CN108120495A - A kind of wind generating set vibration condition monitoring system based on wireless network - Google Patents
A kind of wind generating set vibration condition monitoring system based on wireless network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于无线网络的风电机组振动状态监测系统，涉及风电机组振动监测技术领域。该系统包括数据采集单元、无线传输单元、数据处理及故障诊断单元和远程故障诊断单元；各个风电机组的数据采集单元采集并处理风电机组传动链上的振动信号，再通过无线传输单元与数据处理及故障诊断单元之间进行数据通信，无线传输网络采用主干网与子网相结合的模式，数据处理及故障诊断单元根据系统预设的控制策略对各个风电机组的实时数据和历史数据进行综合分析与诊断，远程故障诊断单元实现远程故障诊断。本发明对于已投运但没有安装振动状态监测的风电机组，能有效避免网络拥堵，提高风电机组状态监测效率，降低监测强度，避免事故和损坏发生。
The invention provides a wireless network-based vibration state monitoring system for wind turbines, and relates to the technical field of vibration monitoring for wind turbines. The system includes a data acquisition unit, a wireless transmission unit, a data processing and fault diagnosis unit, and a remote fault diagnosis unit; the data acquisition unit of each wind turbine collects and processes the vibration signal on the transmission chain of the wind turbine, and then communicates with the data processing unit through the wireless transmission unit. The wireless transmission network adopts the mode of combining the backbone network and the sub-network, and the data processing and fault diagnosis unit comprehensively analyzes the real-time data and historical data of each wind turbine according to the control strategy preset by the system With diagnosis, the remote fault diagnosis unit realizes remote fault diagnosis. For wind turbines that have been put into operation but not installed with vibration state monitoring, the present invention can effectively avoid network congestion, improve the efficiency of wind turbine state monitoring, reduce monitoring intensity, and avoid accidents and damages.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及风电机组振动监测技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于无线网络的风电机组振动状态监测系统。The invention relates to the technical field of wind turbine vibration monitoring, in particular to a wireless network-based vibration state monitoring system for wind turbines.
背景技术Background technique
风力发电机组的叶片、齿轮箱及其他传动部件常年运行在高温、严寒、盐雾、高原等极端自然环境下，而且机舱位于高空，维护不便。如果采用风电机组状态监测和故障诊断技术，不仅可以变故障停机为计划停机，减少停机会避免事故扩大化，使企业对设备的维修管理从事故障性维修、计划维修逐步过渡到以状态监测为基础预防性维修。保障风电机组安全可靠地运行，提高企业设备管理现代化水平，而且在故障诊断的同时还能及时发现机械结构设计的缺陷及零部件选型上的不合理，为设备的优化设计提供切实可靠的依据。The blades, gearboxes and other transmission components of wind turbines operate in extreme natural environments such as high temperature, severe cold, salt spray, and plateau all year round, and the nacelle is located at high altitude, making maintenance inconvenient. If the wind turbine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis technology is used, not only can the downtime be changed into a planned downtime, but the reduction of the downtime will avoid the expansion of the accident, so that the enterprise's maintenance management of equipment can gradually transition from faulty maintenance and planned maintenance to condition monitoring. preventive maintenance. Guarantee the safe and reliable operation of wind turbines, improve the modernization level of enterprise equipment management, and detect defects in mechanical structure design and unreasonable parts selection in time during fault diagnosis, providing a reliable basis for optimal design of equipment .
对于风电机组振动状态监测系统，各测点要求的采样频率高，数据精度高，实时性强，因而形成的数据量较大。对于早期的风电场，光纤环网的链路少，链路吞吐量也小，而备用的通信链路较少，甚至部分支路光纤受损，没有备用光纤。如果直接将风电机组振动状态监测系统并入光纤环网，实时监测过程中部分大容量数据很容易导致链路拥堵，这将对风电机组的远程监控产生很大危害。如果重新敷设光纤环网，施工难度大，周期长，成本高。For the vibration state monitoring system of wind turbines, each measuring point requires high sampling frequency, high data accuracy, and strong real-time performance, so the amount of data formed is relatively large. For the early wind farms, there were few links in the optical fiber ring network, and the link throughput was also small, while there were few backup communication links, and even some branch fibers were damaged, and there was no backup fiber. If the wind turbine vibration status monitoring system is directly incorporated into the optical fiber ring network, some large-capacity data in the real-time monitoring process will easily lead to link congestion, which will cause great harm to the remote monitoring of wind turbines. If the optical fiber ring network is re-laid, the construction will be difficult, the cycle will be long, and the cost will be high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术的不足，提供一种基于无线网络的风电机组振动状态监测系统，主要用于双馈式风电机组，对于已投运但没有安装振动状态监测的风电机组，使用无线通信技术组网的方式进行数据传输，通过合理安排网络访问数据，能有效避免网络拥堵，提高风电机组的状态监测效率，降低监测强度，从而避免事故和损坏发生。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wireless network-based wind turbine vibration state monitoring system, which is mainly used for double-fed wind turbines. Wind turbines use wireless communication technology networking for data transmission. By reasonably arranging network access data, network congestion can be effectively avoided, wind turbine status monitoring efficiency can be improved, and monitoring intensity can be reduced, thereby avoiding accidents and damage.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采取的技术方案是：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一种基于无线网络的风电机组振动状态监测系统，包括数据采集单元、无线传输单元和数据处理及故障诊断单元；A wireless network-based vibration state monitoring system for wind turbines, including a data acquisition unit, a wireless transmission unit, and a data processing and fault diagnosis unit;
所述数据采集单元包括振动传感器模块、综合采集处理模块和微型工控机，所述振动传感器模块的输出端连接综合采集处理模块的输入端，综合采集处理模块的输出端连接微型工控机的输入端；The data acquisition unit includes a vibration sensor module, a comprehensive acquisition and processing module and a micro industrial computer, the output of the vibration sensor module is connected to the input of the comprehensive acquisition and processing module, and the output of the comprehensive acquisition and processing module is connected to the input of the micro industrial computer ;
