CN107035188A - Ultrathin AGV vehicle carriers - Google Patents
Ultrathin AGV vehicle carriers Download PDFInfo
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- CN107035188A CN107035188A CN201710478078.8A CN201710478078A CN107035188A CN 107035188 A CN107035188 A CN 107035188A CN 201710478078 A CN201710478078 A CN 201710478078A CN 107035188 A CN107035188 A CN 107035188A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
- E04H6/08—Garages for many vehicles
- E04H6/12—Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles
- E04H6/18—Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles with means for transport in vertical direction only or independently in vertical and horizontal directions
- E04H6/182—Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles with means for transport in vertical direction only or independently in vertical and horizontal directions using car-gripping transfer means
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明公开了一种新型的超薄型AGV车辆搬运器The invention discloses a novel ultra-thin AGV vehicle carrier
背景技术Background technique
为了解决立体车库中自动存取汽车的问题,目前的自动化立体停车设备行业出现了很多能实现对汽车进行搬运存取的搬运器。这些搬运器主要的交接方式有载车板式、梳齿式和夹臂式三种形式。载车板式交接需利用载车板实现车辆在搬运器和停车位间的交接,当连续存车时,需要搬运器先从停车位上或载车板存放处搬运空载车板至存车位置,再进行存车动作;当连续取车时,搬运器需要将多余的载车板存放至空停车位上或载车板存放处,以腾出取车位置。因此这种方式存取车时间长,搬运器工作量大,存取效率低。梳齿式和夹臂式均可实现车辆在搬运器和停车位间直接交接,其中梳齿式结构简单,可行性高,但需要设置梳齿停车架,增加建造成本,且占用一定高度空间,降低了高度空间利用率。目前的夹臂式搬运器的厚度尺寸均大于汽车底盘高度,受汽车底盘高度的限制,需将汽车停放在停车台上,或者在地面上挖沟,使车辆搬运器能过钻入汽车底盘之下进行车辆交接搬运,仍存在车库基建成本高、空间利用率低的弱点。还有一些方案采用侧面夹持式,即对于停放在平地上的汽车,搬运器在汽车侧面进行夹持式交接搬运,搬运器不需整体钻入车底,在无停车台或地面凹槽的停车平面上实现对车辆的存取交接和搬运,但需要在汽车侧面预留出一定工作区域,平面利用率低。而且上述各种夹持式搬运器普遍存在对不同汽车前后轴距适应性差的弱点,实施效果不理想。In order to solve the problem of automatic storage and retrieval of automobiles in the three-dimensional garage, many carriers that can carry out the transportation and retrieval of automobiles have appeared in the current automatic three-dimensional parking equipment industry. The main handover methods of these carriers are car-loading plate type, comb-tooth type and jig-arm type. The vehicle-carrying plate transfer needs to use the vehicle-carrying plate to realize the handover of the vehicle between the carrier and the parking space. When the car is stored continuously, the carrier needs to move the empty car plate from the parking space or the car-carrying plate storage place to the parking position. , and then carry out the car storage action; when picking up the car continuously, the carrier needs to store the redundant car-carrying plate on the empty parking space or the car-carrying plate storage place to free up the car picking position. Therefore, it takes a long time to access the car in this way, the workload of the carrier is large, and the access efficiency is low. Both the comb-tooth type and the jig-arm type can realize the direct transfer of vehicles between the carrier and the parking space. Among them, the comb-tooth type has a simple structure and high feasibility, but it needs to set up a comb-tooth parking frame, which increases the construction cost and occupies a certain height space. Reduced height space utilization. The thickness of the current jib-type carriers is greater than the height of the chassis of the car. Limited by the height of the car chassis, it is necessary to park the car on the parking platform or dig a trench on the ground so that the car carrier can pass through the chassis of the car. Carrying out vehicle handover and handling under the environment still has the disadvantages of high cost of garage infrastructure and low space utilization. There are also some schemes that use side clamping, that is, for cars parked on flat ground, the carrier performs clamping handover and handling on the side of the car, and the carrier does not need to be drilled into the bottom of the car as a whole. The access, handover and handling of vehicles is realized on the parking plane, but a certain working area needs to be reserved on the side of the car, and the utilization rate of the plane is low. And the above-mentioned various clamping type carriers generally have the weakness of poor adaptability to the front and rear wheelbases of different automobiles, and the implementation effect is unsatisfactory.
