, and the particle screening grading analysis is carried out. Therefore, the particle crushing rule in the full shearing process of the structural surface can be revealed, and the internal relation between the particle crushing rule and the shearing strength evolution is established.
Claims (14)
1. The utility model provides a combine 3D printing technique's interior tangent external resistance formula tubbiness structural plane shear apparatus which characterized in that: the shear mechanical testing device is used for carrying out shear mechanical testing on the outer side structural surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample and the inner side structural surface of the annular outer sample matched with the outer side structural surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample, and comprises the following components:
a frame;
the shearing box is provided with an inner barrel bottom plate arranged corresponding to the bottom surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample, and a cover bottom plate and an outer side wall of the shearing box which are respectively arranged corresponding to the bottom surface and the outer side surface of the annular outer sample, and the outer side wall of the shearing box and the cover bottom plate are connected to form an integral shearing box cover; the inner barrel bottom plate and the outer cover bottom plate can be arranged on the frame in a way of rotating around the axes of the inner barrel bottom plate and the outer cover bottom plate;
the axial pressurizing mechanism I is positioned above the barrel-shaped inner sample and is used for applying axial pressure to the barrel-shaped inner sample;
the axial pressurizing mechanism II is positioned above the annular outer sample and is used for applying axial pressure to the annular outer sample;
the rotary driving mechanism is connected to the bottom plate of the inner barrel and is used for driving the barrel-shaped inner sample to rotate around the axis of the barrel-shaped inner sample through the bottom plate of the inner barrel;
and the shearing monitoring mechanism is used for acquiring shearing parameters between the outer side structural surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample and the inner side structural surface of the annular outer sample.
2. The internal-contact external-resistance type bucket-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the axial pressurizing mechanism I is provided with an inner barrel pressing plate arranged on the top surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample, and a pressurizing mechanism is arranged above the inner barrel pressing plate;
the pressurizing mechanism is provided with a hydraulic lifter arranged on the frame, and an inner barrel pressurizing shaft which is vertically arranged and corresponds to the position of the lower inner barrel pressing plate is arranged on a lifting platform of the hydraulic lifter.
3. The internal-contact external-resistance type bucket-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology is characterized in that: the lower end of the inner barrel pressurizing shaft is provided with a conical tip, and the upper surface of the inner barrel pressing plate is provided with a pressing plate stress groove which can be matched with the conical tip to realize point contact.
4. The internal and external resistance type bucket-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology is characterized in that: the axial pressurizing mechanism II is provided with a hollow vertical shaft which can rotate around the axis of the inner barrel pressurizing shaft and is sleeved on the inner barrel pressurizing shaft, and the hollow vertical shaft is connected with an outer barrel pressure plate arranged on the top surface of the annular outer sample through an outer barrel pressure applying arm.
5. The internal-contact external-resistance type bucket-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology is characterized in that: the inner barrel pressurizing shaft is provided with a pressing plate positioned above the hollow vertical shaft and a lifting plate positioned below the hollow vertical shaft.
6. The internal-contact external-resistance type bucket-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the shearing box outer cover is formed by splicing a plurality of arc-shaped outer covers.
7. The internal-contact external-resistance type bucket-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology is characterized in that: and one end of the arc-shaped outer cover is provided with a male lug plate, and the other end of the arc-shaped outer cover is provided with a female lug plate which can be matched with the male lug plate on the other arc-shaped outer cover to realize connection.
8. The internal-contact external-resistance type bucket-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology is characterized in that: the male ear plate has positive magnetism, and the female ear plate has negative magnetism.
9. The internal-contact external-resistance type bucket-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the rotary driving mechanism comprises an inner barrel chassis coaxially arranged on the end face of the bottom plate of the inner barrel, the outer side wall of the inner barrel chassis is provided with a circle of chassis gears, a plurality of motors are arranged around the chassis gears, and motor gears meshed with the chassis gears are arranged on the rotating shafts of the motors.
10. The internal-contact external-resistance type bucket-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the shearing monitoring mechanism comprises a force measuring ring and a displacement sensor, wherein the force measuring ring props against a resistance rod fixed on the shearing box outer cover through a force measuring rod; the displacement sensor is used for collecting the shearing displacement between the outer side structural surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample and the inner side structural surface of the annular outer sample.
11. The internal-contact external-resistance type bucket-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: a circle of drainage groove is formed between the inner barrel bottom plate and the outer cover bottom plate, and a drainage pipe is arranged corresponding to the drainage groove.
12. The internal-contact external-resistance type bucket-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and axial pressure sensors are arranged on the axial pressurizing mechanisms I and II.
13. The internal and external resistance type bucket-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology is characterized in that: the barrel-shaped inner sample and the annular outer sample are printed by adopting a 3D printing technology, wherein the outer side structural surface of the barrel-shaped inner sample is formed by performing coordinate transformation and equal-proportion configuration on the basis of the hanging wall point cloud data of the natural rock structural surface, and the inner side structural surface of the annular outer sample is formed by performing coordinate transformation and equal-proportion configuration on the basis of the hanging wall point cloud data of the natural rock structural surface.