所述振动传感器模块安装在风电机组传动链上的主轴、齿轮箱、发电机的多个位置，包括加速度传感器、声音传感器、转速传感器；其中加速度传感器包括低频加速度传感和中频加速度传感器，低频加速度传感器分别安装在主轴前轴承水平位置、主轴后轴承轴向位置、齿轮箱一级行星齿轮水平位置；中频加速度传感器分别安装在齿轮箱二级行星齿轮垂直位置、齿轮箱中间轴轴向位置、齿轮箱高速轴输出端水平位置、发电机驱动端水平位置、发电机非驱动端水平位置；声音传感器分别安装在齿轮箱底部和机舱；转速传感器安装在发电机驱动端的刹车盘附近；The vibration sensor module is installed in multiple positions of the main shaft, the gear box and the generator on the transmission chain of the wind turbine, including an acceleration sensor, a sound sensor, and a rotational speed sensor; wherein the acceleration sensor includes a low-frequency acceleration sensor and an intermediate-frequency acceleration sensor, and the low-frequency acceleration sensor The sensors are respectively installed at the horizontal position of the front bearing of the main shaft, the axial position of the rear bearing of the main shaft, and the horizontal position of the first-stage planetary gear of the gearbox; the intermediate frequency acceleration sensors are respectively installed at the vertical position of the second-stage planetary gear of the gearbox, the axial position of the intermediate shaft of the gearbox, The horizontal position of the output end of the high-speed shaft of the gearbox, the horizontal position of the driving end of the generator, and the horizontal position of the non-driving end of the generator; the sound sensors are respectively installed at the bottom of the gearbox and the engine room; the speed sensor is installed near the brake disc at the driving end of the generator;
所述综合采集处理模块包括安装在机舱内的一个或多个同步数据采集卡和光电转换模块，同步数据采集卡通过光电转换模块和光纤与微型工控机连接，同步采集卡用于采集、处理振动传感器信号，光电转换器用于同步数据采集卡和微型工控机之间光纤信号的转换，共同完成振动传感器信号的可靠传输；The integrated acquisition and processing module includes one or more synchronous data acquisition cards and photoelectric conversion modules installed in the engine room, the synchronous data acquisition card is connected with the micro industrial computer through the photoelectric conversion module and optical fiber, and the synchronous acquisition card is used for collecting and processing vibration The sensor signal and the photoelectric converter are used to synchronize the conversion of the optical fiber signal between the data acquisition card and the micro industrial computer, and jointly complete the reliable transmission of the vibration sensor signal;
所述微型工控机安装在塔底，微型工控机与综合采集处理模块之间通过光纤连接，所述微型工控机中存储有监测软件程序一和数据库一，通过执行该程序一使微型工控机执行的功能包括，控制振动传感器模块和综合采集处理模块对风电机组振动状态进行实时监测、对监测数据进行实时分析和存储，同时，通过峰值、有效值、峭度值、峰值因数、脉冲因数、波峰因子、裕度因数这些特征参数设定不同级别的报警阈值，当采集的某传感器测定值超过设定报警阈值时，则根据系统预设的控制策略向数据处理及故障诊断单元发送报警信息和报警前后的部分数据；The micro-industrial computer is installed at the bottom of the tower, and the micro-industrial computer is connected with the comprehensive acquisition and processing module through an optical fiber. A monitoring software program and a database are stored in the micro-industrial computer, and the micro-industrial computer is executed by executing the program. The functions include controlling the vibration sensor module and the integrated acquisition and processing module to monitor the vibration status of the wind turbine in real time, and to analyze and store the monitoring data in real time. The characteristic parameters such as factor and margin factor set different levels of alarm thresholds. When the measured value of a certain sensor collected exceeds the set alarm threshold, the alarm information and alarm will be sent to the data processing and fault diagnosis unit according to the system preset control strategy. Some data before and after;
各个风电机组的数据采集单元与数据处理及故障诊断单元之间通过特定的无线传输单元进行数据通信；Data communication between the data acquisition unit and the data processing and fault diagnosis unit of each wind turbine is carried out through a specific wireless transmission unit;
所述数据处理及故障诊断单元包括设于风电场控制中心的一套服务器，该套服务器接收和处理各个风电机组内微型工控机回传的数据，通过DataSocket技术对各个风电机组的运行状态、通信状态进行同步监测，根据系统预设的控制策略对各个风电机组的实时数据和历史数据进行综合分析与诊断；该套服务器包括应用服务器、备份服务器、数据库服务器、故障诊断服务器和WEB服务器；应用服务器中安装有风电机组振动状态监测软件程序二，能与各个风电机组的微型工控机中的监测软件程序一进行同步交互，该监测软件程序二被执行时，使系统实现的功能为，监测各机组的运行状态，包括运行、停机、预警的情况，监测无线网络的信号强度、吞吐量、连接情况，执行整个系统的控制策略，同时对每个风电机组的数据采集单元进行参数修改；备份服务器负责应用服务器的冗余，防止应用服务器故障而影响整个系统；数据库服务器负责存储经过无线传输网络传输过来的各个风电机组的部分数据，用于系统的故障诊断；故障诊断服务器中安装有故障诊断软件程序一，该故障诊断软件程序一被执行时使故障诊断服务器实现的功能为，根据数据库服务器中各个风电机组的部分数据对各个风电机组的故障进行详细的图谱分析；The data processing and fault diagnosis unit includes a set of servers located in the control center of the wind farm. This set of servers receives and processes the data returned by the micro industrial computer in each wind turbine, and uses DataSocket technology to monitor the operating status and communication of each wind turbine. The status is monitored synchronously, and the real-time data and historical data of each wind turbine are comprehensively analyzed and diagnosed according to the control strategy preset by the system; the server includes an application server, a backup server, a database server, a fault diagnosis server and a WEB server; the application server Installed in the wind turbine vibration state monitoring software program 2, it can interact with the monitoring software program 1 in the micro industrial computer of each wind turbine unit. When the monitoring software program 2 is executed, the system realizes the function of monitoring each unit The operating status of the system, including operation, shutdown, and early warning, monitors the signal strength, throughput, and connection of the wireless network, executes the control strategy of the entire system, and modifies the parameters of each wind turbine data acquisition unit at the same time; the backup server is responsible for The redundancy of the application server prevents the failure of the application server from affecting the entire system; the database server is responsible for storing part of the data of each wind turbine transmitted through the wireless transmission network for the fault diagnosis of the system; the fault diagnosis software program is installed in the fault diagnosis server 1. When the fault diagnosis software program is executed, the function of the fault diagnosis server is to perform detailed map analysis on the faults of each wind turbine according to the partial data of each wind turbine in the database server;
在风电场控制中心的服务器中的监测软件程序二中还包括数据记录功能，当发生网络故障导致监测系统不能正确传输数据时，进行历史数据记录，在正常传输后能找到历史记录；The monitoring software program 2 in the server of the wind farm control center also includes a data recording function. When a network failure occurs and the monitoring system cannot transmit data correctly, historical data recording is performed, and the historical records can be found after normal transmission;
所述无线传输单元包括多个无线发射终端、多个无线中继模块和多个无线接收终端；所述微型工控机通过多模光纤或者室外屏蔽网线与无线发射终端进行双向无线连接，将采集的数据输入无线传输单元进行无线传输，各无线发射终端通过无线传输网络经由无线中继模块的接力与无线接收终端进行双向无线连接，无线接收终端与数据处理及故障诊断单元之间通过多模光纤或者室外屏蔽网线进行双向连接；The wireless transmission unit includes a plurality of wireless transmitting terminals, a plurality of wireless relay modules and a plurality of wireless receiving terminals; the micro industrial computer carries out two-way wireless connection with the wireless transmitting terminal through a multimode optical fiber or an outdoor shielded network cable, and collects The data is input into the wireless transmission unit for wireless transmission. Each wireless transmitting terminal performs two-way wireless connection with the wireless receiving terminal through the wireless transmission network through the relay of the wireless relay module. Outdoor shielded network cable for two-way connection;
所述无线发射终端，安装在风电机组附近区域，并附带高增益定向天线，用于发送数据采集单元的同步数据；所述无线中继模块，安装在多个风电机组的中心区域，附加全向天线和双极化板状天线，用于接收链路中的多个风电机组信号，同时将无线信号从一个中继点接力传递到下一个中继点，并形成新的无线覆盖区域，构成多个无线中继覆盖点接力模式；所述无线接收终端，安装在风电场控制中心附近区域，附加切割栅状抛物面天线，用于将多个风电机组信号最终传送到数据处理及故障诊断单元；The wireless transmitting terminal is installed in the vicinity of the wind turbines, and is attached with a high-gain directional antenna for sending the synchronous data of the data acquisition unit; the wireless relay module is installed in the central area of multiple wind turbines, with an additional omnidirectional The antenna and the dual-polarized plate antenna are used to receive the signals of multiple wind turbines in the link, and at the same time relay the wireless signal from one relay point to the next relay point, and form a new wireless coverage area, forming a multi- A wireless relay coverage point relay mode; the wireless receiving terminal is installed in the area near the wind farm control center, and an additional cutting grid parabolic antenna is used to finally transmit the signals of multiple wind turbines to the data processing and fault diagnosis unit;
所述无线传输网络采用主干网与子网相结合的模式，与风电场原有的光纤环网完全独立，其中主干网负责数据远传，子网负责局部数据汇聚，以中继的方式扩大无线覆盖范围；The wireless transmission network adopts the combination of backbone network and sub-network, which is completely independent from the original optical fiber ring network of the wind farm. The backbone network is responsible for remote data transmission, and the sub-network is responsible for local data aggregation. coverage;
根据不同的风电机组位置分布情况，对应采取不同的无线网络传输模型，具体包括单跳网络模型、多跳网络的平面结构模型、多跳网络的分层结构模型；对于距离风电场控制中心10公里可视范围内的风电机组，采用单跳网络模型，具体采用AP(Access Point)和Client组合模式，该模型中不使用无线中继模块；对于分布均匀且距离风电场控制中心5公里以上的风电机组，或者近距离非可视范围的风电机组，采用多跳网络的平面结构模型，具体采用Mesh-only模式；对于距离风电场控制中心10公里以上的风电机组，采用多跳网络的分层结构模型，具体采用Mesh-AP模式或者无线网桥模式；According to the location distribution of different wind turbines, different wireless network transmission models are adopted correspondingly, including single-hop network model, multi-hop network planar structure model, and multi-hop network layered structure model; for a distance of 10 kilometers from the wind farm control center For the wind turbines within the visible range, a single-hop network model is adopted, specifically the combination mode of AP (Access Point) and Client, and the wireless relay module is not used in this model; for wind turbines that are evenly distributed and more than 5 kilometers away from the wind farm control center Units, or wind turbines that are close to the non-visible range, use a multi-hop network planar structure model, specifically Mesh-only mode; for wind turbines that are more than 10 kilometers away from the wind farm control center, use a multi-hop network layered structure Model, specifically using Mesh-AP mode or wireless bridge mode;
所述无线网络传输模型均基于分簇的方法，将风电机组按照不同的原则组成为不同的簇，并且周期性地进行分簇，每个簇设有一个簇首风电机组和若干簇成员风电机组，簇中的簇成员风电机组是完成信息采集的基本单元，而簇首风电机组负责收集簇内信息，并与其它簇进行信息交换，形成一个子网汇集，主网远传的层级结构；每个簇中及相关联的簇之间，均按系统预设的控制策略进行数据传输；The wireless network transmission models are all based on the clustering method, and the wind turbines are organized into different clusters according to different principles, and are clustered periodically, and each cluster has a cluster head wind turbine and several cluster member wind turbines , the cluster member wind turbines in the cluster are the basic units to complete information collection, and the cluster head wind turbines are responsible for collecting information in the cluster and exchanging information with other clusters to form a hierarchical structure of subnet collection and main network remote transmission; In each cluster and between associated clusters, data transmission is carried out according to the control strategy preset by the system;
