CN109342964A - A method for analyzing the state of health of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack - Google Patents
A method for analyzing the state of health of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种质子交换膜燃料电池电堆健康状态的分析方法，包括步骤：利用燃料电池测试平台和EIS测试台对质子交换膜燃料电池电堆进行输出性能的测试和阻抗谱的测试；通过阻抗谱测试得到的阻抗谱实验曲线拟合质子交换膜燃料电池等效电路，利用拟合软件，由等效电路得到质子交换膜燃料电池的阻抗谱拟合曲线；通过阻抗谱的实验曲线和拟合曲线，结合燃料电池电堆的输出性能，得到质子交换膜燃料电池电堆的运行状态态。本发明对燃料电池电堆的运行状态进行诊断与对其健康状态进行有效的管理，确保质子交换膜燃料电池安全可靠的运行，降低电池的运行维护成本、增进电池的健康运行，延长使用寿命。
The invention discloses a method for analyzing the health state of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, comprising the steps of: using a fuel cell test platform and an EIS test platform to test the output performance and impedance spectrum of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack; The impedance spectrum experimental curve obtained by the impedance spectrum test is fitted to the equivalent circuit of the PEM fuel cell. Using the fitting software, the impedance spectrum fitting curve of the PEM fuel cell is obtained from the equivalent circuit; The combined curve is combined with the output performance of the fuel cell stack to obtain the operating state of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. The invention diagnoses the operation state of the fuel cell stack and effectively manages its health state, ensures the safe and reliable operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, reduces the operation and maintenance cost of the battery, improves the healthy operation of the battery, and prolongs the service life.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fuel cell technology, more particularly to a kind of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling health shape
The analysis method of state.
Background technique
With the quickening of process of industrialization, sharp deterioration the problem of energy crisis and environmental pollution, seek new energy with it is green
The development of the color energy has been the upsurge of global evolution.Fuel cell is filled as a kind of power generation that chemical energy is directly translated into electric energy
It sets, by its environmentally friendly feature by expectation.The one kind of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells as fuel cell has operation
The features such as temperature is low, power density is high, starting speed is fast, on portable power and vehicle power supply with wide before
Scape.
The malfunction of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells on its output performance have serious influence, restrict its stability,
Service life and reliability.Timely and effectively the state of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is carried out assessment and managed be fuel
Battery system securely and reliably provides important guarantee.
And in the existing state analysis to fuel cell, it is essentially all mainly to be had following several based on upper research is applied
Kind: (1) pass through the output performance and failure to polarization curve and output voltage reactive fuel battery, the polarization curve of fuel cell
Reaction is relationship of the output voltage about load current, by three component parts of polarization curve come qualitative analysis each section
The variation of loss, can not be by a numerical value come the size of quantitative reaction loss；(2) to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and
Speech, in most cases both for monolithic battery, its health status is studied with malfunction, monolithic fuel cell
Result of study is not necessarily applicable in vehicle-mounted fuel cell pile；The power of monolithic battery is low, structure is simple, and vehicle-mounted
Pile power is all very big, and in pile monolithic battery connection type, the design of flow field structure and gas passage is more than list
Piece battery is complicated；(3) to most of research of proton exchange membrane all only with fuel battery test platform, the survey of fuel cell
Examination platform can only generally test the voltage of fuel cell, and then draw polarization curve, cannot obtain other and internal-response mechanism
Relevant numerical result.
Therefore, there is biggish deficiencies for technical research, and mainly China is to the change inside Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
The research for learning reaction mechanism is insufficient；Can not effectively to the malfunction of fuel cell pile carry out diagnosis with to its health status into
The effective management of row greatly reduces fuel cell to cause Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells operation dangerous and unreliable
Service life, substantially increase battery maintenance cost.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention proposes a kind of analyses of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling health status
Method carries out diagnosis to the malfunction of fuel cell pile and is effectively managed with to its health status, it is ensured that proton is handed over
The safe and reliable operation of membrane cell is changed, the health operation for reducing the operation expense of battery, promoting battery extends and uses
Service life.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling health
The analysis method of state, comprising steps of
S100 exports proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling using fuel battery test platform and EIS testboard
The test of performance and the test of impedance spectrum；
S200 is fitted the equivalent electricity of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by the impedance spectrum empirical curve that impedance spectrum is tested
Road obtains the impedance spectrum matched curve of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by equivalent circuit using fitting software；
S300, empirical curve and matched curve by impedance spectrum obtain matter in conjunction with the output performance of fuel cell pile
The operating status of proton exchange film fuel cell pile.
Further, in the step S100, using fuel battery test platform and EIS testboard to proton exchange
Film fuel cell electric piling carries out the test of output performance and the test of impedance spectrum, comprising steps of
S101 carries out pretrigger and start-up operation to fuel battery test platform；
The service condition of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling is adjusted under rated condition, is surveyed by Constant Current Load by S102
Voltage rating curve and record rated output voltage at this time, record experimental phenomena at this time；
S103, first unloading load, guarantees platform safety reliability service before changing service condition；
S104 changes operation operating condition by control variate method；
S105 adds Constant Current Load, measures under different service conditions in the case where fuel battery test platform operates normally
Voltage curve and operating voltage output, and record experimental phenomena；
S106 analyzes experimental data and experimental phenomena: by under different service conditions voltage curve and experimental phenomena with
Nominal case is made comparisons analysis, and the output voltage situation and voltage fluctuation situation under different experiments phenomenon are obtained.
Further, changing operation operating condition by control variate method includes pile fortune in the step S104
Trip temperature, gas last row period, gas inlet relative humidity and anode and cathode gas excess coefficient.
Further, in the equivalent circuit of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, passing through in the step S200
Equivalence element in equivalent circuit diagram carrys out each loss of quantitative reflection Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
Further, including reflection battery ohm damage in the loss equivalent circuit of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
The Ohmic resistance Rohm of consumption, reflect that the charge transmission resistance Rt of battery charge transmission loss, reflection galvanic anode activation are lost
Anode activation resistance Ra and Electric double-layer capacitor Cdl and Ca；The Ca and Ra be in parallel after with Rt equivalent elements in series,
The equivalent elements and Cdl be in parallel after with Rohm loss equivalent circuit in series；
Based on above-mentioned equivalent circuit, the output voltage of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells are as follows:
V=E-Vact-Vohm-Vconc；
In the receiver-mode (rx) filter configuration, Rohm corresponding voltage Vohm, Rt corresponding voltage Vconc, Ra corresponding voltage Vact.Therefore,
By the size of resistance in this equivalent circuit come the size of each loss of quantitative response, to solve the prior art without standard measure
The problem of reflection loss size；Also, each element in equivalent circuit can intuitively be found out by ac impedance spectroscopy, therefore should
Equivalent circuit becomes the bridge contacted between impedance spectrum and voltage curve.
Further, in step s 200, the impedance spectrum empirical curve based on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, fitting etc.
It imitates circuit and inputs the parameter of equivalent circuit using Zview software, the curve of test result is fitted.
Further, in the step S300, empirical curve and matched curve by impedance spectrum, in conjunction with fuel electricity
The output performance of pond pile obtains the operating status of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling, comprising steps of
S301 starts EIS test platform；
S302 generates a high frequency sinusoidal current signal by EIS test platform；
The high frequency sinusoidal current signal is applied on proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling by S303, is obtained based on frequency
The output signal Z=Z (f) of rate passes through the frequency function graphing of impedance；
S304 gradually reduces the frequency of the high frequency sinusoidal current signal, repeats step S303, sets until its frequency is less than
Fixed critical value；
S305 obtains the complete impedance spectra from high frequency to low frequency by the figure constantly drawn；
S306, by voltage performance test in different service condition, using EIS test platform under various service conditions
Impedance spectrum tested, test data is finally compared analysis with result, obtains proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling
Operating status.
Further, the size of the current amplitude of a high frequency sinusoidal current signal as produced by EIS test platform is
The 5%-10% of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling output electric current.
Using the technical program the utility model has the advantages that
The present invention is handed over by carrying out test analysis to high power fuel cell pile using EIS test platform measurement proton
The impedance spectrum for changing membrane cell will using the output performance of fuel battery test platform measurement Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
The electricity that contacts bridge, by impedance spectrum that EIS measure obtain in equivalent circuit diagram of the equivalent current figure as voltage and impedance spectrum
Resistance value, and then the size being lost by size quantitative response pile each section of resistance value, can be effectively to fuel cell pile
Malfunction carry out diagnosis effectively managed with to its health status, it is ensured that Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is safe and reliable
Operation, reduce battery operation expense, promote battery health operation, prolong the service life；
Test method provided by the invention to pile, by comparing the experimental phenomena in test process, analysis generates existing
As the reason of, the health status of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling is managed finally by service condition is adjusted, is prolonged
Long life.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of analysis method flow diagram of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling health status of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of step S100 in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the loss equivalent circuit diagram of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of step S300 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made into one with reference to the accompanying drawing
Step illustrates.
In the present embodiment, shown in Figure 1, the invention proposes a kind of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling health shapes
The analysis method of state, comprising steps of
S100 exports proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling using fuel battery test platform and EIS testboard
The test of performance and the test of impedance spectrum；
S200 is fitted the equivalent electricity of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by the impedance spectrum empirical curve that impedance spectrum is tested
Road obtains the impedance spectrum matched curve of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by equivalent circuit using fitting software；
S300, empirical curve and matched curve by impedance spectrum obtain matter in conjunction with the output performance of fuel cell pile
The operating status of proton exchange film fuel cell pile.
As the prioritization scheme of above-described embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, utilizing fuel cell test in the step S100
Platform carries out the test of output performance to proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling, comprising steps of
S101 carries out pretrigger and start-up operation to fuel battery test platform；
The service condition of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling is adjusted under rated condition, is surveyed by Constant Current Load by S102
Voltage rating curve and record rated output voltage at this time, record experimental phenomena at this time；
S103, first unloading load, guarantees platform safety reliability service before changing service condition；
S104 changes operation operating condition by control variate method；
S105 adds Constant Current Load, measures under different service conditions in the case where fuel battery test platform operates normally
Voltage curve and operating voltage output, and record experimental phenomena；
S106 analyzes experimental data and experimental phenomena: by under different service conditions voltage curve and experimental phenomena with
Nominal case is made comparisons analysis, and the output voltage situation and voltage fluctuation situation under different experiments phenomenon are obtained.
Wherein, in the step S104, by control variate method change operation operating condition include pile running temperature,
Gas last row period, gas inlet relative humidity and anode and cathode gas excess coefficient.
As the prioritization scheme of above-described embodiment, in the step S200, in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
In equivalent circuit, by the equivalence element in equivalent circuit diagram come each damage of quantitative reflection Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Consumption.
Wherein, as shown in figure 3, including reflection battery Europe in the loss equivalent circuit of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
The Ohmic resistance Rohm of nurse loss, the charge transmission resistance Rt for reflecting battery charge transmission loss, reflection galvanic anode activation damage
The anode activation resistance Ra and Electric double-layer capacitor Cdl and Ca of consumption；The Ca and Ra be in parallel after equivalent group in series with Rt
Part, the equivalent elements and Cdl be in parallel after with Rohm loss equivalent circuit in series；
Based on above-mentioned equivalent circuit, the output voltage of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells are as follows:
V=E-Vact-Vohm-Vconc；
In the receiver-mode (rx) filter configuration, Rohm corresponding voltage Vohm, Rt corresponding voltage Vconc, Ra corresponding voltage Vact.Therefore,
By the size of resistance in this equivalent circuit come the size of each loss of quantitative response, to solve the prior art without standard measure
The problem of reflection loss size；Also, each element in equivalent circuit can intuitively be found out by ac impedance spectroscopy, therefore should
Equivalent circuit becomes the bridge contacted between impedance spectrum and voltage curve.
In step s 200, the impedance spectrum empirical curve based on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is fitted equivalent circuit, utilizes
Zview software inputs the parameter of equivalent circuit, is fitted to the curve of test result.
