CN109802190A - A kind of battery pack multiple target charging method - Google Patents
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电池组多目标充电方法，包括电池充电模型及参数获取和电池多目标优化充电方法两个部分；通过不同倍率、不同SOC状态下的电池特征参数提取，插值得到电池特征参数集；然后建立电池温度估计模型估计电池充电过程中的最大温度差；最后以电池总体充电时间最短和充电温度变化差最小为目标对每个5％SOC充入电量内的电流进行优化，从而实现在充电时间尽量短的前提下尽量减小充电温度变化的目的。本发明适用于电动汽车、储能系统以及电动工具等电池单体和成组应用。
The invention discloses a multi-objective charging method for a battery pack, which includes two parts: a battery charging model and parameter acquisition and a battery multi-objective optimization charging method; the battery characteristic parameters are obtained by interpolation and extraction of battery characteristic parameters under different magnifications and different SOC states. Then, the battery temperature estimation model is established to estimate the maximum temperature difference during the battery charging process; finally, the current charged into each 5% SOC is optimized to achieve the shortest overall battery charging time and the smallest charging temperature change difference. The purpose of reducing the change of charging temperature as much as possible under the premise of short charging time. The invention is suitable for battery cells and group applications such as electric vehicles, energy storage systems and electric tools.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optimization charging methods of battery temperature estimation and charging time double goal, and in particular to Yi Zhong electricity
Pond group multiple target charging method.
Background technique
Due to being restricted by factors such as manufacturing process, calendar aging, charging and discharging currents size and use environment temperature,
It inevitably will appear property difference between power battery monomer.And battery cell property difference will cause after long-term use
The electricity of battery cell is unbalanced.
For series-connected cell group, the unbalanced active volume for directly resulting in battery pack of monomer electricity is reduced, and
The charge-discharge electric power characteristic of battery pack is had an impact.In addition, the battery pack of the unbalanced monomer series-connected composition of electricity is filled in circulation
It also will cause inconsistent, the aggravation cell degradation difference of heat and temperature in discharge process.Possibly even occur under extreme case
The safety problem of thermal runaway.It is often found in periodic maintenance because the electricity of battery is unbalanced and is being more than the item of certain threshold value
Equilibrium is carried out under part, therefore series-connected cell group easily occurs in the case where charging under electricity imbalance.
In order to guarantee that it is safe that battery pack uses, needing to estimate battery temperature in battery pack charging process and adjust charging electricity
Stream, to improve battery charging security and reliability.The prior art pays close attention to single battery charge efficiency, time and temperature rise mostly
Problem refers to that balanced is also concern equalizing circuit structure and control method, and rare series-connected cell group of mentioning considers temperature not
Balancing battery group charging method.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of battery pack multiple target charging methods, solve the unbalanced monomer of electricity and constitute string
The optimization charging problems for joining the considerations of battery pack is not when having equilibrium condition temperature, avoid occurring monomer excess temperature in charging process
Or temperature unevenness cause cell degradation degree it is inconsistent the problems such as.
Realize the technical solution of the object of the invention are as follows: a kind of unbalanced method for charging battery pack for considering temperature, including with
Lower step:
Step 1, it carries out testing within the scope of 5%-90%SOC by the HPPC at interval of 5%SOC under different multiplying, obtain
Ohmic internal resistance needed for battery model, polarization resistance, polarization capacity and open-circuit voltage parameter；
Step 2, battery SOC is estimated using current integration method, obtain each parameter and rate of charge in battery model,
The relation curve of SOC；
Step 3, model real-time estimation battery temperature is estimated in conjunction with battery temperature；
Step 4, using multiobjective optimal control strategy, combined charge limiting factor, with the charging time is short and charging process
Middle temperature difference is small to optimize charging process for target, so that it is determined that the charging current in each 5%SOC charging section.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
(1) the present invention provides series-connected cell groups considers the charging method of temperature, Neng Goubao in the unbalanced situation of electricity
Card still is able to safe charging in the unbalanced situation of battery electric quantity, and this method adjusts charging current according to temperature change,
Reduction heat is simple and practical to reduce battery temperature, has general applicability；
(2) charging method when battery electric quantity proposed by the invention is unbalanced, it is ensured that monomer maximum temperature is not
More than 60 DEG C, guarantee that maximum temperature difference is lower than 5 DEG C in battery pack；The inconsistent wind of cell degradation caused by reduction charging temperature is excessively high
Danger reduces the risk of charging thermal runaway.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that charging HPPC tests current curve diagram.
