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CN109628117A - Biomass spontaneous heating carbonizing apparatus and its application - Google Patents

Biomass spontaneous heating carbonizing apparatus and its application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109628117A
CN109628117A CN201811563948.2A CN201811563948A CN109628117A CN 109628117 A CN109628117 A CN 109628117A CN 201811563948 A CN201811563948 A CN 201811563948A CN 109628117 A CN109628117 A CN 109628117A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
cavity
air
air inlet
tail gas
biomass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201811563948.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN109628117B (en
Inventor
孙波
陈利军
苏建东
杨举田
蒋瑀霁
王晓玥
王浩田
宗浩
谭效磊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institute of Soil Science of CAS
Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co Ltd
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Institute of Soil Science of CAS
Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201811563948.2A priority Critical patent/CN109628117B/en
Publication of CN109628117A publication Critical patent/CN109628117A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN109628117B publication Critical patent/CN109628117B/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B1/00—Retorts
    • C10B1/02—Stationary retorts
    • C10B1/04—Vertical retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/005—After-treatment of coke, e.g. calcination desulfurization
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Biomass spontaneous heating carbonizing apparatus and its application belong to biomass carbonated technical field.Described device includes charing sealing device, decoking dust-extraction unit, device for absorbing tail gas and temperature sensing control device, the charing sealing device includes cavity, load-bearing pillar and rocker-arm lifting device, the cavity is the hydrostatic column of inner hollow, load-bearing pillar is used for improving material perpendicular to top surface above and below cavity, rocker-arm lifting device.The decoking dust-extraction unit is pulsed bag filter, the decoking dedusting for gas.The device for absorbing tail gas is tail gas absorption tank, for removing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the tail gas after decoking dedusting.The temperature sensing control device includes asbestos plug, digital display type thermometer and nitrogen cylinder, for controlling cavity inner temperature.The charcoal quality of device of the present invention preparation is uniform, can take into account the high-quality and efficient production of product, and described device can spontaneous heat supply, environmental-friendly, the product yield height of preparation.

Description

Biomass spontaneous heating carbonizing apparatus and its application
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomass carbonated technical fields, and in particular to a kind of biomass spontaneous heating carbonizing apparatus and its answer With.
Background technique
The application of charcoal in agricultural production receives much attention always, and biomass carbon is applied into soil can produce soil Raw various beneficial effects, effect are mainly manifested in: being improved soil and exchanged the confinement capabilities of nutrient and cation Amount adjusts soil pH value, improves soil texture and other physical, enhancing retentions capacity of soil, promotion microbial populations in soil Development and enhance edaphon activity, reduce greenhouse gas emission and stable soil organic carbon pool etc..Biology On the one hand the application of charcoal can alleviate the brings environmental pressure such as crop straw burning, the carbon negative effect of another party's charcoal can be enhanced The carbon " remittance " of soil acts on, and alleviates global warming trend, has extremely important Eco-environmental Significance.In recent years, more and more Researcher begin trying to use biomass castoff as raw material to prepare charcoal, each research center and colleges and universities researchers Also it is concentrated in the research of charcoal preparation facilities and technical method one after another.
Currently, traditional biological charcoal method for cooking both at home and abroad, such as: earth kiln is smouldered method, the heat for utilizing biomass combustion to generate Amount is smouldered, and energy consumption is lower, but there is also many shortcomings, as the production cycle is long (period is about one week or so)；It is raw The control of production process conditional is not stringent, and air inlet opens wide when smouldering, and airtightness is poor, there is certain air supply, temperature of smouldering without Method control, inhomogenous at charcoal quality, ash content yield is high, and conversion ratio is lower than 30%；Tail gas is unprocessed, is directly discharged to atmosphere In, cause problem of environmental pollution.New bio charcoal baking furnace, although firing condition control is preferably, prepared charcoal quality It is higher, but electric energy is mostly used to need to consume the biggish energy, production cost is high；Production capacity is smaller simultaneously, has a daily output of several to several Ten kilograms are differed, and can not achieve the production of continuous batch, are unable to satisfy the demand of field production；Dirt produced during the preparation process Metachromia gas is difficult to preferably be controlled, and is easy to produce atmosphere pollution, not can solve between high quality and high efficiency production Contradiction.Also there is the producer of a small amount of industrialized mass production charcoal, but mostly for the purpose of obtaining biomass cracking oil gas, charcoal It is only exported with by-product form, content of ashes high-carbon content is low, it is difficult to be referred to as charcoal truly；Some Enterprises The problem of fossil fuel heat supply produces charcoal, but it is excessively high to equally exist energy consumption, high production cost, commodity charcoal price is very Height, about 6000 yuan/ton, it is difficult to realize that field promotes and applies.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues of solution: stay in grade, continuous high yield, spontaneous heat supply and realization environment are difficult to realize for current The charcoal production method of friendly, the present invention provide a kind of biomass spontaneous heating carbonizing apparatus and its application, the biology of preparation Charcoal quality is uniform, has achieved the purpose that charcoal is high-quality and has taken into account realization with efficient production.
