CN106843973B - A method of transplanting embedded system simultaneously starts in SD card - Google Patents
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- CN106843973B CN106843973B CN201710052891.9A CN201710052891A CN106843973B CN 106843973 B CN106843973 B CN 106843973B CN 201710052891 A CN201710052891 A CN 201710052891A CN 106843973 B CN106843973 B CN 106843973B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
- G06F8/70—Software maintenance or management
- G06F8/76—Adapting program code to run in a different environment; Porting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
- G06F8/40—Transformation of program code
- G06F8/41—Compilation
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/4401—Bootstrapping
- G06F9/4406—Loading of operating system
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of transplanting embedded system and in the method for SD card starting, including transplanting of the Linux on soft-core processor, the addition of self-defining device driving, configuration and the starting in SD card.Experiments have shown that can satisfy user's needs complicated and changeable using the SoPC that Linux is developed, and construct simply, quickly, shortens the development cycle of product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to embedded OS fields, more particularly to built-in Linux in particular hardware platform
Transplanting and starting.
Background technique
Compared with other embedded OSs, built-in Linux have open source code, high stability, development cost are low,
The features such as hardware supported multiplicity, portability, short development cycle, by academia, business circles, industry extensive concern.It is being embedded in
Formula application aspect, 2.6 new version kernel of Linux provide stronger strong support, such as when to promotion, the response of break feature
Between shortening, kernel seize the support of characteristic, the introducing of efficient dispatching algorithm etc., the especially promotion of real-time characteristic so that
It is more widely applied in embedded systems.
SoPC (System On a Programmable Chip, programmable system on chip) is as a kind of special insertion
Microsever system has merged the advantage of SoC and FPGA respectively, and has software and hardware in-system programmable components, can reduce, can expand
It fills, scalable function, has been increasingly becoming an emerging technique direction.The core of SoPC be realized on FPGA it is embedded
Microprocessor core, and how for specific microprocessor select suitable embedded OS be SoPC exploitation difficult point it
One.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of method transplanting embedded system and starting in SD card, realize in Linux
The additions of custom hardware device drives, the starting of system configuration and SD card.
It is as follows that the technical scheme adopted by the invention to solve the technical problem:
A method of transplanting embedded system simultaneously starts in SD card, comprising the following steps:
1) cross compilation environment is established
Using the method for cross compile, kernel and application program are compiled on host, generate target machine processing
The executable binary digit stream file of device, this file download to target machine is run；It establishes to intersect for soft core microprocessor and compile
Device is translated, source./settings.sh script is run, establishes cross compilation environment automatically；
2) hardware platform is established
A file is established for each application project, the hardware configuration of the engineering is saved, selects corresponding hardware platform,
Kernel just can read the configuration file under project file folder, establish hardware platform using Linux-newplatform order, transport
Row make menuconfig order, selects the hardware platform in Vendor/Product Selction option, will be at EDK
The configuration file of generation is converted into the format that Linux can be identified, runs Linux-copy- under project file folder
Autoconfig order is automatically performed format conversion, and copies under configuration file to selected project file folder；
3) addition self-defining device driving
Customized IP core is added in Linux configuration, key step is as follows:
Make equipment initialization function ddc.c associated with kernel setup first；
Then make device driver ddc_adapter.c associated with kernel setup；
The finally Kconfig file where modification device driver under catalogue, makes to can choose this when configuring kernel and sets
Standby driving, thus selects customized device drives when configuring linux kernel；
4) linux kernel is configured
Graphical authoring tools make menuconfig order is run, kernel and system environments are configured.
