CN111528980B - 一种膝关节固定平台单髁置换术的股骨定位装置 - Google Patents
一种膝关节固定平台单髁置换术的股骨定位装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请提供一种膝关节固定平台单髁置换术的股骨定位装置,其特征在于,包括股骨钻孔导向器、定位校准器、单髁假体。根据胫骨平台假体选用合适的定位校准器,通过定位校准器中凹形底座弧面紧贴截骨后的胫骨平台假体外侧(或内侧)壁,且门型限位框空心圆柱体凹槽卡住股骨钻孔导向器的两个导向孔后完成股骨定位操作。该装置显著降低术中使用时髌骨的“遮挡”效应对股骨钻孔导向器放置的干扰,还可以进行股骨侧假体位置方向的精准定位,防止股骨假体发生内、外旋,内、外翻等不佳情况,操作省时省力,步骤简单,而且可重复性强,精准度高。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及医疗器械技术领域,特别涉及膝关节微创单髁关节置换手术操作和精准股骨假体定位手术技术领域,具体是一种膝关节固定平台单髁置换术的股骨定位装置。
背景技术
膝关节单髁置换术已广泛用于治疗膝关节单间室骨性关节炎,其相对于全膝置换能更多的保留骨量,更接近生理的膝关节运动功能,更好的本体感觉和膝关节活动度以及患者更快的恢复。和活动平台单髁置换相比,固定平台单髁关节置换可用于膝关节内、外侧间室骨关节炎的治疗,而不用担心垫片滑脱等并发症的发生。但膝外侧单髁关节置换的手术技术难度较大,对于术者经验的要求较高,同时影响股骨侧假体定位的不确定因素较多,尚缺乏统一的参考标准,目前固定平台单髁置换的股骨侧截骨及定位主要依靠手动操作,实现高精准度的股骨假体力线及位置具有一定的难度,术者的经验非常重要,尤其对于初学者而言,更是巨大的挑战。若存在显著的股骨假体位置不佳,将影响单髁假体的长期生存率。
申请内容
本申请的目的在于,克服现有的技术的不足,提供一种膝关节固定平台单髁置换术的股骨定位装置,主要用于微创小切口下完成膝关节固定平台单髁置换术并实现股骨假体的精准定位。
为实现上述目标,本申请提供了如下技术方案:
一种膝关节固定平台单髁置换术的股骨定位装置,其特征在于,包括股骨钻孔导向器1、定位校准器2、单髁假体3;
所述股骨钻孔导向器1包括上钻孔导向孔11、下钻孔导向孔(12)、定位钉定位孔13;股骨钻孔导向器1采用不规则形设计为上窄下宽结构,股骨钻孔导向器1的底座为弧形结构,术前股骨钻孔导向器1底座弧形面与股骨面贴合;上钻孔导向孔11、下钻孔导向孔12为空心圆柱体结构,两者与股骨钻孔导向器1弧形面固定连接,用于术中股骨钻孔导向;
所述定位校准器2包括:门型限位框21、左右两侧垫块22、凹形底座23、手柄24:门型限位框21位于左侧垫块22上部,门型限位框(21)下端与左侧垫块22固定连接,门型限位框21的框体内部尺寸和间距与上钻孔导向孔11、下钻孔导向孔12外径尺寸和间距相同;
垫块22厚度高于凹形底座23,呈为长方体条状结构,位于凹形底座23上方,与凹形底座23固定连接;
凹形底座23为板状结构,两端为弧形;
左侧垫块22与手柄24连接,手柄24呈外展状态;
所述单髁假体3包括:上假体31、胫骨平台假体32;为现有技术,是使用过程中被试用的对象。
一种膝关节固定平台单髁置换术的股骨定位装置,其特征在于:
根据胫骨平台假体32选用合适的定位校准器2,使凹形底座23高度h1与胫骨平台假体32高度h2相同,通过定位校准器2中凹形底座23弧面紧贴截骨后的胫骨平台假体32外侧(或内侧)壁,且门型限位框21的框体卡住股骨钻孔导向器1的两个导向孔(上钻孔导向孔11、下钻孔导向孔12)后完成股骨定位操作。
有益效果:
本申请设计的一种膝关节固定平台单髁置换术的股骨定位装置,既可以方便在微创小切口下进行股骨假体大小的测量选择,无需过度牵拉髌骨,显著降低术中使用时髌骨的“遮挡”效应对股骨钻孔导向器放置的干扰。还可以进行股骨侧假体位置方向的精准定位,防止股骨假体发生内、外旋,内、外翻等不佳情况。仅需一人一步操作即可完成,不仅省时省力,步骤简化,而且可重复性强,精准度高。
附图说明
图1为股骨钻孔导向器示意图;
图2定位校准器示意图;
图3单踝假体示意图;
图4股骨钻孔导向器安装示意图;
图5手术中定位校准器与股骨钻孔导向器位置关系图;
附图标记说明
股骨钻孔导向器1、定位校准器2、单髁假体3;
股骨钻孔导向器1包括:上钻孔导向孔11、下钻孔导向孔12、定位钉定位孔13;定位校准器2包括:门型限位框21、垫块22、凹形底座23、手柄24;单髁假体3包括:上假体31、胫骨平台假体32;髌骨4、股骨踝5。
具体实施方式:
一种膝关节固定平台单髁置换术的股骨定位装置,包括股骨钻孔导向器1、定位校准器2、单髁假体3;所述股骨钻孔导向器1包括上钻孔导向孔11、下钻孔导向孔12、定位钉定位孔13;所述定位校准器2包括:门型限位框21、垫块22、凹形底座23、手柄24;单髁假体3包括:上假体31、胫骨平台假体32。
如图1所示,所述股骨钻孔导向器1采用不规则形设计为上窄下宽结构;如图4所示,髌骨位于股骨钻孔导向器1上部窄体旁,这种上窄下宽结构结构用于减少术中髌骨4对股骨钻孔导向器1的“遮挡”效应,防止髌骨4对股骨钻孔导向器1放置位置的干扰;股骨钻孔导向器1的底座为弧形结构,术前股骨钻孔导向器1底座弧形面与股骨面贴合;上钻孔导向孔11、下钻孔导向孔12为空心圆柱体结构,两者与股骨钻孔导向器1弧形面固定连接,用于术中股骨钻孔导向;定位钉定位孔13位于股骨钻孔导向器1弧形面上,为空心圆结构,用于术中定位钉定位。
如图2所示,门型限位框21位于垫块22上部,门型限位框21下端与垫块22固定连接,门型限位框21的框体尺寸和间距与上钻孔导向孔11、下钻孔导向孔12外径尺寸和间距相同;垫块22为长方体结构,位于凹形底座23上方,与凹形底座23固定连接,垫块22厚度恰好等于胫骨假体的厚度,不仅可以测试评估假体试模的伸屈间隙平衡情况,更重要的是可以在准备股骨侧钻孔时恢复侧副韧带正常的张力,股骨和胫骨也回到正常的相对位置;凹形底座23为板状结构,两端为弧形,底部固定与手柄24平台上,凹形底座23高度为h1,术中凹型底座23弧面紧贴截骨后的胫骨平台假体32外侧(或内侧)壁;手柄24为手持定位校准器2的把手,便于术中医生手持。
单髁假体3为现有技术装置,包括:上假体31、胫骨平台假体32;所述胫骨平台假体32为半圆形板块结构,胫骨平台假体32高度为h2;
如图5所示,一种膝关节固定平台单髁置换术的股骨定位装置使用原理:
通过定位校准器2中凹形底座23弧面紧贴截骨后的胫骨平台假体32外侧(或内侧)壁,且门型限位框21内部框体卡住股骨钻孔导向器1的两个导向孔(上钻孔导向孔11、下钻孔导向孔12)完成股骨定位操作。
实施例1:
一种膝关节固定平台单髁置换术的股骨定位装置使用步骤为:
s1:以腿完全伸直标记的股骨假体上缘为参照,选取合适型号的股骨钻孔导向器1,并将股骨钻孔导向器1底座与股骨5端贴合,并安装胫骨平台假体32;
s2:选择与胫骨平台假体32匹配的定位校准器2,使胫骨平台假体32高度h2与凹形底座23高度h1相同;
s3:定位校准器2中凹形底座23弧面紧贴截骨后的胫骨平台假体32外侧(或内侧)壁;
s4:门型限位框21内矿体卡住股骨钻孔导向器1的两个导向孔(上钻孔导向孔11、下钻孔导向孔12);
s5:完成股骨定位操作,进行股骨钻孔。
Claims (2)
1.一种膝关节固定平台单髁置换术的股骨定位装置,其特征在于,包括股骨钻孔导向器(1)、定位校准器(2)、单髁假体(3);
所述股骨钻孔导向器(1)包括上钻孔导向孔(11)、下钻孔导向孔(12)、定位钉定位孔(13);股骨钻孔导向器(1)采用不规则形设计为上窄下宽结构,股骨钻孔导向器(1)的底座为弧形结构,术前股骨钻孔导向器(1)底座弧形面与股骨面贴合;上钻孔导向孔(11)、下钻孔导向孔(12)为空心圆柱体结构,两者与股骨钻孔导向器(1)弧形面固定连接,用于术中股骨钻孔导向;
所述定位校准器(2)包括:门型限位框(21)、左右两侧垫块(22)、凹形底座(23)、手柄(24);门型限位框(21)位于左侧垫块(22)上部,门型限位框(21)下端与左侧垫块(22)固定连接,门型限位框(21)的框体内部尺寸和间距与上钻孔导向孔(11)、下钻孔导向孔(12)外径尺寸和间距相同;
垫块(22)厚度高于凹形底座(23),呈长方体条状结构,位于凹形底座(23)上方,与凹形底座(23)固定连接;
凹形底座(23)为板状结构,两端为弧形;
左侧垫块(22)与手柄(24)连接,手柄(24)呈外展状态;
所述单髁假体(3)包括:上假体(31)、胫骨平台假体(32)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种膝关节固定平台单髁置换术的股骨定位装置,其特征在于:
根据胫骨平台假体(32)选用合适的定位校准器(2),使凹形底座(23)高度h1与胫骨平台假体(32)高度h2相同,通过定位校准器(2)中凹形底座(23)弧面紧贴截骨后的胫骨平台假体(32)外侧壁或内侧壁,且门型限位框(21)的框体卡住股骨钻孔导向器(1)的上钻孔导向孔(11)与下钻孔导向孔(12)后完成股骨定位操作。
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