Fig. 2 is the unbalanced battery pack charging flow figure for considering temperature.
Fig. 3 is that battery temperature estimates model emulation and experimental result picture.
Fig. 4 is to consider the forward position Pareto that each factor determines and the ideal solution schematic diagram obtained by TOPSIS algorithm.
Specific embodiment
A kind of battery pack multiple target charging method of the invention, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, it carries out testing within the scope of 5%-90%SOC by the HPPC at interval of 5%SOC under different multiplying, obtain
Ohmic internal resistance needed for battery model, polarization resistance, polarization capacity and open-circuit voltage parameter；
Step 2, battery SOC is estimated using current integration method, respectively obtains each parameter and charging in battery model
The relation curve of multiplying power, SOC；Each parameter includes above-mentioned ohmic internal resistance, polarization resistance, polarization capacity and open circuit in battery model
Voltage parameter；
Step 3, model real-time estimation battery temperature is estimated in conjunction with battery temperature；
Step 4, using multiobjective optimal control strategy, combined charge limiting factor is (above and below maximum charging current, voltage
Limit, battery temperature), with the charging time is short and charging process in temperature difference is small optimizes for target to charging process, thus really
Charging current in fixed each 5%SOC charging section, is realized to the excellent of the battery pack charging process of unbalanced monomer series-connected composition
Change.
Before carrying out charging optimization, firstly, carrying out battery HPPC test under different multiplying, obtain under different current stresses
Battery data.Then, the experimental data in different multiplying and SOC interval range these obtained carries out parameter identification,
Discrete model parameter is obtained, and interpolation processing is carried out to these parameters.Third step is established battery temperature estimation model, is obtained
Temperature curve in the case of different charging currents in battery charging process and the maximum temperature difference during this.Finally, with
Charging time is short and charging temperature difference it is small be optimization aim, the charging current in charging process is optimized.
Further, step 1 specifically:
Battery cell carries out one cycle charge and discharge first, and constant current-constant pressure reaches low cutoff electricity full of rear constant-current discharge
Pressure measures battery capacity Q；Stand 1 hour it is above after carry out charging HPPC test, using least squares identification internal charging resistance with
OCV-SOC curve；
Step 1-1 after being filled with 5% electricity of battery capacity with 1C multiplying power, stands 2 hours；Record battery terminal voltage conduct
The open-circuit voltage OCV of the point；
Step 1-2, particular power electric discharge 10s, stands 40s, 0.75 times of charging 10s of identical particular power；
Step 1-3, return step 1-1, carry out circulation 10%, and the pulse power of 15%, 20% ... 90%SOC state is surveyed
Examination terminates when any time monomer voltage is more than charging upper limit blanking voltage during step 1-1 or step 1-2；Fig. 1 is
HPPC tests current curve under 1C charge-discharge magnification.
Step 1-4 repeats step 1-1~1-3 under different multiplying, obtains HPPC test result under different multiplying.
Further, the HPPC test result for the different multiplying that step 2 is obtained using step 1, passes through current integration method meter
Calculation obtains SOC value, and identification is obtained using SOC as x-axis respectively, using rate of charge as y-axis, respectively using Ro, Rp, Cp, OCV as z-axis
Corresponding three-dimensional figure is established, and is obtained using the method for linear interpolation at interval of 5%SOC and is inserted at interval of the correspondence of 1A electric current
It is worth three-dimensional figure.Specifically:
The SOC of each single battery is estimated according to following formula:
Wherein subscript k represents k monomer, n and 0 respectively represent any time in k-th of monomer charging stage and it is initial when
It carves；SOCk,0Indicate the SOC of k monomer charging initial time, I is charging current, and Q is battery capacity.SOCk,0It can be 2 hours with standing
Above OCV is by searching for the acquisition of SOC-OCV homologous thread.
Using HPPC test data, obtain at interval of the open-circuit voltage OCV under 5%SOC state, ohmic internal resistance Ro, polarization
Internal resistance Rp and polarization capacity Cp information.Obtain using SOC as x-axis (from SOC5% to 90%), using multiplying power as y-axis with Ro, Rp,
The corresponding three-dimensional figure of Cp, OCV, and obtained using the method for linear interpolation at interval of 5%SOC and inserted at interval of the correspondence of 1A electric current
It is worth three-dimensional figure, facilitates later reading data.Fig. 2 is that each parameter changes with SOC under the different rate of charge that HPPC test obtains
Curve graph.
Further, step 3 calculates the specific steps of each monomer temperature are as follows:
Battery equation of heat balance is
Wherein m is battery quality, and C is battery thermal capacity, TsFor battery surface temperature, here it is considered that single battery surface temperature
Spend uniform, QgFor battery heat power, QdFor battery heat radiation power；
Qg=I2R (2)
Wherein I is charging current, and R is the equivalent internal charging resistance obtained in step 1, and value is equal in ohmic internal resistance and polarization
The sum of resistance；
Qd=hA (Ts-Ta) (3)
Wherein h is heat transfer coefficient, and A is battery surface product, TaFor environment temperature；
According to formula (1)-(3), linear differential equation is solved, previous moment temperature computation current time temperature iteration is passed through
Formula；
Wherein TsampleFor the sampling time, p indicates pth time sampling.Fig. 3 is that battery temperature estimates model and experiment actual measurement number
According to figure.
Further, the objective function of Multipurpose Optimal Method and constraint condition are as follows in step 4:
The objective function expression formula is
minJw=w1Cct+w2Ctm。
C in objective functionctFor time needed for charging process, CtmFor the temperature that battery in charging process rises, w1To fill
The weight coefficient of the electric function of time, w2For the weight coefficient for the temperature rise function that charges；
Cct=g1(I,U,SOC)
Ctm=g2(m,I,C,A,Ta)
In formula, U indicates charging voltage；SOC indicates battery charge state.
The constraint condition is embodied in following three aspects:
1) charging time and equalized temperature: when battery temperature is lower than first threshold, using the electric current for being greater than given threshold
Charging；When battery temperature is higher than second threshold, reduce current charging current；
2) charging voltage and restriction of current: it is permitted most that the voltage and current in each battery charging process should be maintained at battery
In big upper and lower limits；
3) state-of-charge constrains: SOC should be kept within the set range in battery charging process.
4) battery temperature constrains: the own temperature in battery charging process should be not higher than permission maximum temperature.
Further, in step 4, the optimization algorithm, optimization aim more than one, including charging time it is short and
Charge the small two conflicting targets of temperature rise, i.e., each stage charging current can shorten the charging time when big, but will bring
The big problem of temperature rise.
Multi-objective optimization question in step 4 can be found although can not obtain two targets all takes optimal solution
One group of Pareto optimal for taking into account two targets.The forward position Pareto is obtained, the functional value curve under two targets, such as Fig. 4 are obtained
It is shown.
Final prioritization scheme determines on the basis of obtaining the forward position Pareto, using TOPSIS algorithm, when finding charging
Between charging temperature rise between ideal solution, the specific steps of which are as follows:
(1) by charging process temperature rise and the charging time respectively correspond y-axis and x-axis, it is possible thereby to construct one 2 dimension
Space, then each Pareto optimal just corresponds to a coordinate points in 2 dimension spaces according to its data；
(2) optimal value (ideal solution, the corresponding optimal seat of the index are selected from all Pareto optimals for indices
Punctuate) and worst-case value (minus ideal result, corresponding worst coordinate points), the coordinate points for successively finding out each Pareto optimal arrive most respectively
The distance d of excellent coordinate points and worst coordinate points*And d0。
(3) evaluation reference value is constructed
Then bigger to represent evaluation result more excellent for f value.