发明内容Contents of the invention
基于上述技术背景,本发明提出了一种超薄型AGV车辆搬运器的解决方案,该搬运器总体高度小于130mm,低于大部分轿车底盘高度,对于停在地面上的待搬运车辆,超薄型车辆搬运器在高度方向上允许其直接驶入底盘下方,由可伸缩式机构连接前后分离的载车体对汽车前后轮距进行适配,之后在每个轮胎处采用旋转抬车楔块加持车轮,实现存取车交接,并通过AGV行走系统实现平面内自由行走移动。该交接方式不需特设停车架、停车台或搬运器行走轨道等辅助设施,简化了车库结构,降低了车库建设造价和维护成本。由于无需设置停车架,使单层高度降低,在车库总体高度相同的条件下,可增设更多楼层数,提高了空间利用率。Based on the above technical background, the present invention proposes a solution for an ultra-thin AGV vehicle carrier. The overall height of the carrier is less than 130mm, which is lower than the chassis height of most cars. The vehicle carrier allows it to drive directly under the chassis in the height direction, and the front and rear separated vehicle bodies are connected by a telescopic mechanism to adapt the front and rear wheelbases of the vehicle, and then each tire is supported by a rotating lift wedge Wheels, to realize the handover of access vehicles, and to realize free walking and movement in the plane through the AGV walking system. This handover method does not require special auxiliary facilities such as parking racks, parking platforms, or moving tracks for carriers, which simplifies the structure of the garage and reduces the construction and maintenance costs of the garage. Since there is no need to set up a parking rack, the height of the single floor is reduced. Under the condition that the overall height of the garage is the same, more floors can be added, which improves the space utilization rate.
目前的车辆搬运器大多沿固定轨道行走,无法对停车位上偏斜汽车的进行位姿调整和纠偏,或者仅能对偏斜汽车进行微调。从而要求司机将汽车停正,对位姿偏差有一定要求,从而增加了司机的停车难度。本发明的超薄型AGV搬运器摆脱了沿固定轨道运行的限制,能对平地上任意位姿停放汽车进行匹配搬运,降低了对司机停车技术的要求,提升了搬运器的工作适应性。Most of the current vehicle handlers walk along fixed tracks, and cannot adjust the pose and correct the deviation of the car on the parking space, or can only fine-tune the deviation car. Therefore, the driver is required to park the car upright, and there are certain requirements for the posture deviation, thereby increasing the parking difficulty of the driver. The ultra-thin AGV transporter of the present invention gets rid of the limitation of running along a fixed track, can carry out matching handling for cars parked in any posture on flat ground, reduces the requirements for the driver's parking technology, and improves the work adaptability of the transporter.
本发明采用的技术方案如下:The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:
一种超薄AGV车辆搬运器,由前后结构相同的两个车体单元组成,所述的两个车体单元通过中部的可伸缩式连接机构连接;每个所述的车体单元包括行走部分、抱轮抬升部分和车架结构;所述的行走部分包括两个驱动轮模块和四个从动轮模块,所述的两个驱动轮模块沿着车架结构的纵向方向分布,其的作用是实现搬运车体的平面全向行走,所述的四个从动轮模块安装在车架结构的四个角上,其的作用是辅助驱动轮分担载车重量和平衡支承车体;所述的抱轮抬升部分包括两套抱轮抬升组件,两套抱轮抬升组件位于车架结构的两侧;每套抱轮抬升组件包括驱动机构、传动机构和抱轮机构,驱动机构提供动力输出,传动机构实现运动减速和动力放大,抱轮机构最终将汽车抬离地面;所述的车架结构采用边梁式机构,为行走部分、抱轮抬升部分提供支撑;相比于常用的中梁式和箱体式,空间利用率更大,整体高度更低,满足超薄发明要求。An ultra-thin AGV vehicle carrier, consisting of two car body units with the same front and rear structures, the two car body units are connected by a telescopic connection mechanism in the middle; each of the car body units includes a walking part , the lifting part of the holding wheel and the frame structure; the walking part includes two driving wheel modules and four driven wheel modules, and the two driving wheel modules are distributed along the longitudinal direction of the frame structure, and its function is To realize the plane omnidirectional walking of the transport vehicle body, the four driven wheel modules are installed on the four corners of the vehicle frame structure, and their function is to assist the driving wheels to share the load load and balance the support vehicle body; The wheel lifting part includes two sets of wheel-holding lifting components, and the two sets of wheel-holding lifting components are located on both sides of the frame structure; each set of wheel-holding lifting components includes a driving mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a wheel-holding mechanism. The driving mechanism provides power output, and the transmission mechanism To achieve motion deceleration and power amplification, the wheel-holding mechanism finally lifts the car off the ground; the frame structure uses a side beam mechanism to provide support for the walking part and the wheel-holding lifting part; compared with the commonly used center beam and box Body style, greater space utilization, and lower overall height, meeting the requirements of ultra-thin inventions.
进一步的,所述的可伸缩式连接机构由两个相同的伸缩机构通过连接套固定,所述的每个伸缩机构包括导向轴和可以在导向轴上相对滑动的导轨组成,前后导轨分别和超薄型搬运器的前后车体单元固连,从而实现两车体单元在前后方向的相对移动。Further, the telescopic connection mechanism is fixed by two identical telescopic mechanisms through connecting sleeves, and each telescopic mechanism includes a guide shaft and a guide rail that can slide relatively on the guide shaft. The front and rear car body units of the thin carrier are fixedly connected, so as to realize the relative movement of the two car body units in the front and rear directions.
