CN109745077A - A method for detecting elastic properties based on focused ultrasonic vibro-acoustic signals - Google Patents
A method for detecting elastic properties based on focused ultrasonic vibro-acoustic signals Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于聚焦超声声振信号的弹性特性检测方法，所采用的检测系统包括信号发生器、超声脉冲收发器、功率放大器、激励探头、跟踪探头、NI采集卡和计算机，通过激发激励探头，使其在聚焦区域产生ARF，引起聚焦区域介质的振动，进而发射二次超声波，检测二次超声波的幅值信息，评估介质的弹性特性。
The invention relates to an elastic characteristic detection method based on a focused ultrasonic acoustic vibration signal. The adopted detection system includes a signal generator, an ultrasonic pulse transceiver, a power amplifier, an excitation probe, a tracking probe, an NI acquisition card and a computer. The probe generates ARF in the focal area, causes the vibration of the medium in the focal area, and then emits secondary ultrasonic waves, detects the amplitude information of the secondary ultrasonic waves, and evaluates the elastic properties of the medium.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Ultrasonic Elasticity Imaging field, relate to the use of the twice ultrasonic for focusing ultrasonic acoustic radiation force excitation
The method of wave signal detection dielectric resilient characteristic, it is especially a kind of based on the elastic characteristic detection side for focusing ultrasonic sound and vibration signal
Method.
Background technique
The elastic characteristic of biological tissue is mechanical attribute intrinsic in organism, and different biological tissues is (especially in human body
Pathological tissues) in the elastic characteristic of each section have differences, some pathological phenomenons and physiological activity can cause biological tissue
The variation of elastic characteristic, therefore biological tissue carries physiology and pathological information abundant.Palpation (Palpation) is to pass the most
System for one of the method that diagnoses biological tissue elasticity characteristic, this method is simple to operation, but its diagnostic result significantly according to
Rely the subjective judgement ability of Yu doctor, and when lesion is too small or positioned at the deeper position of body, it is impossible to be detected.
Ultrasonic wave causes the variation of energy density due to the effects such as absorbing and reflecting in the communication process of biological tissue,
Thus acoustic radiation force (AcousticRadiationForce, ARF) is generated.ARF is applied to tissue, can generate axial compression
It stretches, and then generates displacement, while generating the shearing wave laterally propagated.By calculating axial displacement, or detection shearing wave wave
The information such as speed assess the elastic characteristic parameter of tissue.Nineteen ninety, Sugimoto (T Sugimoto, S Ueha andKItoh,
Tissue hardness measurement using the radiation force of focused ultrasound,
" IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics ", 1990,171591) for the first time using the ARF of focusing ultrasonic wave generation to tissue
Hardness assessed.In recent years, the elastic characteristic detection method based on ARF excitation has become the hot topic in ultrasound medicine field
Project.
Currently based on the research of the Ultrasonic elasticity detection method of ARF excitation, mainly can be summarized as follows:
1, the excitation based on transient state ARF, the shearing wave for making focal zone that local displacement occur and laterally propagate, utilizes ARF
The displacement that the ultrasound echo signal computation organization of excitation front and back occurs, estimates its elastic characteristic；
2, the excitation based on transient state ARF, the shearing wave for making focal zone that local displacement occur and laterally propagate are total by magnetic
The technologies such as vibration are monitored the propagation of shearing wave, realize the quantitative analysis to biological tissue elasticity characteristic；
3, the excitation based on harmonic wave ARF is made focal zone generate harmonic vibration, and then outside radiative acoustic wave, is listened using water
The equipment such as device detect the information such as amplitude and the phase of sound wave, assess the elastic characteristic of tissue.
The local displacement for motivating using transient state ARF and calculating focal zone and occurring is referred in document at present, 2000, the U.S. shut out
The Nightingale leader of gram university study group (K R Nightingale, R W Nightingale, M L Palmeri,
and G E Trahey,A Finite Element Model ofRemote Palpation ofBreast Lesions
Using Radiation Force:FactorsAffecting Tissue Displacement,《Ultrasonic
Imaging ", 2000,22:35-54) displacement of tissue caused by ARF is studied for the first time, using traditional method (Doppler/
Pulse echo detection displacement) the histogenetic displacement of detection, estimate its elastic characteristic, and propose the factor for influencing displacement.
2005, United States Patent (USP) (US 20050215899A1) disclosed a kind of method and system about ARFI imaging.