所述控制策略包括：当风电机组正常运行时，各个簇中的风电机组与风电场控制中心的服务器之间按照时间差定时发送一定的实时数据；当某个风电机组出现故障预警时，则优先发送该风电机组的预警数据；如果同簇中多个风电机组同时预警，则按照监测软件预先设定的优先级规则分别进行数据传输和发送控制请求命令；当风电机组与风电场控制中心的服务器之间数据传输进入空闲时段或者通信链路中数据量较小时，再补发之前未发送的数据；当风电场控制中心的服务器优先查看某个风电机组运行状况及实时数据时，则优先传输该风电机组的实时数据；当关联簇中的多个机组同时发生故障预警时，则需要根据故障优先级及关联链路的机组数量重新规划关联簇；The control strategy includes: when the wind turbines are running normally, certain real-time data is sent regularly according to the time difference between the wind turbines in each cluster and the server of the wind farm control center; The early warning data of the wind turbine; if multiple wind turbines in the same cluster give early warning at the same time, data transmission and control request commands are respectively carried out according to the priority rules preset by the monitoring software; when the wind turbine and the server of the wind farm control center When the inter-time data transmission enters an idle period or the amount of data in the communication link is small, the data that has not been sent before will be reissued; when the server of the wind farm control center checks the operating status and real-time data of a certain wind turbine first, it will first transmit the wind power Real-time data of the unit; when multiple units in the associated cluster have fault warnings at the same time, it is necessary to re-plan the associated cluster according to the priority of the failure and the number of units in the associated link;
该系统还包括远程故障诊断单元，所述数据处理及故障诊断单元的一套服务器中还包括WEB服务器，负责系统的远程访问，便于专家进行远程故障诊断；远程故障诊断单元通过风电场的外网路由器与风电场控制中心的WEB服务器连接，实现两者之间的互联网通信，远程故障诊断单元中安装有故障诊断软件程序二，当该故障诊断软件程序二被执行时，远程故障诊断单元实现的功能包括：将数据处理及故障诊断单元的部分数据导出传输至远程诊断中心，通过各种图谱分析和数据库、知识库数据对风电机组振动状态进行离线故障定位，最终给出维修方案，实现远程故障诊断。The system also includes a remote fault diagnosis unit, and a set of servers of the data processing and fault diagnosis unit also includes a WEB server, which is responsible for remote access to the system and is convenient for experts to perform remote fault diagnosis; the remote fault diagnosis unit passes through the external network of the wind farm The router is connected to the WEB server of the wind farm control center to realize the Internet communication between the two. The fault diagnosis software program 2 is installed in the remote fault diagnosis unit. When the fault diagnosis software program 2 is executed, the remote fault diagnosis unit realizes Functions include: export and transmit part of the data from the data processing and fault diagnosis unit to the remote diagnosis center, perform offline fault location on the vibration status of wind turbines through various map analysis and database and knowledge base data, and finally give a maintenance plan to realize remote faults diagnosis.
采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于：本发明提供的一种基于无线网络的风电机组振动状态监测系统，主要用于双馈式风电机组，采用的无线传输网络与风电场原有的光纤环网完全独立，互不影响；数据的容量可以不受限制，通过合理安排网络访问数据，能有效避免网络拥堵，提高风电机组的状态监测效率，降低监测强度；监测数据从风电机组传输至风电场控制中心服务器之后，还可以通过互联网直接传输至远程诊断中心，而且能实现风电机组数据采集终端、风电场控制中心振动监测与故障诊断服务器以及远程振动监测与故障诊断服务器三者之间的远程互通，这样可以根据故障诊断需求，及时查看原始数据，远程调整风电机组数据采集单元以及风电场控制中心振动监测与故障诊断单元，通过监测故障从而避免事故和损坏发生。这对整个风电机组振动状态监测及故障诊断系统的开发以及调试提供很好的平台。The beneficial effects produced by adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme are: a wireless network-based wind turbine vibration state monitoring system provided by the present invention is mainly used for double-fed wind turbines, and the wireless transmission network adopted and the original optical fiber ring of the wind farm The network is completely independent and does not affect each other; the data capacity can be unlimited. By reasonably arranging network access data, network congestion can be effectively avoided, the status monitoring efficiency of wind turbines can be improved, and the monitoring intensity can be reduced; monitoring data is transmitted from wind turbines to wind farms After the control center server, it can also be directly transmitted to the remote diagnosis center through the Internet, and can realize the remote intercommunication between the wind turbine data acquisition terminal, the vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis server of the wind farm control center, and the remote vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis server , so that according to the fault diagnosis requirements, the original data can be checked in time, and the data acquisition unit of the wind turbine and the vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis unit of the wind farm control center can be adjusted remotely, so as to avoid accidents and damages by monitoring faults. This provides a good platform for the development and debugging of the entire wind turbine vibration status monitoring and fault diagnosis system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例提供的基于无线网络的风电机组振动状态监测系统结构框图；Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of the wind turbine vibration state monitoring system based on the wireless network provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的单跳网络模型拓扑图；FIG. 2 is a topological diagram of a single-hop network model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的自组网(Mesh)拓扑图；Fig. 3 is the ad hoc network (Mesh) topological diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
图4为本发明实施例提供的多跳网络平面结构模型拓扑图；FIG. 4 is a topological diagram of a multi-hop network plane structure model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的多跳网络分层结构模型拓扑图。FIG. 5 is a topological diagram of a multi-hop network layered structure model provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，本实施例中，基于无线网络的风电机组振动状态监测系统包括数据采集单元、无线传输单元、数据处理及故障诊断单元和远程故障诊断单元。As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the wireless network-based vibration state monitoring system for wind turbines includes a data acquisition unit, a wireless transmission unit, a data processing and fault diagnosis unit, and a remote fault diagnosis unit.
