CN107260287B - Tibia/humerus intramedullary nail, tibia group and humerus group using same - Google Patents
Tibia/humerus intramedullary nail, tibia group and humerus group using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN107260287B CN107260287B CN201710620714.6A CN201710620714A CN107260287B CN 107260287 B CN107260287 B CN 107260287B CN 201710620714 A CN201710620714 A CN 201710620714A CN 107260287 B CN107260287 B CN 107260287B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/72—Intramedullary devices, e.g. pins or nails
- A61B17/7233—Intramedullary devices, e.g. pins or nails with special means of locking the nail to the bone
- A61B17/725—Intramedullary devices, e.g. pins or nails with special means of locking the nail to the bone with locking pins or screws of special form
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/72—Intramedullary devices, e.g. pins or nails
- A61B17/7233—Intramedullary devices, e.g. pins or nails with special means of locking the nail to the bone
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Abstract
A tibial/humeral intramedullary nail including a main nail, a core nail, and a tap, and a tibial and humeral set using the same. The main nail comprises a main nail tail and a hollow cavity. The hollow cavity comprises a section of large diameter cavity located in the main head. The main nail tail comprises at least one split groove. The core nail head is accommodated in the large-diameter cavity, and the diameter of the core nail head is larger than that of the small-diameter cavity. The tail of the core nail body is provided with external threads. The tap includes an internal thread. The contour line of the axial section of the cock along the main nail is an isosceles trapezoid. The internal and external threads are coupled such that the tap is disposed at the rear of the mandrel body. Because the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail is provided with the core nail and the cock, the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail has a self-locking function, so that the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail is not required to be provided with fixing screws, the operation is simple and convenient, and the use cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an orthopedic internal fixation instrument, in particular to a tibia/humerus intramedullary nail and a tibia group and a humerus group using the intramedullary nail.
Background
Among the orthopedic medical instruments in the prior art, a self-locking anti-rotation intramedullary nail is generally a quincunx intramedullary nail, and the external nail has a complex quincunx structure, poor anti-rotation performance and a small application range. The operation of installing the lateral wing of the inner nail and the outer nail in a matching way is quite inconvenient. The proper arrangement positions of the effective lock expansion points of the inner nail and the outer nail are difficult to ensure, so that the self-locking force of the inner nail and the outer nail is smaller. Meanwhile, when the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail in the current market is implanted, a needle is inserted into the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail through the upper edge of a patellar ligament tibia tubercle or the front edge of a humerus, aseptic inflammations such as injury of patellar ligaments and adjacent soft tissues and postoperative adhesion are caused, and the defect of the operation technology is that intractable anterior patellar pain appears after operation of a patient. In addition, if the operator does not operate properly, the tail screw is higher than the cortical bone, and the soft tissue around the patellar tendon can be stimulated to cause pain, so that the living quality of the patient is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a tibia/humerus intramedullary nail and a tibia set and a humerus set using the same, so as to solve the above problems.
A tibial/humeral intramedullary nail comprising a main nail, a core nail disposed inside the main nail, and a tap disposed at one end of the core nail. The main nail comprises a main nail head, a main nail tail, a main nail body positioned between the main nail head and the main nail tail, and a hollow cavity penetrating through the main nail head, the main nail tail and the main nail body. The hollow cavity comprises a section of large-diameter cavity located at the main nail head and a section of small-diameter cavity located at the main nail body and the main nail tail. The main nail tail comprises at least one split groove. The core nail comprises a core nail head and a core nail body. The core nail head is accommodated in the large-diameter cavity, and the diameter of the core nail head is larger than that of the small-diameter cavity. The tail of the core nail body is provided with external threads. The tap includes a central bore and internal threads disposed on the central bore. The contour line of the axial section of the cock along the main nail is an isosceles trapezoid, and the distance from the upper bottom of the isosceles trapezoid to the core nail head is smaller than the distance from the lower bottom of the isosceles trapezoid to the core nail head. The center hole is formed along the height of the isosceles trapezoid of the cock, and the inner thread and the outer thread are coupled so that the cock is arranged at the tail part of the core nail body.
