CN107052560B - A kind of axis system for realizing the friction surfacing with the shaft shoulder - Google Patents
A kind of axis system for realizing the friction surfacing with the shaft shoulder Download PDFInfo
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- CN107052560B CN107052560B CN201710152972.6A CN201710152972A CN107052560B CN 107052560 B CN107052560 B CN 107052560B CN 201710152972 A CN201710152972 A CN 201710152972A CN 107052560 B CN107052560 B CN 107052560B
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- main shaft
- consumables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/125—Rotary tool drive mechanism
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种实现带轴肩的摩擦堆焊的主轴系统，包括圆棒耗材和圆筒外壳、圆筒外壳内同轴的空心主轴、沿空心主轴内孔上下滑动的轴套、与空心主轴下端固定的自锁加紧机构和刚性轴套。圆棒耗材上端与轴套固定、下端通过自锁加紧机构和刚性轴套与工件表面接触。当空心主轴高速旋转时，将通过轴套和下端自锁加紧机构带动圆棒耗材与刚性轴套高速旋转、同时轴套沿空心主轴向下移动，使得圆棒耗材在高速旋转同时又能沿轴向向下移动，刚性轴套起到非消耗轴肩摩擦挤压作用，从而实现带轴肩的摩擦堆焊工艺过程。采用这种主轴系统不仅可以提高圆棒耗材利用率，而且有效消除传统摩擦堆焊层边缘的弱连接缺陷，获得力学性能更为优异的摩擦堆焊层。
The invention discloses a main shaft system for realizing friction surfacing with shaft shoulders, comprising round bar consumables, a cylindrical casing, a coaxial hollow main shaft in the cylindrical casing, a shaft sleeve sliding up and down along the inner hole of the hollow main shaft, and a hollow main shaft. A self-locking tightening mechanism and a rigid bushing are fixed at the lower end of the main shaft. The upper end of the round bar consumables is fixed with the shaft sleeve, and the lower end is in contact with the surface of the workpiece through the self-locking tightening mechanism and the rigid shaft sleeve. When the hollow spindle rotates at a high speed, the round bar consumables and the rigid bushing will be driven to rotate at a high speed through the shaft sleeve and the lower end self-locking and tightening mechanism, and at the same time, the shaft sleeve moves down along the hollow spindle, so that the round bar consumables can rotate at high speed while being able to move along the Moving down in the axial direction, the rigid bushing plays the role of frictional extrusion of the non-consumable shoulder, so as to realize the friction surfacing process with the shoulder. The use of this spindle system can not only improve the utilization rate of round bar consumables, but also effectively eliminate the weak connection defect at the edge of the traditional friction surfacing layer, and obtain a friction surfacing layer with better mechanical properties.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solid phase Friction welding technique fields, and in particular to a kind of main shaft for realizing the friction surfacing with the shaft shoulder
System.
Background technique
Friction surfacing is a kind of special material surface built-up welding and processing technology, it is the principle reality material using friction welding (FW)
The advanced technologies method of weld deposit process.As shown in Figure 1, friction surfacing cardinal principle is described as follows: the material of built-up welding will be needed first
Material is sized to pole consumptive material 2, secondly applies high speed rotation effect to pole consumptive material and applies while high speed rotation
Add certain axial upsetting force；In this way under the collective effect of high speed rotation and axial compressive force, when pole consumptive material 2 and substrate surface
It will necessarily be generated when 1 contact and largely frictionally heat effect, nearby material occurs obviously to soften and enters thermoplastic consumptive material frictional interface
Character state；Since its big pyroconductivity of substrate volume is apparently higher than 2 side of pole consumptive material, thus frictional heat source is largely focused on
Near 2 frictional interface of pole consumptive material, so that nearby material constantly enters hot plastic state and forms a large amount of consumptions consumptive material frictional interface
Material overlap 3 is looped around consumptive material end；At this time when pole consumptive material 2 is along substrate surface transverse shifting, the thermoplastic to be formed is frictionally heated
Property material continuously will be transitioned into substrate surface and form continuous bead-on-plate weld (by overlay cladding 4).
Since consumptive material is completely in softening in this process hot plastic state will not generate fusing, thus with it is conventional fused
Bead-welding technology compares, and friction surfacing has the advantage that (1) friction surfacing process will not generate fusing and process of setting, thus
The generation of melting welding defect, the institute such as effectively prevent various metallurgical imperfections related with material solidification such as micro-crack, stomata and be mingled with
The overlay cladding of acquisition is the forging tissue of compressive stress state；(2) in the collective effect of high speed rotary grinding heat source and upsetting force
Under, friction surfacing layer tissue compact structure, crystal grain are tiny and have excellent mechanical performances；(3) welding process may be implemented to be difficult
The weld deposit process of the various dissimilar metals of built-up welding, preparation have the gradient overlay cladding of special various performances；(4) weld deposit process belongs to
Mechanical processing process, smoke dust splashes, without arc light and radiation pollution and frictional heat source it is high-efficient, be it is a kind of it is environmentally protective with it is high
The material surface processing method of effect；(5) the similar heavily loaded numerically-controlled machine tool equipment of surfacing equipment, weld deposit process automation easy to accomplish,
High production efficiency；(6) since weld deposit process belongs to Solid-phase welding process, it is easy to realize all positon heap welder of substrate surface
Skill.
At present in developed countries industrial circle, friction surfacing technology has obtained extensive concern and has carried out many applications
Basic research, the technology have been used in the manufacture of components local surfaces it is wear-resisting undermine corrosion-resistant composite layer, such as various slide valves
Wearing layer manufacture and reparation of the processing of surface corrosion-resistant coating, various blades and wear parts etc..It is many experiments have shown that: friction heap
Welding technology is friction rolling, part quickly manufactures, prepared by composite material, the reparation of mechanical engineering structure partial and the built-up welding such as remanufacture
Potentiality are had a wide range of applications with processing and manufacturing field.
But there are still following main problems for conventional friction weld deposit process: (1) utilization rate of pole consumptive material is low.Due in tradition
During friction surfacing, restriction do not carried out to material near consumptive material frictional interface, most of consumptive material will form overlap and
It consumes, so that cannot effectively be transitioned into substrate surface forms heap weld seam, the utilization rate of built-up welding consumptive material is caused to be substantially reduced.Test
Show that the small part material (in 1/3 radius of pole center) in the only centre of pole consumptive material can just be transitioned into substrate surface
Overlay cladding is formed, and remaining material is respectively formed overlap and is wrapped in around consumptive material.(2) built-up welding bed boundary bonding strength is uneven,
Central area is high and bonding strength is substantially reduced and is easy to produce Weak link defect at two edges.Due to consumptive material frictional interface pressure
It is obvious uneven, center is high and edge is low, non-soldering defect can be generated by being formed by overlay cladding two edges.Therefore traditional overlay cladding
Edge is easy to generate Weak link defect, and bonding strength is low.Especially when carrying out multiple tracks built-up welding, before rear road heap weld seam need to be overlapped in
Road weld edge position could improve bonding strength in entire overlay cladding, but cannot still completely eliminate overlay cladding in some cases
The non-soldering defect at edge and substrate surface, this will generate entire overlay cladding welding quality and seriously affect.
In order to obtain good overlay cladding bonding strength, machine-tooled method must be used preceding built-up welding when carrying out multiple tracks built-up welding
The non-soldering Regional resection of seam two edges, which falls, just can be carried out neighbouring welding bead built-up welding, this not only further wastes resurfacing welding material and makes
Bead-welding technology complicates, and friction surfacing technology is made to be difficult to apply to the large-area built-up welding layer system of substrate surface in engineering
It is standby.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned limitation for overcoming conventional friction bead-welding technology process to generate, the benefit of friction surfacing consumptive material is effectively improved
With rate, the welding quality eliminated overlay cladding edge Weak link defect and further improve friction surfacing layer.The present invention proposes one kind
Friction surfacing processing method and its realization device with the shaft shoulder, not only can effectively be limited with specific device in this way and
Overlap, the raising consumptive material utilization rate that consumptive material generates are squeezed, and since the upsetting force that the shaft shoulder generates makes consumptive material frictional interface
Uniform stressed, the Weak link defect that can effectively eliminate friction surfacing layer edge.Fundamentally improve conventional friction bead-welding technology
Process realizes that multiple tracks is continuous and the friction surfacing process of large area, effectively widens the application range of conventional friction technique for overlaying simultaneously
Obtain the more excellent friction surfacing layer of mechanical property.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of axis system for realizing the friction surfacing with the shaft shoulder proposed by the present invention,
