CN108448692A - An Offset-Adaptive Wireless Charging Topology for Electric Vehicles - Google Patents
An Offset-Adaptive Wireless Charging Topology for Electric Vehicles Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电动汽车无线充电技术领域，具体涉及一种具有偏移自适应性的电动汽车无线充电拓扑结构。The invention belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle wireless charging, and in particular relates to an electric vehicle wireless charging topological structure with offset adaptability.
背景技术Background technique
伴随着能源问题以及环境问题的日益严重，混合动力汽车和纯电动汽车以其环保、便捷等优势引起人们越来越多的关注，非接触式电能传输技术利用非接触变压器实现能量的无线传输，具有安全、操作方便简单、无接触磨损、无直接电气连接等优点。因此，这一业界广泛关注的新型电能传输形式对于未来的发展具有重大的意义，也是极其有竞争力的热点。With the increasingly serious energy problems and environmental problems, hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles have attracted more and more attention due to their advantages of environmental protection and convenience. Non-contact power transmission technology uses non-contact transformers to realize wireless transmission of energy. It has the advantages of safety, convenient and simple operation, no contact wear, no direct electrical connection, etc. Therefore, this new form of power transmission, which is widely concerned by the industry, has great significance for future development and is also an extremely competitive hotspot.
非接触变压器是非接触电能传输系统的核心部分，而其补偿方式及系统的拓扑结构一直以来就是非接触电能传输系统研究的关键问题。为了实现系统良好的参数适应能力、传输特性及其稳定性，就要求相应的补偿方式及系统拓扑能够实现系统参数变化时的适应性，如偏移系统及负载变化。The non-contact transformer is the core part of the non-contact power transmission system, and its compensation method and system topology have always been the key issues in the research of the non-contact power transmission system. In order to achieve good parameter adaptability, transmission characteristics and stability of the system, it is required that the corresponding compensation method and system topology can realize the adaptability when the system parameters change, such as offset system and load changes.
目前常见的非接触变换器的补偿方式为原边串联/副边串联、原边串联/副边并联、原边并联/副边串联、原边并联/副边并联，相应的拓扑结构为单发射对单接收或多发射对多接收。这些补偿方式及拓扑结构存在一定的局限性，补偿方式对电路参数变化较为敏感，如负载变化时系统的增益等特性会相应改变；在发射与接收发生偏移时无法维持较好的能量传输，甚至出现系统无法进行能量传输的情况。At present, the common compensation methods of non-contact converters are primary side series/secondary side series connection, primary side series connection/secondary side parallel connection, primary side parallel connection/secondary side series connection, primary side parallel connection/secondary side parallel connection, and the corresponding topology is single emission One-to-one receive or many-transmit to many-receive. These compensation methods and topological structures have certain limitations. The compensation methods are more sensitive to changes in circuit parameters. For example, when the load changes, the gain and other characteristics of the system will change accordingly; when there is an offset between transmission and reception, it cannot maintain better energy transmission. There are even situations where the system cannot perform energy transmission.
现有无线充电系统的线圈结构和补偿拓扑在原副边位置发生偏移时，原副边线圈的耦合效果和系统的传输能力会迅速下降，甚至会出现功率传输为零的零耦合点，从而导致整个系统的抗偏移性能较差，应用到电动汽车无线充电时，在车辆停放位置偏移的情况下会大大影响充电效果，导致系统使用不方便。When the coil structure and compensation topology of the existing wireless charging system deviate from the original and secondary positions, the coupling effect of the primary and secondary coils and the transmission capacity of the system will drop rapidly, and even a zero coupling point where the power transmission is zero will appear, resulting in The anti-offset performance of the whole system is poor. When applied to wireless charging of electric vehicles, the charging effect will be greatly affected when the vehicle parking position is offset, resulting in inconvenient use of the system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
鉴于上述，本发明提供了一种具有偏移自适应性的电动汽车无线充电拓扑结构，该结构能够在发射与接收线圈位置存在较大偏移时稳定地进行功率传输，系统传输特性在产生一半尺寸的偏移范围内不受影响。In view of the above, the present invention provides an offset-adaptive wireless charging topology for electric vehicles, which can stably transmit power when there is a large offset between the transmitting and receiving coils, and the transmission characteristics of the system are half generated Dimensions within the offset range are not affected.
一种具有偏移自适应性的电动汽车无线充电拓扑结构，包括：直流电源、逆变电路、原边串联补偿电容、原边发射线圈以及两组副边接收电路；所述逆变电路的直流侧与直流电源连接，用以将直流电源的输出直流电转换成高频交流电，逆变电路交流侧的一端与原边串联补偿电容的一端相连，原边串联补偿电容的另一端与原边发射线圈的一端相连，原边发射线圈的另一端与逆变电路交流侧的另一端相连；所述副边接收电路包括副边接收线圈、副边并联补偿电容、副边串联补偿电感以及整流电路，所述副边接收线圈与原边发射线圈通过电磁耦合，副边接收线圈的一端与副边并联补偿电容的一端以及副边串联补偿电感的一端相连，副边串联补偿电感的另一端与整流电路交流侧的一端相连，所述副边接收线圈的另一端与副边并联补偿电容的另一端以及整流电路交流侧的另一端相连；两组副边接收电路中的整流电路直流侧并联后为电动汽车电池充电。An offset-adaptive wireless charging topology for electric vehicles, comprising: a DC power supply, an inverter circuit, a primary-side series compensation capacitor, a primary-side transmitting coil, and two sets of secondary-side receiving circuits; the DC power of the inverter circuit One end of the AC side of the inverter circuit is connected to one end of the primary side series compensation capacitor, and the other end of the primary side series compensation capacitor is connected to the primary side transmitting coil The other end of the primary transmitting coil is connected to the other end of the AC side of the inverter circuit; the secondary receiving circuit includes a secondary receiving coil, a secondary parallel compensation capacitor, a secondary series compensation inductor, and a rectifier circuit. The receiving coil on the secondary side is electromagnetically coupled to the transmitting coil on the primary side, one end of the receiving coil on the secondary side is connected to one end of the parallel compensation capacitor on the secondary side and one end of the series compensation inductor on the secondary side, and the other end of the series compensation inductor on the secondary side communicates with the rectifier circuit The other end of the receiving coil on the secondary side is connected to the other end of the parallel compensation capacitor on the secondary side and the other end on the AC side of the rectifier circuit; the DC side of the rectifier circuit in the two sets of secondary receiving circuits is connected in parallel to form an electric vehicle Charging batteries.
当原副边线圈发生偏移时，在两组副边接收电路的相互配合下，本发明结构可以呈现良好的偏移自适应性能，系统可以在较大的偏移范围内维持稳定的功率传输。When the primary and secondary coils are offset, under the mutual cooperation of the two sets of secondary receiving circuits, the structure of the present invention can exhibit good offset adaptive performance, and the system can maintain stable power transmission within a large offset range .
进一步的，所述逆变电路采用半桥逆变结构、全桥逆变结构或推挽式逆变结构。Further, the inverter circuit adopts a half-bridge inverter structure, a full-bridge inverter structure or a push-pull inverter structure.
进一步的，所述原边发射线圈和副边接收线圈采用绕制有利兹线的磁芯，所述磁芯采用导磁材料。Further, the primary transmitting coil and the secondary receiving coil adopt a magnetic core wound with Litz wire, and the magnetic core adopts a magnetically permeable material.
进一步的，两组副边接收电路中的副边接收线圈相互解耦。Further, the secondary receiving coils in the two groups of secondary receiving circuits are decoupled from each other.
进一步的，所述副边并联补偿电容分别与副边接收线圈和副边串联补偿电感谐振匹配。Further, the secondary side parallel compensation capacitor is resonantly matched with the secondary side receiving coil and the secondary side series compensation inductor respectively.
本发明副边接收部分采用两独立接收线圈的方式，且线圈输出分别独立接补偿电路及整流电路，在整流输出的直流侧进行并联，使得两个独立接收线圈既不相互影响，又可以互补工作；本发明系统在发生偏移时，一个线圈的耦合下降，另一个线圈的耦合上升，由于两者输出各自独立，仅在直流侧进行叠加，因此传输是完全互补的；再结合副边并联电容及串联电感的补偿拓扑，使得本发明系统在较大偏移范围内都可以维持稳定的功率传输。The receiving part of the secondary side of the present invention adopts the mode of two independent receiving coils, and the output of the coils is independently connected to the compensation circuit and the rectification circuit, and is connected in parallel on the DC side of the rectification output, so that the two independent receiving coils do not affect each other and can work complementary ; When the system of the present invention deviates, the coupling of one coil drops, and the coupling of the other coil rises. Since the two outputs are independent, they are only superimposed on the DC side, so the transmission is completely complementary; combined with the secondary parallel capacitance And the compensation topology of the series inductance enables the system of the present invention to maintain stable power transmission within a large offset range.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明无线充电系统的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the wireless charging system of the present invention.
图2(a)和图2(b)分别为本发明松耦合变压器两种形式的结构示意图。Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2(b) are schematic structural diagrams of two forms of the loose coupling transformer of the present invention respectively.
图3为本发明无线充电系统原副边线圈偏移尺寸与耦合系数的关系示意图。3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the offset size of the primary and secondary coils and the coupling coefficient of the wireless charging system of the present invention.
图4(a)为本发明无线充电系统的等效电路模型示意图。Fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit model of the wireless charging system of the present invention.
图4(b)为本发明系统副边两独立线圈及其电路等效后的结构示意图。Fig. 4(b) is a structural schematic diagram of two independent coils on the secondary side of the system of the present invention and their circuit equivalents.
图5为本发明无线充电系统的电压增益曲线示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a voltage gain curve of the wireless charging system of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了更为具体地描述本发明，下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。In order to describe the present invention more specifically, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，本发明具有偏移自适应特性的电动汽车无线充电拓扑结构，包括依次连接的直流电源1、逆变电路2、原边串联补偿电容3、原副边耦合线圈4以及副边接收电路；直流电源1与逆变电路2连接，提供高频交流电源；原边串联补偿电容3与原边发射线圈串联在逆变电路2的输出端；副边接收电路为两独立接收线圈连接两独立副边补偿电路及其整流滤波电路9和10，经输出直流并联后用于电动汽车电池11充电；原副边耦合线圈4发生偏移时，在两独立接收电路的相互配合下，该系统可以呈现良好的偏移自适应性能，系统可以在较大的偏移范围内维持稳定的功率传输。As shown in Figure 1, the wireless charging topology structure of electric vehicles with offset adaptive characteristics in the present invention includes a DC power supply 1, an inverter circuit 2, a primary side series compensation capacitor 3, a primary side coupling coil 4, and a secondary side connected in sequence. Side receiving circuit; DC power supply 1 is connected with inverter circuit 2 to provide high-frequency AC power; primary side series compensation capacitor 3 and primary side transmitting coil are connected in series at the output end of inverter circuit 2; secondary side receiving circuit is two independent receiving coils Connect two independent secondary side compensation circuits and their rectifying and filtering circuits 9 and 10, and use them to charge the electric vehicle battery 11 after the output DC is connected in parallel; when the original secondary side coupling coil 4 is offset, under the mutual cooperation of the two independent receiving circuits, The system can exhibit good offset adaptive performance, and the system can maintain stable power transmission in a large offset range.
原边串联补偿电容3、副边并联补偿电容5和6、副边串联补偿电感7和8与原副边耦合线圈4构成谐振网络；副边的整流滤波电路9和10将谐振网络输出的高频交流电转换为直流电并进行并联输出到电动汽车电池11。The primary side series compensation capacitor 3, the secondary side parallel compensation capacitors 5 and 6, the secondary side series compensation inductors 7 and 8, and the primary secondary side coupling coil 4 form a resonant network; The high-frequency alternating current is converted into direct current and outputted in parallel to the battery 11 of the electric vehicle.
本发明中发射线圈与接收线圈的结构既可以采用如图2(a)所示的原边单个发射线圈、副边两个独立接收线圈的形式；也可以采用如图2(b)所示的对称模式，即原边两个独立的发射线圈、副边单个接收线圈；其中两独立线圈之间既在磁路上无相互耦合，也在输出上没有电路的直接连接。In the present invention, the structure of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil can adopt the form of a single transmitting coil on the primary side and two independent receiving coils on the secondary side as shown in Figure 2 (a); Symmetrical mode, that is, two independent transmitting coils on the primary side and a single receiving coil on the secondary side; there is no mutual coupling between the two independent coils on the magnetic circuit, and there is no direct connection of the circuit on the output.
为验证本发明的可行性，对发射线圈和接收线圈进行实验验证，本实施方式发射线圈和接收线圈尺寸均为600mm*600mm，原边线圈与副边线圈相对而置，在空间高度上距离200mm，原边线圈与副边线圈均采用0.1mm*400股利兹线绕制。In order to verify the feasibility of the present invention, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are experimentally verified. The size of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil in this embodiment is 600mm*600mm. , Both the primary coil and the secondary coil are wound with 0.1mm*400 strands of Litz wire.
图3为应用实例在不同偏移下的耦合测试结果，由图3示可见，在固定原副边正对间距200mm的条件下，当线圈发生偏移时，原边对副边其中一个线圈的耦合下降，而对另一个线圈的耦合上升，由于副边两线圈独立，因此原边对副边的整体耦合效果为两者叠加。由图3中可以看出，原副边线圈整体耦合效果对偏移情况不敏感，在发生一半尺寸的偏移时，系统依然能保持较高的耦合水平。Figure 3 shows the coupling test results of the application example under different offsets. It can be seen from Figure 3 that under the condition of fixing the distance between the primary side and the secondary side at 200 mm, when the coil is offset, the primary side is opposite to one of the secondary side coils. The coupling decreases, while the coupling to the other coil increases. Since the two coils on the secondary side are independent, the overall coupling effect of the primary side to the secondary side is the superposition of the two. It can be seen from Figure 3 that the overall coupling effect of the primary and secondary coils is not sensitive to the offset, and the system can still maintain a high coupling level when half-size offset occurs.