As the prioritization scheme of above-described embodiment, in the step S300, as shown in figure 4, the experiment for passing through impedance spectrum
Curve and matched curve obtain the operation shape of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling in conjunction with the output performance of fuel cell pile
State, comprising steps of
S301 starts EIS test platform；
S302 generates a high frequency sinusoidal current signal by EIS test platform；
The high frequency sinusoidal current signal is applied on proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling by S303, is obtained based on frequency
The output signal Z=Z (f) of rate passes through the frequency function graphing of impedance；
S304 gradually reduces the frequency of the high frequency sinusoidal current signal, repeats step S303, sets until its frequency is less than
Fixed critical value；
S305 obtains the complete impedance spectra from high frequency to low frequency by the figure constantly drawn；
S306, by voltage performance test in different service condition, using EIS test platform under various service conditions
Impedance spectrum tested, test data is finally compared analysis with result, obtains proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling
Operating status.
Wherein, the size of the current amplitude of a high frequency sinusoidal current signal as produced by EIS test platform is proton friendship
Change the 5%-10% of film fuel cell electric piling output electric current.
It is tested by specific embodiment: including 30 fuel cell monolithics, fuel using 5kW fuel cell pile
The output voltage of monolithic battery is 0.75V or so, the output electricity of pile under the specified service condition that battery EIS test platform is measured
Pressure is 22V or so.
When experimental phenomena is that pile water logging occurs, decline about 10% when the output voltage of pile is than operating normally is surveyed
Test result is about 19V；Extra water discharge can effectively be solved into failure by shortening the last row period, in addition, improving pile
Running temperature is also a kind of effective solution scheme.
The present invention carries out the test of pile output performance according to voltage tester flow chart, as a result, it has been found that output when water logging state
Voltage lower than the output voltage of normal state about 10%, and water logging state also will cause output voltage appearance and significantly fluctuate.
When experimental phenomena is air hunger occur, the resistance of the corresponding equivalent circuit diagram of fuel cell is that Ra can become very
Greatly；This can be effectively solved the problems, such as by cathode excess coefficient when improving air inlet, so that impedance spectrum becomes regular, improve electricity
The output performance of heap.
It is tested according to impedance spectrum of the impedance spectrum test flow chart to pile, chooses impedance spectrum when air hunger phenomenon,
It was found that equivalent circuit diagram can correctly react the reaction mechanism of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.In addition, air hunger phenomenon can be made
It is significantly increased at Ra, and impedance spectrum is made to become irregular.
The technology of the present invention is equivalent by being carried out to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells internal-response mechanism with equivalent circuit diagram, real
The quantitative response to the loss of fuel cell each section is showed；In addition, the technology of the present invention not only used fuel battery test platform,
EIS test platform is had also combined, the malfunction of fuel cell is timely and effectively diagnosed, is the health fortune of fuel cell
Row has carried out effective management, it is ensured that pile operates in health status.
The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of analysis method of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling health status, which is characterized in that comprising steps of
S100 carries out output performance to proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling using fuel battery test platform and EIS testboard
Test and impedance spectrum test；
S200 is fitted Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells equivalent circuit, benefit by the impedance spectrum empirical curve that impedance spectrum is tested
With fitting software, the impedance spectrum matched curve of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is obtained by equivalent circuit；
S300, empirical curve and matched curve by impedance spectrum obtain proton friendship in conjunction with the output performance of fuel cell pile
Change the operating status of film fuel cell electric piling.
2. a kind of analysis method of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling health status according to claim 1, feature
It is, in the step S100, using fuel battery test platform and EIS testboard to proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling
The test of output performance and the test of impedance spectrum are carried out, comprising steps of
S101 carries out pretrigger and start-up operation to fuel battery test platform；
S102, the service condition of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling is adjusted under rated condition, measures volume by Constant Current Load
Constant voltage curve simultaneously records rated output voltage at this time, records experimental phenomena at this time；
S103, first unloading load, guarantees platform safety reliability service before changing service condition；
S104 changes operation operating condition by control variate method；
S105 adds Constant Current Load, measures the electricity under different service conditions in the case where fuel battery test platform operates normally
It buckles line and operating voltage output, and records experimental phenomena；
S106 analyzes experimental data and experimental phenomena: by under different service conditions voltage curve and experimental phenomena with it is specified
Situation is made comparisons analysis, and the output voltage situation and voltage fluctuation situation under different experiments phenomenon are obtained.
3. a kind of analysis method of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling health status according to claim 2, feature
It is, in the step S104, changing operation operating condition by control variate method includes pile running temperature, gas last row
Period, gas inlet relative humidity and anode and cathode gas excess coefficient.
4. a kind of analysis method of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling health status according to claim 3, feature
It is, in the step S200, in the equivalent circuit of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, by equivalent circuit diagram
Equivalence element carrys out each loss of quantitative reflection Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
5. a kind of analysis method of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling health status according to claim 4, feature
Be, in the equivalent circuit of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells include reflection battery ohmic loss Ohmic resistance Rohm,
Reflect battery charge transmission loss charge transmission resistance Rt, reflection galvanic anode activation loss anode activation resistance Ra, with
And Electric double-layer capacitor Cdl and Ca；The Ca and Ra be in parallel after with Rt equivalent elements in series, the equivalent elements and Cdl
After being in parallel with Rohm loss equivalent circuit in series；
Based on above-mentioned equivalent circuit, the output voltage of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells are as follows:
V=E-Vact-Vohm-Vconc；
In the receiver-mode (rx) filter configuration, Rohm corresponding voltage Vohm, Rt corresponding voltage Vconc, Ra corresponding voltage Vact.
6. a kind of analysis method of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling health status according to claim 5, feature
It is, in step s 200, the impedance spectrum empirical curve based on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is fitted equivalent circuit, utilizes
Zview software inputs the parameter of equivalent circuit, is fitted to the curve of test result.
7. a kind of analysis method of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling health status according to claim 6, feature
It is, in the step S300, empirical curve and matched curve by impedance spectrum, in conjunction with the output of fuel cell pile
Can, the operating status of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling is obtained, comprising steps of
S301 starts EIS test platform；
S302 generates a high frequency sinusoidal current signal by EIS test platform；
The high frequency sinusoidal current signal is applied on proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling by S303, is obtained based on frequency
Output signal Z=Z (f) passes through the frequency function graphing of impedance；
S304 gradually reduces the frequency of the high frequency sinusoidal current signal, repeats step S303, until its frequency is less than setting
Critical value；
S305 obtains the complete impedance spectra from high frequency to low frequency by the figure constantly drawn；
S306, by voltage performance test in different service condition, using EIS test platform to the resistance under various service conditions
Anti- spectrum is tested, and test data is finally compared analysis with result, obtains proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling operation
State.
8. a kind of analysis method of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling health status according to claim 7, feature
It is, the size of the current amplitude of a high frequency sinusoidal current signal as produced by EIS test platform is pem fuel
The 5%-10% of battery stack output electric current.
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Cited By (14)
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| CN111007404A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-14 | 萱柯氢能科技(北京)有限公司 | Fuel cell impedance measurement and analysis system and method based on key frequency points |
| CN111259610A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-09 | 山东大学 | A method and system for establishing a steady-state equivalent circuit for a combined heat and power system |
| CN112289385A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-29 | 西南交通大学 | Electrochemical impedance spectrum prediction method for high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack |
| CN112684345A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-20 | 浙江大学 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell health control method based on active fault-tolerant control |
| CN113447843A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-28 | 中山大学 | Hydrogen fuel cell health state evaluation method based on electrochemical impedance spectrum |
| CN113608131A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-11-05 | 西南交通大学 | PEMFC pile recession performance detection method under dynamic locomotive working condition |
| CN113991150A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-28 | 苏州中车氢能动力技术有限公司 | Method for locating leaking cells inside the stack |
| CN114006011A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-02-01 | 同济大学 | Method and device for coupling monitoring of fuel cell stack |
| CN114114047A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-03-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Battery fault detection method and device |
| CN114264881A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-01 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell impedance online monitoring method and system |
| CN114784320A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-22 | 电子科技大学 | An air-cooled fuel cell cathode control method against environmental disturbance |
| CN115856645A (en) * | 2023-03-01 | 2023-03-28 | 四川能投氢能产业投资有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for analyzing durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN116130713A (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-05-16 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | A method for analyzing the water content inside a fuel cell |
| WO2023165233A1 (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-09-07 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell control system and control method thereof |
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