Including pole consumptive material and cylindrical shell, coaxial in the cylindrical shell to be equipped with hollow spindle, the both ends of the hollow spindle are equal
It is pierced by from the both ends of the cylindrical shell, the pole consumptive material is arranged in the hollow spindle, the lower end of the hollow spindle
Equipped with the self-locking clamping mechanism of consumptive material, the lower end of the self-locking clamping mechanism of consumptive material is fixed with rigid axle sleeve, the rigidity axle sleeve shape
At the on-consumable rigidity shaft shoulder, the stiff shaft is arranged with the through-hole coaxial with the hollow spindle, the pole consumptive material it is upper
End is pierced by from the upper end of the hollow spindle, and the lower end of the pole consumptive material is successively from the hollow spindle and the rigid axle sleeve
It is pierced by, the side wall of the hollow spindle is equipped with two slide key through slots of radial symmetric, and the lower part of the hollow spindle is equipped with
Main power wheel, the lower part of the cylindrical shell are equipped with the opening penetrated through with cylindrical shell, the position of the opening and the active
The axial position of wheels is corresponding, and the top and bottom of the cylindrical shell pass through described in the angular bearing of carrying and ring flange support
Hollow spindle rotation, driving device impart power to main power wheel, so that the hollow spindle be driven to rotate；The pole consumption
The upper end of material is fixed with axle sleeve, is slidably matched between the axle sleeve and the hollow spindle；Radial direction is fixed on the axle sleeve
Symmetrical two slide keys, two slide keys are inlaid in respectively in two slide key through slots；The self-locking clamping mechanism packet of consumptive material
A cylinder, two movable pulleies and four wedge blocks are included, the external rotary surface of the movable pulley is circular arc concave surface, circular arc concave surface
Radius of curvature is consistent with the outer diameter of the pole consumptive material；The barrel jacket is on the shaft part of the hollow spindle lower end, in the axis
Section is equipped with the elliptical aperture for installing the mounting groove of circular arc concave surface movable pulley and for installing movable pulley rotary shaft, the sliding
It is transition fit between the circular arc concave surface of wheel and the outer surface of the pole consumptive material, four wedge blocks are separately positioned on the cylinder
Between the movable pulley rotary shaft, the bottom of the cylinder is equipped with threaded hole corresponding with four wedge block positions, often
Puller bolt is equipped in a threaded hole；Wedge block is withstood in the puller bolt locking, and the self-locking clamping mechanism consumes pole
Material bears lower movement vertically while the effect of uniform torque within the scope of whole length, to realize friction surfacing work
Skill.
Further, the present invention realizes the axis system of the friction surfacing with the shaft shoulder, wherein the circular arc of the movable pulley is recessed
Face is 70 °~90 ° in the central angle of axial section.
The internal diameter of the rigidity axle sleeve through-hole is 1mm bigger than the outer diameter of pole consumptive material or the rigid axle sleeve and the pole consume
It is to be slidably matched between material.
The present invention realizes that the axis system of the friction surfacing with the shaft shoulder is to realize band shaft shoulder friction surfacing technique, build friction
The key mechanism system of surfacing equipment.Compared with conventional friction built-up welding the invention has the following advantages:
(1) when realizing that friction surfacing is processed using axis system of the present invention, the generation of pole consumptive material overlap can effectively be limited
And the utilization rate of consumptive material is improved to greatest extent.State of the conventional friction built-up welding to consumptive material without restriction is fundamentally improved, is adopted
Nearby soften consumptive material with on-consumable rigidity shaft shoulder restriction frictional interface, limits the generation of consumptive material overlap effectively to obviously mention
The utilization rate of high consumptive material.
(2) when realizing that friction surfacing is processed using axis system of the present invention, it can increase frictional interface edge axial compressive force, mention
High rim bonding strength and the welding defect for eliminating overlay cladding edge effectively increase friction surfacing slice width degree and further increase consumption
Material utilization rate and overlay cladding welding quality, to realize that the friction surfacing layer of multiple tracks multilayer larger area provides basis.
(3) different-diameter (such as 10-20mm) and length 400- may be implemented by design requirement in axis system of the present invention
The friction surfacing technique of the poles consumptive material such as 1000mm, friction surfacing layer length obtained and width are apparently higher than conventional friction heap
The size constraints of layer.Conventional friction built-up welding leans on pole consumptive material own dimensions to bear axial compressive force and rotation torque work completely
With, thus consumptive material diameter cannot its too small length can not be very long, be otherwise unable to complete friction surfacing technical process.And it is of the invention
Using band keyway hollow spindle, fixed pole consumptive material axle sleeve, angular loading bearing, the self-locking clamping mechanism of consumptive material bottom bevel with it is non-
Shaft shoulder system limitation and restriction consumptive material is consumed, friction surfacing process can be realized using different-diameter and the biggish consumptive material of length,
Effectively widen the application field of friction surfacing technique.