数据采集单元包括振动传感器模块、综合采集处理模块和微型工控机，负责单个风电机组振动状态监测数据的采集、处理、存储、预警判断。The data acquisition unit includes a vibration sensor module, a comprehensive acquisition and processing module, and a micro industrial computer, which is responsible for the acquisition, processing, storage, and early warning judgment of the vibration status monitoring data of a single wind turbine.
在风电机组的主轴、齿轮箱、发电机等传动链上多个位置安装不同的振动传感器，包括低频加速度传感器、中频加速度传感器、声音传感器、转速传感器。其中低频加速度传感器分别安装在主轴前轴承水平位置、主轴后轴承轴向位置、齿轮箱一级行星齿轮水平位置；中频加速度传感器分别安装在齿轮箱二级行星齿轮垂直位置、齿轮箱中间轴轴向位置、齿轮箱高速轴输出端水平位置、发电机驱动端水平位置、发电机非驱动端水平位置；声音传感器分别安装在齿轮箱底部和机舱；转速传感器安装在发电机驱动端的刹车盘附近。Install different vibration sensors at multiple positions on the transmission chain of the main shaft, gearbox, generator, etc. of the wind turbine, including low-frequency acceleration sensors, intermediate-frequency acceleration sensors, sound sensors, and speed sensors. The low-frequency acceleration sensors are respectively installed at the horizontal position of the front bearing of the main shaft, the axial position of the rear bearing of the main shaft, and the horizontal position of the first-stage planetary gear of the gearbox; the intermediate-frequency acceleration sensors are respectively installed at the vertical position of the second-stage planetary gear of the gearbox and the axial position, the horizontal position of the output end of the high-speed shaft of the gearbox, the horizontal position of the generator drive end, and the horizontal position of the generator non-drive end; the sound sensor is installed at the bottom of the gearbox and the engine room respectively; the speed sensor is installed near the brake disc at the generator drive end.
综合采集处理模块包括机舱内安装的一个或多个同步数据采集卡和光电转换模块，同步数据采集卡通过光电转换模块和光纤与微型工控机连接，同步采集卡用于采集、处理振动传感器信号，光电转换器用于同步数据采集卡和微型工控机之间光纤信号的转换，共同完成振动传感器信号的可靠传输。The comprehensive acquisition and processing module includes one or more synchronous data acquisition cards and photoelectric conversion modules installed in the engine room. The synchronous data acquisition card is connected to the micro industrial computer through the photoelectric conversion module and optical fiber. The synchronous acquisition card is used to collect and process vibration sensor signals. The photoelectric converter is used to convert the optical fiber signal between the synchronous data acquisition card and the micro industrial computer, and jointly complete the reliable transmission of the vibration sensor signal.
为了方便调试和维护数据采集单元，微型工控机安装塔底一台，微型工控机与综合采集处理模块之间通过光纤连接，所述微型工控机中存储有监测软件程序一和数据库一，通过执行该程序一使微型工控机执行的功能包括，控制振动传感器模块和综合采集处理模块对风电机组振动状态进行实时监测、对监测数据进行实时分析和存储，同时通过峰值、有效值、峭度值、峰值因数、脉冲因数、波峰因子、裕度因数这些特征参数设定不同级别的报警阈值，本实施例中包括一级、二级、三级报警阈值。如果某传感器测定值超过设定报警阈值，则根据系统预设的控制策略向风电场控制中心的服务器发送报警信息和报警前后的部分数据。In order to facilitate the debugging and maintenance of the data acquisition unit, a micro-industrial computer is installed at the bottom of the tower, and the micro-industrial computer is connected to the comprehensive acquisition and processing module through an optical fiber. The micro-industrial computer stores a monitoring software program 1 and a database 1. By executing The program enables the micro industrial computer to perform functions including controlling the vibration sensor module and the comprehensive acquisition and processing module to monitor the vibration status of the wind turbine in real time, and to analyze and store the monitoring data in real time. The characteristic parameters such as crest factor, pulse factor, crest factor, and margin factor set different levels of alarm thresholds, and this embodiment includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alarm thresholds. If the measured value of a certain sensor exceeds the set alarm threshold, the alarm information and some data before and after the alarm will be sent to the server of the wind farm control center according to the preset control strategy of the system.