Further, the height of the isosceles trapezoid is parallel to the axial direction of the main nail.
Further, the length of the core nail head of the core nail along the axial direction of the main nail is smaller than the length of the large-diameter cavity along the axial direction of the main nail.
Further, the free end of the core nail head of the core nail is provided with an inner hexagon.
Furthermore, a straight U-shaped groove is formed at the free end of the main nail head.
Further, the tap also comprises at least two side wings arranged on the outer side wall thereof, which are inserted in the splitting grooves of the main nail.
Furthermore, the main nail tail comprises two crossed splitting grooves, and the longitudinal section of the main nail tail is divided into four equal parts by the two splitting grooves.
Further, the length of the external thread of the core pin exceeds 2 times the length of the internal thread of the tap.
A tibial set for use with a tibial/humeral intramedullary nail, the tibial set comprising a tibia, and the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail inserted within the tibia, the tibia comprising a tibial plateau leading edge and a tibial medullary cavity. The tibia/humerus intramedullary nail is inserted into the tibia medullary cavity from the front edge of the tibia platform, and the main nail butts against the side wall of the tibia medullary cavity.
A humeral set using a tibial/humeral intramedullary nail, the tibial set including a humerus, and the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail inserted within the humerus. The humerus includes a greater tuberosity of the humerus and a medullary cavity of the humerus. The tibia/humerus intramedullary nail is inserted into the humerus medullary cavity from the center of the greater tuberosity of the humerus, and the free end of the main nail tail abuts against the side wall of the humerus medullary cavity.
Compared with the prior art, the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail is provided with the core nail and the cock, so that the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail has a self-locking function, a fixing screw does not need to be arranged, the operation is simple and convenient, and the use cost is reduced. In addition, the self-locking mode is used, so that the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail does not need an external aiming device of the traditional intramedullary nail, the installation difficulty is reduced, the installation time is shortened, the fixation failure in the traditional locking mode is avoided, the safety and the effectiveness are improved, and meanwhile, only an access point opening is needed during installation, and the damage to the skin and the bone of a patient is reduced.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a tibia group using a tibia/humerus intramedullary nail according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail of the tibial group using the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a humeral set using a tibial/humeral intramedullary nail according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below based on the drawings. It should be understood that the description herein of embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Please refer to fig. 1 and 2, which are schematic structural views of a tibia set 100 using a tibia/humerus intramedullary nail according to the present invention. The tibia group 100 using the tibia/humeral intramedullary nail includes a tibia 10, and a tibia/humeral intramedullary nail 20 inserted in the tibia 10.
The tibia 10 is one of the bones of the human calf, is located on the inner side of the calf, plays an important role in supporting the body, and is the main weight bearing bone in the calf bone. The tibia 10 may be divided into a body and two ends. The upper end is enlarged to form a medial condyle and a lateral condyle, which together with the medial and lateral condyles at the lower end of the femur and the patella form the knee joint. The lower end is enlarged, the lower part has a joint surface connected with the talus, and the inner side has a downward-extending apophysis called the medial malleolus. The physiological structures described above are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein. The tibia 10 includes a tibial plateau leading edge 11 at the upper end and a tibial medullary cavity 12 in the tibial shaft. The tibial/humeral intramedullary nail 20 is inserted into the tibial medullary cavity 12 from the center of the tibial plateau leading edge 11 of the tibia to fix the fractured tibia 10.
The tibial/humeral intramedullary nail 20 comprises a main nail 21, a core nail 22 arranged inside the main nail 21, and a tap 23 arranged at one end of the core nail 22.