14. The internal-contact external-resistance type bucket-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with the 3D printing technology is characterized in that: the annular outer sample sections are spliced with the arc-shaped outer sample modules corresponding to the arc-shaped outer covers one by one.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110389337.6A CN113109180B (en) | 2021-04-12 | 2021-04-12 | An internally inscribed and externally resisted barrel-shaped structure surface shearing instrument combined with 3D printing technology |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110389337.6A CN113109180B (en) | 2021-04-12 | 2021-04-12 | An internally inscribed and externally resisted barrel-shaped structure surface shearing instrument combined with 3D printing technology |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113109180A true CN113109180A (en) | 2021-07-13 |
| CN113109180B CN113109180B (en) | 2025-06-27 |
Family
ID=76715916
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110389337.6A Active CN113109180B (en) | 2021-04-12 | 2021-04-12 | An internally inscribed and externally resisted barrel-shaped structure surface shearing instrument combined with 3D printing technology |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113109180B (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103702824A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2014-04-02 | 安德里茨股份公司 | Pellet mill |
| CN106840810A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-06-13 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device suitable for vertical shearing face |
| CN107389466A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-11-24 | 王美兰 | Testing equipment |
| CN108072574A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-25 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | It tests rock mass discontinuity and shears anisotropic shear box |
| CN108414354A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-08-17 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Natural rock mass hard structural plane three-dimensionalreconstruction and anchorage experiment system and method |
| CN108801804A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-11-13 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument applying confining pressure |
| WO2019114550A1 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-20 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Shear box for testing shear anisotropy of structural surface of rock body |
-
2021
- 2021-04-12 CN CN202110389337.6A patent/CN113109180B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103702824A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2014-04-02 | 安德里茨股份公司 | Pellet mill |
| CN106840810A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-06-13 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device suitable for vertical shearing face |
| CN107389466A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-11-24 | 王美兰 | Testing equipment |
| CN108072574A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-25 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | It tests rock mass discontinuity and shears anisotropic shear box |
| WO2019114550A1 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-20 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Shear box for testing shear anisotropy of structural surface of rock body |
| CN108414354A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-08-17 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Natural rock mass hard structural plane three-dimensionalreconstruction and anchorage experiment system and method |
| CN108801804A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-11-13 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument applying confining pressure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113109180B (en) | 2025-06-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103149078B (en) | Tension-compression-torsion-shearing coupling-based stress path triaxial apparatus | |
| CN108444813B (en) | Multi-scale soil-rock mixture-bedrock interface shear characteristic testing device and method | |
| CN103149101B (en) | Multifunctional triaxial creep testing machine with soil body pulling, pressing, twisting and shearing functions | |
| CN103115832B (en) | A kind of soil pressure-bearing and shear test tester | |
| CN108982264B (en) | P-y curve measuring device based on soil body shear band development | |
| CN109374847B (en) | Floating compensation type multi-parameter vertical water quality data automatic acquisition device and use method | |
| CN104713791A (en) | Torsion-shear strength and deformation observation test device for soil cylindrical sample | |
| CN103061745A (en) | Test device and method for mechanical characteristics of simulation bottom hole assembly | |
| CN111307355B (en) | Soil body full-stress component sensing ball and use method thereof | |
| CN102269676A (en) | High-precision geotechnical simple shear apparatus and use method thereof | |
| US10962460B2 (en) | Free fall ball penetrometer with a booster | |
| CN105738225B (en) | Deep hole rock/upper home position testing method and test machine people | |
| CN111024519B (en) | Visual interface ring shear instrument for underwater structure-soil interaction and its use method | |
| CN106884648B (en) | Engineering parameter measurement while drilling device for deep water drill string | |
| CN114324010A (en) | Multi-directional dynamic shear mechanics test system for rock mass structural plane based on shaking table principle | |
| CN103344707B (en) | A kind of probe holder for the ultrasonic automatic detection of complex profile component water logging | |
| CN113218781B (en) | Soil rock contact surface mechanics tubbiness shear test appearance that combines 3D printing technique | |
| CN216144632U (en) | Internal contact external resistance type barrel-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with 3D printing technology | |
| CN113237711B (en) | Method for manufacturing sample of barrel-shaped structural surface and externally tangent and internally-blocked barrel-shaped shearing instrument | |
| CN112014009A (en) | Rotary drilling rig torque and pressure load spectrum testing method | |
| CN113109180A (en) | Internal contact external resistance type barrel-shaped structural surface shearing instrument combined with 3D printing technology | |
| CN107255618B (en) | A high-load lubrication and friction test system for the binding mechanism of a large launch vehicle | |
| CN114910367A (en) | A set of indoor static penetration and bending element combined test system suitable for soil size and strain measurement | |
| CN113252441A (en) | Triaxial compression test method for undisturbed sample of soft rock mass | |
| CN110824147B (en) | A full-flow spherical penetrating device and method for laboratory and shipboard |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |