CN112736494A - Low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna and processing method - Google Patents
Low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna and processing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna and a processing method, wherein the low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna comprises a dual-polarized antenna array surface, a polarization switch module, a polarization control module, a T/R module, a receiving and transmitting switch, a power distribution network, a power synthesis network and an excitation signal generating module which are electrically connected; the polarization switch module is positioned between the dual-polarization antenna array surface and the T/R module so as to realize the switching of the working modes through the switching of the polarization switch module. The technical scheme of the invention effectively solves the problems of high cost and large realization difficulty in a limited space of the dual-polarized phased array antenna in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dual-polarized phased array antenna, in particular to a low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna and a processing method.
Background
The phased array antenna is widely applied to radar target detection and tracking due to the advantages of high reliability, strong beam agility and the like. The dual-polarized phased array antenna can acquire the polarization characteristics of a target, so that the target identification and anti-interference capability of the phased array radar are improved, and the dual-polarized phased array antenna is one of the development directions of the phased array antenna in recent years. The conventional dual-polarized phased array antenna generally adopts three modes of time-sharing polarization, single-transmission and double-reception, double-transmission and double-reception and the like. The time-sharing polarization mode adopts a single-channel transmitting and receiving transceiver module and utilizes a polarization switch to realize polarization switching among radar transmitting pulses, so that the cost is low, and the time-sharing polarization mode has the defects that the polarization characteristics of a target cannot be acquired at the same time and is not suitable for a scene with fast change of the polarization characteristics of the target; the single-transmitting and double-receiving mode adopts a single-channel transmitting and double-channel receiving module, compared with time-sharing polarization, the acquisition capability of homopolarization and cross polarization information is improved, and the cost is moderate; the dual-transmitting and dual-receiving mode adopts a dual-channel transmitting and dual-channel receiving module, can simultaneously obtain the polarization scattering matrix of a target, but has doubled channel number and high cost, and has high engineering realization difficulty due to the fact that the number of the transmitting and receiving channels is doubled under the condition of radar space limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna and a processing method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the dual-polarized phased array antenna in the prior art is high in cost and large in implementation difficulty in a limited space.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna, which includes an electrically connected dual-polarized antenna array surface, a polarization switch module, a polarization control module, a T/R module, a transceiver switch, a power distribution network, a power synthesis network, and an excitation signal generation module; the polarization switch module is positioned between the dual-polarization antenna array surface and the T/R module so as to realize the switching of the working modes through the switching of the polarization switch module.
Further, the dual-polarized antenna array comprises a plurality of arrays, each array comprises horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, the polarization switch module comprises a plurality of polarization switch modules, and the arrays and the polarization switch modules are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
Further, the plurality of array planes include an array plane a and an array plane B, the plurality of polarization switch modules include a polarization switch module a and a polarization switch module B, the polarization switch module a is correspondingly connected to the array plane a, and the polarization switch module B is correspondingly connected to the array plane B.
Furthermore, the polarization switch module is electrically connected with the T/R module, the T/R module can perform amplitude-phase modulation and amplification on the excitation signal and then output the excitation signal, and the T/R module can perform low-noise amplification and phase-shifting on a radar echo signal received by the antenna and then output the radar echo signal.
Furthermore, the transceiving switch comprises a first transceiving switch and a second transceiving switch, and the T/R module is electrically connected with the first transceiving switch and the second transceiving switch.
Furthermore, the first transceiving switch and the second transceiving switch are electrically connected with the power synthesis network.
Further, the power distribution network is electrically connected with both the first transceiving switch and the second transceiving switch.
Further, the excitation signal generating module is electrically connected with the power distribution network, and the excitation signal generating module can generate a plurality of excitation signals.
Further, the polarization control module is electrically connected with the polarization switch module.
The invention also provides a processing method of the low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna, which adopts the low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna, wherein the output end of the excitation signal generation module is connected with the input end of the power distribution network; the power distribution network is connected with the transmitting input port of the receiving and transmitting switch; the receiving output port of the receiving and transmitting switch is connected with the input port of the power synthesis network; the receiving and transmitting switch is connected with the T/R module through a radio frequency transmission line; the T/R module is connected with the polarization switch module; the polarization switch module is connected with the dual-polarized antenna array surface; the output end of the polarization control module is connected with the polarization switch module; the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining whether a dual-polarized phased array antenna is in a transmit state or a receive state;
the second step is that: when the dual-polarized phased array antenna works in a transmitting state, the excitation signal generating module generates 2 paths of excitation signals, the 2 paths of excitation signals are output to the receiving and transmitting switch after passing through the power distribution network and enter the T/R module through the transmitting branch of the receiving and transmitting switch, the first path of excitation passes through the polarization switch module A and then is fed into the array surface A, and the second path of excitation passes through the switch module B and then is fed into the array surface B; when the radar works in a receiving state, radar echo signals are received by the dual-polarized antenna array surface, output to the T/R module after passing through the polarization switch module, output to the transceiving switch after being amplified and phase-shifted, and output to the power synthesis network through the transceiving receiving branch;
the modulation mode of two ways of excitation signals is adjusted, and the polarization channels of the upper and lower array surfaces of the dual-polarized antenna array surface are selected through the polarization switch module, so that the flexible switching of different polarization working modes of the phased array antenna is realized:
when the phased array antenna works in a single-transmitting single-receiving mode, the excitation signal generation module generates two paths of fully-correlated excitation signals; during signal transmission, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select the same polarization channel to realize single polarization transmission; during the signal receiving period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select the same polarization channel to realize single polarization receiving;
when the phased array antenna works in a single-transmitting and double-receiving mode, the excitation signal generation module generates two paths of fully-correlated excitation signals; during signal transmission, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select the same polarization channel to realize single polarization transmission; in the signal receiving period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B respectively select orthogonal polarization channels to realize dual-polarization receiving;
when the phased array antenna works in a dual-transmitting dual-receiving mode, the excitation signal generation module generates two paths of mutually orthogonal excitation signals; in the signal transmitting period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select orthogonal polarization channels to realize dual-polarization transmission; in the signal receiving period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select orthogonal polarization channels to realize dual-polarization receiving.
The dual-polarization phased array radar is realized by combining phased array area division, two-path excitation feed and a polarization switch on the basis of adopting a single-channel transmitting and single-channel receiving T/R unit, and the cost of the dual-polarization phased array radar is greatly reduced. The radar can be flexibly switched under three polarization working modes of single-transmission single-receiving, single-transmission double-receiving and double-transmission double-receiving according to task requirements, and is convenient to use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an internal calibration system for a multi-channel phased array radar.
1. The dual-polarized antenna array comprises a dual-polarized antenna array surface 2, a polarized switch module 3, a polarized control module 4, a T/R module 5, a transceiving switch 6, a power distribution network 7, a power synthesis network 8 and an excitation signal generating module.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Exemplary embodiments according to the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These exemplary embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein. It is to be understood that these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art, in the drawings, the thicknesses of layers and regions are exaggerated for clarity, and the same devices are denoted by the same reference numerals, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.
As shown in fig. 1, the low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna of the present embodiment includes a dual-polarized antenna array 1, a polarization switch module 2, a polarization control module 3, a T/R module 4, a transceiving switch 5, a power distribution network 6, a power synthesis network 7, and an excitation signal generation module 8, which are electrically connected. The polarization switch module is positioned between the dual-polarization antenna array surface and the T/R module so as to realize the switching of the working modes through the switching of the polarization switch module. The dual-polarized antenna array comprises a plurality of arrays, each array comprises horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, the polarization switch module comprises a plurality of polarization switch modules, and the arrays are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the polarization switch modules. The plurality of array planes include array plane A and array plane B, the plurality of polarization switch modules include polarization switch module A and polarization switch module B, the polarization switch module A is correspondingly connected with the array plane A, and the polarization switch module B is correspondingly connected with the array plane B. The polarization switch module is electrically connected with the T/R module, the T/R module can perform amplitude-phase modulation and amplification on the excitation signal and then output the amplified excitation signal, and the T/R module can perform low-noise amplification and phase-shifting on a radar echo signal received by the antenna and then output the amplified radar echo signal. The T/R module is electrically connected with the first transceiving switch and the second transceiving switch. The first transceiving switch and the second transceiving switch are electrically connected with the power synthesis network. The power distribution network is electrically connected with the first transceiving switch and the second transceiving switch. The excitation signal generating module is electrically connected with the power distribution network, and can generate a plurality of excitation signals. The polarization control module is electrically connected with the polarization switch module.
The application also provides a processing method of the low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna, which is characterized in that the processing method adopts the low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna, and the output end of the excitation signal generation module is connected with the input end of the power distribution network; the power distribution network is connected with the transmitting input port of the receiving and transmitting switch; the receiving output port of the receiving and transmitting switch is connected with the input port of the power synthesis network; the receiving and transmitting switch is connected with the T/R module through a radio frequency transmission line; the T/R module is connected with the polarization switch module; the polarization switch module is connected with the dual-polarized antenna array surface; the output end of the polarization control module is connected with the polarization switch module; the processing method comprises the following steps: the first step is as follows: determining whether a dual-polarized phased array antenna is in a transmit state or a receive state; the second step is that: when the dual-polarized phased array antenna works in a transmitting state, the excitation signal generating module generates 2 paths of excitation signals, the 2 paths of excitation signals are output to the receiving and transmitting switch after passing through the power distribution network and enter the T/R module through the transmitting branch of the receiving and transmitting switch, the first path of excitation passes through the polarization switch module A and then is fed into the array surface A, and the second path of excitation passes through the switch module B and then is fed into the array surface B; when the radar works in a receiving state, radar echo signals are received by the dual-polarized antenna array surface, output to the T/R module after passing through the polarization switch module, output to the transceiving switch after being amplified and phase-shifted, and output to the power synthesis network through the transceiving receiving branch; the modulation mode of two ways of excitation signals is adjusted, and the polarization channels of the upper and lower array surfaces of the dual-polarized antenna array surface are selected through the polarization switch module, so that the flexible switching of different polarization working modes of the phased array antenna is realized: when the phased array antenna works in a single-transmitting single-receiving mode, the excitation signal generation module generates two paths of fully-correlated excitation signals; during signal transmission, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select the same polarization channel to realize single polarization transmission; during the signal receiving period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select the same polarization channel to realize single polarization receiving; when the phased array antenna works in a single-transmitting and double-receiving mode, the excitation signal generation module generates two paths of fully-correlated excitation signals; during signal transmission, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select the same polarization channel to realize single polarization transmission; in the signal receiving period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B respectively select orthogonal polarization channels to realize dual-polarization receiving; when the phased array antenna works in a dual-transmitting dual-receiving mode, the excitation signal generation module generates two paths of mutually orthogonal excitation signals; in the signal transmitting period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select orthogonal polarization channels to realize dual-polarization transmission; in the signal receiving period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select orthogonal polarization channels to realize dual-polarization receiving.
From the above, a low-cost dual-polarized active phased array antenna includes: the antenna comprises a dual-polarized antenna array surface, a polarization switch module, a polarization control module, a T/R module, a transceiving switch, a power distribution network, a power synthesis network and an excitation signal generation module.
The dual-polarized antenna array surface has the following functions: the dual-polarized antenna array plane comprises an upper array plane and a lower array plane which are respectively marked as an array plane A and an array plane B.
The polarization switch module functions as: and the polarization switch module comprises two parts, namely a polarization switch module A and a polarization switch module B, which correspond to the array surface A and the array surface B.
The polarization control module functions as: and generating a polarization control signal to gate a polarization channel of the polarization switch module.
The T/R module has the functions of: carrying out amplitude-phase modulation and amplification on the excitation signal and then outputting the excitation signal; and amplifying the radar echo signal received by the antenna with low noise, and outputting the amplified signal after phase shifting.
The functions of the receiving and transmitting switch are as follows: the transmitting excitation signal and the receiving echo signal are isolated.
The functions of the power distribution network are: the excitation signal is distributed to the duplexer.
The function of the power combining network is: and performing power synthesis on the received radar echo signals and outputting the signals.
The excitation signal generation module has the functions of: two independent excitation signals are generated.
The output end of the excitation signal generating module is connected with the input end of the power distribution network; the power distribution network is connected with the transmitting input port of the receiving and transmitting switch; the receiving output port of the receiving and transmitting switch is connected with the input port of the power synthesis network; the receiving and transmitting switch is connected with the T/R module through a radio frequency transmission line; the T/R module is connected with the polarization switch module; the polarization switch module is connected with the dual-polarized antenna array surface; the output end of the polarization control module is connected with the polarization switch module.
When the dual-polarized phased array antenna works in a transmitting state, the excitation signal generating module generates 2 paths of excitation signals, the 2 paths of excitation signals are output to the transceiving switch after passing through the power distribution network and enter the T/R module through the transmitting branch of the transceiving switch, the first excitation passes through the polarized switch module A and then is fed into the array surface A, and the second excitation passes through the switch module B and then is fed into the array surface B; when the radar works in a receiving state, radar echo signals are received by the dual-polarized antenna array surface, output to the T/R module after passing through the polarization switch module, output to the transceiving switch after being amplified and phase-shifted, and output to the power synthesis network through the transceiving receiving branch.
Through adjusting the modulation mode of two way excitation signal to through the polarization passageway of polarization switch module selection dual polarization antenna array face upper and lower array face, can realize the nimble switching of the different polarization working methods of phased array antenna:
when the phased array antenna works in a single-transmitting single-receiving mode, the excitation signal generation module generates two paths of fully-correlated excitation signals; during signal transmission, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select the same polarization channel to realize single polarization transmission; in the signal receiving period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select the same polarization channel to realize single polarization receiving.
When the phased array antenna works in a single-transmitting and double-receiving mode, the excitation signal generation module generates two paths of fully-correlated excitation signals; during signal transmission, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select the same polarization channel to realize single polarization transmission; during signal receiving, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B respectively select orthogonal polarization channels to realize dual-polarization receiving.
When the phased array antenna works in a dual-transmitting dual-receiving mode, the excitation signal generation module generates two paths of mutually orthogonal excitation signals; in the signal transmitting period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select orthogonal polarization channels to realize dual-polarization transmission; in the signal receiving period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select orthogonal polarization channels to realize dual-polarization receiving.
The dual-polarization phased array radar is realized by combining phased array area division, two-path excitation feed and a polarization switch on the basis of adopting a single-channel transmitting and single-channel receiving T/R unit, and the cost of the dual-polarization phased array radar is greatly reduced. The radar can be flexibly switched under three polarization working modes of single-transmission single-receiving, single-transmission double-receiving and double-transmission double-receiving according to task requirements, and is convenient to use.
Claims (10)
1. A low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna is characterized by comprising a dual-polarized antenna array surface, a polarization switch module, a polarization control module, a T/R module, a transceiving switch, a power distribution network, a power synthesis network and an excitation signal generation module which are electrically connected;
the polarization switch module is positioned between the dual-polarization antenna array surface and the T/R module so as to realize the switching of working modes through the opening and closing of the polarization switch module.
2. The low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein said dual-polarized antenna array comprises a plurality of arrays, each of said arrays comprising a horizontal polarization and a vertical polarization, said polarization switch module comprising a plurality of polarization switch modules, said plurality of arrays being arranged in one-to-one correspondence with said plurality of polarization switch modules.
