CN108049944A - 船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置 - Google Patents
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/0233—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles periodically cleaning filter by blowing a gas through the filter in a direction opposite to exhaust flow, e.g. exposing filter to engine air intake
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/029—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
- F01N3/0293—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust injecting substances in exhaust stream
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2832—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support granular, e.g. pellets
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置,包括:过滤系统、清除剂喷射雾化系统和空气脉冲反吹系统;船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置的进气口与柴油机排气总管道连接,连接管路上设置有进口截止阀,进气口与清除剂喷射雾化系统的喷雾管腔连通;喷雾管腔顶部设置有用于想喷雾管腔内部喷射清除剂的雾化喷嘴;过滤系统包括:过滤体和设置于喷雾管腔出口的密封的过滤箱体;过滤体为壁流型过滤体;过滤体的流道内壁为碳化硅球形颗粒烧结壁面;空气脉冲反吹系统,包括:高压空气管道和若干个脉冲反吹喷嘴;高压空气管道与高压气源连接,另一端设置若干个脉冲反吹喷嘴;脉冲反吹喷嘴伸入于过滤箱体内部,且与过滤体出口的喷射方向相对设置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及柴油机颗粒捕集器领域,具体涉及到一种船舶柴油机连续再生催化型颗粒物捕集器反吹再生装置。
背景技术
在船舶低速柴油机排气总管上安装常规的颗粒物捕集器(DPF),会直接影响柴油机和选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝装置的性能,当排烟温度高于400℃时,化学平衡条件趋于形成NO,而难以产生NO2,也就不能使DPF中的颗粒起燃,再生效率急剧下降。
发明内容
本发明针对上述技术问题,提出一种船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置。
为达到以上目的,通过以下技术方案实现的:
船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置,包括:过滤系统、清除剂喷射雾化系统和空气脉冲反吹系统;
其中,船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置的进气口与柴油机排气总管道连接,且连接管路上设置有进口截止阀,进气口与清除剂喷射雾化系统的喷雾管腔连通;
喷雾管腔顶部设置有用于想喷雾管腔内部喷射清除剂的雾化喷嘴;
喷雾管腔底部设置有用于收集颗粒物的锥状料斗;
其中,喷雾管腔的出口端设置有若干出口;
过滤系统,包括:与喷雾管腔出口的数量相同的过滤体和设置于喷雾管腔出口的密封的过滤箱体;
喷雾管腔的每一个出口位置均设置有一个过滤体;
过滤体为壁流型过滤体;
过滤体的流道内壁为碳化硅球形颗粒烧结壁面;
空气脉冲反吹系统,包括:高压空气管道和若干个脉冲反吹喷嘴;
高压空气管道与高压气源连接,另一端设置若干个脉冲反吹喷嘴;
其中,脉冲反吹喷嘴伸入于过滤箱体内部,且与过滤体出口的喷射方向相对设置;
过滤箱体的出口管与柴油机废气涡轮进口连接,且出口管上设置有出口截止阀;
进一步的,脉冲反吹喷嘴的数量与过滤体的数量相同。
采用上述技术方案的本发明,在柴油机工作过程中,通过控制进口截止阀和出口截止阀通断,实现过滤单元内工作流程。
进口截止阀和出口截止阀同时打开,柴油机排气总管开始工作在排气过滤和连续被动催化转化工作流程中。
其原理是:流通气流温度处于350~500℃,过滤单元中的过滤体5对排气中颗粒进行捕集,在对附着在过滤体壁流通道壁面上的有机颗粒物进行催化转化的同时,将激发排气中的黑炭颗粒、CO、HC及NO等成分进行氧化转化,并将CDPF中化学反应产生的能量用于补偿柴油机排气流通整个装置产生的流动损失。另外,排气中的SO2部分被转化为SO3,在过滤体内温度条件下,不能与水蒸气凝结。
过滤箱体6的出口管的出口位置和进气口1的进口位置布置压力传感器,测定其颗粒物阻塞状况。当过流动损失超过极限值,说明过滤体内颗粒物已经超过临界值,需要清除。这时,进口截止阀10和出口截止阀9关闭,脉冲反吹系统高压空气喷嘴(脉冲反吹喷嘴8),通入高压空气实现清除过滤体内颗粒物脉冲反吹工作流程。经过一段反吹后,进口截止阀10和出口截止阀9半开,清除剂喷射雾化系统喷射溶液雾滴,排气携带溶液雾滴的排气进入过滤体内,使得清除剂溶液均匀分布到过滤体壁流通道壁面上并润湿附着颗粒,此时,过滤单元处于清除剂溶液喷射工作流程。过滤单元内间歇工作在脉冲反吹工作流程和清除剂溶液喷射工作流程中。
过滤体5采用相邻两个通道中,一个通道末端封闭,而另一个通道进口被封闭,迫使由入口敞开的通道进入,穿过壁面微孔隙进入相邻的出口敞开通道,而颗粒被过滤在通道壁面上,即壁流型过滤体。所采用的过滤体固体框架由微尺度碳化硅球形颗粒烧结而成,球形颗粒使得壁面能够形成贯通的微孔过滤通道。过滤体5本身也是催化剂载体固体框架,在过滤体5壁流通道颗粒壁面上涂覆10~20μm的二氧化钛TiO2薄层,作为催化剂载体。在二氧化钛TiO2薄层形成有一定分布规律的微孔凹腔,在凹腔内表面涂覆催化剂。
催化剂成分包括五氧化二钒V2O5、三氧化钨WO3和金属钯Pb等物质。
球形颗粒构成的微尺度壁面改善催化剂与附着壁面黑炭接触程度。利用在碳化硅球形颗粒壁面上涂覆SiO2薄层作为催化剂载体,并将催化剂涂覆二氧化钛TiO2薄层微孔凹腔内表面上,提高催化剂抑制硫污染能力。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举较佳实施例,并配合附图,详细说明如下。
附图说明
本发明共3幅附图,其中:
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图。
图2为本发明的过滤体壁流型流通通道示意图。
图3为本发明的催化剂涂覆方式示意图。
图中:1、进气口,2、喷雾管腔,3、雾化喷嘴,4、锥状料斗,5、过滤体,6、过滤箱体,7、高压空气管道,8、脉冲反吹喷嘴,9、出口截止阀,10、进口截止阀。
具体实施方式
如图1、图2和图3所示的一种船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置,包括:过滤系统、清除剂喷射雾化系统和空气脉冲反吹系统;
其中,船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置的进气口1与柴油机排气总管道连接,且连接管路上设置有进口截止阀10,进气口1与清除剂喷射雾化系统的喷雾管腔2连通;
喷雾管腔2顶部设置有用于想喷雾管腔2内部喷射清除剂的雾化喷嘴3;
喷雾管腔2底部设置有用于收集颗粒物的锥状料斗4;
其中,喷雾管腔2的出口端设置有若干出口;
过滤系统,包括:与喷雾管腔2出口的数量相同的过滤体5和设置于喷雾管腔2出口的密封的过滤箱体6;
喷雾管腔2的每一个出口位置均设置有一个过滤体5;
过滤体5为壁流型过滤体;
过滤体5的流道内壁为碳化硅球形颗粒烧结壁面;
空气脉冲反吹系统,包括:高压空气管道7和若干个脉冲反吹喷嘴8;
高压空气管道7与高压气源连接,另一端设置若干个脉冲反吹喷嘴8;
其中,脉冲反吹喷嘴8伸入于过滤箱体6内部,且与过滤体5出口的喷射方向相对设置;
过滤箱体6的出口管与柴油机废气涡轮进口连接,且出口管上设置有出口截止阀9;
进一步的,脉冲反吹喷嘴8的数量与过滤体5的数量相同。
采用上述技术方案的本发明,在柴油机工作过程中,通过控制进口截止阀10和出口截止阀9通断,实现过滤单元内工作流程。
进口截止阀10和出口截止阀9同时打开,柴油机排气总管开始工作在排气过滤和连续被动催化转化工作流程中。