Referred in document at present using transient state ARF motivate monitoring shearing wave propagation, 1998, Sarvazyan (A P
Sarvazyan,O V Rudenko,S D Swanson,J B Fowlkes and S Y Emelianov,Shear wave
elasticity imaging:a new ultrasonic technology of medical diagnostics,
" Ultrasound in Medicine&Biology ", 1998,24:1419-1435) it is put forward for the first time shearing wave elastograph imaging method
(ShearWave Elasticity Imaging,SWEI).This method focuses ultrasound with high-intensitive sound pressure signal excitation and changes
Energy device, the ARF of generation act on tissue, and the shearing wave for making it generate length travel and laterally propagate utilizes mr techniques pair
The propagation of shearing wave is monitored, to realize the quantitative analysis to biological tissue elasticity characteristic.
It refers in document and being motivated using harmonic wave ARF at present, detection information of acoustic wave caused by vibrating, 1998, Fatemi
Et al. (M Fatemi and J F Greenleaf, Ultrasound-StimulatedVibro-Acoustic
Spectrography, " Science ", 1998,280:82-85) it proposes acoustic vibration imaging method and has been experimentally confirmed this
The feasibility of method.This method has the small frequency difference Δ f (sinusoidal signal of generally several hundred Hz to tens of kHz) point using two
Not Ji Li two confocal ultrasonic transducers cause tissue to generate so that generating the ARF of periodical low-frequency oscillation in focal zone
Harmonic vibration, and then radiation frequency is the sound wave of Δ f outward, this sound wave contains the elastic information of focal zone tissue simultaneously
Harmony dampening information assesses the resilient property of tissue using information such as the amplitude of hydrophone detection sound wave and phases.Beauty in 2010
State's patent (007785259 B2 of US) discloses the method for vibration acoustic imaging.
In the research of the existing elastic characteristic detection based on transient state ARF excitation, pumping signal timing includes three parts: first
It first needs to excite tracking probe, obtains the ultrasonic measurement signal of tested region initial position；Then excite incentive probe, make its
Focal zone generates ARF, the shearing wave for generating length travel and laterally propagating；Tracking probe is finally excited again, is tested
Region be subjected to displacement after ultrasonic measurement signal.Two groups of ultrasonic measurement signals are handled using cross-correlation scheduling algorithm, are obtained
The information such as histogenetic displacement or shearing velocity of wave propagation, assess the resilient property of focal zone.It can be seen by above-mentioned steps
Out, this method step is relatively more, and the time needed is longer；Due to caused by this method displacement be micron order, this method compared with
The measuring system of high sample frequency, or increase data volume using technologies such as up-samplings；And its resolution ratio detected depends on
Different algorithms, the factors such as different parameter selection.And the existing method based on harmonic wave ARF excitation directly detects vibration of media
The low-frequency sound wave of excitation is decayed slower, therefore resolution ratio with higher since the frequency of sound wave is very low, but in this method
Harmonic wave ARF needs to be motivated simultaneously by two confocal ultrasonic transducers with small frequency difference or the method for amplitude modulation generates,
Confocal ultrasonic transducer structures are complicated, and two beam ultrasonic waves can generate standing wave during propagation, influence the precision of detection；Make
When with amplitude modulation method, energy modulation occurs in the whole surface of sensor, the ARF of oscillation can generate the surface of sensor
It influences.