Technical solution: biomass spontaneous heating carbonizing apparatus, described device include charing sealing device, decoking dust-extraction unit, Device for absorbing tail gas and temperature sensing control device,
The charing sealing device includes cavity, load-bearing pillar and rocker-arm lifting device, and the cavity is inner hollow Hydrostatic column, cavity include fire door, air inlet, feed opening and exhaust outlet, and the fire door is set to cavity bottom, the air inlet Set on the side of cavity bottom, fire door, the feed opening is set to cavity top end side, and it is another that the exhaust outlet is set to cavity top end Side, the load-bearing pillar are set to cavity close to the side of feed opening, and load-bearing pillar promotes dress perpendicular to top surface on cavity, the rocker-arm It sets including pedestal, rocker arm, promote motor, wirerope and hook, the promotion motor and pedestal are set at the top of load-bearing pillar, described to shake Arm is movably connected with the base, and the wirerope is successively flexibly connected with promotion motor and rocker arm, and it is separate that the hook is set to rocker arm One end of pedestal, one end far from pedestal is located at feed opening top when rocker arm extends；
The decoking dust-extraction unit is pulsed bag filter, the pulsed bag filter air inlet and exhaust outlet Pipeline connection；
The device for absorbing tail gas is tail gas absorption tank, and the tail gas absorption tank is by filling alkaline material inside stainless steel tank body Material is constituted, and tail gas absorption tank air inlet is connect with pulsed bag filter gas outlet pipeline；
The temperature sensing control device includes asbestos plug, digital display type thermometer and nitrogen cylinder, the digital display type thermometer It being connected on asbestos plug respectively with nitrogen cylinder, the asbestos plug is equal with air inlet internal diameter, when asbestos plug plug is when air inlet, digital display Formula thermometer is for measuring charing sealing device cavity inner temperature, and nitrogen cylinder is for reducing charing sealing device cavity inner temperature.
Preferably, the pulsed bag filter includes glass fibre cloth bag, air exhauster, blowback type air compressor And exhaust blower, the air exhauster air inlet are connect with exhaust pipe, air exhauster gas outlet is set to glass fibre cloth bag bottom On the outside of portion, the exhaust blower is set to glass fibre cloth bag inside top, and the blowback type air compressor is set to glass fabric Bag middle part, the tail gas absorption tank air inlet are connect with exhaust blower air outlet pipeline.
Preferably, the temperature sensing control device further includes temp probe, copper conductor tube and pressure reducing valve, the temperature is visited Head is connect with digital display type thermometer, and the pressure reducing valve is connect with nitrogen cylinder, and described copper conductor tube one end is connect with pressure reducing valve, the other end Across asbestos plug, the temp probe passes through asbestos plug, and asbestos plug is movably connected on air inlet.
Preferably, cavity is the stainless steel inner container inside built up nested with refractory brick outer wall in the charing sealing device Hollow hydrostatic column, liner and outer wall central filler perlite.
Preferably, basic matterial is divided into two layers inside the tail gas absorption tank, quick lime is filled on upper layer, and lower layer is peroxide Change sodium.
Preferably, the fire door and feed opening are by the high temperature resistant heat insulation door sealing with asbestos washer.
Preferably, the high temperature resistant heat insulation door is the fire resisting door of internal filling fire resisting sponge.
Preferably, cavity further includes snorkel in the charing sealing device, the snorkel adheres to and is fixed on chamber Internal wall, snorkel one end are connect with air inlet, and the other end is set at the top of cavity, open up venthole on snorkel tube body.
Preferably, the snorkel is spiral snorkel, the venthole aperture is with 45 degree of oblique chamber centrals in angle.
Above-mentioned apparatus is applied in preparing charcoal, and concrete application method is as follows: by air-dried biomass material, passing through crushing Machine crushes, and fills the cavity in charing sealing device, closes fire door and feed opening, by air inlet air blast, opens after stopping air blast It drives port into, is inserted into asbestos plug, air inlet is sealed；Sealing device cavity will be carbonized using pulsed bag filter 2 simultaneously In tail gas and residual air take away, realize anaerobism smoulder, real-time monitoring carbonization temperature, by temperature control at 450 ± 50 DEG C In range, when the temperature is excessively high, nitrogen cylinder switch is unscrewed, nitrogen is passed through, controls ignition temperature, generates natural cooling after charcoal, Then it is taken out from fire door, and puts remaining Mars out by water with water, obtain charcoal.
The utility model has the advantages that 1. production costs of the present invention are low, biomass material is easy to get, and equipment is simple, charcoal property obtained It is uniform.Specific cost accounting is as follows: stalk unit price is 400 yuan/ton, and every furnace can fill about 3 tons of stalks, and stalk cost amounts to 1200 Member；Stalk crushing needs recruitment 1.5 (worker one and half), charging recruitment 1 (two worker half a day), out charcoal recruitment 1 (two workers complete half a day), each manually based on 120 yuan, human cost amounts to 420 yuan.Every 1.50 tons of left sides of furnace generation charcoal The right side, total per ton cost are about 1080 yuan.
2. the heat that device of the present invention without providing external source heat continuous heating charcoal, is discharged using biomass combustion Amount is to obtain charcoal, without other energy consumption costs.
3. product yield produced by the present invention is high, using the method next life generation charcoal, between biomass and charcoal Conversion ratio is about 50%, and place capacity is larger, can disposably produce 1.5~2 tons of charcoal, and can apply cultivated area is 2~3 mu, can Meet field production requirement, and the charcoal quality of institute's output is higher relatively stable.
4. charcoal prepared by the present invention is with short production cycle, only need (smoulder one day, charge within 2 days from charcoal is charged to out in total Charcoal each half a day out), can continuous production, solve the problems, such as that the charing period of conventional method long compensate for novel charcoal processing furnace again and produces Measure it is low can not continuous production the shortcomings that.
5. the decoking dust-extraction unit and device for absorbing tail gas, with easy to operate, purification efficiency is high, processing gas ability Greatly, the advantages that performance is stable, maintenance workload is small.
6. the present invention has the characteristics that moderate yield, energy-autarchic and energy conservation and environmental protection.Carbonize sealing device inside cavity cloth Spiral snorkel is set, snorkel adheres to and be fixed on cavity inner wall, and snorkel one end is connect with air inlet, and the other end is set to chamber At the top of body, venthole is opened up on snorkel tube body, venthole aperture is with 45 degree of oblique chamber centrals in angle.Inside cavity biomass fuel By inputting nitrogen in snorkel when burning, the nitrogen being passed through obliquely carries the heat of bottom to cavity top.Pass through nitrogen Bottom heat is transferred to top by natural effect of increasing, and (usual base burning temperature is high, and upper temp is inadequate, is easy to cause bottom Excessively smoulder, content of ashes is too high, and top is smouldered insufficient, and the biomass carbon quality of production is uneven, and quality is too low), from And achieve the purpose that the biomass carbon quality for making to fire is uniform.Spiral stringing preferably can allow gas to move in cavity, With gas band heat, collaboration promotes the product qualities of entire charing sealing device.
7. being utilized respectively charcoal prepared by the present invention and in the prior art Muffle furnace, conventional equipment method, environment-friendly type Device, method prepares charcoal and is compared, and see the table below.As can be seen from the table, charcoal prepared by the present invention is producing Amount, yield, total content of organic carbon and pH value are apparently higher than the prior art, PM2.5, PM10, tar content, SO2、NOxContent is obvious Lower than the prior art.
In table: 1. Ge Liwei, Xia Ying, Liu Shuyue wait pyrolysis temperature and time to prepare the influence of charcoal to Muffle furnace [J] Agricultural University Of Shenyang journal, 2018,49 (1): 95-100.
2. a kind of method patent authorization number using the extensive produced on-site charcoal of crop material of Zhou Qifa:
CN103265962B.
③Jiang army, Xu Ren button, Li Zhongyi, the device patent for waiting a kind of pair of agricultural crop straw of to carry out smokeless charing process are awarded Quan Hao:
CN104673339B.
4. the preceding 10h exhaust pollutant pollutant average value smouldered.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is biomass spontaneous heating carbonizing apparatus structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is temperature sensing controling device structure diagram；
Fig. 3 is charing schematic diagram of sealing device.
Each number designation represents as follows in figure: 1. charing sealing devices；2. decoking dust-extraction unit；3. device for absorbing tail gas； 4. temperature sensing control device；5. fire door；6. air inlet；7. load-bearing pillar；8. feed opening；9. rocker-arm lifting device；10. exhaust Mouthful；11. glass fibre cloth bag；12. air exhauster；13. blowback type air compressor；14. exhaust blower；15. nitrogen cylinder；16. digital display Formula thermometer.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Biomass spontaneous heating carbonizing apparatus, referring to Fig. 1, described device include charing sealing device 1, decoking dust-extraction unit 2, Device for absorbing tail gas 3 and temperature sensing control device 4.
The charing sealing device 1 includes cavity, load-bearing pillar 7 and rocker-arm lifting device 9.The cavity is inner hollow Hydrostatic column, cavity includes fire door 5, air inlet 6, feed opening 8 and exhaust outlet 10.The fire door 5 is set to cavity bottom.Institute Air inlet 6 is stated set on the side of cavity bottom, fire door 5, the air inlet 6 is for air inlet and measurement temperature.The feed opening 8 is set In cavity top end side, the exhaust outlet 10 is set to the cavity top end other side.The load-bearing pillar 7 is set to cavity close to feed opening 8 Side, load-bearing pillar 7 is perpendicular to top surface on cavity, for fixing rocker-arm lifting device 9.The rocker-arm lifting device 9 wraps It includes pedestal, rocker arm, promote motor, wirerope and hook, the promotion motor and pedestal are set to 7 top of load-bearing pillar, the rocker arm It is movably connected with the base, the wirerope is successively flexibly connected with promotion motor and rocker arm, and the hook is set to rocker arm the bottom of far from One end of seat, one end far from pedestal is located at 8 top of feed opening when rocker arm extends.Shaken by promoting motor contraction rope belt Biomass material is entered chamber from feed opening 8 so that hook be made to be placed in 8 top of feed opening with biomass material by the elongation of arm Internal portion.
The decoking dust-extraction unit 2 be pulsed bag filter, by pulsed bag filter for filter containing Grain object gas.The pulsed bag filter air inlet is connect with 10 pipeline of exhaust outlet.
The device for absorbing tail gas 3 is tail gas absorption tank, for remove sulfur dioxide in the tail gas after decoking dedusting and Nitrogen oxides.The tail gas absorption tank is made of filling basic matterial inside stainless steel tank body, tail gas absorption tank air inlet and arteries and veins The connection of flush bag-type dust collector gas outlet pipeline.
Referring to fig. 2, the temperature sensing control device 4 includes asbestos plug, digital display type thermometer 16 and nitrogen cylinder 15, described Digital display type thermometer 16 and nitrogen cylinder 15 are connected on asbestos plug respectively, and the asbestos plug is equal with 6 internal diameter of air inlet, will when thermometric Asbestos plug plug is in air inlet 6.Digital display type thermometer 16 passes through air inlet and enters inside charing sealing device 1, will be into asbestos plug Port 6 seals, and digital display type thermometer 16 is used to monitor the temperature variations inside charing sealing device 1.When ignition temperature mistake Gao Shi opens nitrogen cylinder 15, and nitrogen enters inside charing sealing device 1, reduces ignition temperature.
Above-mentioned apparatus is applied in preparing charcoal, and concrete application method is as follows: by air-dried biomass material, passing through crushing Machine crushes, and fills the cavity in charing sealing device 1, closes fire door 5 and feed opening 8, by 6 air blast of air inlet, stops air blast Air inlet 6 is opened wide afterwards, is inserted into asbestos plug, air inlet is sealed；Sealing device will be carbonized using pulsed bag filter 2 simultaneously Tail gas and residual air in 1 cavity are taken away, realize that anaerobism is smouldered, and real-time monitoring carbonization temperature controls temperature 450 ± 50 In the range of DEG C, when the temperature is excessively high, nitrogen cylinder switch is unscrewed, is passed through nitrogen, controls ignition temperature, generated naturally cold after charcoal But, it is then taken out from fire door, and puts remaining Mars out by water with water, obtain charcoal.
Embodiment 2
Biomass spontaneous heating carbonizing apparatus, described device include charing sealing device 1, decoking dust-extraction unit 2, tail gas absorption Device 3 and temperature sensing control device 4.
The charing sealing device 1 includes cavity, load-bearing pillar 7 and rocker-arm lifting device 9.The cavity is in stainless steel The hydrostatic column of the gallbladder inner hollow built up nested with refractory brick outer wall, liner and outer wall central filler perlite, cavity packet Include fire door 5, air inlet 6, feed opening 8 and exhaust outlet 10.The fire door 5 be set to cavity bottom, the fire door 5 and feed opening 8 by High temperature resistant heat insulation door sealing with asbestos washer, high temperature resistant heat insulation door are the fire resisting door of internal filling fire resisting sponge.It is described into Port 6 is set to the side of cavity bottom, fire door 5, and the air inlet 6 is for air inlet and measurement temperature.The feed opening 8 is set to chamber Body top side, the exhaust outlet 10 are set to the cavity top end other side.The load-bearing pillar 7 is set to cavity close to the one of feed opening 8 Side, load-bearing pillar 7 is perpendicular to top surface on cavity, for fixing rocker-arm lifting device 9.The rocker-arm lifting device 9 is rocker arm Formula lifting machine.Rocker-arm lifting device 9 includes pedestal, rocker arm, promotes motor, wirerope and hook, the promotion motor and bottom Seat is movably connected with the base set on 7 top of load-bearing pillar, the rocker arm, and successively activity connects for the wirerope and promotion motor and rocker arm It connects, the hook is set to the one end of rocker arm far from pedestal, and one end far from pedestal is located at 8 top of feed opening when rocker arm extends.It is logical It crosses promotion motor contraction rope belt and shakes the elongation of arm, so that hook is made to be placed in 8 top of feed opening with biomass material, it will Biomass material enters inside cavity from feed opening 8.
The decoking dust-extraction unit 2 be pulsed bag filter, by pulsed bag filter for filter containing Grain object gas.The pulsed bag filter air inlet is connect with 10 pipeline of exhaust outlet.The pulsed bag filter packet Include glass fibre cloth bag 11, air exhauster 12, blowback type air compressor 13 and exhaust blower 14,12 air inlet of air exhauster and row The connection of 10 pipeline of port, 12 gas outlet of air exhauster are set to 11 bottom outside of glass fibre cloth bag, and the exhaust blower 14 is set to 11 inside top of glass fibre cloth bag, the blowback type air compressor 13 are set to 11 middle part of glass fibre cloth bag, the tail gas Tourie air inlet is connect with exhaust blower air outlet pipeline.
The device for absorbing tail gas 3 is tail gas absorption tank, for remove sulfur dioxide in the tail gas after decoking dedusting and Nitrogen oxides.The tail gas absorption tank is made of filling basic matterial inside stainless steel tank body, and basic matterial is divided into two layers, upper layer Quick lime is filled, lower layer is sodium peroxide.Tail gas absorption tank air inlet is connect with pulsed bag filter gas outlet pipeline.Tail Aspiration closed cans is further processed the tail gas after decoking dedusting, after the tail gas after decoking dedusting enters tail gas absorption tank, SO2、H2O、 CO2And NO2It is reacted first with quick lime and generates CaSO3、CaCO3And Ca (NO3)2Equal substances, and N2The reducing substances such as O are then and by force The reaction of oxidant sodium peroxide ultimately generates NaNO3Deng the clean tail gas of finally discharge.
The temperature sensing control device 4 includes asbestos plug, temp probe, copper conductor tube, pressure reducing valve, digital display type thermometer 16 With nitrogen cylinder 15.The temp probe is connect with digital display type thermometer 16, and the pressure reducing valve is connect with nitrogen cylinder 15, and the copper is led Pipe one end is connect with pressure reducing valve, and the other end passes through asbestos plug, and the temp probe passes through asbestos plug, and the temp probe passes through stone The length of tampon is the bottom surface radius length of cavity, and asbestos plug is movably connected on air inlet 6, in the asbestos plug and air inlet 6 Diameter is equal, by asbestos plug plug in air inlet 6 when thermometric.Digital display type thermometer 16 passes through air inlet and enters in charing sealing device 1 Portion is sealed air inlet 6 with asbestos plug, and digital display type thermometer 16 is used to monitor the temperature change feelings inside charing sealing device 1 Condition.When ignition temperature is excessively high, nitrogen cylinder 15 is opened, nitrogen enters inside charing sealing device 1, reduces ignition temperature.