The main nail 21 may be cylindrical and may be made of a light titanium alloy. The main nail 21 comprises a main nail head 211, a main nail tail 212, a main nail body 213 positioned between the main nail head 211 and the main nail tail 212, and a hollow cavity 214 penetrating through the main nail head 211, the main nail tail 212 and the main nail body 213. The free end of the main stud 211 includes a "straight" U-shaped slot 2111. The U-shaped slot 2111 is used for setting an installation tool when inserting the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail 20, i.e. the installation tool is inserted into the U-shaped slot 2111 when inserting the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail 20 into the tibia 10. The main pin tail 212 is first inserted into the tibia 10 when the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail 20 is installed, so that the free end of the main pin tail 212 has a chamfer. The main nail tail 212 includes at least one split slot 2121. The split groove 2121 penetrates in the radial direction of the main nail tail 212, thereby dividing the main nail tail 212 into at least two pieces. In this embodiment, the main nail tail 212 includes two cross-shaped splitting grooves 2121, the two splitting grooves 2121 divide the longitudinal section of the main nail tail 212 into four equal parts, i.e., four petals, which can be spread apart by external force to increase the diameter. The main shank 213 connects the main head 211 and the main tail 212, and the length thereof in the axial direction is determined according to actual requirements, such as the length of the tibia 10, and the length of the tibia 10 varies from person to person, which is determined by the height. The hollow cavity 214 penetrates along the axial direction of the main nail 21, and includes a section of a large diameter cavity 2141 located at the main nail head 211, and a section of a small diameter cavity 2142 located at the main nail body 213 and the main nail tail 212. The diameter of the large diameter cavity 2141 is larger than the diameter of the small diameter cavity 2142. The function and fit of the hollow cavity 214 will be described in detail below.
The core pin 22 includes a core pin head 221 and a core pin body 222. The core pin 22 is inserted into the hollow cavity 214 of the main pin 21. The core pin head 221 is received in the large diameter cavity 2141, and the diameter of the core pin head 221 is equal to the diameter of the large diameter cavity 2141 and larger than the diameter of the small diameter cavity 2142, so that the core pin head 221 is prevented from entering the small diameter cavity 2142 and only stays in the large diameter cavity 2141. The length of the core pin head 221 of the core pin 22 in the axial direction of the main pin 21 is smaller than the length of the large diameter cavity 2141 in the axial direction of the main pin 21, so that the core pin head 221 can be accommodated in the large diameter cavity 2141. When the core nail 22 is rotated, the core nail head 221 is provided with an inner hexagonal head 2211 at the free end in the axial direction of the main nail 21, so that the core nail 22 can be screwed by an inner hexagonal wrench. The length of the core nail body 222 is equivalent to the sum of the lengths of the main nail body 213 and the main nail tail 212, and the tail part is provided with external threads 2221. The function and fit of the external threads 2221 will be described in detail below.
The tap 23 is disposed at the rear of the shank 222 of the core pin 22 and includes a central hole 231 and an internal thread 232 disposed on the central hole 231. The central hole 231 is formed through the core shank 222. The internal threads 232 are coupled to the external threads 2223, i.e., have the same thread parameters, such as pitch, major diameter, minor diameter, thread count, etc., so that the tap 23 can be disposed at the end of the core pin 222. The length of the external thread 2223 of the core pin 22 exceeds 2 times the length of the internal thread 232 of the tap 23, so that the tap 23 can be moved in the axial direction of the core pin body 222. The contour line of the section of the cock 23 along the axial direction of the main nail 21 is an isosceles trapezoid, and the distance from the upper bottom of the isosceles trapezoid to the core nail head 221 is smaller than the distance from the lower bottom of the isosceles trapezoid to the core nail head 221, so that when the cock 23 moves towards the core nail head 221, the cock 23 will prop open the main nail tail 212, thereby increasing the diameter of the main nail tail 212. The central hole 231 is open along the height of the isosceles trapezoid of the tap 23, which is parallel to the axial direction of the main pin 21. In order to prevent the tap 23 from rotating with the core pin 22, the tap 23 further comprises at least two side wings 233 provided on its outer side wall. The lateral wings 233 are inserted into the split grooves 2121 of the main nail 21. It is contemplated that the wings 233 may move along the split groove 2121 when the cock 23 moves back and forth, but the cock 23 may not rotate together with the core pin 22 due to the interference of the split groove 2121.
In use, the tap 23 should first be located at the free end of the shank 222 of the core pin 22 to minimize the end of the main pin tail 212 of the main pin 21. The tibial/humeral intramedullary nail 20 is then inserted into the medullary canal 12 of the tibia 10 from the tibial plateau leading edge 11 of the tibia 10 in cooperation with the installation tool. After the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail 20 is fully inserted into the tibial medullary cavity 12, the hexagon socket 221 of the core head 221 of the core nail 22 is screwed using a hexagon socket wrench. Since the core pin head 221 is trapped in the large diameter cavity 2141 and the tap 23 is prevented from rotating with the core pin 22 by its side wings 233, the tap 23 will move in the direction of the core pin head 221. In the process that the cock 23 moves towards the core nail head 221, the cock 23 can open the four flaps of the main nail tail 212, so as to increase the diameter of the main nail tail 212, and make the main nail tail 212 abut against the side wall of the medullary cavity 12 of the tibia, thereby achieving the purpose of fixedly mounting the tibia/humeral intramedullary nail 20. In addition, when the main nail tail 212 is abutted against the side wall of the medullary cavity 12 of the tibia, the clamping force of the fractured tibia 10 can be increased, and the tibia is easier to recover.
Compared with the prior art, the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail 20 has the core nail 22 and the cock 23, so that the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail 20 has a self-locking function, a fixing screw does not need to be equipped, the operation is simple and convenient, and the use cost is reduced. In addition, the self-locking mode is used, so that the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail 20 does not need an external aiming device of a traditional intramedullary nail, the installation difficulty is reduced, the installation time is shortened, meanwhile, the fixation failure in the traditional locking mode is avoided, the safety and the effectiveness are improved, meanwhile, when the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail is installed, only an access point opening is needed, and the damage to the skin and bones of a patient is reduced.
Please refer to fig. 2, which is a schematic structural diagram of a humeral set 200 using a tibial/humeral intramedullary nail according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In contrast to the first embodiment, only the bone used by the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail 20 is different, which is identical to the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail 20 of the first embodiment. Thus, in the second embodiment, the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail is still referenced using the reference numeral of the fibular/radial intramedullary nail 20 of the first embodiment.
The humeral set 200 using the tibia/humeral intramedullary nail includes a humerus 30, and a tibia/humeral intramedullary nail 20 inserted in the humerus 30.
The humerus 30 is located on the upper arm, also called the upper arm bone. The upper end of the shoulder joint is provided with a hemispherical humerus head which forms a shoulder joint with a glenoid of the scapula; the lower end of the elbow joint and the upper ends of the ulna and the radius form the elbow joint. Is a typical long bone and can be divided into two integrated ends. The humerus 30 includes a greater tuberosity 31 at the upper end and a medullary cavity 32 in the humeral body. The detailed physiological structure and operation principle of the humerus 30 should be known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described herein.
When the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail 20 is installed, it is inserted into the humeral medullary cavity 32 via a central approach to the greater tuberosity 31 of the humerus 30. The installation of the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail 20 can then be completed by rotating the core pin 22 until rotation is difficult.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements that are within the spirit of the present invention are intended to be covered by the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. A tibial/humeral intramedullary nail, characterized by: the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail comprises a main nail, a core nail arranged inside the main nail and a cock arranged at one end of the core nail, wherein the main nail comprises a main nail head, a main nail tail, a main nail body positioned between the main nail head and the main nail tail, and a hollow cavity penetrating through the main nail head, the main nail tail and the main nail body, a straight U-shaped groove is formed in the free end of the main nail head, the hollow cavity comprises a large-diameter cavity positioned in the main nail head and a small-diameter cavity positioned between the main nail body and the main nail tail, the main nail tail comprises at least one split groove, the core nail comprises a core nail head and a core nail body, the core nail head is accommodated in the large-diameter cavity, the diameter of the core nail head is larger than that of the small-diameter cavity, external threads are arranged at the tail of the core nail body, the main nail tail comprises two split grooves crossed with cross sections, the two longitudinal split grooves divide the four longitudinal grooves into four parts, the four longitudinal parts, the tap is arranged on the side wall of the main nail head, the tap body, the tap is arranged on the side wall of the isosceles nail, the tap body, the tap is arranged along the axial direction of the isosceles trapezoid, and the tap is arranged on the isosceles trapezoid side wall of the isosceles nail head, and the tap.