In the device drives option of kernel setup, the consistent hardware device drivers of hardware configuration of selection and system, tool
Body configures following items:
The selection of Block devices block device；
The selection of Misc device promiscuous device；
The selection of the Network device support network equipment；
The selection of Character devices character device；
The SD card of carry DOS file system, automatic log-on environment configurations, including following items:
The setting of System Settings system；
Core Applications kernel application；
Network Applications network application；
Miscellaneous Applications mixes application；
BusyBox configures the order in system kernel；
Successively execute order: make dep, make clean, make all establishes file dependence, removes old text
Part compiles kernel, generates kernel image；
5) Linux configuration file is modified
The image file download that above-mentioned steps are generated normally logs in linux system, modification inittab text into SoPC
Part directly initiates shell；Automatic running application program: modification rc file adds the order of application program herein, transports after starting
The row order；Remove agetty option in customize Vendor/User Setting under Core Applications and
Init option recompilates kernel, in the file system for making modification write-in Linux；
6) start Linux using SD card
Hardware bit stream file and image.elf are fabricated to ACE file, copied in SD card, configuration SD card starting
Linux, by SD card subregion and formatting, then this file system of carry, steps are as follows:
(1) SD card being mounted in linux system, SD card is divided into 3 areas by operation order fdisk/dev/sda, and first
Subregion stores system.ace file；Second subregion is the exchange partition Linux Swap, and third subregion stores root file system；
(2) it is ext2 file system, operation order: mke2fs/dev/sda3 that third subregion is formatted under Linux；/
Order :/dev/sda3/mnt/rootfs auto defaults, user, noauto 00 is inputted under etc/fstab；Carry should
Catalogue: mount/mnt/rootfs copies root file system rootfs on the subregion of SD card to；
(3) it is FAT32 file system that the first subregion is formatted under Windows, and system.ace is copied to this subregion；
(4) it is exchange partition, operation order: mkswap/dev/sda2 that the second subregion is formatted under Linux.
(5) after ready, it is inserted into SD card, opens power supply, starts Linux from SD card.
Compared with the background technology, the present invention, what is had is following the utility model has the advantages that realizing Linux in the shifting of soft-core processor
It plants, and successfully realizes the starting scheme of the addition of custom hardware device drives in Linux, system configuration and SD card.Pass through shifting
Linux is planted, the SoPC developed herein is used directly for Practical Project；The transplanting of the embedded OS is quick, simple, and
And since it is based on linux kernel, to ensure that the stability of system.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described further below.
After the completion of the building of SoPC hardware system, for the kernel of this structure configuration operating system, specific step is as follows:
1. establishing cross compilation environment
The method that embedded system development generally uses cross compile carries out kernel and application program that is, on host
Compiling generates the executable binary digit stream file of target machine processor, this file download to target machine is run.Linux needle
Cross-compiler is established to soft core microprocessor, runs source./settings.sh script, system can establish intersection automatically and compile
Translate environment.
2. establishing hardware platform
A file is established for each application project, saves the hardware configuration of the engineering.When transplanting Linux, only need
Corresponding hardware platform is selected, kernel just can read the configuration file under project file folder.Use Linux-newplatform
Hardware platform is established in order, if using MMU (virtual memory management unit), then addition-m option after ordering herein.Hardware is flat
After platform is set up, make menuconfig order is run, selects this hard in Vendor/Product Selction option
Part platform.At this time, it also needs the configuration file generated at EDK being converted into the format that Linux can be identified.It is pressed from both sides in project file
Lower operation Linux-copy-autoconfig order is automatically performed format conversion, and copies configuration file to selected engineering
Under file.
3. adding self-defining device driving
The customized IP kernel of this system, therefore must develop driver and be added in Linux configuration.Addition is certainly
It is as follows to define device drives key step:
Sentence is added in Makefile file under platform configuration catalogue first:
Platobj- $ (CONFIG_ETLOGIX_DDC) +=ddc.o
With
$(obj)/ddc.o:.config,
Keep equipment initialization function ddc.c associated with kernel setup；
Then sentence is added in the Makefile file under catalogue where driver:
Obj- $ (CONFIG_ETLOGIX_DDC) +=ddc_adapter.o,
Keep device driver ddc_adapter.c associated with kernel setup；
The finally Kconfig file where modification device driver under catalogue, makes to can choose this when configuring kernel and sets
Standby driving, adds following sentence:
Shown option in config ETLOGIX_DDC//kernel setup catalogue
Bool " ETLogix DDC Driver " // config option is Boolean type, that is, has selection and do not select two states
Depends on MICROBLAZE//config option dependence
Pass through the modification of the above file, so that it may to select customized device drives when configuring linux kernel.
4. configuring linux kernel
The Scalability of linux kernel enables us to that kernel is easily passed through modification, cutting, Compiler to one
In embedded system.Graphical authoring tools make menuconfig order is run, kernel and system environments are configured.