Summary of the invention
It is a kind of based on the elastic characteristic detection method for focusing ultrasonic sound and vibration signal, reduction pair it is an object of the invention to propose
The requirement of measuring system simplifies detecting step, quickly detects dielectric resilient characteristic in real time, improves the inspection of biological tissue elasticity characteristic
The resolution ratio of survey.To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of elastic characteristic detection method based on the ultrasonic sound and vibration signal of focusing, used detection system include signal hair
Raw device, ultrasonic pulse transceiver, power amplifier, incentive probe, tracking probe, data collecting card and computer, pass through excitation
Incentive probe makes it generate ARF in focal zone, causes the vibration of focal zone medium, and then emit twice ultrasonic wave, detection
The amplitude information of twice ultrasonic wave assesses the elastic characteristic of medium, and the method includes the steps of:
(1) focal length and focal spot size for measuring incentive probe, determine opposite between incentive probe, tracking probe and medium
Position guarantees that the plane of incentive probe and tracking probe is parallel with dielectric surface；Incentive probe is vertical with tracking probe puts for selection
The scheme set；
(2) equipment connects, and measures the ultrasonic wave velocity of sound propagated in water and the velocity of sound propagated in the medium；Signal occurs
The signal that device generates, for exciting incentive probe after power amplifier amplification；
(3) tracking probe position is adjusted, is located on the short axle extended line of incentive probe focal spot；
(4) incentive probe is excited using single-frequency signals, generates ARF in focal zone, causes vibration of media, and poly-
Burnt region excites twice ultrasonic wave, which is able to reflect the elastic information of medium；
(5) tracking probe receives twice ultrasonic wave signal, which amplifies by ultrasonic pulse transceiver, collected super
Acoustic signals are admitted to computer；
(6) index of the amplitude p (d, ω) of twice ultrasonic wave signal as assessment dielectric resilient characteristic is extracted；
(7) the Young's modulus E (o of focal zone medium is calculated according to following equation1):
Wherein, υ is the Poisson's ratio of medium, and ρ is the density of medium, and ω is the angular speed of vibration, the center with incentive probe
Frequency dependence, d are oscillation point o1With test point o2The distance between, c is ultrasonic velocity, θ o1、o2Line and focal zone it is long
The angle of axis, Farf(o1) it is the acoustic radiation force for focusing ultrasonic wave and being generated in focal zone due to energy variation,
Wherein α is the attenuation coefficient propagated in the medium of ultrasonic wave, and I is the sound intensity, square directly proportional to acoustic pressure.
The present invention excites incentive probe compared with traditional Ultrasonic elasticity Characteristics Detection technology, using single-frequency signals,
The influence for avoiding standing wave during harmonic wave ARF is motivated, improves the resolution ratio of detection；Due to need to only detect by the two of ARF excitation
The information such as the amplitude of secondary ultrasonic signal carry out simple data processing, do not need the reference for obtaining tested region initial position
Information calculates displacement or shear wave velocity etc. using related algorithm, reduces the requirement to measuring system sample frequency, avoid
Algorithms of different and different parameters are influenced caused by testing result precision, are simplified detecting step, are shortened in detection process
The required time is expected to realize the real-time detection to tissue elasticity characteristic.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is system structure diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is operational flowchart of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the principle of the present invention schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is example of the invention, and two to use the present invention to measure contain same concentrations (5%), heterogeneity
(agar and gelatin) imitates the twice ultrasonic wave signal of body.
Specific embodiment
It is subject in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments to of the invention based on the elastic characteristic detection method for focusing ultrasonic sound and vibration signal
Explanation.
By the present invention in that exciting incentive probe with the sound pressure signal of high-energy, generate it in focal zone biggish
ARF causes the vibration of focal zone medium, and then emits twice ultrasonic wave, in conjunction in harmonic wave ARF excitation, uses magnitudes of acoustic waves
The method for detecting dielectric resilient characteristic proposes a kind of method based on the elastic characteristic detection for focusing ultrasonic sound and vibration signal.
System structure diagram based on the elastic characteristic detection method for focusing ultrasonic sound and vibration signal of the invention, such as Fig. 1
It is shown, mainly acquired by signal generator, ultrasonic pulse transceiver, power amplifier, incentive probe, tracking probe and NI
Card is constituted；The signal that the channel signal generator CH1 generates, for exciting incentive probe after power amplifier amplification；It is super
Mode2 (reception pattern) port of ping transceiver is connect with tracking probe, and RF OUT terminal mouth is connect with NI capture card, is used for
The acquisition of experimental data.Furthermore the signal that the channel signal generator CH2 generates connects NI capture card, for realizing incentive probe
The positioning of excitation instant.Operational flowchart based on the elastic characteristic detection method for focusing ultrasonic sound and vibration signal is as shown in Fig. 2, big
Can generally following steps be divided into:
1, establish model, measure the focal length and focal spot size of incentive probe, determine incentive probe, tracking probe and medium it
Between relative position.
Using the focal length and focal spot size of hydrophone measurement incentive probe, guarantee the plane of incentive probe and tracking probe with
Dielectric surface is parallel, and incentive probe is disposed vertically with tracking probe.The twice ultrasonic wave amplitude due to caused by ARF and excitation swash
The sound pressure signal amplitude of probe is encouraged compared to smaller, if tracking probe is staggered relatively with incentive probe, what tracking probe received
Transmission signal can flood the twice ultrasonic wave signal of generation, and detection is caused to fail, therefore incentive probe and tracking probe is selected to hang down
The scheme directly placed.
2, equipment connects, and measures the ultrasonic wave velocity of sound propagated in water and the velocity of sound propagated in the medium.