数据处理及故障诊断单元包括安装于风电场控制中心的一套服务器，多个服务器共同协作，用于接收和处理各个风电机组内工控机回传的数据。通过DataSocket技术对各个风电机组的运行状态、通信状态进行同步监测，根据系统的控制策略对各个风电机组的实时数据和历史数据进行综合分析和诊断。该套服务器包括应用服务器、备份服务器、数据库服务器、故障诊断服务器和WEB服务器。应用服务器中安装有风电机组振动状态监测软件程序二，能与各个风电机组的微型工控机中的监测软件程序一进行同步交互，该监测软件程序二被执行时，使系统实现的功能为，监测各机组的运行状态，包括运行、停机、预警的情况，监测无线网络的信号强度、吞吐量、连接情况，执行整个系统的控制策略，同时对每个风电机组的数据采集单元进行参数修改；备份服务器负责应用服务器的冗余，防止应用服务器故障而影响整个系统；数据库服务器负责存储经过无线传输网络传输过来的各个风电机组的部分数据，用于系统的故障诊断；故障诊断服务器中安装有故障诊断软件程序一，该故障诊断软件程序一被执行时使故障诊断服务器实现的功能为，根据数据库服务器中各个风电机组的部分数据对各个风电机组的故障进行详细的图谱分析；WEB服务器负责系统的远程访问，便于专家进行远程故障诊断。为了提高监测系统的整体稳定性，保证某些重要的实时参数有记录，在风电场控制中心服务器的监测软件中加入数据记录功能，保证当监测系统发生网络故障不能正确传输数据时，进行历史数据记录，在正常传输后能找到历史记录。The data processing and fault diagnosis unit includes a set of servers installed in the control center of the wind farm. Multiple servers work together to receive and process the data returned by the industrial computer in each wind turbine. Synchronously monitor the operation status and communication status of each wind turbine through DataSocket technology, and comprehensively analyze and diagnose the real-time data and historical data of each wind turbine according to the control strategy of the system. This set of servers includes application server, backup server, database server, fault diagnosis server and WEB server. The application server is installed with the vibration state monitoring software program 2 of the wind turbine, which can interact with the monitoring software program 1 in the micro industrial computer of each wind turbine unit. When the monitoring software program 2 is executed, the system realizes the function of monitoring The operating status of each unit, including operation, shutdown, and early warning, monitors the signal strength, throughput, and connection status of the wireless network, executes the control strategy of the entire system, and modifies the parameters of the data acquisition unit of each wind turbine at the same time; backup The server is responsible for the redundancy of the application server to prevent the failure of the application server from affecting the entire system; the database server is responsible for storing part of the data of each wind turbine transmitted through the wireless transmission network for system fault diagnosis; the fault diagnosis server is equipped with fault diagnosis Software program 1, when the fault diagnosis software program 1 is executed, the function of the fault diagnosis server is to perform detailed map analysis on the faults of each wind turbine according to the partial data of each wind turbine in the database server; the WEB server is responsible for the remote control of the system. access for remote troubleshooting by experts. In order to improve the overall stability of the monitoring system and ensure that some important real-time parameters are recorded, a data recording function is added to the monitoring software of the wind farm control center server to ensure that when the monitoring system fails to transmit data correctly, the historical data will be recorded. Records, the historical records can be found after normal transmission.
各个风电机组的微型工控机与数据处理及故障诊断单元的服务器之间通过无线传输单元采用特定的无线传输网络进行数据通信。The micro industrial computer of each wind turbine and the server of the data processing and fault diagnosis unit use a specific wireless transmission network for data communication through the wireless transmission unit.
无线传输网络采用主干网与子网相结合的模式，与风电场原有的光纤环网完全独立，其中主干网负责数据远传，子网负责局部数据汇聚，以中继的方式可实现扩大无线覆盖范围，达到无线网络漫游，从而解决多机组远距离传输问题。The wireless transmission network adopts the combination of backbone network and sub-network, which is completely independent from the original optical fiber ring network of the wind farm. The backbone network is responsible for data remote transmission, and the sub-network is responsible for local data aggregation. The expansion of wireless networks can be realized by means of relay. Coverage, to achieve wireless network roaming, so as to solve the problem of long-distance transmission of multiple units.
无线传输单元包括多个无线发射终端、多个无线中继模块和多个无线接收终端。微型工控机通过多模光纤或者室外屏蔽网线与无线发射终端进行双向无线连接，将采集的数据输入无线传输单元进行无线传输，各无线发射终端通过所述特定的无线传输网络经由无线中继模块的接力与无线接收终端进行双向无线连接，无线接收终端与数据处理及故障诊断单元之间通过多模光纤或者室外屏蔽网线进行双向连接。The wireless transmission unit includes multiple wireless transmitting terminals, multiple wireless relay modules and multiple wireless receiving terminals. The micro industrial computer performs two-way wireless connection with the wireless transmitting terminal through multi-mode optical fiber or outdoor shielded network cable, and inputs the collected data into the wireless transmission unit for wireless transmission. Each wireless transmitting terminal passes through the specific wireless transmission network through the wireless relay module. Two-way wireless connection is carried out between the relay and the wireless receiving terminal, and the two-way connection is carried out between the wireless receiving terminal and the data processing and fault diagnosis unit through multi-mode optical fiber or outdoor shielded network cable.
无线发射终端安装在风电机组附近区域，并附带高增益定向天线，一个风电机组对应一个无线发射终端，用于发送塔基内微型工控机中预处理之后的同步数据。无线中继模块安装在多个风电机组的中心区域，附加全向天线及双极化板状天线(水平波瓣120°)，用于接收链路中的多个风电机组信号，同时将无线信号从一个中继点接力传递到下一个中继点，并形成新的无线覆盖区域，从而构成多个无线中继覆盖点接力模式，最终达到延伸无线网络的盖范围的目的。无线接收终端安装在风电场控制中心附近区域，附加切割栅状抛物面天线，最终将多个风电机组信号传送到风电场控制中心的服务器群组。The wireless transmitting terminal is installed in the vicinity of the wind turbine, and is equipped with a high-gain directional antenna. One wind turbine corresponds to a wireless transmitting terminal, which is used to send the synchronous data after preprocessing in the micro industrial computer in the tower base. The wireless relay module is installed in the central area of multiple wind turbines, and an omnidirectional antenna and a dual-polarized plate antenna (horizontal lobe 120°) are attached to receive the signals of multiple wind turbines in the link, and at the same time transmit the wireless signal Relay transfer from one relay point to the next relay point, and form a new wireless coverage area, thereby forming a relay mode of multiple wireless relay coverage points, and finally achieve the purpose of extending the coverage range of the wireless network. The wireless receiving terminal is installed in the area near the wind farm control center, and a grid-shaped parabolic antenna is added to transmit the signals of multiple wind turbines to the server group of the wind farm control center.
具体实施中，无线发射终端、无线中继模块和无线接收终端主要采用型号为ENH500、ENS500、ENH700、ENH900及附加的全向天线、极化板状天线、切割栅状抛物面天线等。In the specific implementation, the wireless transmitting terminal, wireless relay module and wireless receiving terminal mainly use models ENH500, ENS500, ENH700, ENH900 and additional omnidirectional antennas, polarized plate antennas, cut grid parabolic antennas, etc.