进一步的,所述的驱动轮模块包括一个安装在车架结构上的回转支撑,在所述的回转支撑内安装有两个对称且紧凑布置的驱动单元,每个所述的驱动单元驱动一个车轮旋转;当两个对称车轮转速相同时,驱动模块直行,当需要变向时,可以通过控制每个单元的电机转速来调控两个车轮的转速差,利用差速运动实现整个驱动轮模块的精确变向。Further, the driving wheel module includes a slewing support installed on the frame structure, two symmetrical and compactly arranged drive units are installed in the slewing support, each of the drive units drives a wheel Rotation; when the two symmetrical wheels rotate at the same speed, the drive module will go straight. When it is necessary to change direction, the speed difference between the two wheels can be adjusted by controlling the motor speed of each unit, and the differential motion can be used to realize the precise movement of the entire driving wheel module. change direction.
进一步的,所述回转支承由支承外圈、支承内圈、钢珠和辊子组成,所述钢珠设置在支承外圈和支承内圈的径向接触面之间,所述的辊子设置在支承外圈和支承内圈的周向接触面之间;支承外圈与搬运器车架结构焊接。Further, the slewing bearing is composed of a supporting outer ring, a supporting inner ring, steel balls and rollers, the steel balls are arranged between the radial contact surfaces of the supporting outer ring and the supporting inner ring, and the rollers are arranged on the supporting outer ring Between the circumferential contact surface of the supporting inner ring; the supporting outer ring is welded to the frame structure of the carrier.
进一步的,每个所述驱动单元包括直流伺服电机及减速器、链轮副、轴、车轮和各结构连接件;其工作流程为:直流伺服电机输出动力,经过减速器减速输出至主动轴,再通过链轮副传递到从动轴上的车轮体,实现车轮转动。当两个对称车轮转速相同时,驱动模块直行,当需要变向时,可以通过控制每个单元的电机转速来调控两个车轮的转速差,利用差速运动实现整个驱动轮模块的精确变向。Further, each of the drive units includes a DC servo motor, a reducer, a sprocket pair, a shaft, a wheel and various structural connectors; its working process is: the DC servo motor outputs power, which is decelerated and output to the driving shaft through the reducer, Then, it is transmitted to the wheel body on the driven shaft through the sprocket pair to realize the rotation of the wheel. When the two symmetrical wheels rotate at the same speed, the drive module will go straight. When it is necessary to change direction, the speed difference between the two wheels can be adjusted by controlling the motor speed of each unit, and the precise direction change of the entire driving wheel module can be achieved by using differential motion. .
进一步的,所述的从动轮模块包括连接杆架、连接板、连接侧板、从动车轮;其中连接杆架连接从动车轮与搬运器车架结构其一端通过焊接连接在车架上,另一端通过连接端盖连接在连接侧板上,从动车轮安装在连接侧板之间。Further, the driven wheel module includes a connecting rod frame, a connecting plate, a connecting side plate, and a driven wheel; wherein the connecting rod frame connects the driven wheel and the carrier frame structure, one end of which is connected to the frame by welding, and the other One end is connected to the connecting side plates through the connecting end cover, and the driven wheels are installed between the connecting side plates.
进一步的,所述的从动轮,其轴线和车架支承点间存在偏心距,从而当搬运器车体变向时,从动轮受到偏心力,使其跟随搬运器运动,避免车轮卡死。Further, there is an eccentric distance between the axis of the driven wheel and the supporting point of the frame, so that when the vehicle body of the carrier changes direction, the driven wheel is subjected to an eccentric force, so that it moves with the carrier to avoid the wheel from being stuck.
进一步的,所述的车架结构包括两个平行的支撑杆,两个驱动轮模块沿着支撑杆的纵向方向设置在支撑杆之间,且驱动轮模块的回转支撑焊接在支撑杆内。Further, the frame structure includes two parallel support rods, two drive wheel modules are arranged between the support rods along the longitudinal direction of the support rods, and the rotary support of the drive wheel modules is welded in the support rods.