It is connect first using mode1 (internal loopback mode) port of ultrasonic pulse transceiver with incentive probe, measurement is simultaneously
Calculate the ultrasonic wave velocity of sound propagated in water and the velocity of sound propagated in the medium.The detection system of this method is mainly sent out by signal
Raw device, ultrasonic pulse transceiver, power amplifier, incentive probe, tracking probe and oscillograph are constituted.Signal generator CH1
The signal that channel generates, for exciting incentive probe after power amplifier amplification；The mode2 of ultrasonic pulse transceiver
(reception pattern) port is connect with tracking probe, and RF OUT terminal mouth is connect with NI capture card, the acquisition for experimental data.Furthermore
The signal that the channel signal generator CH2 generates connects oscillograph, for realizing the positioning of incentive probe excitation instant.Wherein with
Hydrophone replacement can be used in track probe, is same as the detection of ultrasonic signal.
3, tracking probe position is adjusted, is located on the short axle extended line of incentive probe focal spot.
The position for adjusting tracking probe, is located on incentive probe focal spot short axle extended line, when tracking probe receives
Signal maximum when, adjustment finishes.
4, the amplitude and timing of excitation incentive probe signal are determined, tracking probe does not excite.
The centre frequency that the channel signal generator CH1 generates is 1MHz, and duration 5us, PRF are 500Hz (2ms)
Sine wave signal, peak-to-peak value is 80V after amplifying by power amplifier；It is 1MHz that the channel CH2, which generates centre frequency, and PRF is
The monocycle square-wave signal of 500Hz (2ms).
5, the signal excitation incentive probe determined using step 4 channel signal generator CH1 generates ARF in focal zone,
And cause vibration of media, twice ultrasonic wave is excited in focal zone.
Ultrasonic wave causes the variation of energy density due to the effects such as absorbing and reflecting in the communication process of biological tissue,
Thus acoustic radiation force (Acoustic Radiation Force, ARF) is generated, expression formula is
Wherein α is the attenuation coefficient of tissue, and c is ultrasonic velocity, and I is the sound intensity, is proportional to acoustic pressure p0Square, i.e.,
Wherein ρ is Media density.
ARF acts on focal zone, so that focal zone vibrates, and then surrounding medium is caused to excite sound field, such as Fig. 3
Shown, wherein amplitude A can be expressed as
Wherein ZmFor the mechanical impedance of medium, it is expressed as Zm=ρ cT, cTBullet for the shear-wave velocity of medium, with medium
Property characteristic is related, is expressed asυ is the Poisson's ratio of medium, for the elastic constant for reflecting medium transversely deforming.
Since method of the invention is non-intrusion type, i.e., detected using tracking probe at the far field end of excitation sound field,
Therefore it need to consider the transmission characteristic of ultrasonic wave.Assuming that in focal zone o1The acoustic radiation force size that point generates is FARF(o1), it is located at
o2The acoustic pressure p (d, ω) that the tracking probe at place detects is expressed as
Wherein ω is the angular speed of vibration, related to the centre frequency of incentive probe, and d is oscillation point o1With test point o2It
Between distance, θ o1、o2Line and focal zone long axis angle, T (d) be ultrasonic wave transmission characteristic, be expressed as
Therefore, the relationship between the tracking probe twice ultrasonic wave signal detected and the Young's modulus of medium is
It can be seen that twice ultrasonic wave signal and the square root of medium Young's modulus are inversely proportional, i.e., medium is harder, generation
Ultrasonic signal amplitude is smaller.
6, tracking probe detects the twice ultrasonic wave as caused by step 5.
Tracking probe does not excite, and only receives the twice ultrasonic wave signal as caused by step 5, received ultrasonic signal
Amplify by ultrasonic pulse transceiver, is transferred to NI capture card, gain amplifier 45dB.
7, the ultrasonic signal that processing step 6 detects assesses the elastic characteristic of medium.
The collected data of oscillograph in step 6 are handled, extract the amplitude of ultrasonic signal directly as assessment
The index of dielectric resilient characteristic.But the characteristic value extracted is not limited to the amplitude of signal, can also detect the letter such as its phase, energy
Breath.