In the device drives option of kernel setup, has to selection and the consistent hardware device of hardware configuration of system drives
It is dynamic, it will malfunction when otherwise kernel compiles.It is main to configure following items driving for the hardware configuration of this system:
[Block devices] block device selects Xilinx SystemACE support；
[Misc device] promiscuous device selects FSL FIFO driver, subsequently into FSL Channel
Selection selects FIFO on FSL0；Device drives ETLogix DDC101Driver is added in selection certainly；[Network
Device support] network equipment selection Ethernet (1000Mbit) submenu in Xilinx 10/100/1000LL
TEMAC support；
[Character devices] character device selects the 8250/16550and in Serial drivers submenu
Compatible serial support and Console on 8250/16550and compatible serial port；
In file system option, default choice ext2, romfs and cramfs file system, alternative document system can be with
It voluntarily selects as needed.This system needs the SD card of carry DOS file system, therefore carries out following configuration:
[DOS/FAT/NT Filesystems] selects MSDOS fs support；
[Native Language Support] is selected Codepage 437 (United States, Canada)；Kernel
Other configurations in configuration can be saved after the completion of configuring and be exited according to the different flexible configurations of goal systems, automatically into
System environments configuration menu.
System environments configuration is configured to the attribute of Linux, order, mainly there is following option:
The setting of [System Settings] system: network address, default username, the default modification logging of system are configured
With the contents such as root file system used；
[Core Applications] kernel application: the common characteristic of main configuration kernel；
[Network Applications] network application: related command when Configuration network is applied；
[Miscellaneous Applications] mixes application: the order in configuration system kernel；
[BusyBox]: the order in configuration system kernel.
Linux has set compiling rule, therefore after the completion of configuration, successively executes order: make dep, make
Clean, make all establish file dependence, remove old file, compile kernel, generate kernel image.
2.5 modification Linux configuration files
The image file download that above-mentioned steps generate can normally be logged in into linux system into SoPC, if using work
Journey has particular/special requirement, can modify the file in generated file system.This system needs SoPC to power on rear automatic login system, and
Therefore the application program of operation exploitation is configured as follows: modification inittab file, by ttyS0:vt100: latter modification
For/bin/sh, in this way when kernel starts, there is no need to the username and passwords of input system to directly initiate shell；Automatic fortune
Row application program: modification rc file adds the order of application program herein, will run the order after Linux starting.Modification
Afterwards, also need to remove agetty option in customize Vendor/User Setting under Core Applications and
Init option, otherwise, when recompilating kernel by the content of covering modification.After having modified configuration file, to recompilate interior
Modification is written in the file system of Linux in core.
Linux kernel image file by compiling mainly has: image.bin, image.elf, image.ub.According to
The difference of image file is selected, there are four types of start scheme by Linux: XMD downloading starting, TFTP network downloading starting, FLASH are opened
The starting of dynamic and SD card.Wherein, XMD and TFTP network downloads starting scheme, must all re-download after each system electrification, fits
For system debug；FLASH starting scheme reads configuration file, but FLASH programming speed from FLASH automatically upon power-up of the system
Degree is slower, and change system configuration is more inconvenient；Therefore, this system selects SD card to start scheme.
Start Linux using SD card, is that hardware bit stream file and image.elf are fabricated to ACE file, copies to SD
In card, configuration SD card starts Linux.ACE file is made, runs and orders in EDK Shell window:
Xmd-tcl genace.tcl (command tools)
- jprog-board ml402 (required development board)
- hw implementation/download.bit (the bitstream file of generation)
- elf image.elf (the executable net meter file that compiling linux kernel generates)
- ace system.ace (the ACE file that need to be generated)
After success, the ACE file for being suitable for ML-402 development board is just generated.
Linux, which is run, needs the support of root file system, it is the basic place of linux system, and when starting must load
To support the operation of system.And do not include file system in image.elf, it therefore, must manual loading when being started using SD card
File system.When compiling linux kernel, generated using romfs file as the file system of title, thus only need by
SD card subregion and formatting, then this file system of carry, steps are as follows:
(1) SD card being mounted in linux system, SD card is divided into 3 areas by operation order fdisk/dev/sda, and first
Subregion stores system.ace file；Second subregion is the exchange partition Linux Swap, and third subregion stores root file system.
(2) it is ext2 file system, operation order: mke2fs/dev/sda3 that third subregion is formatted under Linux；/
Order is inputted under etc/fstab :/dev/sda3/mnt/rootfs auto defaults, user, noauto 00 is (equipment
Sda3 hangs over/mnt/rootfs file under, file system is the ext2 of default, ordinary user, can carry, not dump do not opening
File system is scanned when dynamic)；The carry catalogue: mount/mnt/rootfs can thus copy root file system rootfs
On shellfish to the subregion of SD card.
(3) it is FAT32 file system that the first subregion is formatted under Windows, and system.ace is copied to this subregion.
(4) it is exchange partition, operation order: mkswap/dev/sda2 that the second subregion is formatted under Linux.
After ready, it is inserted into SD card, opens power supply, so that it may to start Linux from SD card.