(4) using the axis system of axis system replacement conventional friction surfacing equipment of the invention, so that it may realize this hair
The band shaft shoulder friction surfacing technological principle of bright proposition.The device is easy to operate, technical process is reliable and stable, is promotion and application band
The key mechanism of shaft shoulder friction surfacing new process.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is conventional friction weld deposit process schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the friction surfacing process schematic of the invention with the shaft shoulder；
Fig. 3-1 is the surface structure schematic diagram of the friction surfacing axis system of the invention with the shaft shoulder；
Fig. 3-2 is the appearance partial structurtes enlarged diagram at another visual angle of friction surfacing axis system shown in Fig. 3-1；
Fig. 3-3 is the main view of friction surfacing axis system shown in Fig. 3-1；
Fig. 3-4 is the side view of friction surfacing axis system shown in Fig. 3-1；
Fig. 3-5 is the complete section main view of friction surfacing axis system shown in Fig. 3-1；
Fig. 4-1 is the main view of main shaft shown in Fig. 3-5；
Fig. 4-2 is the side view of main shaft shown in Fig. 4-1；
Fig. 4-3 is the schematic perspective view of main shaft shown in Fig. 4-1；
Fig. 4-4 is the side view for removing the main axle structure after upper bearing (metal) in Fig. 4-3；
Fig. 5-1 is the complete section main view of the self-locking clamping mechanism of main shaft and its bottom；
Fig. 5-2 is the complete section side view of the self-locking clamping mechanism of main shaft and its bottom shown in Fig. 5-1；
Fig. 5-3 is the sectional perspective structural schematic diagram of the self-locking clamping mechanism of main shaft and its bottom shown in Fig. 5-1；
Fig. 6-1 is the complete section schematic perspective view of main shaft in the present invention；
Fig. 6-2 is the complete section schematic perspective view of another visual angle of main shaft shown in Fig. 6-1；
Fig. 7-1 is the schematic perspective view of the self-locking clamping mechanism of wedge shape of main shaft bottom in the present invention；
Fig. 7-2 is the schematic perspective view at another visual angle of the self-locking clamping mechanism of wedge shape shown in Fig. 7-1；
In figure:
1- substrate surface 2- pole consumptive material 3- consumptive material overlap 4- overlay cladding
The self-locking clamping mechanism of 5- rigidity shaft shoulder 6- hollow spindle 7- axle sleeve 8-
9- rigidity axle sleeve 10- shell 11- main power wheel 12- carries angular bearing
13- pole consumptive material 14- slide key 15- slide key through slot 16- movable pulley
17- bolt hole 18- wedge block 19- threaded hole 20- elliptical aperture
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, it is described specific
Embodiment is only explained the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention.
Shown in fig. 1 is conventional friction weld deposit process, and pole consumptive material 2 applies while high speed rotation in weld deposit process
Axial compressive force upset squeezes substrate surface 1 and along 1 transverse shifting of substrate surface, since spin friction heating and upsetting force act on
Consumptive material overlap 3 is formed simultaneously in the friction face Jie Chu, and consumptive material is gradually transitioned into substrate surface 1 and forms overlay cladding 4.It consumes in this process
Material rubbing surface is nearby completely freely there is no limit constraint, and consumptive material is subjected to axial compressive force effect and acts on also subject to torque, therefore
2 diameter of pole consumptive material cannot too small, length can not be too long, be otherwise difficult complete friction surfacing technical process.With weld deposit process
It constantly carries out, is formed by consumptive material overlap 3 and is continuously increased and wraps up the top to consumptive material.4 width of overlay cladding is formed by be less than
The diameter of pole consumptive material 2, and 4 two edges of overlay cladding are easy to produce Weak link defect due to pressure reduction.Additionally due to pole consumes
2 length limitation of material is difficult to prepare longer friction surfacing layer 4.
Friction surfacing technological principle signal Fig. 2 shows the present invention with the shaft shoulder, with conventional friction built-up welding shown in FIG. 1
The fundamental difference of journey is the rigid shaft shoulder (having the rigid formation of axle sleeve 5) for increasing an on-consumable near consumptive material frictional interface, should
The rigid shaft shoulder and 2 coaxial sleeve of pole consumptive material are near frictional interface.The rigidity shaft shoulder and pole consumptive material 2 be simultaneously in weld deposit process
High speed rotation and along 1 transverse shifting of substrate surface, but do not contact substrate surface 1 and with substrate surface 1 remain 1-2mm away from
From.The circular-hole internal-wall of the shaft shoulder 5 rigid in this way is identical as 2 rotation speed of pole consumptive material, will not generate frictionally heat between the two, circle
Stick consumptive material 2 only axially moves up and down under upsetting force effect along the circular hole of the rigid shaft shoulder 5, effectively limits near frictional interface
Due to the lateral expansion that the softening of pole consumptive material 2 generates, the rigid shaft shoulder is not contacted and substrate surface 1 thus will not be rubbed between substrate
Wipe power effect；Furthermore the rigid shaft shoulder 5 is pressed down against the consumptive material overlap 3 of consumptive material generation, the production of effective restriction consumptive material overlap 3 again
It is raw.The width for being formed by overlay cladding 4 in this way is approximately the diameter dimension of pole consumptive material 2, and 4 two edges of overlay cladding are due to rigidity
5 pressure of the shaft shoulder and limitation can dramatically increase the bonding strength of heap weld seam two edges, eliminate issuable Weak link defect, realize
Multiple tracks is continuous and the friction surfacing process of large area, and effectively widens the application range of conventional friction technique for overlaying, obtains mechanics
The more excellent friction surfacing layer of performance.
The present invention is on the basis of band shaft shoulder friction surfacing technological principle as shown in Figure 2, to realize the technical process
A kind of axis system for realizing the friction surfacing with the shaft shoulder, overall structure and partial component are proposed referring to following attached drawings, figure
3-1 and Fig. 3-2 is the appearance assumption diagram of axis system of the present invention；Fig. 3-3, Fig. 3-4 and Fig. 3-5 are respectively axis system of the present invention
Main view, side view and full sectional view；Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-2 and Fig. 4-3 are the main view of main shaft in the present invention, side view and whole
Body structural schematic diagram, Fig. 4-4 are the side views of the main axle structure after removing upper bearing (metal)；Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-2 and Fig. 5-3 are the present invention
Middle main shaft and its self-locking clamping mechanism schematic diagram of bottom built-up welding pole consumptive material, Fig. 6-1 and Fig. 6-2 are the structures of main shaft in the present invention
Schematic diagram；Fig. 7-1 and Fig. 7-2 is the self-locking clamping mechanism detailed maps of wedge shape of main shaft bottom in the present invention.
It is carried out such as in conjunction with structure of the above-mentioned a attached drawing to the axis system that the friction surfacing with the shaft shoulder may be implemented in the present invention
Lower description, as in Figure 3-5, which includes pole consumptive material 13 and cylindrical shell 10, coaxial in the cylindrical shell 10
Be equipped with hollow spindle 6, the both ends of the hollow spindle 6 are pierced by from the both ends of the cylindrical shell 10, the pole consumptive material
13 are arranged in the hollow spindle 6, and the lower end of the hollow spindle 6 is equipped with the self-locking clamping mechanism 8 of consumptive material, and the consumptive material is self-locking
The lower end of clamping mechanism 8 is fixed with rigid axle sleeve 9, and the rigidity axle sleeve 9 forms the on-consumable rigidity shaft shoulder, the rigidity axle sleeve
9 are equipped with the through-hole coaxial with the hollow spindle 6, and the upper end of the pole consumptive material 13 is pierced by from the upper end of the hollow spindle 6,
The lower end of the pole consumptive material 13 is successively pierced by from the hollow spindle 6 and the rigid axle sleeve 9；The rigidity axle sleeve through-hole
Internal diameter is 1mm bigger than the outer diameter of pole consumptive material 13 or the rigid axle sleeve and the pole consumptive material 13 between to be slidably matched.
As shown in Fig. 3-1, Fig. 3-2, Fig. 3-3, Fig. 3-4 and Fig. 3-5, the side wall of the hollow spindle 6 is equipped with radial right
The lower part of the two slide key through slots 15 claimed, the hollow spindle 6 is equipped with main power wheel 11, and the lower part of the cylindrical shell 10 is set
There is the opening penetrated through with cylindrical shell 10, the position of the opening is corresponding with the axial position of the main power wheel 11, the circle
The top and bottom of cylinder shell 10 pass through the angular bearing 12 of carrying and ring flange, and (the bolt hole coaxial rigid on ring flange is fixed
Connect, be not drawn into fixed bolt hole in figure) support the hollow spindle 6 to rotate, the angular bearing 12 of carrying is used to support band
The high speed rotary motion of the hollow spindle 6 of slide key through slot 15 simultaneously applies axial upsetting force, and driving device imparts power to
Main power wheel 11, so that the hollow spindle 6 be driven to rotate.