3. The low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of polarization planes include a polarization plane a and a polarization plane B, the plurality of polarization switch modules include a polarization switch module a and a polarization switch module B, the polarization switch module a is correspondingly connected to the polarization plane a, and the polarization switch module B is correspondingly connected to the polarization plane B.
4. The low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 3, wherein the polarization switch module is electrically connected with the T/R module, the T/R module can perform amplitude-phase modulation and amplification on an excitation signal and output the excitation signal, and the T/R module can perform low-noise amplification and phase-shifting on a radar echo signal received by the antenna and output the radar echo signal.
5. The low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna of claim 4, wherein the duplexer comprises a first duplexer and a second duplexer, the T/R module being electrically connected to both the first duplexer and the second duplexer.
6. The low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna of claim 5, wherein both the first and second duplexer are electrically connected to the power combining network.
7. The low-cost dual polarized phased array antenna of claim 5, wherein the power distribution network is electrically connected to both the first and second duplexer.
8. The low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 7, wherein said excitation signal generating module is electrically connected to said power distribution network, and said excitation signal generating module generates multiple excitation signals.
9. The low-cost dual polarized phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein said polarization control module is electrically connected to said polarization switch module.
10. A method of processing a low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna, characterized in that the method employs the low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna of any of claims 1 to 9, and the output of the excitation signal generation module is connected to the input of the power distribution network; the power distribution network is connected with a transmitting input port of the receiving and transmitting switch; the receiving output port of the receiving and transmitting switch is connected with the input port of the power synthesis network; the receiving and transmitting switch is connected with the T/R module through a radio frequency transmission line; the T/R module is connected with the polarization switch module; the polarization switch module is connected with the dual-polarized antenna array surface; the output end of the polarization control module is connected with the polarization switch module; the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining whether the dual-polarized phased array antenna is in a transmit state or a receive state;
the second step is that: when the dual-polarized phased array antenna works in a transmitting state, the excitation signal generating module generates 2 paths of excitation signals, the 2 paths of excitation signals are output to the receiving and transmitting switch after passing through the power distribution network and enter the T/R module through the transmitting branch of the receiving and transmitting switch, the first path of excitation passes through the polarization switch module A and then is fed into the array surface A, and the second path of excitation passes through the switch module B and then is fed into the array surface B; when the radar works in a receiving state, radar echo signals are received by the dual-polarized antenna array surface, output to the T/R module after passing through the polarization switch module, output to the transceiving switch after being amplified and phase-shifted, and output to the power synthesis network through the transceiving receiving branch;
the modulation mode of two ways of excitation signals is adjusted, and the polarization channels of the upper and lower array surfaces of the dual-polarized antenna array surface are selected through the polarization switch module, so that the flexible switching of different polarization working modes of the phased array antenna is realized:
when the phased array antenna works in a single-transmitting single-receiving mode, the excitation signal generation module generates two paths of fully-correlated excitation signals; during signal transmission, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select the same polarization channel to realize single polarization transmission; during the signal receiving period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select the same polarization channel to realize single polarization receiving;
when the phased array antenna works in a single-transmitting and double-receiving mode, the excitation signal generation module generates two paths of fully-correlated excitation signals; during signal transmission, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select the same polarization channel to realize single polarization transmission; in the signal receiving period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B respectively select orthogonal polarization channels to realize dual-polarization receiving;
when the phased array antenna works in a dual-transmitting dual-receiving mode, the excitation signal generation module generates two paths of mutually orthogonal excitation signals; in the signal transmitting period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select orthogonal polarization channels to realize dual-polarization transmission; in the signal receiving period, the polarization switch module A and the polarization switch module B select orthogonal polarization channels to realize dual-polarization receiving.
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| CN113655741A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-16 | 上海机电工程研究所 | Composite array feed function switching device |
| CN114389663A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-04-22 | 清华大学 | Phased array beamforming network |
| CN116706567A (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2023-09-05 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Polarization coding array antenna |
| CN116706567B (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2023-10-31 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Polarization coded array antenna |
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