CN111168068A

CN111168068A - Apparatus for processing material with increased or decreased amount and control method

Info

Publication number: CN111168068A
Application number: CN202010090836.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张璧; 李帅
Original assignee: Southern University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Southern University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2020-02-13
Filing date: 2020-02-13
Publication date: 2020-05-19

Abstract

The invention discloses a material processing device and a control method for adding and subtracting materials. The device comprises: a laser cladding module; a laser forging module; a material reduction processing module; a laser cleaning module; a worktable movement module; Laser cladding; laser forging module, linked with the laser cladding module, determines the position of the cladding material that meets the temperature according to the temperature sensor, and the laser galvanometer performs laser forging on the cladding material; the subtractive processing module is used for the workpiece to be processed. Subtractive machining; laser cleaning module for laser cleaning of workpieces to be processed; multi-axis table for moving headstock. The method applies to the device. In the embodiment of the present invention, by linking laser cladding and laser forging, the cladding layer can be strengthened by forging under the condition of realizing cladding; the problems of deformation and low dimensional accuracy can be solved through material reduction processing, and the quality of surface processing can be improved; Laser cleaning can reduce the impact of contamination on processed workpieces.

Description

Apparatus for processing material with increased or decreased amount and control method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of advanced manufacturing, in particular to a material adding and reducing processing device and a control method.

Background

Additive manufacturing is a technique that achieves the formation of three-dimensional parts by superimposing materials layer by layer. Compared with the traditional material reduction manufacturing modes such as turning, milling and the like, the material increase manufacturing has the advantages of saving raw materials, reducing processing procedures, shortening processing period, having extremely high design freedom and the like, but also has the defects of deformation and warpage of parts caused by uneven temperature distribution, low size precision, poor surface smoothness and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to at least alleviating one of the technical problems in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a material-adding and reducing processing device which can effectively reduce the internal defects of a workpiece and improve the material strength and the surface quality of the workpiece. The invention also provides a process specification management system.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for increasing or decreasing an iso-material, including: the laser cladding module comprises a laser cladding nozzle and a powder feeder; the laser forging module comprises a laser galvanometer and a temperature sensor; the material reducing processing module comprises a processing cutter and a cutting fluid spray head; the laser cleaning module comprises a laser cleaning head; the workbench movement module comprises a main spindle box and a multi-axis workbench; the laser cladding module is used for carrying out laser cladding on a workpiece to be processed; the laser forging module is linked with the laser cladding module, the position of the cladding material meeting the temperature is determined according to the temperature sensor, and the laser galvanometer performs laser forging on the cladding material; the material reducing processing module is used for performing material reducing processing on the workpiece to be processed which completes at least one cladding; the laser cleaning module is used for performing laser cleaning on the workpiece to be processed after at least one material reduction processing is completed; the multi-axis workbench is used for moving the spindle box.

The material adding and reducing processing device provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: by linking laser cladding and laser forging, the cladding layer can be strengthened by forging under the condition of realizing cladding so as to solve the problems of internal defects, deformation and low dimensional accuracy; the quality of surface processing can be improved through material reduction processing; the laser cleaning can reduce the influence of pollution on the processed workpiece.

According to other embodiments of the invention, the apparatus for processing an incremental or decremental grade, the laser cladding module, comprises a continuous laser. Through the continuous laser, the temperature can be rapidly increased, and the cladding efficiency is improved.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the apparatus for processing an incremental or decremental contour material, the laser forging module comprises a short pulse laser, and the corresponding laser parameters comprise: the pulse width is 10-20ns, and the energy density is more than 5GW/cm 2. Through the short pulse laser, the output of the laser can be effectively controlled, and the accurate control of forging is facilitated.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the material adding and reducing processing device comprises a workbench movement module, a positioning table and a processing module, wherein the workbench movement module comprises a positioning table used for storing a laser cladding nozzle, a processing cutter and a laser cleaning head; the control box is used for controlling the multi-axis workbench and the spindle box; the main spindle box realizes function switching by replacing the laser cladding spray head, the processing cutter and the laser cleaning head. The function can be switched by the mounting table and the headstock, and the hardware cost of the device can be reduced.

According to another embodiment of the apparatus for processing an increasing or decreasing equal-grade material, the temperature sensor is an infrared temperature sensor. Through infrared temperature sensor, can the accurate measurement temperature, be favorable to improving the precision of device operation.

According to other embodiments of the invention, the material reducing and processing module further comprises a cutting fluid circulating and filtering unit. Through cutting fluid circulation filter unit, can reduce the cost of device operation.

According to another embodiment of the equal-material-adding and decreasing processing apparatus of the present invention, the multi-axis table is provided with an X axis, a Y axis, a Z axis, an a axis, and a C axis.

According to another embodiment of the apparatus for processing an ascending/descending iso-material, the mounting table is a rotary tool magazine. Through rotatory tool magazine, can realize the switching of different functions, improve the operating efficiency.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the laser cleaning module performs laser cleaning by using a pulsed line laser.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling an incremental/decremental equal-material processing apparatus, including: performing cladding forming on a workpiece to be processed according to preset process parameters; determining the position of the cladding material according with the temperature while cladding and forming, and performing laser forging on the cladding material; after laser cladding with the preset number of layers is completed, material reduction is performed; laser cleaning is performed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a connection block diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus for increasing and decreasing contour machining in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling an apparatus for increasing or decreasing a contour material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the equal-material processing composite device according to the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, if an orientation description is referred to, for example, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. If a feature is referred to as being "disposed," "secured," "connected," or "mounted" to another feature, it can be directly disposed, secured, or connected to the other feature or indirectly disposed, secured, connected, or mounted to the other feature.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, if "a number" is referred to, it means one or more, if "a plurality" is referred to, it means two or more, if "greater than", "less than" or "more than" is referred to, it is understood that the number is not included, and if "greater than", "lower" or "inner" is referred to, it is understood that the number is included. If reference is made to "first" or "second", this should be understood to distinguish between features and not to indicate or imply relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of indicated features or to implicitly indicate the precedence of the indicated features.

Referring to fig. 1, the device for processing increasing and decreasing equal materials in the embodiment of the present invention is shown, and includes:

the laser cladding module comprises a laser cladding nozzle and a powder feeder; the laser forging module comprises a laser galvanometer and a temperature sensor; the material reducing processing module comprises a processing cutter and a cutting fluid spray head; the laser cleaning module comprises a laser cleaning head; the workbench movement module comprises a main spindle box and a multi-axis workbench; the laser cladding module is used for carrying out laser cladding on a workpiece to be processed; the laser forging module is linked with the laser cladding module, the position of the cladding material meeting the temperature is determined according to the temperature sensor, and the laser galvanometer performs laser forging on the cladding material; the material reducing processing module is used for performing material reducing processing on the workpiece to be processed which completes at least one cladding; the laser cleaning module is used for performing laser cleaning on the workpiece to be processed after at least one material reduction processing is completed; the multi-axis workbench is used for moving the spindle box.

The material adding and reducing processing device provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: the laser cladding and the laser forging are linked, so that the cladding layer can be strengthened by forging under the condition of realizing cladding; by reducing the material, the problems of deformation and low dimensional precision are solved, and the surface processing quality is improved; the laser cleaning can reduce the influence of pollution on the processed workpiece.

According to other embodiments of the invention, the apparatus for processing an incremental or decremental grade, the laser cladding module, comprises a continuous laser. The laser cladding nozzle is provided with a plurality of powder feeding ports, and can realize gradient forming of various powders. Through the continuous laser, the temperature can be rapidly increased, and the cladding efficiency is improved.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the apparatus for processing an incremental or decremental contour material, the laser forging module comprises a short pulse laser, and the corresponding laser parameters comprise: the pulse width is 10-20ns, and the energy density is more than 5GW/cm 2. The output of the laser can be effectively controlled through the short pulse laser, and the accurate control of forging is facilitated; the laser cleaning is used for cleaning the part subjected to material reduction, so that surface residues are removed, and the residues are prevented from forming defects in the part and influencing the performance of the part.

According to another embodiment of the apparatus for processing an increasing or decreasing equal-grade material, the temperature sensor is an infrared temperature sensor. The infrared temperature sensor can accurately measure the temperature, and is favorable for improving the running precision of the device; data collected by the infrared temperature sensor are processed and analyzed and then fed back to the numerical control center, and parameters of laser forging can be adjusted accordingly.

According to other embodiments of the invention, the material reducing and processing module further comprises a cutting fluid circulating and filtering unit. The cutting fluid is introduced, the cutting temperature in the machining process is greatly reduced, the service life of the cutter and the surface quality of a workpiece are improved, and the running cost of the device can be reduced through the cutting fluid circulating and filtering unit.

Referring to fig. 2, a control method of an iso-material increasing and decreasing processing device in the embodiment of the invention is shown, and the method comprises the following steps:

s1, model slicing and path planning;

s2, cladding and forming the workpiece to be processed according to preset process parameters;

s3, determining the position of the cladding material according with the temperature while cladding and forming, and performing laser forging on the cladding material;

s4, after laser cladding of a preset layer number is completed, material reduction is performed;

s5, performing laser cleaning;

and S6, circularly performing the steps S2-S5 until the machining is finished.

Wherein, S1 specifically includes: slicing a three-dimensional model of a part (namely a workpiece to be processed), and planning a laser cladding path, a laser forging path, a material reducing processing path and a laser cleaning path; preliminarily setting processing parameters, wherein the processing parameters comprise laser power, spot diameter and powder feeding rate of a coaxial powder feeding cladding laser head, laser power, pulse width, spot diameter and pulse frequency of forging laser, laser cleaning power and motion parameters of other mechanisms; the path planning is visual, comprises laser cladding, laser forging, material reducing processing and laser cleaning paths, and can display the processing state in real time.

S2 specifically comprises the following steps: and starting the continuous laser generator and the powder feeder at the same time, and cladding and forming the metal forming material according to a preset path and process parameters.

S3 specifically comprises the following steps: starting a short pulse laser generator while laser cladding is started, carrying out laser forging on the cladding material in a temperature interval according to the temperature of the cladding material measured by an infrared temperature sensor, and synchronously carrying out cladding and laser forging; the laser forging adopts short pulse laser, the pulse width is 10-20ns, the energy density is more than 5GW/cm2, and the galvanometer is adopted for scanning.

S4 specifically comprises the following steps: after the preset number of layers of laser cladding materials are obtained, starting a material reducing processing system, wherein the processing process can use cutting fluid for cooling and lubricating, the cutting fluid comprises water-based cutting fluid, emulsion and the like, the material reducing processing comprises one or more processing modes of milling, drilling, grinding and the like, and the material reducing processing can be carried out under an ultrasonic auxiliary condition (namely that sound waves are used for melting metal sheets layer by layer).

S5 specifically comprises the following steps: carrying out laser cleaning on the surfaces of machined parts (the same workpiece and a workpiece to be machined) to remove surface residues; the laser cleaning adopts line laser, and can quickly complete the cleaning of the workpiece.

And S6, circularly performing the steps S2-S5 until the machining is finished.

Referring to fig. 3, the composite equipment for increasing and decreasing the equal material processing in the embodiment of the invention is shown, and comprises a laser cladding device, a laser forging device, a material decreasing processing device, a laser cleaning device and a workbench movement mechanism.