进一步的,所述抱轮的驱动机构包括两个设置在一条直线上的直流伺服电机和两个减速器,所述抱轮的传动机构采用两个蜗轮蜗杆减速;所述的抱轮抬升装置包括窄抬车楔块和宽抬车楔块;每个减速机驱动一个蜗杆旋转;每个蜗杆与一个涡轮配合,所述的蜗轮为不完全蜗轮,保证抬车楔块的旋转角度在给定范围内;且涡轮驱动抱轮抬升装置抬起;一个涡轮驱动窄抬车楔块,另一个涡轮驱动宽抬车楔块;两个涡轮通过连接板与车架机构相连;两抬车楔块的初始位置紧贴车体两侧,进入汽车底部后,窄抬车楔块先旋转90度,并通过前后车体分离运动对车轮进行适配并定位,随后宽抬车楔块旋转,通过加持力将车轮抬起,当宽抬车楔块旋转到和窄抬车楔块相互平行的位置时,汽车车轮的抬升高度达到最大。Further, the driving mechanism of the holding wheel includes two DC servo motors arranged on a straight line and two reducers, and the transmission mechanism of the holding wheel adopts two worm gears to reduce speed; the lifting device of the holding wheel includes Narrow lifting wedge and wide lifting wedge; each reducer drives a worm to rotate; each worm cooperates with a worm gear, and the worm gear is an incomplete worm gear to ensure that the rotation angle of the lifting wedge is within a given range and the turbine drives the wheel lifting device to lift; one turbine drives the narrow lifting wedge, and the other turbine drives the wide lifting wedge; the two turbines are connected with the frame mechanism through the connecting plate; the initial position of the two lifting wedges The position is close to the two sides of the car body. After entering the bottom of the car, the narrow lift wedge is rotated 90 degrees first, and the wheels are adapted and positioned through the separation movement of the front and rear car body. Then the wide lift wedge rotates, and the The wheels are raised, and when the wide lift chock rotates to a position parallel to the narrow lift chock, the lift height of the vehicle wheel reaches the maximum.
所述抱轮的传动机构采用蜗轮蜗杆减速,可以在抬升过程中保持自锁,The transmission mechanism of the holding wheel adopts worm gear to reduce speed, which can keep self-locking during the lifting process.
本发明的整体工作过程如下:Overall working process of the present invention is as follows:
(1)抬车步骤。用户存车,将汽车停放在待搬运区,拉起手刹,用户离开。搬运器驶入汽车底盘下,搬运器前部车体和后部车体的窄抬车楔块旋出,前后两部分向分离的方向运动,窄抬车楔块碰触到汽车前后车轮后,完成搬运器与汽车之间的定位。随后宽抬车楔块旋转,与窄抬车楔块一起实现抱轮运动,依靠两楔块的夹持力将汽车抬起,完成搬运器抬车步骤。(1) Lifting steps. The user parks the car, parks the car in the waiting area, pulls up the handbrake, and the user leaves. The carrier drives under the chassis of the car, and the narrow lifting wedges of the front and rear body of the carrier are unscrewed, and the front and rear parts move in the direction of separation. After the narrow lifting wedges touch the front and rear wheels of the car, Complete the positioning between the carrier and the car. Then the wide lifting wedge rotates, and together with the narrow lifting wedge, the wheel holding movement is realized, and the vehicle is lifted by the clamping force of the two wedges, and the lifting step of the carrier is completed.
(2)搬运步骤。搬运器载着汽车进入升降机,随升降机到达相应楼层后,搬运器从升降机驶出,通过定位系统确定自身在该层车库的精确二维坐标位置,并将位置上传至中央控制系统。中央控制系统将规划好的行走路线传输给搬运器。搬运器依照接受到的路线行走。行走过程中通过定位装置实时确定自身位置,并实时与中央控制系统通信,以修正行走轨迹偏差,直至搬运器到达指定停车位。(2) Handling steps. The carrier carries the car into the elevator, and after the elevator reaches the corresponding floor, the carrier drives out of the elevator, determines its precise two-dimensional coordinate position in the garage of this floor through the positioning system, and uploads the position to the central control system. The central control system transmits the planned walking route to the carrier. The carrier follows the received route. During the walking process, the positioning device determines its own position in real time, and communicates with the central control system in real time to correct the deviation of the walking track until the carrier reaches the designated parking space.
(3)放车步骤。搬运器到达停车位之后,抬车楔块反向旋转将车轮松开,汽车落下,搬运器驶出汽车底盘,放车步骤结束。(3) Steps to release the car. After the carrier arrives at the parking space, the lifter wedge rotates in reverse to release the wheels, the car falls, the carrier rolls out of the car chassis, and the step of putting the car ends.
(4)取车过程与存车过程相反,此处不再赘述。(4) The process of picking up the car is opposite to the process of storing the car, and will not be repeated here.
本发明的有益效果如下:The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1.本发明的AGV超薄型车辆搬运器能够对停放在地面上的汽车进行搬运存取工作,不需要停车架、轨道以及其他任何辅助设备。极大提高了空间利用率,降低了车库的建造成本和施工难度。1. The AGV ultra-thin vehicle carrier of the present invention can carry out the handling and access work to the cars parked on the ground, without the need for parking racks, tracks and any other auxiliary equipment. The space utilization rate is greatly improved, and the construction cost and construction difficulty of the garage are reduced.
2.本发明的超薄型车辆搬运器可以对平地上任意位姿停放的汽车进行自动匹配和搬运,大大降低了对司机停车技术的要求。2. The ultra-thin vehicle carrier of the present invention can automatically match and transport the cars parked in any posture on the flat ground, greatly reducing the requirements for the driver's parking technology.
3.搬运器的前后车体通过伸缩机构连接,可通过分离运动实现对汽车前后轮距的匹配,该匹配方式不需额外附加驱动系统,并通过窄抬楔块定位轮胎,其定位精度高,适应性强。3. The front and rear car bodies of the carrier are connected by a telescopic mechanism, which can realize the matching of the front and rear track of the car through the separation movement. This matching method does not require an additional drive system, and the tires are positioned by narrow lifting wedges, and its positioning accuracy is high. Adaptable.
4.本发明的超薄型车辆搬运器可直接驶入汽车底部工作,无需汽车托架、停车架、轨道等辅助设施,提高了车库高度空间利用率。相对于侧面汽车搬运器,无需在停车位之间留出搬运器工作空间,提高了车库平面空间利用率。4. The ultra-thin vehicle carrier of the present invention can directly drive into the bottom of the car to work, without the need for auxiliary facilities such as car brackets, parking racks, and tracks, which improves the space utilization rate of the garage height. Compared with the side car mover, there is no need to leave a work space for the mover between the parking spaces, which improves the utilization rate of the garage plane space.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,并不构成对本申请的不当限定。The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute improper limitations to the present application.
图1超薄型AGV车辆搬运器总图;Figure 1 General drawing of ultra-thin AGV vehicle carrier;
图2行走机构总体布置图;Figure 2 The overall layout of the traveling mechanism;
图3、图4行走驱动轮组整体图;Figure 3 and Figure 4 are the overall view of the traveling drive wheel set;
图5单个驱动轮图;Figure 5 single drive wheel diagram;
图6单个搬运车体图;Figure 6 is the body diagram of a single transport vehicle;
图7从动万向轮整体图;Figure 7 is the overall view of the driven universal wheel;
图8万向轮轮轴装配图;Figure 8 Assembly drawing of universal wheel axle;
图9抱轮抬升机构总图;Figure 9 is a general diagram of the lifting mechanism of the holding wheel;
图10抱轮抬升机构驱动模块图;Fig. 10 is the driving module diagram of the wheel holding lifting mechanism;
图11抱轮抬升机构传动系统总图;Figure 11 is a general diagram of the transmission system of the wheel holding lifting mechanism;
图12不完全蜗轮零件图;Figure 12 Parts diagram of incomplete worm gear;
图13窄抬车楔块单元图;Figure 13 Narrow lift wedge unit diagram;
图14宽抬车楔块单元图;Figure 14 Wide lift wedge unit diagram;
图15蜗轮蜗杆装配图;Figure 15 Assembly drawing of worm gear;
图16前后车体连接图;Figure 16 Front and rear car body connection diagram;
图17连接机构单元图;Figure 17 connection mechanism unit diagram;
上图中,11前搬运车体、12后搬运车体、13前后可伸缩式连接机构、14行走机构、15抱轮抬升机构、16车架结构;In the figure above, 11 front handling vehicle body, 12 rear handling vehicle body, 13 front and rear telescopic connection mechanism, 14 traveling mechanism, 15 wheel holding lifting mechanism, 16 frame structure;
21行走驱动轮组、22从动轮;21 travel drive wheel set, 22 driven wheels;
31左驱动轮单元、32右驱动轮单元、33零部件支架、34回转支承、35支承外圈、36支承内圈、37钢珠、38辊子;31 Left driving wheel unit, 32 Right driving wheel unit, 33 Parts bracket, 34 Slewing bearing, 35 Supporting outer ring, 36 Supporting inner ring, 37 Steel ball, 38 Roller;
41直流伺服电机、42行星减速器、43主动链轮、44链条、45从动链轮、46车轮轴、47车轮;41 DC servo motor, 42 planetary reducer, 43 driving sprocket, 44 chain, 45 driven sprocket, 46 wheel axle, 47 wheel;
51车体纵梁;52电机支撑架;51 car body longitudinal beam; 52 motor support frame;
61从动轮连接杆架、62从动轮下部轮体、63从动车轮、64右侧板、65左侧板、66连接端盖;61 driven wheel connecting rod frame, 62 driven wheel lower wheel body, 63 driven wheel, 64 right side plate, 65 left side plate, 66 connecting end cover;
71从动轮轴、72滚珠轴承、73套筒、74轴端盖板;71 driven wheel shaft, 72 ball bearing, 73 sleeve, 74 shaft end cover plate;
81右电机单元、82蜗轮蜗杆副、83连接板、84窄抬楔块、85宽抬楔块、86左电机单元;81 right motor unit, 82 worm gear pair, 83 connecting plate, 84 narrow lifting wedge, 85 wide lifting wedge, 86 left motor unit;
91直流伺服电机、92减速器、93联轴器、94蜗杆;91 DC servo motor, 92 reducer, 93 coupling, 94 worm;
101蜗轮、102窄抬楔块连接轴、103宽抬楔块连接轴;101 worm gear, 102 narrow lifting wedge connecting shaft, 103 wide lifting wedge connecting shaft;
141轴承座;141 bearing seat;
161导向轴、162限位块、163中部连接套、164车体导轨。161 guide shafts, 162 limit blocks, 163 middle connecting sleeves, 164 car body guide rails.
具体实施方式detailed description
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。It should be pointed out that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation to the present application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。It should be noted that the terminology used here is only for describing specific implementations, and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural, and it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they mean There are features, steps, operations, means, components and/or combinations thereof.
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细说明:The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
一、超薄型AGV车辆搬运器总体功能划分1. The overall function division of the ultra-thin AGV vehicle carrier
如图1所示,超薄型AGV车辆搬运器,包括前后结构相同的两个搬运车体11、12,两者通过搬运器中部的可伸缩式连接机构13可动连接。单个搬运车体单元,以后部车体为例,包括能实现平面直行和转向的行走部分14,能实现从地面上直接举升汽车的抱轮抬升部分15和连接各个机构的车架结构16。As shown in FIG. 1 , the ultra-thin AGV vehicle carrier includes two carrier bodies 11 and 12 with the same front and rear structures, and the two are movably connected through a telescopic connection mechanism 13 in the middle of the carrier. A single transport vehicle body unit, taking the rear vehicle body as an example, includes a walking part 14 that can realize straight travel and steering, a wheel-holding lifting part 15 that can directly lift the car from the ground, and a frame structure 16 that connects various mechanisms.
二、行走部分结构发明2. Invention of walking part structure
如图2所示,AGV车辆搬运器的行走部分包括前后对称的四个驱动轮组21和前后对称的八个万向轮22,该部分的主要作用是实现车辆搬运器在立体车库楼层平面全方位行走。As shown in Figure 2, the walking part of the AGV vehicle carrier includes four drive wheel sets 21 with front and rear symmetry and eight universal wheels 22 with front and rear symmetry. Azimuth walking.
如图3、4所示,行走驱动轮组包括两个对称的车轮单元31和32、零部件支架33和回转支承34。回转支承34由行走驱动轮组支承外圈35、行走驱动轮组支承内圈36、钢珠37和辊子38组成,钢珠37减少行走驱动轮组支承外圈35和行走驱动轮组支承内圈36之间竖直方向的摩擦,辊子38减少两者之间水平方向的摩擦,支承外圈35与搬运器车体焊接。As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the traveling drive wheel set includes two symmetrical wheel units 31 and 32 , component supports 33 and slewing bearings 34 . The slewing ring 34 is made up of the supporting outer ring 35 of the traveling drive wheel set, the supporting inner ring 36 of the traveling driving wheel set, the steel ball 37 and the roller 38. The friction in the vertical direction between the two, the roller 38 reduces the friction in the horizontal direction between the two, and the support outer ring 35 is welded with the carrier body.
如图5所示,单个差速轮单元的工作过程为:直流伺服电机41输出动力,经过行星减速器42减速后传递到输出轴上的主动链轮43,再通过链条44传入从动链轮45,从动链轮和车轮轴46连接,最终通过轴46带动车轮47转动,所述的各个零部件通过支架33进行连接装配。如图3、4所示,两个车轮单元31、32对称安装在圆形安装平台上,通过控制伺服电机的输出转速实现对两车轮的速度控制,当两车轮转速相同时,驱动轮组单元直行,当两车轮存在速度差时,驱动轮组单元会进行不同角度的旋转运动,通过四个驱动轮组21行走方式的相互配合,实现超薄型车辆搬运器车体的平面全方位行走。由于超薄型车辆搬运器工作时需要钻入汽车底盘,所以在满足功率要求的前提下,直流伺服电机41、减速器42等标准件,以及连接架33、安装平台34等加工件的几何参数在高度方向上都须选择或发明成最小尺寸。同时本发明采用了八个电机驱动的方式,分散了每个电机承担的工作功率,从而进一步减小了电机和各个零部件的尺寸。As shown in Figure 5, the working process of a single differential wheel unit is as follows: the DC servo motor 41 outputs power, after being decelerated by the planetary reducer 42, it is transmitted to the driving sprocket 43 on the output shaft, and then transmitted to the driven chain through the chain 44 Wheel 45, driven sprocket and wheel shaft 46 are connected, and finally drive wheel 47 to rotate through shaft 46, and each described component is connected and assembled through bracket 33. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the two wheel units 31 and 32 are symmetrically installed on the circular installation platform, and the speed control of the two wheels is realized by controlling the output speed of the servo motor. When the speed of the two wheels is the same, the wheel unit is driven Going straight, when there is a speed difference between the two wheels, the driving wheel unit will rotate at different angles, and through the cooperation of the four driving wheel groups 21 in walking modes, the ultra-thin vehicle carrier body can travel in all directions on a plane. Since the ultra-thin vehicle carrier needs to drill into the chassis of the car when it is working, the geometric parameters of the standard parts such as the DC servo motor 41 and the reducer 42, as well as the processed parts such as the connecting frame 33 and the installation platform 34, must meet the power requirements. All must select or invent the minimum size in the height direction. Simultaneously, the present invention adopts eight motor-driven modes, which disperses the work power undertaken by each motor, thereby further reducing the size of the motor and each component.