Clearly and completely illustrated below in conjunction with attached drawing technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is specifically described by taking ferric phosphate lithium cell group as an example below.
Several battery cells are selected, carry out a standard cycle charge and discharge, constant current-first, in accordance with the handbook that producer provides
Constant pressure (CC-CV) reaches low cutoff voltage full of rear constant-current discharge, measures battery capacity Q；Fig. 1 is pressed after standing 1 hour or more
Shown method carries out charging HPPC test.Parameter acquisition procedure are as follows:
(1) after being filled with 5% electricity of battery capacity with 1C multiplying power, 2 hours are stood.Battery terminal voltage is recorded as the point
Open-circuit voltage OCV；
(2) with 1C multiplying power discharging 10s, 40s, 0.75C multiplying power charging 10s are stood；
(3) return step (1) carries out circulation 10%, the pulse power test of 15%, 20% ... 90%SOC state
HPPC terminates when any time monomer voltage is more than charging upper limit blanking voltage during (1) or (2).
(4) with different charge-discharge magnification 0.3C, 0.5C, 2C, 3C, 4C, the above-mentioned experimentation of 5C repetition, acquisition different multiplying
Lower HPPC test experiments data.
Using TOPSIS algorithm, for the charging time is short and small two targets of charging process temperature rise, from the forward position Pareto
Carry out scheme optimizing, so that it is determined that the charging current in each 5%SOC charging section.
Before starting to battery pack charging, the SOC of each monomer is obtained using step 2, as maximum SOC < 20%, just
Beginning charging current is set as 1C multiplying power, when charging reaches SOC >=40%, with the charging of 0.3C multiplying power；As maximum SOC >=80%,
Initial charge current is 0.1C multiplying power.
During charging carries out, using the temperature of each batteries monomer of the method real-time estimation of step 3, when estimation obtains
Monomer maximum temperature when being higher than 60 DEG C or battery pack maximum temperature difference and being higher than 5 DEG C, charging current multiplying power continues after reducing 0.2C
Charging.If reaching above-mentioned restrictive condition again, continuing, which reduces 0.2C charging current, charges.In battery pack charging process
Any time, when any monomer voltage reaches the upper limit blanking voltage charging terminate, wherein charging upper limit blanking voltage be battery
Charge ceiling voltage as defined in manufacturer's handbook.
By the analysis to battery parameter changing rule under different stress in the present embodiment, in conjunction with battery temperature real-time estimation
Model realizes the battery pack charging process to unbalanced monomer series-connected composition by optimizing the charging current in the different sections SOC
Optimization.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of battery pack multiple target charging method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, it carries out testing within the scope of 5%-90%SOC by the HPPC at interval of 5%SOC under different multiplying, obtains battery
Ohmic internal resistance needed for model, polarization resistance, polarization capacity and open-circuit voltage parameter；
Step 2, battery SOC is estimated using current integration method, obtains each parameter and rate of charge, SOC in battery model
Relation curve；
Step 3, model real-time estimation battery temperature is estimated in conjunction with battery temperature；
Step 4, using multiobjective optimal control strategy, combined charge limiting factor, with the charging time is short and charging process medium temperature
Degree difference is small to optimize charging process for target, so that it is determined that the charging current in each 5%SOC charging section.