其原理是:流通气流温度处于350~500℃,过滤单元中的过滤体5对排气中颗粒进行捕集,在对附着在过滤体壁流通道壁面上的有机颗粒物进行催化转化的同时,将激发排气中的黑炭颗粒、CO、HC及NO等成分进行氧化转化,并将CDPF中化学反应产生的能量用于补偿柴油机排气流通整个装置产生的流动损失。另外,排气中的SO2部分被转化为SO3,在过滤体内温度条件下,不能与水蒸气凝结。
过滤箱体6的出口管的出口位置和进气口1的进口位置布置压力传感器,测定其颗粒物阻塞状况。当过流动损失超过极限值,说明过滤体内颗粒物已经超过临界值,需要清除。这时,进口截止阀10和出口截止阀9关闭,脉冲反吹系统高压空气喷嘴(脉冲反吹喷嘴8),通入高压空气实现清除过滤体内颗粒物脉冲反吹工作流程。经过一段反吹后,进口截止阀10和出口截止阀9半开,清除剂喷射雾化系统喷射溶液雾滴,排气携带溶液雾滴的排气进入过滤体内,使得清除剂溶液均匀分布到过滤体壁流通道壁面上并润湿附着颗粒,此时,过滤单元处于清除剂溶液喷射工作流程。过滤单元内间歇工作在脉冲反吹工作流程和清除剂溶液喷射工作流程中。
过滤体5采用相邻两个通道中,一个通道末端封闭,而另一个通道进口被封闭,迫使由入口敞开的通道进入,穿过壁面微孔隙进入相邻的出口敞开通道,而颗粒被过滤在通道壁面上,即壁流型过滤体。所采用的过滤体固体框架由微尺度碳化硅球形颗粒烧结而成,球形颗粒使得壁面能够形成贯通的微孔过滤通道。过滤体5本身也是催化剂载体固体框架,在过滤体5壁流通道颗粒壁面上涂覆10~20μm的二氧化钛TiO2薄层,作为催化剂载体。在二氧化钛TiO2薄层形成有一定分布规律的微孔凹腔,在凹腔内表面涂覆催化剂。
催化剂成分包括钙钛矿催化剂、五氧化二钒V2O5、三氧化钨WO3和金属钯Pb等物质。当使用钙钛矿催化剂时,应用钾K取代量为2%(质量分数)或钌Ru取代量1%(质量分数)。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (4)
1.船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置,其特征在于,包括:过滤系统、清除剂喷射雾化系统和空气脉冲反吹系统;
其中,船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置的进气口(1)与柴油机排气总管道连接,且连接管路上设置有进口截止阀(10),进气口(1)与清除剂喷射雾化系统的喷雾管腔(2)连通;
所述喷雾管腔(2)顶部设置有用于想喷雾管腔(2)内部喷射清除剂的雾化喷嘴(3);
所述喷雾管腔(2)底部设置有用于收集颗粒物的锥状料斗(4);
其中,喷雾管腔(2)的出口端设置有若干出口;
所述过滤系统,包括:与喷雾管腔(2)出口的数量相同的过滤体(5)和设置于喷雾管腔(2)出口的密封的过滤箱体(6);
喷雾管腔(2)的每一个出口位置均设置有一个过滤体(5);
所述过滤体(5)为壁流型过滤体,过滤体(5)的流道内壁为碳化硅球形颗粒烧结壁面;
所述空气脉冲反吹系统,包括:高压空气管道(7)和若干个脉冲反吹喷嘴(8);
所述高压空气管道(7)与高压气源连接,另一端设置若干个脉冲反吹喷嘴(8);
其中,脉冲反吹喷嘴(8)伸入于过滤箱体(6)内部,且与过滤体(5)出口的喷射方向相对设置;
所述过滤箱体(6)的出口管与柴油机废气涡轮进口连接,且出口管上设置有出口截止阀(9)。
其中,进气口(1)管路与过滤箱体(6)的出口管上设置有压力传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置,其特征在于:
所述脉冲反吹喷嘴(8)的数量与过滤体(5)的数量相同。
3.根据权利要求1所述的船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置,其特征在于:
在过滤体(5)壁流通道颗粒壁面上涂覆10~20μm的二氧化钛TiO2薄层,在二氧化钛TiO2薄层形成有一定分布规律的微孔凹腔,在凹腔内表面涂覆催化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的根据权利要求1所述的船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置,其特征在于:
催化剂成分包括:五氧化二钒V2O5、三氧化钨WO3和金属钯Pb。
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