A kind of built-in Linux operating system for soft-core processor is described herein, and is discussed in detail its kernel
Configuration and starting scheme.By transplanting Linux, the SoPC developed herein is used directly for Practical Project；The embedded operation
The transplanting of system is quick, simple, and since it is based on linux kernel, to ensure that the stability of system.Therefore, In
There is great significance and good application prospect under the increasingly complicated background of SoPC application.
It should be understood that above-described embodiment is merely illustrative, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, are not taking off
In the case where from spirit and scope of the invention, various improvement and modification can be made to the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of transplanting embedded system and the method started in SD card, comprising the following steps:
1) cross compilation environment is established
Using the method for cross compile, kernel and application program are compiled on host, generating target machine processor can
The binary digit stream file of execution runs this file download to target machine；Cross-compiler is established for soft core microprocessor,
Source./settings.sh script is run, establishes cross compilation environment automatically；
2) hardware platform is established
A file is established for each application project, the hardware configuration of the engineering is saved, selects corresponding hardware platform, kernel
It just can read the configuration file under project file folder, establish hardware platform using Linux-newplatform order, run
Make menuconfig order selects the hardware platform in Vendor/Product Selction option, will give birth at EDK
At configuration file be converted into the format that Linux can identify, run Linux-copy-autoconfig under project file folder
Order is automatically performed format conversion, and copies under configuration file to selected project file folder；
3) addition self-defining device driving
Customized IP core is added in Linux configuration, is had main steps that:
Make equipment initialization function ddc.c associated with kernel setup first；
Then make device driver ddc_adapter.c associated with kernel setup；
The finally Kconfig file under catalogue where modification device driver makes to can choose the equipment drive when configuring kernel
It is dynamic, thus customized device drives are selected when configuring linux kernel；
4) linux kernel is configured
Graphical authoring tools make menuconfig order is run, kernel and system environments are configured；
In the device drives option of kernel setup, the consistent hardware device drivers of hardware configuration of selection and system are specifically matched
Set following items:
The selection of Block devices block device；
The selection of Misc device promiscuous device；
The selection of the Network device support network equipment；
The selection of Character devices character device；
The SD card of carry DOS file system, automatic log-on environment configurations, including following items:
The setting of System Settings system；
Core Applications kernel application；
Network Applications network application；
Miscellaneous Applications mixes application；
BusyBox configures the order in system kernel；
Successively execute order: make dep, make clean, make all establishes file dependence, removes ancient deed, compiles
Kernel is translated, kernel image is generated；
5) Linux configuration file is modified
The image file download that above-mentioned steps are generated normally logs in linux system into SoPC, modifies inittab file,
Directly initiate shell；Automatic running application program: modification rc file adds the order of application program herein, and operation should after starting
Order；Remove the agetty option and init in customize Vendor/User Setting under Core Applications
Option recompilates kernel, in the file system for making modification write-in Linux；
6) start Linux using SD card
Hardware bit stream file and image.elf are fabricated to ACE file, copied in SD card, configuration SD card starts Linux,
By SD card subregion and formatting, then this file system of carry, steps are as follows:
(1) SD card is mounted in linux system, SD card is divided into 3 areas, the first subregion by operation order fdisk/dev/sda
Store system.ace file；Second subregion is the exchange partition Linux Swap, and third subregion stores root file system；
(2) it is ext2 file system, operation order: mke2fs/dev/sda3 that third subregion is formatted under Linux；In/etc/
Order :/dev/sda3/mnt/rootfs auto defaults, user, noauto 00 is inputted under fstab；The carry mesh
Record: mount/mnt/rootfs copies root file system rootfs on the subregion of SD card to；
(3) it is FAT32 file system that the first subregion is formatted under Windows, and system.ace is copied to this subregion；
(4) it is exchange partition, operation order: mkswap/dev/sda2 that the second subregion is formatted under Linux；
(5) after ready, it is inserted into SD card, opens power supply, starts Linux from SD card.
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| CN106502961A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-15 | 合肥润客软件科技有限公司 | A kind of operational approach for dsp software development system |
| CN107729091A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-02-23 | 天津光电通信技术有限公司 | Embedded system platform and linux kernel associated documents generation method based on Zynq |
| CN115238621B (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-01-20 | 深圳市国电科技通信有限公司 | Migration method, migration apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium |
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| US20020083427A1 (en) * | 2000-12-26 | 2002-06-27 | Chen-Pang Li | Embedded system capable of rapidly updating software and method for rapidly updating software of embedded system |
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