The present invention has same concentrations (5%) to two, and the imitative body of heterogeneity (agar and gelatin) carries out experimental verification,
The velocity of sound and the density for being measured water are respectively vWater=1475.1m/s, ρWater=1000kg/m3, the velocity of sound and density of agar are vAgar=
1508.3m/s、ρAgar=966kg/m3, the velocity of sound and density of gelatin are vGelatin=1496.2m/s, ρGelatin=968kg/m3, Ke Yiji
It calculates agar and the acoustic impedance of gelatin and the acoustic impedance of water is approximately equal, and the relationship between the Young's modulus E and concentration C of the two
Respectively EAgar=0.349C1.87、EGelatin=0.0034C2.09, the hardness of the two differs greatly it can be seen from formula.It is detected
The ultrasonic signal arrived is as shown in Figure 4.
Elastic characteristic detection method based on the ultrasonic sound and vibration signal of focusing of the invention, which are mainly applied to biological tissues
Elastic characteristic detection, but can also be applied to other measured medium detections with elastic characteristic.
The present embodiment excites incentive probe using the sound pressure signal of high-energy, it is made to generate biggish ARF in focal zone,
Cause the vibration of focal zone medium, and then emit twice ultrasonic wave, it is super to detect this by using tracking probe (or hydrophone)
The information such as amplitude, phase and the energy of sound wave assess the elastic characteristic of focal zone.Reduce the requirement to measuring system, letter
Change detecting step, quickly detect dielectric resilient characteristic in real time, improves the purpose of the resolution ratio of biological tissue elasticity Characteristics Detection.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of based on the elastic characteristic detection method for focusing ultrasonic sound and vibration signal, used detection system includes signal
Device, ultrasonic pulse transceiver, power amplifier, incentive probe, tracking probe, data collecting card and computer are swashed by exciting
Probe is encouraged, it is made to generate ARF in focal zone, causes the vibration of focal zone medium, and then emit twice ultrasonic wave, detection two
The amplitude information of secondary ultrasonic wave assesses the elastic characteristic of medium.The method includes the steps of:
(1) focal length and focal spot size for measuring incentive probe, determine the opposite position between incentive probe, tracking probe and medium
It sets, guarantees that the plane of incentive probe and tracking probe is parallel with dielectric surface；Selection incentive probe is disposed vertically with tracking probe
Scheme；
(2) equipment connects, and measures the ultrasonic wave velocity of sound propagated in water and the velocity of sound propagated in the medium；Signal generator produces
Raw signal, for exciting incentive probe after power amplifier amplification；
(3) tracking probe position is adjusted, is located on the short axle extended line of incentive probe focal spot；
(4) incentive probe is excited using single-frequency signals, generates ARF in focal zone, causes vibration of media, and in focal zone
Domain excites twice ultrasonic wave, which is able to reflect the elastic information of medium；
(5) tracking probe receives twice ultrasonic wave signal, which amplifies by ultrasonic pulse transceiver, collected ultrasonic wave
Signal is admitted to computer；
(6) index of the amplitude p (d, ω) of twice ultrasonic wave signal as assessment dielectric resilient characteristic is extracted；
(7) the Young's modulus E (o of focal zone medium is calculated according to following equation1):
Wherein, υ is the Poisson's ratio of medium, and ρ is the density of medium, and ω is the angular speed of vibration, the centre frequency with incentive probe
Correlation, d are oscillation point o1With test point o2The distance between, c is ultrasonic velocity, θ o1、o2Line and focal zone it is long
The angle of axis, Farf(o1) it is the acoustic radiation force for focusing ultrasonic wave and being generated in focal zone due to energy variation,
Wherein α is the attenuation coefficient propagated in the medium of ultrasonic wave, and I is the sound intensity, square directly proportional to acoustic pressure.
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| CN110927729A (en) * | 2019-11-09 | 2020-03-27 | 天津大学 | Acoustic radiation force pulse elastography method based on displacement attenuation characteristics |
| CN110927729B (en) * | 2019-11-09 | 2022-04-01 | 天津大学 | Acoustic radiation force pulse elastography method based on displacement attenuation characteristics |
| CN113116381A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 重庆融海超声医学工程研究中心有限公司 | Method for detecting change in property of biological tissue, method for controlling denaturation, and corresponding device |
| CN112168212A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-05 | 西安交通大学 | Transcranial shear wave brain tissue viscoelasticity imaging device |
| CN112168212B (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-12-28 | 西安交通大学 | A transcranial shear wave brain tissue viscoelastic imaging device |
| CN113030816A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-06-25 | 上海交通大学 | Method, system and medium for improving calculation resolution of magnetic resonance elastography modulus |
| CN114224382A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-25 | 重庆医科大学 | Viscoelasticity measurement method and system |
| CN114224382B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-09-15 | 重庆医科大学 | Viscoelasticity measuring method and system thereof |
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