2. The tibial/humeral intramedullary nail of claim 1, wherein: the height of the isosceles trapezoid is parallel to the axial direction of the main nail.
3. The tibial/humeral intramedullary nail of claim 1, wherein: the length of the core nail head of the core nail along the axial direction of the main nail is smaller than the length of the large-diameter cavity along the axial direction of the main nail.
4. The tibial/humeral intramedullary nail of claim 3, wherein: the free end of the core nail head of the core nail is provided with an inner hexagon.
5. The tibial/humeral intramedullary nail of claim 1, wherein: the free end of the main nail head is provided with a straight U-shaped groove.
6. The tibial/humeral intramedullary nail of claim 1, wherein: the length of the external thread of the core pin exceeds 2 times the length of the internal thread of the cock.
7. A tibial set for use with a tibial/humeral intramedullary nail, the tibial set comprising a tibia, and the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail of any one of claims 1 to 6 inserted within the tibia, the tibia comprising a tibial plateau leading edge and a tibial medullary cavity, wherein: the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail is inserted into the tibia medullary cavity from the front edge of the tibia platform, and the main nail butts against the side wall of the tibia medullary cavity.
8. A humeral set using a tibial/humeral intramedullary nail, the tibial set including a humerus, the tibial/humeral intramedullary nail of any of claims 1 to 6 inserted within the humerus, the humerus including a greater tuberosity of the humerus and a medullary cavity of the humerus, the humerus comprising: the tibia/humerus intramedullary nail is inserted into the humerus medullary cavity from the center of the greater tuberosity of the humerus, and the free end of the main nail tail abuts against the side wall of the humerus medullary cavity.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710620714.6A CN107260287B (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2017-07-27 | Tibia/humerus intramedullary nail, tibia group and humerus group using same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710620714.6A CN107260287B (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2017-07-27 | Tibia/humerus intramedullary nail, tibia group and humerus group using same |
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| CN107260287B true CN107260287B (en) | 2023-03-21 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1631326A (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2005-06-29 | 潘滔 | Expanded Intramedullary Nail |
| CN101234037A (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2008-08-06 | 肖亮星 | Dilating expansion intramedullary nail |
| WO2012010184A1 (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-26 | Norman Zschech | Intramedullary nail |
| CN102784002A (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-11-21 | 北京纳通科技集团有限公司 | Tibial intramedullary nail |
| CN204618378U (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-09-09 | 焦作市新港医疗设备有限公司 | A kind of ulna intramedullary pin and ulna fixed structure |
-
2017
- 2017-07-27 CN CN201710620714.6A patent/CN107260287B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1631326A (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2005-06-29 | 潘滔 | Expanded Intramedullary Nail |
| CN101234037A (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2008-08-06 | 肖亮星 | Dilating expansion intramedullary nail |
| WO2012010184A1 (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-26 | Norman Zschech | Intramedullary nail |
| CN102784002A (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-11-21 | 北京纳通科技集团有限公司 | Tibial intramedullary nail |
| CN204618378U (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-09-09 | 焦作市新港医疗设备有限公司 | A kind of ulna intramedullary pin and ulna fixed structure |
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| CN107260287A (en) | 2017-10-20 |
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