根据不同的风电机组位置分布情况，采取不同的无线网络传输模型，包括单跳网络模型、多跳网络的平面结构、多跳网络的分层结构，其中，单跳网络模型中不使用无线中继模块，仅包括无线发射终端和无线接收终端。According to the location distribution of different wind turbines, different wireless network transmission models are adopted, including the single-hop network model, the planar structure of the multi-hop network, and the layered structure of the multi-hop network. Among them, the wireless relay is not used in the single-hop network model Module, only including wireless transmitting terminal and wireless receiving terminal.
本实施例中，采用基于分簇的方法，将整个风电场区域分成一系列虚拟的单元格，所有风电机组当作节点，根据地理位置分入相应单元格，通过协议规定每一轮次中风电机组所处的状态。同一簇中的风电机组一般只有一个被激活去感知单元格区域内的情况，其他的风电机组进入睡眠状态。在正常传输过程中，仅从第一个源节点(即无线发射终端)到汇聚节点(即无线接收终端)建立一条最短路径开始，其他节点均增量式地连接到增量树中最近的节点(即无线中继模块)上，通过不断地调整融合节点的位置来增加路径共享的数量，使得通信时的数据传输量最小。In this embodiment, the clustering-based method is adopted to divide the entire wind farm area into a series of virtual cells, and all wind turbines are regarded as nodes, which are divided into corresponding cells according to the geographical location. The state of the unit. Generally, only one of the wind turbines in the same cluster is activated to sense the situation in the cell area, and the other wind turbines enter a sleep state. In the normal transmission process, only a shortest path is established from the first source node (that is, the wireless transmitting terminal) to the sink node (that is, the wireless receiving terminal), and other nodes are incrementally connected to the nearest node in the incremental tree (that is, the wireless relay module), the number of path sharing is increased by continuously adjusting the position of the fusion node, so that the amount of data transmission during communication is minimized.
众多的风电机组按照不同的原则组成为不同的簇，每个簇都有一个簇首和若干簇成员。簇中的风电机组是完成信息采集的基本单元，而簇首主要负责收集簇内信息，并与其它簇进行信息交换，这样就行形成了一个子网汇集，主网远传的层级结构。Numerous wind turbines are organized into different clusters according to different principles, and each cluster has a cluster head and several cluster members. The wind turbines in the cluster are the basic units to complete information collection, and the cluster head is mainly responsible for collecting information in the cluster and exchanging information with other clusters, thus forming a hierarchical structure of subnet collection and main network remote transmission.
对于距离风电场控制中心10公里可视范围内的风电机组，采用单跳网络模型，这种组网模式简单快捷。一般采用AP(Access Point)和Client组合，如图2所示，如果AP连接的Client太多容易造成链路拥堵和同频干扰。For wind turbines within 10 kilometers of visual range from the wind farm control center, a single-hop network model is adopted, which is simple and fast. Generally, the combination of AP (Access Point) and Client is used, as shown in Figure 2, if there are too many Clients connected to the AP, it may cause link congestion and co-channel interference.
对于分布均匀且距离风电场控制中心5公里以上的风电机组，或者近距离非可视范围的风电机组，为了节省能量和延长网络生存时间，必须尽可能减少所传输的数据量，并缩短发射距离。因此，这种情况采用多跳网络的平面结构实现数据传输。在多跳网络结构中，无线发射终端通过一个或多个无线中继模块将所采集到的数据传送给无线接收终端，从而有效地降低通信所需的能耗。在平面结构中，各无线发射终端在组网过程中所起的作用是相同的，所有无线发射终端的地位是同等的，具有完全一致功能特性。常见的模型有Mesh自组网蜂窝网络模型，如图3所示，它的优势在于一个节点不仅能传送和接收信息，还能充当路由器对其附近节点转发信息，当某个节点链路故障时可以自动选择其他链路进行数据传输。但是随着更多节点的相互连接和可能的路径数量的增加，总的带宽也大大增加。在以数据为中心的数据采集中，汇聚节点通常采用泛洪的方式向指定区域内的所有节点发送查询消息，只有那些具有查询数据的节点才响应汇聚节点，每个节点通过多跳路径与汇聚节点进行通信，并使网络中的其他节点进行中继。当风电机组分布区域与风电场控制中心有障碍物遮挡，无法形成视距传输时，可以采用如图4所示的多跳网络平面结构模式。首先以多个簇汇集子网的数据，再通过独立的无线中继模块转发数据。For wind turbines that are evenly distributed and more than 5 kilometers away from the control center of the wind farm, or wind turbines that are close to the invisible range, in order to save energy and prolong the survival time of the network, it is necessary to reduce the amount of transmitted data as much as possible and shorten the transmission distance . Therefore, this case uses a flat structure of a multi-hop network to realize data transmission. In the multi-hop network structure, the wireless transmitting terminal transmits the collected data to the wireless receiving terminal through one or more wireless relay modules, thereby effectively reducing the energy consumption required for communication. In the planar structure, each wireless transmitting terminal plays the same role in the networking process, and all wireless transmitting terminals have the same status and have exactly the same functional characteristics. A common model is the Mesh ad hoc network cellular network model, as shown in Figure 3. Its advantage is that a node can not only transmit and receive information, but also act as a router to forward information to its nearby nodes. When a node link fails Other links can be automatically selected for data transmission. But as more nodes are interconnected and the number of possible paths increases, the total bandwidth increases considerably. In data-centric data collection, the sink node usually sends query messages to all nodes in the specified area by means of flooding, and only those nodes with query data respond to the sink node, and each node communicates with the sink node through a multi-hop path. Nodes communicate and enable other nodes in the network to relay. When the wind turbine distribution area and the wind farm control center are blocked by obstacles, and line-of-sight transmission cannot be formed, the multi-hop network plane structure model shown in Figure 4 can be used. Firstly, the data of the subnet is collected in multiple clusters, and then the data is forwarded through an independent wireless relay module.
对于分布10公里以上，分布分散或者近距离非可视范围的风电机组，可以采用多跳网络的分层结构，如图5所示。在分层结构中，无线发射终端被组织成一系列的簇，每个簇由多个成员节点和一个簇首节点组成。簇成员需要首先把其数据发送给簇首，再由簇首将数据发送给汇聚节点。在这种结构中，具有较低能量的节点可以作为簇首处理簇成员接受到的数据，并将处理后的数据发送到汇聚节点。这种网络结构不仅能够降低通信的能耗，而且能够平衡节点间业务负载，并提高网络的可扩展性，更好地适应网络规模的变化。对于这种多跳网络的分层结构，实际可以采用无线网桥实现远距离传输，其中子网中被簇首所覆盖无线发射终端可以附加90°定向天线；簇首的无线发射终端附加全向天线；被选作中继的终端采用背靠背的中继模式，并附加定向天线；无线接收终端附加抛物面天线。For wind turbines distributed more than 10 kilometers, distributed scattered or close to the non-visible range, a multi-hop network layered structure can be used, as shown in Figure 5. In the hierarchical structure, wireless transmitting terminals are organized into a series of clusters, and each cluster consists of multiple member nodes and a cluster head node. Cluster members need to send their data to the cluster head first, and then the cluster head sends the data to the sink node. In this structure, the node with lower energy can act as the cluster head to process the data received by the cluster members and send the processed data to the sink node. This network structure can not only reduce the energy consumption of communication, but also balance the business load among nodes, improve the scalability of the network, and better adapt to the change of network scale. For the layered structure of this multi-hop network, wireless bridges can actually be used to achieve long-distance transmission, in which the wireless transmitting terminal covered by the cluster head in the subnet can be attached with a 90° directional antenna; the wireless transmitting terminal of the cluster head is attached with an omnidirectional Antenna; the terminal selected as the relay adopts the back-to-back relay mode and attaches a directional antenna; the wireless receiving terminal attaches a parabolic antenna.
此外，采用分层结构可以在簇首进行数据融合，减少向汇聚节点发送的数据量，从而提高网络的能量效率。In addition, the hierarchical structure can be used for data fusion at the cluster head, reducing the amount of data sent to the sink node, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the network.
为了保证每个风电机组与风电场控制中心之间数据传输的实时性、完整性、安全性等，所以必须周期性地进行分簇，才能有效平衡各节点间的业务负载。In order to ensure the real-time, integrity, and security of data transmission between each wind turbine and the wind farm control center, clustering must be performed periodically to effectively balance the business load among nodes.
每个簇中及相关联的簇之间，均按一定的传输策略进行数据传输，减少链路的拥堵，从而提高网络的能量效率。所述的传输策略包括：In each cluster and between associated clusters, data transmission is carried out according to a certain transmission strategy, which reduces link congestion and improves the energy efficiency of the network. The transfer strategies described include:
当风电机组正常运行时，各个簇中的风电机组与风电场控制中心的服务器之间按照时间差定时发送一定的实时数据；当某个风电机组出现故障预警时，则优先发送该风电机组的预警数据；如果同簇中多个机组同时预警，则按照预先设定的优先级规则分别进行数据传输和发送控制请求命令；当风电机组与风电场控制中心的服务器之间进入空闲时段或者通信链路中数据量较小时，再补发之前未发送的数据；当风电场控制中心的服务器优先查看某个风电机组运行状况及实时数据时，则优先传输该风电机组的实时数据；当关联簇中的多个机组同时发生故障预警时，则需要根据故障优先级及关联链路的机组数量重新规划关联簇。When the wind turbines are running normally, the wind turbines in each cluster and the server of the wind farm control center will send certain real-time data regularly according to the time difference; when a certain wind turbine has a fault warning, the early warning data of the wind turbine will be sent first ; If multiple units in the same cluster give early warning at the same time, data transmission and control request commands are respectively carried out according to the preset priority rules; when the wind turbine and the server of the wind farm control center enter an idle period or the When the amount of data is small, reissue the data that has not been sent before; when the server of the wind farm control center checks the operation status and real-time data of a certain wind turbine first, it will first transmit the real-time data of the wind turbine; When failure warnings occur for several units at the same time, it is necessary to re-plan the association cluster according to the priority of the failure and the number of units associated with the link.
远程故障诊断单元通过风电场的外网路由器与风电场控制中心的WEB服务器连接，实现两者之间的互联网通信，远程故障诊断单元中安装有故障诊断软件程序二，当该程序被执行时，远程故障诊断单元实现的功能包括：将数据处理及故障诊断单元的部分数据导出传输至远程诊断中心，通过各种图谱分析和数据库、知识库数据对风电机组振动状态进行离线故障定位，最终给出维修方案，实现远程故障诊断。The remote fault diagnosis unit is connected to the WEB server of the wind farm control center through the external network router of the wind farm to realize the Internet communication between the two. The fault diagnosis software program 2 is installed in the remote fault diagnosis unit. When the program is executed, The functions realized by the remote fault diagnosis unit include: exporting and transmitting part of the data of the data processing and fault diagnosis unit to the remote diagnosis center, performing offline fault location on the vibration state of the wind turbine through various map analysis and database and knowledge base data, and finally giving maintenance program, to achieve remote fault diagnosis.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明权利要求所限定的范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements are made to some or all of the technical features; these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
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| CN115379487A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-11-22 | 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 | Mechanical-electrical health management system mechanical-ground network architecture |
| CN115379487B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-01-24 | 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 | Mechanical-electrical health management system mechanical-ground network architecture |
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| CN117782570A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-03-29 | 南京典格信息技术有限公司 | Mesh ad hoc network-based life prediction system and method for offshore wind turbine |
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