如图6所示,车体的四个角上都装有万向轮22,如图2所示,前后车体共有八个万向轮。如图7所示,万向轮体通过上部的连接杆件61和车体纵梁51焊接,这样的连接方式使得万向轮轴线和连接点间存在一个连杆61长度的偏心距,故当车体变向时,万向轮将受到偏心力,可使万向轮快速随动,避免卡死。从动轮的下部轮体62和连接杆架61通过连接端盖66相连,下部轮体的连接方式如图7所示,轮轴71右端通过盖板74和右连接板66固连定位,左端通过左连接板65,支承车轮63通过一对滚珠轴承72和轮轴71连接,轴承通过套筒73进行轴向定位,因而轮体可以承受来自轴向和径向两个方向的力,从而稳定搬运车体。As shown in Figure 6, universal wheels 22 are installed on the four corners of the car body, and as shown in Figure 2, there are eight universal wheels in total in the front and rear car bodies. As shown in Figure 7, the universal wheel body is welded to the car body longitudinal beam 51 through the upper connecting rod 61. This connection makes there be an eccentricity of the length of the connecting rod 61 between the universal wheel axis and the connection point, so when When the car body changes direction, the universal wheel will be subjected to eccentric force, which can make the universal wheel move quickly and avoid jamming. The lower wheel body 62 of the driven wheel is connected to the connecting rod frame 61 through the connecting end cover 66. The connection mode of the lower wheel body is shown in Figure 7. The right end of the wheel shaft 71 is fixedly connected by the cover plate 74 and the right connecting plate 66. The connecting plate 65 and the supporting wheel 63 are connected to the wheel shaft 71 through a pair of ball bearings 72, and the bearings are axially positioned through the sleeve 73, so that the wheel body can bear forces from both axial and radial directions, thereby stabilizing the vehicle body .
三、抱轮抬升部分3. Lifting part of holding wheel
抱轮抬升部分可以实现对停在地面上的汽车进行举升,其整体结构如图6、图9所示,抱轮抬升机构15的左右电机86、81通过电机架52和车体纵梁51连接,抱轮抬升机构的蜗轮蜗杆副82、窄抬车楔块84、宽抬车楔块85以及各构件的支承定位件都通过心形连接壁板83和车体纵梁51螺钉可拆卸连接。图10所示为电机单元,直流电机91通过减速器92一级减速后,其输出轴与联轴器93连接,将动力传递至蜗杆94。如图10所示,蜗杆94和蜗轮101啮合进行二级减速,使蜗轮101旋转一定的角度,同时与左右蜗轮固连的窄抬车楔块84和宽抬车楔块85也随之旋转,两者通过连接轴102和103与连接板83可动连接,由于宽窄抬车楔块的极限旋转角度为90度,蜗轮仅有约三分之一圆周的轮齿,不完全蜗轮如图12所示。宽窄抬车楔块的末端是上下两片安装在蜗轮轴上的圆盘连接板,其结构如图13、图14所示,蜗轮蜗杆的装配关系如图15所示。抬车工作过程为:两抬车楔块的初始位置紧贴车体两侧,搬运器处于宽度最小状态,当搬运器驶入汽车底盘后,电机81启动,通过联轴器93,驱动蜗轮蜗杆副62,使前后搬运车体的抬车楔块84旋出90度,如图11的虚线位置所示,前后车体分离并位移一定距离,使窄抬车楔块84碰触到车轮,完成搬运器与汽车之间的定位过程,随后宽抬车楔块85旋转,宽抬车楔块与窄抬车楔块84相配合,依靠夹持力将车轮抬起,以完成抬车步骤。行走机构启动,抬车楔块始终处于抱轮状态。当搬运器行驶至指定位置,宽窄抬车楔块进行与抬车过程相反的逆旋转运动,车轮缓缓降下,汽车落地,搬运器从汽车底盘下驶出。The wheel-holding lifting part can lift the car parked on the ground. Its overall structure is shown in Figure 6 and Figure 9. The left and right motors 86, 81 of the wheel-holding lifting mechanism 15 pass through the motor frame 52 and the vehicle body longitudinal beam 51. Connection, the worm gear and worm pair 82 of the wheel-holding lifting mechanism, the narrow lifting wedge 84, the wide lifting wedge 85, and the supporting and positioning parts of each component are all detachably connected by the heart-shaped connecting wall plate 83 and the car body longitudinal beam 51 screws . FIG. 10 shows the motor unit. After the DC motor 91 is decelerated in one stage by the reducer 92 , its output shaft is connected with the coupling 93 to transmit the power to the worm 94 . As shown in Figure 10, the worm 94 and the worm wheel 101 are meshed to carry out two-stage deceleration, so that the worm wheel 101 is rotated at a certain angle, and the narrow lifting wedge 84 and the wide lifting wedge 85 which are fixedly connected with the left and right worm gears also rotate thereupon. The two are movably connected to the connecting plate 83 through the connecting shafts 102 and 103. Since the limit rotation angle of the wide and narrow lifting wedges is 90 degrees, the worm wheel has only about one-third of the circumference of the teeth, and the incomplete worm wheel is shown in Figure 12. Show. The ends of the wide and narrow lifting wedges are two disc connecting plates installed on the worm shaft, the structure of which is shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14, and the assembly relationship of the worm gear is shown in Figure 15. The working process of lifting the car is as follows: the initial positions of the two lifting wedges are close to the two sides of the car body, and the carrier is in the minimum width state. When the carrier enters the chassis of the car, the motor 81 is started, and the worm gear and worm are driven through the coupling 93. Auxiliary 62, make the lifting wedge 84 of front and rear handling car body rotate out 90 degrees, as shown in the dotted line position of Figure 11, the front and rear car body separates and displaces certain distance, makes narrow lifting wedge 84 touch the wheel, completes During the positioning process between the carrier and the car, the wide lifting wedge 85 rotates, and the wide lifting wedge cooperates with the narrow lifting wedge 84, and the wheels are lifted by the clamping force to complete the lifting step. The running mechanism starts, and the lifting wedge is always in the state of holding the wheel. When the carrier travels to the designated position, the wide and narrow lifting wedges perform a counter-rotation movement opposite to the lifting process, the wheels are slowly lowered, the car lands, and the carrier drives out from under the chassis of the car.