The workbench movement mechanism comprises an X axis 2, a Y axis 21, a Z axis 3, an A axis 14 and a C axis 15, and the workpiece 11 is arranged on the C axis 15; the continuous laser generator 12 and the short pulse laser generator 13 are respectively connected with the cladding nozzle 8 and the forging laser vibrating mirror group 4, the forging laser vibrating mirror group 4 is positioned on the right side of the spindle box 7, and the forging laser follows the cladding laser through a vibrating mirror; the powder feeder 8 sends powder to a cladding nozzle 8 through a powder feeding pipe 9, and an infrared temperature sensor 10 is arranged on the left side of the cladding nozzle 8; the cladding nozzle 8, the material reducing machining tool 16 and the laser cleaning head 18 are respectively arranged in a rotary tool magazine 17; all detection devices are connected with a data acquisition device 19 below the rotary tool magazine and can be connected with the main shaft 5 for function conversion; the detection signal is transmitted to the numerical control machining center 1 through the data acquisition device 19, and is fed back to the movement mechanism after data processing; the cleaning laser 20 is positioned below the data acquisition device 19; and a cooling liquid nozzle 6 is arranged at the bottom of the left side of the main spindle box.

In the laser cladding process, the temperature of the cladding layer is measured through the infrared temperature sensor 10, the material in the temperature window is subjected to laser forging and is subjected to cladding laser, the defects in the cladding material are reduced, and the strength of the material is improved.

In the compound equipment, the interior of the compound equipment is an inert gas environment; the cutting fluid can be filtered by a circulating device and then reused, and the spindle 5 is connected with a corresponding functional device in the rotary tool magazine 17 every time one working procedure is replaced.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. A material processing device such as increase or decrease, characterized in that it includes:

Laser cladding module, including laser cladding nozzle and powder feeder;

Laser forging module, including laser galvanometer and temperature sensor;

Subtractive machining module, including machining tools and cutting fluid nozzles;

Laser cleaning module, including laser cleaning head;

Table motion module, including headstock and multi-axis table;

The laser cladding module is used to perform laser cladding on the workpiece to be processed;

The laser forging module is linked with the laser cladding module to determine the position of the cladding material that meets the temperature according to the temperature sensor, and the laser galvanometer performs laser forging on the cladding material;

The material reduction processing module is used to perform material reduction processing on the workpiece to be processed that has completed at least one cladding;

The laser cleaning module is used to perform laser cleaning on the workpiece to be processed that has completed at least one reduction process;

The multi-axis table is used to move the headstock.

2 . The device for processing materials such as increase and decrease according to claim 1 , wherein the laser cladding module comprises a continuous laser. 3 .

3. The device for processing materials such as increase and decrease according to claim 1, wherein the laser forging module includes a short-pulse laser, and the corresponding laser parameters include: the pulse width is 10-20ns, and the energy density is greater than 5GW/cm2 .

4. The device for processing materials such as increase and decrease according to claim 1, wherein the worktable movement module comprises a setting table for storing the laser cladding nozzle, the processing tool and the laser cleaning head;

also includes a control box for controlling the multi-axis worktable and the headstock;

The spindle box realizes function switching by replacing the laser cladding spray head, the processing tool and the laser cleaning head.

5 . The material processing device for increasing and decreasing according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature sensor is an infrared temperature sensor. 6 .

6 . The material processing device for increasing or decreasing materials according to claim 1 , wherein the material reduction processing module further comprises a cutting fluid circulating filter unit. 7 .

7 . The apparatus for processing materials such as increase and decrease according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-axis table is provided with an X axis, a Y axis, a Z axis, an A axis and a C axis. 8 .

8 . The apparatus for processing materials such as increase and decrease according to claim 1 , wherein the laser cleaning module performs laser cleaning by a pulsed line laser. 9 .

9 . The device for processing materials such as increase and decrease according to claim 4 , wherein the mounting table is a rotary tool magazine. 10 .

10. A control method for a processing device for increasing or decreasing materials, characterized in that it includes:

The workpiece to be processed is cladding according to the preset process parameters;

While cladding is formed, the position of the cladding material that meets the temperature is determined, and the cladding material is laser forged;

After completing the laser cladding of the preset number of layers, perform subtraction;

Perform laser cleaning.