CN107782974A - A kind of accumulator internal resistance online test method and device - Google Patents
A kind of accumulator internal resistance online test method and device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107782974A CN107782974A CN201710994080.0A CN201710994080A CN107782974A CN 107782974 A CN107782974 A CN 107782974A CN 201710994080 A CN201710994080 A CN 201710994080A CN 107782974 A CN107782974 A CN 107782974A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- internal resistance
- discharge
- current
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/08—Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种蓄电池内阻在线检测的方法及装置，该方法是在对蓄电池进行浮充充电过程上，通过对在浮冲电压一的情况下对蓄电池进行两次较大电流放电后记录停止放电时刻的电流I1和I2以及电压U1和U2；然后利用公式R=（U2‑U1）/（I1‑I2）计算蓄电池内阻，该装置包括充电电路。放电电路以及检测的电流和电压的电路和处理电路。通过本发明的方法，可实时在线检测蓄电池的内阻，相比交流注入法和一次放电直流法，二次放电直流法不受电源系统纹波电流的干扰，测量更准确，更加适合在线下的内阻测量。蓄电池内阻的准确检测为其正常工作提供了可靠保障，对提高直流系统的安全运行有着十分重要的意义。
The invention provides a method and device for on-line detection of the internal resistance of a storage battery. The method is to perform two high-current discharges on the storage battery at a float voltage of 1 and then stop the recording during the floating charging process of the storage battery. The current I 1 and I 2 and the voltage U 1 and U 2 at the time of discharge; then use the formula R=(U 2 ‑U 1 )/(I 1 ‑I 2 ) to calculate the internal resistance of the battery, and the device includes a charging circuit. Discharging circuits as well as sensing current and voltage circuits and processing circuits. Through the method of the present invention, the internal resistance of the storage battery can be detected online in real time. Compared with the AC injection method and the primary discharge DC method, the secondary discharge DC method is not disturbed by the ripple current of the power supply system, and the measurement is more accurate and more suitable for offline Internal resistance measurement. The accurate detection of the internal resistance of the battery provides a reliable guarantee for its normal operation, and is of great significance to improve the safe operation of the DC system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of detection accumulator internal resistance, more particularly to a kind of on-line checking side of lead-acid accumulator internal resistance
Method and device.
Background technology
Stand-by power supply when lead-acid accumulator has a power failure as power-supply system, be widely used in communication, electric power, track traffic,
The industries such as finance.If battery failure or charging time deficiency, it is possible to cause a serious accident, so must be to battery
Operational factor is comprehensively monitored on-line, and internal resistance is exactly to monitor one of important indicator of battery condition.The capacity of battery
Deficiency, premature failure, penalty can embody from the change of internal resistance.For example lead-acid accumulator is under long-term floating charge state
Sulfation can be inevitably produced, the guiding discharge time shortens, and it is exactly internal resistance increase that it, which is intuitively showed, therefore can be passed through
Vulcanization of the internal resistance detection to battery is prejudged in advance, so as to take corresponding precautionary measures.Accumulator internal resistance is measured now
Method has：
（1）Densimetry
Densimetry mainly estimates the internal resistance of battery by measuring the density of battery liquid, is usually used in open-type plumbic acid
The internal resistance measurement of battery, being not suitable for the internal resistance measurement of valve control sealed lead-acid accumulator, this method scope of application is very narrow, and by mistake
Difference is very big.
（2）Open circuit voltage method
Open circuit voltage method is to estimate the internal resistance of battery by measuring accumulator voltage, is relatively applicable for new battery, right
Used batteries error is very big, or even derives a wrong conclusion.Because the daily battery of back-up source is under floating charge state, i.e.,
Accumulator property is set to have become very poor, voltage may still show very normal.
（3）Exchange injection method
Exchange injection method is by injecting a constant ac current signal Is to battery, then measuring battery both ends
Voltage responsive signal V0And both phase difference θs, by formula of impedance：
Z=V0/ Is and R=Zcos θ
The internal resistance R of battery is calculated.The power frequency of exchange injection method is typically chosen between 100Hz to 1KHz.According to
The impedance spectrum characteristic of the internal resistance of cell, the alternating-current resistance for obtaining internal battery pack, city can be stablized relatively in the frequency range
There are some portable internal resistance test devices on face using this method.
Due to densimetry and the limitation of open circuit voltage method itself, few on-line measurements applied in accumulator internal resistance
In, what current accumulator internal resistance on-line monitoring equipment used is all exchange injection method or direct-current discharge method.Comparatively speaking, exchange
Injection method need not discharge battery, it is only necessary to apply hundreds of to battery using an exchange Injection Signal generator
The alternating current of milliampere or so, so can typically be designed using the instrument and equipment of exchange injection method test internal resistance smaller
Ingeniously.But in terms of accuracy of detection, not as direct current method, because the AC signal of injection only has hundreds of milliamperes, during on-line testing very
Interference of the hardly possible resistance from system ripple current, so as to cause measurement error.In a ups system, inverter is in inversion
Cheng Zhonghui produces 2 times, 4 times can pour in down a chimney onto battery with 6 ripple currents, this ripple current, and table 1 specially lists ripple
Influence to measuring internal resistance with alternating current method：When measuring 12V batteries, 50Hz frequencies/1A ripple current, its multiple harmonic is to monitoring
The influence of device measuring precision is 1.3%+4.1%+0.7%=6.1%.And in a lot of Large UPS systems, its ripple is far longer than
1A, therefore, measuring internal resistance using alternating current method often can not be in Large UPS system with being applied in high frequency UPS.
Table 1
（4）
（5）Direct-current discharge method
Direct-current discharge method is by carrying out short time heavy-current discharge to battery, measuring the voltage drop on battery, then pass through ohm
Law R=（U1-U2）/ I calculates the internal resistance of cell, U1, U2It is the terminal voltage of battery before and after electric discharge respectively, I is discharge current, direct current
Discharge time is very short, general seconds or tens of seconds clock.The internal resistance of battery generally milliohm level even micro-ohm level, due to direct current method
Discharge current can design larger, and voltage drop is consequently also big, so internal resistance can be accurately measured, while direct-current discharge method gram
The problem of having taken the interference of exchange injection method ripple.But Ohm's law formula above must in the state of static or off line,
The measurement of internal resistance could be realized, can not really realize the on-line measurement of battery.Because the battery in backup power system is all
Under floating charge state, calculation formula thus develop into R=（UIt is floating-U2）/ I, and UIt is floatingReflection is not the voltage of battery in itself, institute
Directly to carry out online internal resistance measurement in this way, error is also larger.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the deficiency for the above-mentioned detection method of current accumulator internal resistance, there is provided in a kind of battery
The method and device of on-line checking is hindered, realizes the on-line checking of back-up source battery particularly lead-acid accumulator internal resistance.The party
Method to direct-current discharge method above correct again smaller so as to fit on-line measurement, error., can by this method
It is lead-acid accumulator so as to determine whether the current state of battery with internal resistance that is convenient and swift, detecting battery in real time
Maintenance work provide foundation.
The present invention is that technical scheme is used by realizing its purpose：A kind of accumulator internal resistance online test method, including
Following steps：
To the setting time of battery discharging first, the voltage U of record electric discharge cut-off time under step 1, floating charge state1And electric current
I1；
Step 2, keep battery the second setting time of floating charge；
To the setting time of battery discharging the 3rd, the voltage U of record electric discharge cut-off time under step 3, floating charge state2And electric current
I2；
Step 4, using formula R=（U2-U1）/（I1-I2）, calculate the internal resistance R of battery.
By the method for the present invention, can real-time online detection battery internal resistance, injection method and once discharged compared to exchange
Direct current method, secondary discharge direct current method are not disturbed by power-supply system ripple current, and measurement is more accurate, interior under being more suitable for online
Resistance measurement.Its normal work that is accurately detected as of accumulator internal resistance provides reliable guarantee, and the safety for improving straight-flow system is transported
Row has highly important meaning.
Further, in above-mentioned accumulator internal resistance online test method：In step 1 and step 3, the electric discharge to battery
Electric current is much larger than floating charge electric current.
Further, in above-mentioned accumulator internal resistance online test method：In step 1, the discharge current to battery is
15 ~ 30A, in step 3, the discharge current to battery is 5 ~ 10A.
Further, in above-mentioned accumulator internal resistance online test method：The first described setting time is 5 ~ 10s, the
Three setting times are 15 ~ 30s.
Further, in above-mentioned accumulator internal resistance online test method：Second setting time terminates for electric discharge for the first time
Afterwards, the time that float charge voltage is returned to required for the level before discharging for the first time.
Further, in above-mentioned accumulator internal resistance online test method：Second setting time is between 3 ~ 5min.
Further, in above-mentioned accumulator internal resistance online test method：Described battery is lead-acid accumulator.
Further, in above-mentioned accumulator internal resistance online test method：Realized during on-line checking to battery
Discharge voltage and discharge current monitored over time.
Present invention also offers a kind of accumulator internal resistance on-line measuring device, including：
Charging device, described charging device are configured to carry out floating charge to tested battery；
Discharge circuit, described discharge circuit are configured to that both ends are connected with tested battery or off-state, discharge current are remote
More than floating charge electric current；
On-off circuit, the configuration of described on-off circuit realize that described discharge circuit is connected or disconnected with tested battery；
Current detection circuit, described current detection circuit are configured to detect tested accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current；
Voltage detecting circuit, described voltage detecting circuit are configured to detect tested battery both end voltage；
Process circuit, described process circuit are configured to realize described discharge circuit and tested battery first in on-off circuit
When being disconnected when being disconnected after secondary connection after the second connection, the electric current I that collection current detection circuit detects1With electric current I2, and
The voltage U that voltage detecting circuit detects1With voltage U2；And the internal resistance R of calculating accumulator=（U2-U1）/（I1-I2）.
Using the present invention accumulator internal resistance on-line measuring device can highly precisely on-line measurement battery internal resistance.
Further, in above-mentioned accumulator internal resistance on-line measuring device：In described on-off circuit, timing is also configured with
Circuit, described timing circuit are configured to disconnect after described discharge circuit is connected 5 ~ 10s with tested battery, disconnect 3-5min
After reconnect, disconnected again after 15 ~ 30s.
The present invention is described in more detail with reference to specific embodiment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, the present embodiment are a kind of methods that lead-acid accumulator in UPS carries out on-line measurement internal resistance, such as Fig. 1
It show the flow chart of this method.Fig. 2 is the principle of device block diagram for the on-line measurement accumulator internal resistance for realizing this method.Practice
On, the lead-acid accumulator in back-up source is to be constantly in UPS charging circuits to carry out the state of floating charge to it using civil power,
And the index of correlation of battery can be monitored on-line by battery management system, in the present embodiment, battery management system is filled
Divide and internal resistance detection is carried out to lead-acid accumulator using this method real-time online using can, as shown in Fig. 2 in detection means tool
Including：
Charging device, charging device are configured to carry out floating charge to tested battery；The charging electricity in UPS can directly be utilized
Road.
Discharge circuit, discharge circuit are configured to that both ends are connected with tested battery or off-state, discharge current are long-range
In floating charge electric current；This can be used as discharge circuit by the use of the resistance in battery management system.In practice, floating charge electricity
Stream be generally less than 1A, and the electric current of discharge circuit several amperes even tens amperes, it is more order of magnitude greater than floating charge electric current,
At this moment it is much larger than and can be understood as more than ten times, that is, we thinks order of magnitude greater usually, are just much larger than.
On-off circuit, on-off circuit configuration realize that described discharge circuit is connected or disconnected with tested battery；Utilize
The on-off circuit being arranged in battery management system board.
Current detection circuit, current detection circuit are configured to detect tested accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current；Voltage detecting circuit,
Voltage detecting circuit is configured to detect tested battery both end voltage；The two are used respectively in battery management system,
Realize the circuit measured in real time the electric current and voltage of battery.
Process circuit, process circuit are configured to realize described discharge circuit with tested battery for the first time in on-off circuit
When being disconnected when being disconnected after connection after the second connection, the electric current I that collection current detection circuit detects1With electric current I2, and electricity
The voltage U that pressure detection electric circuit inspection arrives1With voltage U2；And the internal resistance R of calculating accumulator=（U2-U1）/（I1-I2）.Process circuit sheet
Body can be realized using battery management system.