As shown in Fig. 3-5 and Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-2, Fig. 4-3, Fig. 4-4, Fig. 5-1 and Fig. 6-1, the pole consumptive material 13 it is upper
End is fixed with axle sleeve 7, is slidably matched between the axle sleeve 7 and the hollow spindle 6；It is radial right to be fixed on the axle sleeve 7
Two slide keys 14 claimed, two slide keys 14 are inlaid in respectively in two slide key through slots 15.
It, can between hollow spindle 6 and axle sleeve 7 and self-locking about 8 each section of clamping mechanism of consumptive material in axis system of the present invention
To cooperate high strength exploitation, the installing and dismounting of the very convenient axis system and maintenance by ring flange, for easy
The angular bearing 12 of the carrying of loss is also convenient for replacing, and rectangular aperture, very convenient and main shaft power motor are provided on shell 10
Belt is connected, and can also just consider main shaft power mounting position of motor in the design phase, thus by axis system of the present invention with
Electrical machinery of active force integrates to form the independent achievable complete main tapping dynamical system with shaft shoulder friction surfacing technique.
In axis system of the present invention, as in Figure 3-5, hollow spindle 6 is the most critical portion of the main shaft power system and device
Part is equipped with the angular bearing 12 of carrying at the main shaft both ends to support the hollow spindle 6 to move, is equipped with skin on hollow spindle 6
For belt wheel as main power wheel 11, which is associated with machine spindle power motor (is not drawn into electrical machinery of active force in figure
With connect belt member), for transmit rotation main power source give with slide key through slot 15 hollow spindle 6.
In axis system of the present invention, the self-locking clamping mechanism 8 of consumptive material and on-consumable stiff shaft of 6 lower end of hollow spindle are set
Shoulder 9, wherein self-locking clamping mechanism 8 is used in the fixed pole consumptive material 13 in bottom, and the on-consumable rigidity formed by rigid axle sleeve 5
The axis shaft shoulder need using wear-resistant high-temperature resistance die steel make, wherein the diameter of bore of the shaft shoulder should be greater than pole consumptive material 1mm or
Between the two to be slidably matched, to guarantee that pole consumptive material 13 can not stress along axial direction moves up and down.It has been inside hollow spindle 6
The inner hole of complete perforative different-diameter, the diameter of bore of the larger size of middle and upper part is less times greater than being used to fix pole consumptive material 13
The outer diameter of the axle sleeve 7 of upper end, it is being slidably matched of not stressing that such axle sleeve 7 can be axially moveable along 6 inner hole of hollow spindle；It is hollow
The diameter of bore of the rigid axle sleeve 9 of 6 lower end of main shaft connection is consistent with the outer diameter of pole consumptive material 13, to guarantee pole consumptive material 13 along sky
6 inner hole of heart main shaft is axially moved up and down and is slided up and down across what rigid 9 inner hole of axle sleeve can not stress.6 top of hollow spindle
Most of region (as shown in Fig. 4-3, Fig. 4-4 and Fig. 5-1) is diametrically provided with slide key through slot 15, and the length of the keyway is determined
Pole consumptive material 13 is determined along axial shift motion, is the key parameter for determining friction surfacing fusion length；Pass through two in keyway
The phase constant connection of the axle sleeve 7 and 6 perfect rigidity of hollow spindle of fixed 13 upper end of pole consumptive material is fixed rear axle by slide key 14
Set 7 in 6 inner hole of hollow spindle due to the rigid restriction of slide key 14, can only be along the upper downslide that slide key through slot 15 does not stress
It is dynamic.Slide key 14 plays following important function in hollow spindle 6；First is that axle sleeve 7 and hollow spindle 6 are rigidly fixed in one
It rises；Second is that when 6 high speed rotation of hollow spindle 7 high speed rotation of axle sleeve will be driven by slide key 14, and rigidly fixed on axle sleeve 7
There is pole consumptive material 13, thus drives consumptive material high speed rotation；Third is that while guaranteeing 7 high speed rotation of axle sleeve, slide key 14 and energy
It is moved up and down along slide key through slot 15, to realize that the axial direction of consumptive material moves up and down, to realize the bead-welding technology mistake of friction consumptive material
Journey.