Above-mentioned apparatus is applied in preparing charcoal, and concrete application method is as follows: by air-dried biomass material, passing through crushing Machine crushes, and fills the cavity in charing sealing device 1, closes fire door 5 and feed opening 8, by 6 air blast of air inlet, stops air blast Air inlet 6 is opened wide afterwards, is inserted into asbestos plug, air inlet is sealed；It will be carbonized in 1 cavity of sealing device using air exhauster 12 simultaneously Tail gas and residual air are taken away, realize that anaerobism is smouldered, real-time monitoring carbonization temperature, the range by temperature control at 450 ± 50 DEG C It is interior, when the temperature is excessively high, nitrogen cylinder switch is unscrewed, nitrogen is passed through, controls ignition temperature, generates natural cooling after charcoal, then It is taken out from fire door, and puts remaining Mars out by water with water, obtain charcoal.
Embodiment 3
Based on device as described in example 2, difference is, referring to Fig. 3, cavity further includes in the charing sealing device 1 Snorkel, the snorkel adhere to and are fixed on cavity inner wall, and snorkel one end is connect with air inlet 6, and the other end is set to cavity Top opens up venthole on snorkel tube body.The snorkel is spiral snorkel, and the venthole aperture is oblique with 45 degree of angles To chamber central.By inputting nitrogen in snorkel when inside cavity biomass combustion, the nitrogen being passed through is obliquely by the warm of bottom Amount is carried to cavity top.Bottom heat is transferred to top (usual base burning temperature by the natural effect of increasing of nitrogen Height, upper temp is inadequate, and bottom is easy to cause excessively to smoulder, and content of ashes is too high, insufficient, the biology of production and top is smouldered Matter charcoal quality is uneven, and quality is too low), to achieve the purpose that the biomass carbon quality for making to fire is uniform.Spiral stringing can Preferably gas to be allowed to move in furnace chamber, with gas band heat, collaboration promotes the product qualities of entire charing sealing device.
Embodiment 4
Based on device described in embodiment 3, difference is, the internal diameter 3m of charing 1 cavity of sealing device, high 3m, straw Stalk capacity about 3~4t (depending on densified straw), is filled between steel gallbladder and furnace wall refractory brick with perlite, perlite with a thickness of 15cm, the steel gallbladder are that height is 3m, and internal diameter is the cylindrical body of 3m, and (size of refractory brick is 230 × 114 to furnace wall refractory brick × 65mm) it is paved into around steel gallbladder single flat, refractory brick outermost layer is coated with refractory cement.The size of fire door 5 is 40 × 90cm.Add The size of material mouth 8 is 60 × 60cm.And 10cm thickness fire resisting sponge is spread at the top of cavity and coated with thin one insulation of color steel plate, edge Cooktop edge welds guardrail, and guardrail stays an opening and extends downwardly as staircase.Load-bearing pillar 7 pours reinforcing bar using refractory cement, Rocker-arm lifting device 9 is welded on the reserved reinforcing bar of load-bearing pillar 7 in furnace roof, to play fixed function, the rocker-arm is promoted Device 9 maximum load 400kg, length of steel rope 20m.The pulsed bag filter includes glass fibre cloth bag 11, air exhauster 12, blowback type air compressor 13 and exhaust blower 14,12 air inlet of air exhauster are connect with 10 pipeline of exhaust outlet, air exhauster 12 Gas outlet is set to 11 bottom outside of glass fibre cloth bag, and the exhaust blower 14 is set to 11 inside top of glass fibre cloth bag, The blowback type air compressor 13 is set to 11 middle part of glass fibre cloth bag, and the tail gas absorption tank air inlet goes out with exhaust blower 14 The connection of air port pipeline.When gas containing particulate matter passes through glass fibre cloth bag 11, dust by 12 air inlet of air exhauster from the outside to the core And coke tar particles are delayed at the outer surface of glass fibre cloth bag 11, filtered tail gas enters tail gas absorption by exhaust blower 14 Tank from air outlet is discharged into atmosphere after purified.When the dust on 11 surface of glass fibre cloth bag is continuously increased, lead to equipment resistance liter When to setting value, blowback type air compressor 13 starts, and will be adhered to that glass fibre cloth bag 11 is outer and interfibrous dust is blown off Get off, is cleaned glass fibre cloth bag 11.The dust cleared drops down onto ash discharging hole discharge, glass fibre cloth bag after blowing 11 are in filtration condition again.Enter the tail gas absorption tank for containing alkaline filler through exhaust blower 14 by the tail gas after decoking dedusting, into One step removes sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, and clean tail gas is finally discharged.
Embodiment 5
Based on device as described in example 4, the present invention produces charcoal in enormous quantities using biomass combustion spontaneous heating Method mainly includes the following steps:
1. crushing.Prepare biomass material, the raw material that can be used as firing charcoal mainly has corn, tobacco, wheat, rice Equal agricultural crop straws and branch, bark, sawdust and shell etc., after biomass material is collected, sunning to water content is about 10%, then crushed, the caliber size that pulverizer feed opening is adjusted before crushing is constant, it is crushed with ready pulverizer, The pulverizer specification is to crush 400kg biomass per hour.
2. charging.The biomass material inflammability that a part reserved first does not crush is partially fill in charing sealing device 1 Cavity bottom (account for about volume 1/5), installs smashed biomass with jumbo bag, is crushed ground by rocker-arm lifting device Biomass material promoted and be filled in furnace body, be compacted, until fill up entire furnace body.
3. anaerobism is smouldered and vent gas treatment.The combustible material for being layered on bottom in advance is ignited, while air blast is (such as stalk Air blast 10min), after opening wide 6 a period of time of air inlet (such as stopping 10min for stalk), closing all can be into the entrance of air With gap (closing exhaust gas processing device, prevent air from entering in furnace into exhaust emission pipeline), anaerobism is smouldered (when this process continues Between 24-48h, the specific time depend on biomass material property), with thermometer real-time monitoring furnace body temperature, temperature is controlled In the range of 450 ± 50 DEG C, when the temperature is excessively high, unscrew nitrogen cylinder switch, nitrogen through conduit by air inlet be passed through charing it is intracavitary, Control the temperature of biomass material burning.The tail gas of generation clean emission after exhaust gas processing device is handled.
4. taking charcoal.After smoldering for 24 hours, charcoal is taken out, while putting the Mars of part remaining out by water with water.Charcoal obtained It can be directly applied to soil.
5. weighing after the charcoal prepared is air-dried, charcoal yield is calculated.The sieving of 100 mesh is used for after charcoal grinding Measure the fundamental property of charcoal.Fundamental property measuring method are as follows: the pH value of pH charcoal uses water extract method；Organic carbon contains Amount uses K2Cr2O7Dense H2SO4Outside Heating Method；Cation exchange capacity (CEC) uses sodium acetate-flare photometer；Potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid Digestion method measures full nitrogen；Perchloric acid-sulfuric acid acid appearance-molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method measures full phosphorus；Atomic absorption spectroscopy determination is complete Potassium；Quick-acting phosphorus yields use sodium bicarbonate extraction-molybdenum-antimony anti-spectrophotometric method, and alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method measures alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and atom is inhaled It receives spectrophotometry and measures available potassium.
Embodiment 6
Charcoal is produced using corn stover as biomass material.
Based on device as described in example 4, by air-dried corn stover, (2~5cm of length) is crushed by pulverizer, is filled Entire charing sealing device 1 (tate intact corn stalk being placed in charing 1 bottom of sealing device in advance, to ignite) is real Measured weight is 3.02 tons, closes fire door 5 and feed opening 8, passes through 6 air blast 10min of air inlet, air quantity 1.30m3/ min stops drum After opening wide air inlet 610min after wind, the digital display type thermometer 16 of intubating length 2m seals air inlet 6, while utilizing decoking Exhaust blower 14 in dust-extraction unit 2 takes the tail gas carbonized in sealing device 1 and residual air away, realizes that anaerobism is smouldered, in real time Carbonization temperature is monitored, by temperature control in the range of 450 ± 50 DEG C, when the temperature is excessively high, nitrogen cylinder switch is unscrewed, is passed through nitrogen Gas controls ignition temperature, for 24 hours after, after charcoal natural cooling, taken out from fire door 5, and put remaining Mars out by water with water.It obtains Obtain charcoal A.
Embodiment 7
Charcoal is produced using corn stover as biomass material.
Based on device as described in example 4, by air-dried corn stover, (2~5cm of length) is crushed by pulverizer, is filled Entire charing sealing device 1 (tate intact corn stalk being placed in charing 1 bottom of sealing device in advance, to ignite) is real Measured weight is 3.13 tons, closes fire door 5 and feed opening 8, passes through 6 air blast 10min of air inlet, air quantity 1.30m3/ min stops drum After opening wide air inlet 610min after wind, the digital display type thermometer 16 of intubating length 2m seals air inlet 6, while utilizing decoking Exhaust blower 14 in dust-extraction unit 2 takes the tail gas carbonized in sealing device 1 and residual air away, realizes that anaerobism is smouldered, in real time Carbonization temperature is monitored, by temperature control in the range of 450 ± 50 DEG C, when the temperature is excessively high, nitrogen cylinder switch is unscrewed, is passed through nitrogen Gas controls ignition temperature, for 24 hours after, after charcoal natural cooling, taken out from fire door 5, and put remaining Mars out by water with water.It obtains Obtain charcoal B.
Embodiment 8
Charcoal is produced using cigarette stalk as biomass material.
Air-dried biomass material is crushed by pulverizer based on device as described in example 4, fill entirely carbonize it is close Seal apparatus 1 (places tate intact corn stalk in charing 1 bottom of sealing device in advance, to ignite), and actual measurement weight is 3.79 tons, fire door 5 and feed opening 8 are closed, 6 air blast 10min of air inlet, air quantity 1.30m are passed through3/ min is opened wide after stopping air blast After 6 10min of air inlet, the digital display type thermometer 16 of intubating length 2m seals air inlet 6.Decoking dust-extraction unit is utilized simultaneously Exhaust blower 14 in 2 takes the tail gas carbonized in sealing device 1 and residual air away, realizes that anaerobism is smouldered, real-time monitoring charing Temperature when the temperature is excessively high, unscrews nitrogen cylinder switch by temperature control in the range of 450 ± 50 DEG C, is passed through nitrogen, control combustion Burn temperature, for 24 hours after, after charcoal natural cooling, taken out from fire door 5, and put remaining Mars out by water with water.Obtain charcoal C.
The charcoal dry weight of embodiment 6-8 production is 1.42 tons, 1.47 tons and 1.93 tons, and charcoal conversion ratio is respectively 47.3%, 47.0% and 50.9%.Obtained charcoal property stable homogeneous, ash content are lower.The basic nature of gained charcoal Matter is as follows:
Decoking dust-extraction unit 2 and device for absorbing tail gas 3 can remove generated in charcoal combustion process dust (PM2.5, The particulate matters such as PM10), tar, SO2And NOxEqual gaseous products, can disposably handle a large amount of pollution gas, and performance is steady Calmly, treatment effect is obvious.

Claims (10)

1.生物质自发热炭化装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括炭化密封装置（1）、脱焦除尘装置（2）、尾气吸收装置（3）和温度探测控制装置（4），1. Biomass self-heating carbonization device, characterized in that the device comprises a carbonization sealing device (1), a decoking dust removal device (2), a tail gas absorption device (3) and a temperature detection and control device (4), 所述炭化密封装置（1）包括腔体、承重柱（7）和摇臂式提升装置（9），所述腔体为内部中空的圆柱形容器，腔体包括炉门（5）、进气口（6）、加料口（8）和排气口（10），所述炉门（5）设于腔体底部，所述进气口（6）设于腔体底部、炉门（5）的一侧，所述加料口（8）设于腔体顶端一侧，所述排气口（10）设于腔体顶端另一侧，所述承重柱（7）设于腔体靠近加料口（8）的一侧，承重柱（7）垂直于腔体上顶面，所述摇臂式提升装置（9）包括底座、摇臂、提升电机、钢丝绳和挂钩，所述提升电机和底座设于承重柱（7）顶部，所述摇臂与底座活动连接，所述钢丝绳与提升电机和摇臂依次活动连接，所述挂钩设于摇臂远离底座的一端，摇臂伸长时远离底座的一端位于加料口（8）上部；The carbonization sealing device (1) includes a cavity, a load-bearing column (7) and a rocker arm type lifting device (9), the cavity is a hollow cylindrical container, and the cavity includes a furnace door (5), an air intake A port (6), a feeding port (8) and an exhaust port (10), the furnace door (5) is arranged at the bottom of the cavity, and the air inlet (6) is arranged at the bottom of the cavity and the furnace door (5) The feeding port (8) is provided on one side of the top of the cavity, the exhaust port (10) is provided on the other side of the top of the cavity, and the load-bearing column (7) is provided in the cavity close to the feeding port On one side of (8), the load-bearing column (7) is perpendicular to the top surface of the cavity, and the rocker arm type lifting device (9) includes a base, a rocker arm, a lifting motor, a wire rope and a hook. On the top of the load-bearing column (7), the rocker arm is movably connected to the base, the wire rope is movably connected to the hoisting motor and the rocker arm in turn, and the hook is provided at the end of the rocker arm away from the base, and the rocker arm is extended away from the base. One end is located at the upper part of the feeding port (8); 所述脱焦除尘装置（2）为脉冲式布袋除尘器，所述脉冲式布袋除尘器进气口与排气口（10）管道连接；The decoking and dust removal device (2) is a pulse-type bag filter, and the air inlet of the pulse-type bag filter is connected to the exhaust port (10) by a pipeline; 所述尾气吸收装置（3）为尾气吸收罐，所述尾气吸收罐由不锈钢罐体内部填充碱性材料构成，尾气吸收罐进气口与脉冲式布袋除尘器出气口管道连接；The tail gas absorption device (3) is a tail gas absorption tank, and the tail gas absorption tank is composed of a stainless steel tank filled with an alkaline material, and the air inlet of the tail gas absorption tank is connected with the air outlet of the pulsed bag filter; 所述温度探测控制装置（4）包括石棉塞、数显式温度计（16）和氮气瓶（15），所述数显式温度计（16）和氮气瓶（15）分别接于石棉塞上，所述石棉塞与进气口（6）内径相等，当石棉塞塞于进气口（6）时，数显式温度计（16）用于测量炭化密封装置（1）腔体内温度，氮气瓶（15）用于降低炭化密封装置（1）腔体内温度。The temperature detection and control device (4) comprises an asbestos plug, a digital display thermometer (16) and a nitrogen cylinder (15), and the digital display thermometer (16) and the nitrogen cylinder (15) are respectively connected to the asbestos plug, so that the The asbestos plug is equal to the inner diameter of the air inlet (6). When the asbestos plug is plugged into the air inlet (6), the digital thermometer (16) is used to measure the temperature in the cavity of the carbonized sealing device (1). The nitrogen cylinder (15) ) is used to reduce the temperature in the cavity of the carbonized sealing device (1). 2.根据权利要求1所述的生物质自发热炭化装置，其特征在于，所述脉冲式布袋除尘器包括玻璃纤维布袋（11）、抽气机（12）、反吹型空气压缩机（13）和排风机（14），所述抽气机（12）进气口与排气口（10）管道连接，抽气机（12）出气口设于设于玻璃纤维布袋（11）底部外侧，所述排风机（14）设于玻璃纤维布袋（11）顶部内侧，所述反吹型空气压缩机（13）设于玻璃纤维布袋（11）中部，所述尾气吸收罐进气口与排风机出风口管道连接。2. The biomass self-heating carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulsed bag filter comprises a glass fiber bag (11), an air extractor (12), a back-flushing air compressor (13) ) and an exhaust fan (14), the air inlet of the air extractor (12) is connected to the air outlet (10) by a pipeline, and the air outlet of the air extractor (12) is arranged on the outside of the bottom of the glass fiber cloth bag (11), The exhaust fan (14) is arranged on the inner side of the top of the glass fiber cloth bag (11), the back-blowing air compressor (13) is arranged in the middle of the glass fiber cloth bag (11), and the air intake of the exhaust gas absorption tank is connected to the exhaust fan. Air outlet duct connection. 3.根据权利要求1所述的生物质自发热炭化装置，其特征在于，所述温度探测控制装置（4）还包括温度探头、铜导管和减压阀，所述温度探头与数显式温度计（16）连接，所述减压阀与氮气瓶（15）连接，所述铜导管一端与减压阀连接，另一端穿过石棉塞，所述温度探头穿过石棉塞，石棉塞活动连接于进气口（6）。3 . The biomass self-heating carbonization device according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature detection and control device ( 4 ) further comprises a temperature probe, a copper conduit and a pressure reducing valve, and the temperature probe is connected to a digital thermometer. 4 . (16) Connection, the pressure reducing valve is connected to the nitrogen cylinder (15), one end of the copper conduit is connected to the pressure reducing valve, the other end is passed through the asbestos plug, the temperature probe is passed through the asbestos plug, and the asbestos plug is movably connected to the asbestos plug. Air intake (6). 4.根据权利要求1所述的生物质自发热炭化装置，其特征在于，所述炭化密封装置（1）中腔体为不锈钢内胆和耐火砖外壁嵌套筑成的内部中空的圆柱形容器，内胆和外壁中间填充珍珠岩。4. The biomass self-heating carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the cavity in the carbonization sealing device (1) is a cylindrical container with a hollow interior formed by nesting a stainless steel liner and an outer wall of refractory bricks , the inner tank and the outer wall are filled with perlite. 5.根据权利要求1所述的生物质自发热炭化装置，其特征在于，所述尾气吸收罐内部碱性材料分为两层，上层填充生石灰，下层为过氧化钠。5 . The biomass self-heating carbonization device according to claim 1 , wherein the alkaline material in the tail gas absorption tank is divided into two layers, the upper layer is filled with quicklime, and the lower layer is sodium peroxide. 6 . 6.根据权利要求1所述的生物质自发热炭化装置，其特征在于，所述炉门（5）和加料口（8）由带有石棉垫圈的耐高温隔热门密封。6 . The biomass self-heating carbonization device according to claim 1 , wherein the furnace door ( 5 ) and the feeding port ( 8 ) are sealed by a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating door with an asbestos gasket. 7 . 7.根据权利要求6所述的生物质自发热炭化装置，其特征在于，所述耐高温隔热门为内部填充耐火海绵的耐火门。7 . The biomass self-heating carbonization device according to claim 6 , wherein the high temperature-resistant and heat-insulating door is a fire-resistant door filled with fire-resistant sponge inside. 8 . 8.根据权利要求1所述的生物质自发热炭化装置，其特征在于，所述炭化密封装置（1）中腔体还包括通气管，所述通气管附着并固定于腔体内壁，通气管一端与进气口（6）连接，另一端设于腔体顶部，通气管管体上开设通气孔。8. The biomass self-heating carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the cavity in the carbonization sealing device (1) further comprises a ventilation pipe, the ventilation pipe is attached and fixed to the inner wall of the cavity, and the ventilation pipe One end is connected with the air inlet (6), the other end is arranged on the top of the cavity, and a ventilation hole is provided on the body of the ventilation pipe. 9.根据权利要求8所述的生物质自发热炭化装置，其特征在于，所述通气管为螺旋式通气管，所述通气孔孔口以45度角斜向腔体中心。9 . The biomass self-heating carbonization device according to claim 8 , wherein the ventilation pipe is a spiral ventilation pipe, and the orifice of the ventilation hole is inclined to the center of the cavity at an angle of 45 degrees. 10 . 10.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的装置在制备生物炭中应用，其特征在于，具体应用方法如下：将风干生物质原料，通过粉碎机粉碎，装满炭化密封装置（1）中的腔体，关闭炉门（5）和加料口（8），通过进气口（6）鼓风，停止鼓风后敞开进气口（6），插入石棉塞，将进气口密封；同时利用抽气机（12）将炭化密封装置（1）腔体中的尾气及残余空气抽走，实现厌氧闷烧，实时监测炭化温度，将温度控制在450±50℃的范围内，温度过高时，拧开氮气瓶开关，通入氮气，控制燃烧温度，生成生物炭后自然冷却，然后从炉门处取出，并用水浇灭残余火星，获得生物炭。10. The application of the device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the preparation of biochar, characterized in that the specific application method is as follows: the air-dried biomass raw material is pulverized by a pulverizer, and the carbonization sealing device (1) is filled with Close the furnace door (5) and the feeding port (8), blow air through the air inlet (6), open the air inlet (6) after stopping the air blowing, insert the asbestos plug, and seal the air inlet; At the same time, the exhaust gas and residual air in the cavity of the carbonization sealing device (1) are evacuated by the air extractor (12) to realize anaerobic smoldering. When it is too high, unscrew the nitrogen bottle switch, introduce nitrogen, control the combustion temperature, generate biochar and cool it naturally, then take it out from the furnace door, and douse the residual sparks with water to obtain biochar.
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