Measurement process is as follows：
1）Battery under floating charge state is for the first time with 15 ~ 30A, 5 ~ 10s of current discharge, record discharge cut-off voltage U1And electric current
I1；Discharge current requirement is much larger than floating charge electric current, and 25A or so discharge current is used in the present embodiment, and record stops
The voltage for sequential of only discharging, the discharge current of the present embodiment reached 30 to 50 times of floating charge electric current, therefore, here with
The electric current of outflow battery is compared, and the electric current can for flowing into battery is ignored.
2）It is spaced 3 ~ 5min；Interval time be to discharge for the first time after, before the float charge voltage of battery returns to electric discharge
Float charge voltage, usually 3 ~ 5min, in the present embodiment, stop 4 minutes cans.
3）Battery is for the second time with 5 ~ 10A, 15 ~ 30s of current discharge, record discharge cut-off voltage U2With electric current I2；With first
As secondary electric discharge, discharge current and time can also be according to Practical adjustments, and in practice, the present embodiment discharge current uses 8A, puts
Electric time 20s, 8A discharge current are also in more than ten times of floating charge electric current, compared with discharge current, floating charge
Electric current can also ignore, and record stops the voltage of discharging time.
4）Using R=（U2-U1）/（I1-I2）, you can calculate the internal resistance of battery.
Internal resistance has close relationship as one of most important parameter of battery with capacity.It not only reflects battery
Current state-of-charge, but also reflect the deterioration condition of battery, its intensity of variation directly affects the life-span of battery.Cause
This, the performance of battery is evaluated by internal resistance, realizes the maintenance to battery, is one of effective ways recognized within the industry.
Following table is internal resistance nominal value when part specification lead-acid accumulator dispatches from the factory, it can be seen that capacity is bigger, and the internal resistance of battery is on the contrary
It is smaller as shown in table 2.Using the method for the present embodiment, measurement can obtain essentially identical result, illustrate the precision of this method
Still it is very high.The method that above example uses is measurement lead-acid accumulator, in practice non-lead-acid accumulator measurement internal resistance
When can also use such method and apparatus, and also have good effect, precision is also very high.
Table 2（Consider, 2V batteries still not list）
In order to exclude the interference of online float charge voltage, we are by the way of secondary discharge, first time high current I1Electric discharge, electric discharge
Time t1Second, discharge cut-off voltage U1, second of low current I2Electric discharge, discharge time t2Second, discharge cut-off voltage U2.Discharge twice
Between certain interval of time, make the float charge voltage before second of electric discharge with first time discharge before float charge voltage it is consistent.Consider
Internal resistance detection is integrated with on-line monitoring equipment, the terminal voltage of battery, electric current, and the time can easily collect very much.Thus,
It can obtain：
UIt is floating= U1 + I1 R= U2 + I2 R
So, internal resistance R=（U2-U1）/（I1-I2）.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710994080.0A CN107782974A (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2017-10-23 | A kind of accumulator internal resistance online test method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710994080.0A CN107782974A (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2017-10-23 | A kind of accumulator internal resistance online test method and device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107782974A true CN107782974A (en) | 2018-03-09 |
Family
ID=61435043
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710994080.0A Pending CN107782974A (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2017-10-23 | A kind of accumulator internal resistance online test method and device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107782974A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108646188A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-12 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Dynamic internal resistance testing method, device and equipment for power battery and automobile |
| CN108963358A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-07 | 湖南科霸汽车动力电池有限责任公司 | The method for monitoring vehicle-mounted Ni-MH power cell packet internal resistance on-line |
| CN111781522A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-16 | 深圳市道通科技股份有限公司 | Storage battery detection method, equipment and storage medium |
| CN112098870A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-18 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司阜新供电公司 | Online testing method for internal resistance of storage battery of parallel power supply equipment |
| CN112462284A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-09 | 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 | Method for testing internal resistance and short-circuit current of storage battery |
| CN113514772A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-19 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Battery direct-current internal resistance online test method and battery management system |
| WO2021213669A1 (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-10-28 | CMWTEC technologie GmbH | Method and device for testing a battery state in at least one battery |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103176134A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-06-26 | 中国移动通信集团安徽有限公司 | Online storage battery capacity estimation method |