As shown in Fig. 5-2 and Fig. 6-2, in the cross-sectional view and Local map of hollow spindle 6, it can be seen that axis system of the present invention
In, the bolt hole 17 of installation pin is provided on the axle sleeve 7 of fixed 13 upper end of pole consumptive material, for precession jackscrew to fix pole consumption
Material 13；Diametrically both sides are fixed with slide key 14 again on axle sleeve 7, for axle sleeve 7 and hollow spindle 6 to be fixed together, simultaneously
Guarantee that axle sleeve 7 and 6 synchronous high-speed of hollow spindle rotate.
There are two the self-locking clamping devices 8 of consumptive material and the on-consumable shaft shoulder of circular arc concave surface movable pulley for the lower end band of hollow spindle 6
9, guarantee that consumptive material can be moved up and down along axial while for stepping up consumptive material, the on-consumable rigidity shaft shoulder softens consumptive material in restriction
While 13, apply the formation of upsetting force limitation consumptive material overlap, and extrusion friction face edge increases friction pressure, improves edge
Bonding strength and overlay cladding width.The length of hollow spindle 6 determines the achievable heap fusion length of friction surfacing, and plays support
The lateral bending of pole consumptive material 13 is limited, therefore apparatus of the present invention can realize that different-diameter (such as 10-20mm) length is 400-
The friction surfacing technique of 1000mm pole consumptive material is greatly broadened conventional friction bead-welding technology application range.
As shown in Fig. 3-5, Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-3, Fig. 5-3, Fig. 7-1 and Fig. 7-2, the self-locking clamping mechanism 8 of consumptive material includes
The external rotary surface of one cylinder, two movable pulleies 16 and four wedge blocks 18, the movable pulley 16 is circular arc concave surface, and circular arc is recessed
The radius of curvature in face is consistent with the outer diameter of the pole consumptive material, the central angle of the circular arc concave surface of the movable pulley 16 in axial section
It is 70 °~90 °.The barrel jacket is equipped with recessed for installing circular arc on the shaft part of 6 lower end of hollow spindle on the shaft part
The mounting groove of face movable pulley 16 and elliptical aperture 20 for installing movable pulley rotary shaft, the circular arc concave surface of the movable pulley 16 and institute
Stating is transition fit between the outer surface of pole consumptive material 13, and four wedge blocks 18 are separately positioned on the cylinder and the movable pulley
Between rotary shaft, the bottom of the cylinder is equipped with threaded hole 19 corresponding with four 18 positions of wedge block, each threaded hole
Puller bolt (being not drawn into figure) is equipped in 19；Wedge block 18 is withstood in the puller bolt locking.The practical work of self-locking clamping mechanism 8
When making, four wedge blocks 18 are squeezed by the puller bolt of threaded hole 19,18 transverse shifting of wedge block pushes the rotation of movable pulley 16
For shaft along 20 transverse shifting of elliptical aperture, whole process is entirely rigid contact displacement, with this realize to consumptive material bottom it is radial from
Lock steps up, while allowing consumptive material lower movement vertically.The important function of the clamping mechanism 8 is to step up consumptive material to play support work
Apply rotation torque in the top and bottom of consumptive material respectively with and with the cooperation of axle sleeve 7, the self-locking clamping mechanism consumes pole
Material 13 all bears relatively uniform torque effect within the scope of whole length, while can guarantee consumptive material lower movement vertically again, makes
Obtaining friction surfacing technical process can effectively implement to carry out.
In axis system of the present invention, the self-locking clamping mechanism 8 of hollow spindle 6, axle sleeve 7, consumptive material, on-consumable rigidity axle sleeve
(shoulder) 9 and pole consumptive material 13 are that whole being fixed on band keyway hollow spindle 6 is rotated integrally and moved up and down, the entirety
Component drives pole consumptive material 13 not only to carry out high speed rotation but also applied axial compressive force, while with axis system transverse shifting, to realize
The total movement of friction surfacing process.