图4(a)为本发明无线充电拓扑结构的交流等效电路模型，其中Cp为原边串联补偿电容，Lp为发射线圈漏感，Ls1和Ls2分别为副边两独立接收线圈的漏感，k1、k2为原边线圈分别与副边两线圈的耦合系数，Cs1、Cs2为副边并联补偿电容，L1、L2为副边串联补偿电感。若设计副边参数使Ls1＝Ls2＝L1＝L2、Cs1＝Cs2，则副边两独立线圈及其电路可等效为图4(b)所示，其中 Figure 4(a) is the AC equivalent circuit model of the wireless charging topology of the present invention, where C p is the primary side series compensation capacitor, L p is the leakage inductance of the transmitting coil, and L s1 and L s2 are two independent receiving coils on the secondary side, respectively k 1 , k 2 are the coupling coefficients between the primary coil and the two secondary coils respectively, C s1 , C s2 are the parallel compensation capacitors on the secondary side, and L 1 , L 2 are the series compensation inductances on the secondary side. If the parameters of the secondary side are designed so that L s1 = L s2 = L 1 = L 2 , C s1 = C s2 , then the two independent coils and their circuits on the secondary side can be equivalent to those shown in Figure 4(b), where
图5为本发明无线充电拓扑结构的电压增益曲线，由曲线图可以看出，当系统工作在所设计的谐振频率工作点时，其传输特性即电压增益不会随负载的变化而改变，能够维持稳定的电压增益传输特性，因此对于电动汽车电池这一阻抗特性变化较大的负载来说，该系统可以很好地适应此负载对象。Figure 5 is the voltage gain curve of the wireless charging topology of the present invention. It can be seen from the graph that when the system works at the designed resonant frequency operating point, its transmission characteristics, that is, the voltage gain will not change with the change of the load, and can be A stable voltage gain transfer characteristic is maintained, so the system can well adapt to the load object of the electric vehicle battery, which has a large impedance characteristic change.
上述对实施例的描述是为便于本技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对上述实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，对于本发明做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description of the embodiments is for those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and apply the present invention. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to the above embodiments, and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative efforts. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN109130903A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-04 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of low-pressure high-power wireless charging system of bilateral LCCL-T topology |
| CN109245231A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-18 | 浙江大学 | A kind of wireless charging topological structure with nature constant pressure and flow output characteristics |
| CN109274183A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-25 | 西南交通大学 | A wireless energy transmission system with high anti-offset characteristics |
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| CN111682651A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | An offset-enhanced dynamic wireless charging structure |
| CN112260414A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-22 | 浙江大学 | A wireless power transmission device using three-coil structure to improve anti-offset capability |
| CN112491154A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-module SISO circuit topology and control method for receiving end of high-power dynamic wireless power supply system of electric automobile |
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| CN109245231A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-18 | 浙江大学 | A kind of wireless charging topological structure with nature constant pressure and flow output characteristics |
| CN109274183A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-25 | 西南交通大学 | A wireless energy transmission system with high anti-offset characteristics |
| CN109835201A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-04 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of wireless charging system for electric automobile electromagnetic mechanism and preparation method thereof |
| CN110729820A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2020-01-24 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Unmanned aerial vehicle and its portable wireless receiving unit, anti-offset coupling coil for wireless charging |
| CN110729820B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2023-12-26 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Unmanned aerial vehicle and take wireless receiving element and take anti skew coupling coil for its wireless charging |
| CN110571947A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2019-12-13 | 上海瞳鳗智能科技有限公司 | Multifunctional mode circuit and wireless power transmission system |
| WO2021093708A1 (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2021-05-20 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Wireless charging apparatus, device to be charged, charging system and method, and storage medium |
| CN113541279A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-10-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | An electronic device, method and wireless charging system |
| CN111682651B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2023-09-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Offset enhanced dynamic wireless charging structure |
| CN111682651A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | An offset-enhanced dynamic wireless charging structure |
| CN112260414A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-22 | 浙江大学 | A wireless power transmission device using three-coil structure to improve anti-offset capability |
| CN112491154A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-module SISO circuit topology and control method for receiving end of high-power dynamic wireless power supply system of electric automobile |
| CN112751428A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-05-04 | 武汉大学 | Working condition adaptive multi-channel interconnected wireless power supply system and method |
| CN114932817A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-08-23 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | Wireless receiving circuit and dynamic wireless power supply device |
| CN115246330A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-10-28 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Wireless charging primary side topology self-adaptive control method and system for electric automobile |
| CN115447409A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-12-09 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Secondary Voltage Feedback System for Wireless Charging Vehicles Based on Extra Coupling Channel |
| CN116231883A (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2023-06-06 | 广东工业大学 | Multi-degree-of-freedom symmetrical dynamic circuit compensation topological structure |
| CN116231883B (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2023-09-15 | 广东工业大学 | A multi-degree-of-freedom symmetrical dynamic circuit compensation topology |
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