三、车架连接机构3. Frame connection mechanism
本发明采用了可以实现前后分离的两车体结构,即用前车体对汽车前部轮胎进行抱轮抬升,后车体对汽车后轮进行抱轮抬升,如图16所示,前后车体通过具有伸缩功能的连接结构151进行可动连接。如图17所示,连接机构相对于中部连接套163左右对称,为了结构表述清楚,去除了右侧的导轨164。中部连接套163对导向长轴161提供支承固定,导向轴161的末端有一个限位块162套嵌在前后导轨164上,前后导轨164可以在导向轴161上做前后相对滑动,并通过限位块162限位。前后导轨分别和前后车体的纵梁焊接,行走部分和抱轮抬升部分与车体纵梁固连,从而实现前后车体在x方向的固定和在y方向的相对移动。The present invention adopts the structure of two car bodies that can realize front and rear separation, that is, the front car body is used to lift the front tires of the car, and the rear car body is used to lift the rear wheels of the car. As shown in Figure 16, the front and rear car bodies The movable connection is performed through the connection structure 151 having a telescoping function. As shown in FIG. 17 , the connecting mechanism is left-right symmetrical with respect to the middle connecting sleeve 163 , and the guide rail 164 on the right side is removed for clarity of structure expression. The connecting sleeve 163 in the middle provides support and fixation for the long guide shaft 161, and a limit block 162 is nested on the front and rear guide rails 164 at the end of the guide shaft 161. Block 162 limit. The front and rear guide rails are respectively welded to the longitudinal beams of the front and rear car bodies, and the walking part and the wheel-holding lifting part are fixedly connected to the longitudinal beams of the car body, so as to realize the fixation of the front and rear car bodies in the x direction and the relative movement in the y direction.
为了保证搬运器的高度在130mm以内,各个零部件以车体的两纵梁为基准,在同一平面上装配,从而大大降低了搬运器整体高度。In order to ensure that the height of the carrier is within 130mm, each component is assembled on the same plane based on the two longitudinal beams of the car body, thereby greatly reducing the overall height of the carrier.
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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CN108016528A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-05-11 | 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 | Automatic guiding vehicle |
CN108189929A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-06-22 | 国信机器人无锡股份有限公司 | The ultra-thin omni-directional wheel group of parking robot |
CN108266035A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-07-10 | 中唐空铁集团有限公司 | A kind of control system of composite type stereo garage |
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CN113291392A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2021-08-24 | 沈阳新松机器人自动化股份有限公司 | Heavy-load AGV system |
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CN109101031A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-28 | 中原工学院 | Spunlace non-woven cloth carries AGV trolley |
CN109669488B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-01-28 | 中广核达胜加速器技术有限公司 | Control method for irradiation trolley large chain transmission and related product |
CN109669488A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-23 | 中广核达胜加速器技术有限公司 | One kind being used for radiation trolley control method chaindriven greatly and Related product |
CN109910727A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-21 | 北京德威佳业科技有限公司 | A gripping device for AGV trolley |
US12221155B2 (en) | 2019-06-06 | 2025-02-11 | Hangzhou Hikrobot Co., Ltd. | Differential drive device and AGV |
EP3929064A4 (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2022-04-27 | Hangzhou Hikrobot Technology Co., Ltd. | DIFFERENTIAL AND AGV |
CN110329392A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-10-15 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of novel parking AGV trolley |
CN113291392A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2021-08-24 | 沈阳新松机器人自动化股份有限公司 | Heavy-load AGV system |
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CN112282456A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-29 | 深圳精智机器有限公司 | Heavy duty vehicle carrier and method |
CN112573439A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-03-30 | 中航宝胜智能技术(上海)有限公司 | Climbing mechanism that AGV was used |
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