Apparatus of the present invention are to build the key mechanism system with shaft shoulder friction surfacing equipment.It is replaced and is passed using the axis system
The axis system for friction surfacing equipment of uniting, so that it may realize band shaft shoulder friction surfacing technological principle proposed by the present invention.It is having
In the friction surfacing equipment course of work of axis system of the present invention, firstly, processing pole consumptive material 13 by size requirement, and in pole
13 upper end of consumptive material processes a facet, to pass through 17 precession jackscrew bolt of bolt hole in axle sleeve 7 to fix the pole
Consumptive material 13；Secondly, the pole consumptive material 13 processed is pierced into the hollow master with slide key through slot 15 from rigid axle sleeve (shoulder) 9
In axis 6, while by 13 upper end of the pole consumptive material insertion axle sleeve 7 with facet, the side of axle sleeve 7 passes through spiral shell using jackscrew bolt
Keyhole 17 rigidly fixes 13 upper end of pole consumptive material；Third, through the invention in the self-locking clamping mechanism 8 of consumptive material step up under consumptive material
End, by threaded hole 19 precession, four puller bolts, four puller bolts will guarantee that uniform precession makes four wedge blocks 18 right
Claim uniformly movement, to guarantee that two movable pulleies 16 with circular arc concave surface step up pole consumptive material 13 in；Finally, mobile rigid
Property axle sleeve (shoulder) 9 end face distance be dumped weldering base material surface to have the gap 1-2mm, it is horizontal by regulation rotation speed, axial compressive force machine
To movement speed starting spindle motor carry out built-up welding, can be obtained with 13 diameter width of pole consumptive material it is essentially identical, with a thickness of 1-
The friction surfacing layer of 2mm.
Apparatus of the present invention have relatively simple for structure, installing and dismounting and a convenient operating maintenance, and overall structure rigidity is big, built-up welding
The outstanding advantages such as process is reliable and stable, the friction surfacing service life is long are to realize band shaft shoulder friction surfacing technological principle and manufacture novel
The crucial mainshaft mechanism system of friction surfacing equipment.It is main using the friction surfacing process window range of the device are as follows: rotation speed
Degree is in 3000-5000rpm, axial upsetting force in 800kg-3000kg, transverse shifting speed in 100mm/min-300mm/min
Range.It is different according to pole consumptive material diameter, select to be suitble to built-up welding parameter to can be obtained and consumptive material diameter width is essentially identical, thickness
For the friction surfacing layer of 1-2mm.
Such as use Q235B diameter for the pole consumptive material of 16mm in X65 steel surface, in 3500rpm rotation speed, 1200kg
Under upsetting force and 100mm/min transverse shifting speed, available width is about 16mm, the friction surfacing layer with a thickness of 1.2mm.
It such as uses X52 diameter for the pole consumptive material of 20mm in X52 steel surface, is pushed up in 4500rpm rotation speed, 1800kg
Under forging force and 200mm/min transverse shifting speed, available width is about 20mm, the friction surfacing layer with a thickness of 1.6mm.
To sum up, the present invention proposes a kind of friction surfacing processing method and its realization device with the shaft shoulder, using on-consumable axis
Shoulder nearby carries out rigid constraint to consumptive material frictional interface, limits the generation of consumptive material overlap；And consumptive material overlap and frictional interface are applied
Add upsetting force, so that frictional interface area increases, frictional interface edge friction pressure increases, expands the width of friction surfacing layer
With the Weak link defect for eliminating overlay cladding edge.
Although above in conjunction with attached drawing, invention has been described, and the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific implementations
Mode, the above mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art are at this
Under the enlightenment of invention, without deviating from the spirit of the invention, many variations can also be made, these belong to of the invention
Within protection.
Claims (3)
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| CN201710152972.6A CN107052560B (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2017-03-15 | A kind of axis system for realizing the friction surfacing with the shaft shoulder |
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| CN109202274B (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2021-04-09 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | High-speed rotation consumable friction material increase manufacturing method and heat dissipation forming tool |
| CN110899952A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-03-24 | 天津大学 | Pull-out friction plug repair welding spindle head device with rotating shoulder |
| CN114131176B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-08-02 | 天津大学 | Main shaft system for solid-phase friction extrusion additive manufacturing |
| FR3132450A1 (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2023-08-11 | Stirweld | Work Interface Accessory, Work Kit, and Friction Stir Welding Process |
| CN115283813B (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2024-09-13 | 江苏大学 | Main shaft system and method for differential friction extrusion additive manufacturing |
| CN114871564B (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2023-11-21 | 中南大学 | Additive device and additive method |
| CN115121813B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2023-04-07 | 河北科技大学 | Auxiliary heating friction material increase main shaft system capable of automatically clamping base material and ejecting excess material |
| CN115319269B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2024-04-09 | 江苏大学 | Multi-channel high-flux device for friction extrusion deposition of metal material and processing method |
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| EP0474455A2 (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1992-03-11 | The Welding Institute | Friction surfacing |
| JP2008188605A (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Machine for friction stir surfacing and method |
| CN103350278A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-10-16 | 天津大学 | Pressure-controlled friction stir welding main shaft head device |
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