2. battery multiple target charging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 1 specifically:
Battery cell carries out one cycle charge and discharge first, and constant current-constant pressure reaches low cutoff voltage full of rear constant-current discharge, surveys
Determine battery capacity Q；Charging HPPC test is carried out after standing 1 hour or more, using least squares identification internal charging resistance and OCV-
SOC curve；
Step 1-1 after being filled with 5% electricity of battery capacity with 1C multiplying power, stands 2 hours；Battery terminal voltage is recorded as the point
Open-circuit voltage OCV；
Step 1-2, particular power electric discharge 10s, stands 40s, 0.75 times of charging 10s of identical particular power；
Step 1-3, return step 1-1 carry out circulation 10%, and the pulse power of 15%, 20% ... 90%SOC state is tested,
Terminate when any time monomer voltage is more than charging upper limit blanking voltage during step 1-1 or step 1-2；
Step 1-4 repeats step 1-2~step 1-3 under different multiplying, obtains HPPC test result under different multiplying.
3. battery multiple target charging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2 specifically:
Using the HPPC test result for the different multiplying that step 1 obtains, SOC value is calculated by current integration method, is distinguished respectively
Knowledge is obtained using SOC as x-axis, using rate of charge as y-axis, establishes corresponding three-dimensional figure by z-axis of Ro, Rp, Cp, OCV respectively,
And it is obtained using the method for linear interpolation at interval of 5%SOC and at interval of the correspondence interpolation three-dimensional figure of 1A electric current.
4. battery multiple target charging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 3 calculates each monomer temperature
Specific steps are as follows:
Battery equation of heat balance is
Wherein m is battery quality, and C is battery thermal capacity, TsFor battery surface temperature, QgFor battery heat power, QdIt is dissipated for battery
Thermal power；
Qg=I2R (2)
Wherein I is charging current, and R is the equivalent internal charging resistance that obtains in step 1, value be equal to ohmic internal resistance and polarization resistance it
With；
Qd=hA (Ts-Ta) (3)
Wherein h is heat transfer coefficient, and A is battery surface product, TaFor environment temperature；
According to formula (1)-(3), linear differential equation is solved, it is public by previous moment temperature computation current time temperature iteration
Formula；
Wherein TsampleFor the sampling time, p indicates pth time sampling.
5. battery pack multiple target charging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that limitation of charging described in step 4
Factor includes maximum charging current, voltage bound and battery temperature.
6. battery pack multiple target charging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that multiple-objection optimization side in step 4
The objective function and constraint condition of method are as follows:
Objective function expression formula is
minJw=w1Cct+w2Ctm。
C in objective functionctFor time needed for charging process, CtmFor the temperature that battery in charging process rises, w1When to charge
Between function weight coefficient, w2For the weight coefficient for the temperature rise function that charges；
Cct=g1(I,U,SOC)
Ctm=g2(m,I,C,A,Ta)
In formula, U indicates charging voltage, and SOC indicates battery charge state.
Constraint condition including the following three aspects:
1) it charging time and equalized temperature: when battery temperature is lower than first threshold, is charged using the electric current for being greater than given threshold；
When battery temperature is higher than second threshold, reduce current charging current；
2) charging voltage and restriction of current: the voltage and current in each battery charging process should be maintained in the permitted maximum of battery
In lower range；
3) state-of-charge constrains: SOC should be kept within the set range in battery charging process；
4) battery temperature constrains: the own temperature in battery charging process should be not higher than permission maximum temperature.
7. battery multiple target charging method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: in step 4, the optimization is calculated
Method, optimization aim include that the charging time is short and charging temperature rise is small, on the basis of obtaining the forward position Pareto, are calculated using TOPSIS
Method, the ideal solution for finding the charging time between temperature rise of charging, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) by charging process temperature rise and the charging time respectively correspond y-axis and x-axis, thus construct 2 dimension spaces, then
Each Pareto optimal just corresponds to a coordinate points in 2 dimension spaces according to its data；
(2) optimal value and worst-case value for selecting the index from all Pareto optimals for indices, successively find out each
The coordinate points of Pareto optimal arrive the distance d of optimum coordinates point and worst coordinate points respectively*And d0；
(3) evaluation reference value is constructed:
Then bigger to represent evaluation result more excellent for f value.
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| CN110492572A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-22 | 联动天翼新能源有限公司 | A kind of the fast charge method and fast charge control system of lithium battery |
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