| CN104682556A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-06-03 | 国家电网公司 | Remote intelligent maintenance system for direct current power supply of transformer substation and application of remote intelligent maintenance system |
| CN105403842A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-03-16 | 高新兴科技集团股份有限公司 | Method for measuring internal resistance of storage battery by repeated discharging |
-
2017
- 2017-10-23 CN CN201710994080.0A patent/CN107782974A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103176134A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-06-26 | 中国移动通信集团安徽有限公司 | Online storage battery capacity estimation method |
| CN104682556A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-06-03 | 国家电网公司 | Remote intelligent maintenance system for direct current power supply of transformer substation and application of remote intelligent maintenance system |
| CN105403842A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-03-16 | 高新兴科技集团股份有限公司 | Method for measuring internal resistance of storage battery by repeated discharging |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108646188A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-12 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Dynamic internal resistance testing method, device and equipment for power battery and automobile |
| CN108963358A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-07 | 湖南科霸汽车动力电池有限责任公司 | The method for monitoring vehicle-mounted Ni-MH power cell packet internal resistance on-line |
| CN108963358B (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-06-09 | 湖南科霸汽车动力电池有限责任公司 | Method for monitoring internal resistance of vehicle-mounted nickel-hydrogen power battery pack on line |
| CN113514772A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-19 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Battery direct-current internal resistance online test method and battery management system |
| WO2021213669A1 (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-10-28 | CMWTEC technologie GmbH | Method and device for testing a battery state in at least one battery |
| US12181534B2 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2024-12-31 | CMWTEC technologie GmbH | Method and device for testing a battery state in at least one battery |
| CN111781522A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-16 | 深圳市道通科技股份有限公司 | Storage battery detection method, equipment and storage medium |
| WO2022012487A1 (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-01-20 | 深圳市道通科技股份有限公司 | Storage battery detection method and device, and storage medium |
| CN112098870A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-18 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司阜新供电公司 | Online testing method for internal resistance of storage battery of parallel power supply equipment |
| CN112462284A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-09 | 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 | Method for testing internal resistance and short-circuit current of storage battery |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107782974A (en) | A kind of accumulator internal resistance online test method and device | |
| EP0276305B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for measuring battery condition | |
| JP5499200B2 (en) | Degradation determination apparatus, deterioration determination method, and program | |
| CN101363895B (en) | Method and system for detecting DC loop fault | |
| JP6097678B2 (en) | Charge / discharge test equipment for detecting poor contact | |
| CN101339214B (en) | Accumulator internal resistance measurement method | |
| US11500033B2 (en) | Ground fault detection of UPS battery | |
| CN103105585A (en) | Charge-discharge full-time online testing method for performance of storage battery | |
| US20170131363A1 (en) | Improved Battery Testing Device | |
| CN203405512U (en) | Lead acid storage battery shorting current and internal resistance level testing device | |
| CN105823954B (en) | Detection device and method for grounding point of storage battery pack and direct-current power supply system | |
| CN102998529A (en) | Insulation resistance testing method | |
| CN203909253U (en) | Device for rapidly testing and evaluating storage battery quality state | |
| CN106199457A (en) | The on-line quick detection apparatus and method of open-circuit cell in accumulator battery | |
| CN105403842A (en) | Method for measuring internal resistance of storage battery by repeated discharging | |
| CN104076291A (en) | Device and method for rapidly testing and evaluating quality state of storage battery | |
| CN104655973B (en) | A kind of method and apparatus that battery module short circuit is detected in ups system | |
| CN108196196A (en) | A kind of accumulator internal resistance online test method | |
| JP4445709B2 (en) | Method for diagnosing life of secondary battery in power supply system | |
| CN111208352A (en) | Storage battery internal resistance measuring method and system | |
| CN103176134B (en) | The method of estimation on line accumulator capacity | |
| CN112379271B (en) | Passivation-considered capacity detection method for carbon-coated lithium thionyl chloride battery | |
| CN110412474B (en) | A kind of auxiliary system for DC online monitoring in the station | |
| CN103513112A (en) | On-line passive detection method and system for storage battery internal resistance | |
| CN103744029A (en) | Evaluation method for measuring single cell residual capacity based on internal resistance |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |