CN106321093A - Method and device for testing rock mass strength through technology of monitoring during drilling - Google Patents
Method and device for testing rock mass strength through technology of monitoring during drilling Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/003—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by analysing drilling variables or conditions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种利用随钻监测技术测试岩体强度的方法与装置，该方法包括：1.在牙轮钻机上安装各种测量设备；2.调平牙轮钻机；3.在实验场开展钻进实验，获得不同岩性下钻杆各参数之间的对应关系；4.开展室内岩石力学实验获得不同深度处岩体的强度参数；5.建立岩体强度参数与钻杆之间的函数关系；6.根根强度参数，得到可根据钻机工作参数计算施钻位置岩体强度的计算公式；7.在测试区开展随钻测试，利用上述计算公式快速获取不同钻进深度下的岩体强度参数。本发明通过研究钻杆轴压、钻杆扭矩、转速、钻进速度和岩体强度的定量关系，可以实现在钻进过程中快速准确的获取岩体强度的目的。与传统方法相比，此方法简单易行。
The invention provides a method and device for testing the strength of rock mass by using the monitoring-while-drilling technology. The method includes: 1. Installing various measuring equipment on the roller cone drilling rig; Carry out drilling experiments to obtain the corresponding relationship between the parameters of the drill pipe under different lithologies; 4. Conduct indoor rock mechanics experiments to obtain the strength parameters of the rock mass at different depths; 5. Establish the relationship between the strength parameters of the rock mass and the drill pipe 6. The strength parameters of the root and root, and obtain the calculation formula that can calculate the rock mass strength at the drilling location according to the working parameters of the drilling rig; 7. Carry out the test while drilling in the test area, and use the above calculation formula to quickly obtain the rock mass strength at different drilling depths. body strength parameters. The invention can realize the purpose of obtaining the rock mass strength rapidly and accurately during the drilling process by studying the quantitative relationship between the axial pressure of the drill rod, the torque of the drill rod, the rotational speed, the drilling speed and the strength of the rock mass. Compared with traditional methods, this method is simple and easy.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于矿山开采和岩土力学技术领域，具体地涉及一种测试岩体强度参数的方法，以及使用该方法的装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of mining and rock and soil mechanics, and in particular relates to a method for testing rock mass strength parameters and a device using the method.
背景技术Background technique
岩体的力学性质与岩体的可钻性及可爆性密切相关，其既是进行爆破参数合理设计的依据，也是评价该类岩体后续机械破磨难易程度的主要指标。现有的测试岩体力学性质的方法一般包括钻孔取芯法、应力波法和电磁法等。The mechanical properties of the rock mass are closely related to the drillability and blastability of the rock mass. It is not only the basis for the rational design of blasting parameters, but also the main index to evaluate the difficulty of subsequent mechanical breaking of this type of rock mass. Existing methods for testing the mechanical properties of rock mass generally include drilling and coring methods, stress wave methods, and electromagnetic methods.
钻孔取芯法是通过钻孔获取岩样，再把岩样制作成试件，通过试验设备测试试件的力学性质。由于地层分布的复杂性，通过有限钻孔获取的岩芯，很难确切判断一定区域的岩体性质；此外，钻孔取芯法无法给出破碎带及厘米级软弱结构层的力学性质。更为主要的，此类方法需要经过取样、加工、测试等环节，无法做到测试分析的实时性，因此无法对爆破参数的优化设计提供快速指导。The drilling coring method is to obtain rock samples by drilling, and then make the rock samples into test pieces, and test the mechanical properties of the test pieces through test equipment. Due to the complexity of the stratum distribution, it is difficult to accurately judge the rock mass properties in a certain area through limited drilling cores; in addition, the drilling core method cannot give the mechanical properties of the broken zone and the centimeter-level weak structural layer. More importantly, such methods need to go through sampling, processing, testing, etc., and cannot achieve real-time testing and analysis, so they cannot provide quick guidance for the optimal design of blasting parameters.
应力波法是一种无损或微损的岩体力学参数测试方法，该方法主要利用炸药爆炸、高压气体突然释放等产生激振信号。上述振动信号以应力波的形式向岩体内部传播，被岩体内部及表面的振动传感器感知，通过分析各传感器所记录的应力波的到时、幅值、频率等要素，即可获得岩体的力学性质。此类方法虽能直接获得岩体的等效弹性模量等弹性参数，但无法给出岩体的强度参数。The stress wave method is a non-destructive or minimally destructive method for testing the mechanical parameters of rock mass. This method mainly uses the explosion of explosives and the sudden release of high-pressure gas to generate excitation signals. The above-mentioned vibration signals propagate to the interior of the rock mass in the form of stress waves, and are sensed by the vibration sensors inside and on the surface of the rock mass. By analyzing the arrival time, amplitude, frequency and other elements of the stress waves recorded by each sensor, the rock mass mechanical properties. Although such methods can directly obtain the elastic parameters such as the equivalent elastic modulus of the rock mass, they cannot give the strength parameters of the rock mass.
电磁法是根据岩体电磁学性质和电化学特性的差异，通过对人工或天然电场、电磁场或电化学场的监测和分析，间接反映岩体的性质。此类方法虽能通过电磁场的差异分辨出不同岩性的地层，但却无法给出不同地层的弹性模量、强度等力学参数。The electromagnetic method is based on the differences in the electromagnetic properties and electrochemical properties of the rock mass, and indirectly reflects the properties of the rock mass through the monitoring and analysis of artificial or natural electric fields, electromagnetic fields or electrochemical fields. Although such methods can distinguish strata of different lithologies through differences in electromagnetic fields, they cannot give mechanical parameters such as elastic modulus and strength of different strata.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是要提供一种测试岩体强度参数的方法，以及使用该方法的装置。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for testing rock mass strength parameters and a device using the method.
在本发明一个实施方式中，提供一种利用随钻监测技术测试岩体强度的方法，包括如下步骤：In one embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of method utilizing monitoring while drilling technology to test rock mass strength, comprise the steps:
步骤100，在牙轮钻机上安装钻杆进尺实时测量装置，钻杆轴压实时测量装置，钻杆扭矩实时测量装置及钻杆转速实时测量装置；Step 100, installing a real-time measurement device for drill pipe footage, a real-time measurement device for drill pipe axial pressure, a real-time measurement device for drill pipe torque, and a real-time measurement device for drill pipe speed on the roller cone drilling rig;
步骤200，选定钻孔位置，调平牙轮钻机，同时开启无线接收装置记录钻进过程中的各个参量；Step 200, selecting the drilling position, leveling the roller cone drilling machine, and simultaneously turning on the wireless receiving device to record various parameters during the drilling process;
步骤300，在实验场开展钻进实验，获得不同岩性下钻杆轴压、钻杆转速与进尺速度及钻杆扭矩的对应关系；Step 300, carry out drilling experiments in the experimental field, and obtain the corresponding relationship between the axial pressure of the drill pipe, the rotational speed of the drill pipe, the footage speed and the torque of the drill pipe under different lithologies;
步骤400，对钻孔附近一定范围内不同深度处的岩石进行取样，开展室内岩石力学实验，以获得不同深度处岩体的强度参数；Step 400, sampling rocks at different depths within a certain range near the borehole, and carrying out indoor rock mechanics experiments to obtain strength parameters of rock mass at different depths;
步骤500，借助理论分析，建立岩体强度参数与钻杆轴压、钻杆转速、进尺速度、钻杆扭矩之间的函数关系，该函数关系中包含钻头形状这一待定系数；Step 500, with the help of theoretical analysis, establish a functional relationship between the rock mass strength parameter and the axial pressure of the drill pipe, the rotational speed of the drill pipe, the footage speed, and the torque of the drill pipe, and the functional relationship includes the undetermined coefficient of the shape of the drill bit;
步骤600，根据步骤300获得的对应关系及步骤400获得的强度参数，求解步骤500中所述的待定系数，得到可根据钻机工作参数计算施钻位置岩体强度的计算公式；Step 600, according to the corresponding relationship obtained in step 300 and the strength parameter obtained in step 400, solve the undetermined coefficient described in step 500, and obtain a calculation formula that can calculate the strength of the rock mass at the drilling location according to the working parameters of the drilling rig;
步骤700，在测试区开展随钻测试，根据步骤600所获得的计算公式，即可快速获取不同钻进深度下的岩体强度参数。In step 700, the test while drilling is carried out in the test area, and according to the calculation formula obtained in step 600, the rock mass strength parameters at different drilling depths can be quickly obtained.
在本发明的一个实施方式中，所述钻杆进尺实时测量装置包括激光测距仪和数据无线发射装置。In one embodiment of the present invention, the real-time measurement device for drill pipe footage includes a laser range finder and a wireless data transmission device.
在本发明的一个实施方式中，所述钻杆轴压实时测量装置和所述钻杆扭矩实时测量装置分别包括应变片和网络式同步采集仪；所述钻杆转速实时测量装置为转速测量仪或转速探头。In one embodiment of the present invention, the real-time measuring device for the axial pressure of the drill pipe and the real-time measuring device for the torque of the drill pipe respectively include strain gauges and a network synchronous acquisition instrument; the real-time measuring device for the rotational speed of the drill pipe is a rotational speed measuring instrument or speed probe.
在本发明的一个实施方式中，所述步骤200中，钻孔位置通过GPS或卷尺进行定位。In one embodiment of the present invention, in the step 200, the drilling position is determined by GPS or a tape measure.
在本发明的一个实施方式中，所述步骤400中的室内实验为单轴压缩实验及三轴实验。In one embodiment of the present invention, the indoor experiments in step 400 are uniaxial compression experiments and triaxial experiments.
在本发明的一个实施方式中，所述步骤400中的岩体强度参数包括粘聚力、内摩擦角。In one embodiment of the present invention, the rock mass strength parameters in step 400 include cohesion and internal friction angle.
在本发明的一个实施方式中，所述步骤500中的理论分析步骤为：In one embodiment of the present invention, the theoretical analysis steps in the step 500 are:
步骤501，牙轮钻头单齿压入岩体中的应力状态采用半无限空间受法向集中力作用问题的布西内斯科解，引入Drucker-Prager塑性准则，建立压力、粘聚力、内摩擦角和单齿破岩体积之间的函数关系；In step 501, the stress state of the single tooth of the roller cone bit pressed into the rock mass adopts the Bucinesko solution of the semi-infinite space subject to the normal concentrated force, introduces the Drucker-Prager plasticity criterion, and establishes pressure, cohesion, and internal force. The functional relationship between the friction angle and the rock-breaking volume of a single tooth;
步骤502，根据钻杆转动一周单齿破岩体积的累积值，和通过进尺计算的破岩总体积相等的原则，先建立单齿破岩体积和牙轮钻宏观工作参数之间的关系，再进一步建立岩体强度和牙轮钻宏观工作参数之间的函数关系。Step 502, according to the principle that the cumulative value of the rock-breaking volume of the single-toothed rock for one revolution of the drill pipe is equal to the total rock-breaking volume calculated by the footage, first establish the relationship between the rock-breaking volume of the single-tooth and the macroscopic working parameters of the roller cone drill, and then Further establish the functional relationship between the rock mass strength and the macroscopic working parameters of the roller cone drill.
在本发明的一个实施方式中，在步骤600中，确定待定系数的方法为曲线拟合法和线性回归法。In one embodiment of the present invention, in step 600, the methods for determining the undetermined coefficients are curve fitting method and linear regression method.
在本发明的一个实施方式中，在步骤600中，所述的计算公式为将岩体强度表述为牙轮钻工作参数的函数，然后通过牙轮钻当前工作参数计算岩体强度。In one embodiment of the present invention, in step 600, the calculation formula expresses the rock mass strength as a function of the working parameters of the roller cone drill, and then calculates the rock mass strength according to the current working parameters of the roller cone drill.
在本发明的一个实施方式中，提供一种利用随钻监测技术测试岩体强度的装置，包括提供驱动动力的回转小车，和与所述回转小车连接以在岩土上钻孔的钻杆；在所述回转小车上安装有钻杆进尺实时测量装置，在所述钻杆上安装有钻杆轴压实时测量装置、钻杆扭矩实时测量装置和钻杆转速实时测量装置，以及接收各测量装置监测数据的无线接收装置。In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a device for testing rock mass strength using monitoring-while-drilling technology, including a rotary car that provides driving power, and a drill pipe connected to the rotary car to drill holes on rock and soil; A real-time measurement device for drill pipe footage is installed on the rotary trolley, a real-time measurement device for the axial pressure of the drill pipe, a real-time measurement device for the torque of the drill pipe, and a real-time measurement device for the rotational speed of the drill pipe are installed on the drill pipe, and each measurement device receives Wireless receiving device for monitoring data.
本发明利用不同性质的岩石在确定的钻杆轴压和转速下钻进过程中反馈的进尺速度及扭矩不同的特点，利用随钻监测技术对岩体的强度参数进行测试。通过研究钻杆轴压、钻杆扭矩、转速、钻进速度和岩体强度的定量关系，可以实现在钻进过程中快速准确的获取岩体强度的目的。与传统方法相比，此方法简单易行，且能实时给出当前钻进深度下岩体的粘聚力、内摩擦角等强度参数。The invention utilizes the characteristics of different feed rate and torque of different rocks in the drilling process under the determined axial pressure and rotational speed of the drill rod, and uses the monitoring-while-drilling technology to test the strength parameters of the rock mass. By studying the quantitative relationship between drill pipe axial pressure, drill pipe torque, rotational speed, drilling speed and rock mass strength, the purpose of quickly and accurately obtaining rock mass strength during drilling can be achieved. Compared with the traditional method, this method is simple and easy to implement, and can provide real-time strength parameters such as cohesion and internal friction angle of the rock mass at the current drilling depth.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的利用随钻监测技术测试岩体强度的方法的流程示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for testing rock mass strength utilizing monitoring-while-drilling technology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的利用随钻监测技术测试岩体强度的装置的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for testing rock mass strength using monitoring-while-drilling technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1所示，本发明一个实施方式的利用随钻监测技术测试岩体强度的方法，包括如下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, the method for utilizing monitoring-while-drilling technology to test rock mass strength in an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
步骤100，在牙轮钻机100上安装钻杆进尺实时测量装置30，钻杆轴压实时测量装置40，钻杆扭矩实时测量装置50，钻杆转速实时测量装置60；Step 100, installing the drill pipe footage real-time measurement device 30, the drill pipe axial pressure real-time measurement device 40, the drill pipe torque real-time measurement device 50, and the drill pipe speed real-time measurement device 60 on the roller cone drilling rig 100;
其中，钻杆进尺实时测量装置30包括激光测距仪31和数据无线发射设备32，该激光测距仪31和数据无线发射设备32，安装在牙轮钻机100的回转小车10上，安装时保证激光测距仪31和地面垂直。Wherein, the real-time measurement device 30 of the drill pipe footage includes a laser range finder 31 and a data wireless transmitting device 32, and the laser range finder 31 and the data wireless transmitting device 32 are installed on the rotary trolley 10 of the roller cone drilling rig 100, and the installation ensures that The laser range finder 31 is perpendicular to the ground.
钻杆轴压实时测量装置40包括应变片42和同步采集仪41，该应变片42贴在钻杆20上，并将同步采集仪41固定在钻杆20上，采用全桥接法将应变片42和同步采集仪41相连；具体的同步采集仪41采用北京东方振动和噪声技术研究所生产的INV3062T0型24位网络式同步采集仪。The real-time measurement device 40 for the axial pressure of the drill pipe includes a strain gauge 42 and a synchronous acquisition instrument 41. The strain gauge 42 is attached to the drill pipe 20, and the synchronous acquisition instrument 41 is fixed on the drill pipe 20. The strain gauge 42 is connected by the full bridge method. It is connected with the synchronous acquisition instrument 41; the specific synchronous acquisition instrument 41 adopts the INV3062T0 type 24-bit network synchronous acquisition instrument produced by Beijing Dongfang Vibration and Noise Technology Research Institute.
钻杆扭矩实时测量装置50包括应变片52和同步采集仪51，该应变片52贴在钻杆20上，并将同步采集仪51固定在钻杆20上，采用全桥接法将应变片52和同步采集仪51相连；具体的同步采集仪51采用北京东方振动和噪声技术研究所生产的INV3062T0型24位网络式同步采集仪。The drill pipe torque real-time measuring device 50 includes a strain gauge 52 and a synchronous acquisition instrument 51, the strain gauge 52 is attached to the drill pipe 20, and the synchronous acquisition instrument 51 is fixed on the drill pipe 20, and the strain gauge 52 and the synchronous acquisition instrument 51 are fixed by the full bridge method. The synchronous acquisition instrument 51 is connected; the specific synchronous acquisition instrument 51 is an INV3062T0 type 24-bit network synchronous acquisition instrument produced by Beijing Dongfang Vibration and Noise Technology Research Institute.
钻杆转速实时测量装置60可以是安装在钻杆上的转速测量仪或转速探头，并将其和同步采集仪41、51相连。The real-time measuring device 60 for the drill pipe rotational speed may be a rotational speed measuring instrument or a rotational speed probe installed on the drill pipe, and it is connected with the synchronous acquisition instruments 41 and 51 .
步骤200，选定钻孔位置，调平牙轮钻机，同时开启记录仪器记录钻进过程中的各个参量。In step 200, the drilling position is selected, the roller cone drilling machine is leveled, and the recording instrument is turned on at the same time to record various parameters during the drilling process.
钻孔位置的选择可以通过GPS或卷尺进行定位。在牙轮钻机100工作的同时，开启前述各测量装置，以获取牙轮钻机100工作过程中的各工作参数，通过开启无线接收装置70实时显示各工作参数。调平牙轮钻机100可以保证钻孔的垂直度。The choice of drilling location can be located by GPS or tape measure. While the roller drilling rig 100 is working, the aforementioned measuring devices are turned on to obtain the working parameters during the working process of the roller drilling rig 100 , and the working parameters are displayed in real time by turning on the wireless receiving device 70 . Leveling the roller cone drill 100 can ensure the verticality of the borehole.
步骤300，在实验场开展钻进实验，获得不同岩性下，钻杆轴压、钻杆转速与进尺速度及钻杆扭矩的对应关系；Step 300, carry out drilling experiments in the experimental field, and obtain the corresponding relationship between the axial pressure of the drill pipe, the rotational speed of the drill pipe, the footage speed and the torque of the drill pipe under different lithologies;
在本步骤中，首先通过改变钻杆轴压及钻杆转速这两个输入量，获得相同地层中进尺速度及钻杆扭矩的不同响应；而后固定钻杆轴压及钻杆转速，获得不同地层中进尺速度及钻杆扭矩的不同响应。In this step, firstly, by changing the two input values of drill pipe axial pressure and drill pipe speed, different responses of drilling speed and drill pipe torque in the same formation are obtained; Different responses to medium footage speed and drillpipe torque.
步骤400，对钻孔附近一定范围内不同深度处的岩石进行取样，开展室内岩石力学实验获得不同深度处岩体的强度参数。Step 400, sampling rocks at different depths within a certain range near the borehole, and conducting indoor rock mechanics experiments to obtain strength parameters of rock mass at different depths.
本步骤中的室内实验包括单轴压缩实验及三轴实验，本步骤中的强度参数包括粘聚力及内摩擦角。The indoor experiments in this step include uniaxial compression experiments and triaxial experiments, and the strength parameters in this step include cohesion and internal friction angle.
步骤500，借助理论分析，建立岩体强度参数与钻杆轴压、钻杆转速、进尺速度、钻杆扭矩之间的函数关系，该函数关系中包含钻头形状这一待定系数。Step 500, with the help of theoretical analysis, establish a functional relationship between the rock mass strength parameter and the axial pressure of the drill pipe, the rotational speed of the drill pipe, the footage speed, and the torque of the drill pipe, and the functional relationship includes the undetermined coefficient of the shape of the drill bit.
理论分析包含如下步骤：Theoretical analysis includes the following steps:
步骤501，牙轮钻头单齿压入岩体中的应力状态采用半无限空间受法向集中力作用问题的布西内斯科解，引入Drucker-Prager塑性准则，建立压力、粘聚力、内摩擦角和单齿破岩体积之间的函数关系；In step 501, the stress state of the single tooth of the roller cone bit pressed into the rock mass adopts the Bucinesko solution of the semi-infinite space subject to the normal concentrated force, introduces the Drucker-Prager plasticity criterion, and establishes pressure, cohesion, and internal force. The functional relationship between the friction angle and the rock-breaking volume of a single tooth;
步骤502，根据钻杆转动一周单齿破岩体积的累积值和通过进尺计算的破岩总体积相等的原则，先建立单齿破岩体积和牙轮钻宏观工作参数之间的关系，再进一步建立岩体强度和牙轮钻宏观工作参数之间的函数关系。Step 502, according to the principle that the cumulative value of the single-tooth rock-breaking volume of one rotation of the drill pipe is equal to the total rock-breaking volume calculated by footage, first establish the relationship between the single-tooth rock-breaking volume and the macroscopic working parameters of the roller cone drill, and then further Establish the functional relationship between the strength of rock mass and the macroscopic working parameters of the roller cone drill.
步骤600，根据步骤300获得的对应关系及步骤400获得的强度参数，求解步骤500中所述的待定系数，得到可根据钻机工作参数计算施钻位置岩体强度的计算公式。In step 600, according to the corresponding relationship obtained in step 300 and the strength parameters obtained in step 400, the undetermined coefficients described in step 500 are solved to obtain a calculation formula that can calculate the strength of the rock mass at the drilling location according to the working parameters of the drilling rig.
本步骤中，确定待定系数的方法为曲线拟合法和线性回归法。In this step, the methods for determining the undetermined coefficients are curve fitting method and linear regression method.
步骤700，在测试区开展随钻测试，根据步骤600所获得的计算公式，即可快速获取不同钻进深度下的岩体强度参数。In step 700, the test while drilling is carried out in the test area, and according to the calculation formula obtained in step 600, the rock mass strength parameters at different drilling depths can be quickly obtained.
本步骤中，所述的计算公式为将岩体强度表述为牙轮钻工作参数的函数，然后通过牙轮钻当前工作参数计算岩体强度。In this step, the calculation formula is to express the rock mass strength as a function of the working parameters of the roller cone drill, and then calculate the rock mass strength according to the current working parameters of the roller cone drill.
本发明利用不同性质的岩石在确定的钻杆轴压和转速下钻进过程中反馈的进尺速度不同的特点，利用随钻监测技术对岩体的强度参数进行测试。通过研究钻杆轴压、钻杆转速、钻杆扭矩、钻进速度和岩体强度的定量关系，可以实现在钻进过程中快速准确地获取岩体强度的目的。与传统方法相比，此方法简单易行，且能实时给出当前钻进深度下岩体的强度参数。The invention utilizes the characteristics of different feed rate of different rocks in the drilling process under the determined axial pressure and rotational speed of the drill pipe, and uses the monitoring-while-drilling technology to test the strength parameters of the rock mass. By studying the quantitative relationship between the axial pressure of the drill pipe, the rotational speed of the drill pipe, the torque of the drill pipe, the drilling speed and the strength of the rock mass, the purpose of quickly and accurately obtaining the strength of the rock mass during the drilling process can be achieved. Compared with the traditional method, this method is simple and easy, and can give the strength parameters of the rock mass at the current drilling depth in real time.
如图2所示，在本发明的一个实施方式中，提供一种利用随钻监测技术测试岩体强度的装置，其包括提供驱动动力的回转小车10，和与回转小车10连接以在岩土上钻孔的钻杆20；在回转小车10上安装有钻杆进尺实时测量装置30，在钻杆20上安装有钻杆轴压实时测量装置40、钻杆扭矩实时测量装置50和钻杆转速实时测量装置60，以及接收各测量装置监测数据的无线接收装置70。As shown in Figure 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, a device for testing rock mass strength using monitoring-while-drilling technology is provided, which includes a rotary trolley 10 that provides driving power, and is connected with the rotary trolley 10 for rock-soil Drill pipe 20 for upper drilling; a real-time measurement device 30 for drill pipe footage is installed on the rotary trolley 10, and a real-time measurement device 40 for the axial pressure of the drill pipe, a real-time measurement device 50 for the torque of the drill pipe and a rotational speed of the drill pipe are installed on the drill pipe 20 A real-time measuring device 60, and a wireless receiving device 70 for receiving monitoring data from each measuring device.
其中，钻杆进尺实时测量装置30包括激光测距仪31和数据无线发射设备32，该激光测距仪31和数据无线发射设备32，安装在牙轮钻机100的回转小车10上，安装时保证激光测距仪31和地面垂直。Wherein, the real-time measurement device 30 of the drill pipe footage includes a laser range finder 31 and a data wireless transmitting device 32, and the laser range finder 31 and the data wireless transmitting device 32 are installed on the rotary trolley 10 of the roller cone drilling rig 100, and the installation ensures that The laser range finder 31 is perpendicular to the ground.
钻杆轴压实时测量装置40包括应变片42和同步采集仪41，该应变片42贴在钻杆20上，并将同步采集仪41固定在钻杆20上，采用全桥接法将应变片42和同步采集仪41相连；具体的同步采集仪41采用北京东方振动和噪声技术研究所生产的INV3062T0型24位网络式同步采集仪。The real-time measurement device 40 for the axial pressure of the drill pipe includes a strain gauge 42 and a synchronous acquisition instrument 41. The strain gauge 42 is attached to the drill pipe 20, and the synchronous acquisition instrument 41 is fixed on the drill pipe 20. The strain gauge 42 is connected by the full bridge method. It is connected with the synchronous acquisition instrument 41; the specific synchronous acquisition instrument 41 adopts the INV3062T0 type 24-bit network synchronous acquisition instrument produced by Beijing Dongfang Vibration and Noise Technology Research Institute.
钻杆扭矩实时测量装置50包括应变片52和同步采集仪51，该应变片52贴在钻杆20上，并将同步采集仪51固定在钻杆20上，采用全桥接法将应变片52和同步采集仪51相连；具体的同步采集仪51采用北京东方振动和噪声技术研究所生产的INV3062T0型24位网络式同步采集仪。The drill pipe torque real-time measuring device 50 includes a strain gauge 52 and a synchronous acquisition instrument 51, the strain gauge 52 is attached to the drill pipe 20, and the synchronous acquisition instrument 51 is fixed on the drill pipe 20, and the strain gauge 52 and the synchronous acquisition instrument 51 are fixed by the full bridge method. The synchronous acquisition instrument 51 is connected; the specific synchronous acquisition instrument 51 is an INV3062T0 type 24-bit network synchronous acquisition instrument produced by Beijing Dongfang Vibration and Noise Technology Research Institute.
钻杆转速实时测量装置60可以是安装在钻杆上的转速测量仪或转速探头，并将其和同步采集仪41、51相连。The real-time measuring device 60 for the drill pipe rotational speed may be a rotational speed measuring instrument or a rotational speed probe installed on the drill pipe, and it is connected with the synchronous acquisition instruments 41 and 51 .
以下给出本发明的两个具体实施例。Two specific examples of the present invention are given below.
实施例1：Example 1:
利用随钻监测技术测试岩体强度，所选区域为爆破开采临空面后方平台，钻孔到临空面的距离为9m，该区域地层主要为灰岩，利用现场衡阳衡冶重型机械有限公司出产的YZ35D型牙轮钻机进行钻孔，当上一钻孔结束时，回转小车在底部，进行监测设备的安装。The strength of the rock mass was tested using the monitoring-while-drilling technology. The selected area was the platform behind the air-face in blasting mining. The distance from the drill hole to the air-face was 9m. The formation in this area was mainly limestone. The produced YZ35D roller cone drilling rig is drilling. When the previous drilling is completed, the rotary trolley is at the bottom to install the monitoring equipment.
将激光测距仪和无线发射装置安装在回转小车上，安装过程中要保证激光测距仪和地面的垂直度；在钻杆上粘贴测试钻杆轴压和扭矩的应变片，应变片采用全桥连接，并与北京东方振动和噪声技术研究所生产的INV3062T0型24位网络式同步采集仪相连，将采集仪固定在钻杆上，进行离线采样；在钻杆上做标记，采用秒表和人工计圈的方式记录转速。Install the laser range finder and wireless transmitter on the rotary trolley. During the installation process, ensure the verticality between the laser range finder and the ground; paste the strain gauge on the drill pipe to test the axial pressure and torque of the drill pipe. The strain gauge adopts full Bridge connection, and connected with the INV3062T0 24-bit network synchronous acquisition instrument produced by Beijing Dongfang Vibration and Noise Technology Research Institute. Record the rotational speed by counting laps.
设定不同的工作液压及工作转速进行钻孔，获得相应的进尺速度及扭矩。在钻孔附近进行取样，通过室内实验获得不同深度处岩体的粘聚力及内摩擦角。借助理论分析，牙轮钻单齿压入岩体中的应力状态可采用半无限空间受法向集中力作用问题的布西内斯科解，引入Drucker-Prager塑性准则，建立压力、粘聚力、内摩擦角和单齿破岩体积之间的函数关系，为V0＝(F/c)3/2。其中，V0为单齿破岩体积，F为压力，c为粘聚力。根据分析，内摩擦角对单齿破岩体积的影响较小，可忽略。Set different working hydraulic pressure and working speed for drilling, and obtain the corresponding footage speed and torque. Sampling was carried out near the borehole, and the cohesion and internal friction angle of the rock mass at different depths were obtained through laboratory experiments. With the help of theoretical analysis, the stress state of the single tooth of the roller cone drill pressed into the rock mass can be solved by using the Bucinesko solution of the semi-infinite space subject to the normal concentrated force, and the Drucker-Prager plasticity criterion is introduced to establish the pressure and cohesion , the internal friction angle and the single-tooth rock-breaking volume is V 0 =(F/c) 3/2 . Among them, V 0 is the rock breaking volume of a single tooth, F is the pressure, and c is the cohesion. According to the analysis, the internal friction angle The impact on the volume of single-tooth rock breaking is small and can be ignored.
根据钻杆转动一周单齿破岩体积的累积值和通过进尺计算的破岩总体积相等的原则可建立单齿破岩体积和牙轮钻宏观工作参数之间的关系为v＝KnTV0/R2，其中，K为和牙轮钻头形状有关的待定系数，R为钻孔半径，nT为转速。According to the principle that the cumulative value of the single-tooth rock-breaking volume of the drill pipe rotates once and the total rock-breaking volume calculated by the footage is equal, the relationship between the single-tooth rock-breaking volume and the macroscopic working parameters of the roller cone drill can be established as v=Kn T V 0 /R 2 , where K is an undetermined coefficient related to the shape of the roller cone bit, R is the drilling radius, and n T is the rotational speed.
进一步，建立岩体强度和牙轮钻钻杆轴压、转速、进尺速度、扭矩等工作参数之间的函数关系，而后通过室内实验获得钻测区域岩体的强度参数，进而计算出待定系数K，可以得到粘聚力的计算公式为c＝N(16.17nT/v)2/3。根据随钻监测获得的牙轮钻工作参数实时计算出所钻岩体的强度，钻进灰岩A时轴压为138.9kN，转速为1r/s，进尺速度为0.0042m/s，随钻监测获得的粘聚力为34.13MPa，室内实验测得的粘聚力为34.36MPa，表明测试具有较高的精度。Further, the functional relationship between the rock mass strength and the working parameters such as the axial pressure, rotational speed, footage speed, and torque of the roller cone drill is established, and then the strength parameters of the rock mass in the drilling area are obtained through indoor experiments, and then the undetermined coefficient K is calculated. , the calculation formula of cohesion can be obtained as c=N(16.17n T /v) 2/3 . The strength of the rock mass to be drilled is calculated in real time according to the working parameters of the roller cone drill obtained by monitoring while drilling. The cohesive force of the test is 34.13MPa, and the cohesive force measured in the indoor experiment is 34.36MPa, which shows that the test has high precision.
实施例2：Example 2:
利用随钻监测技术测试岩体强度，所选区域为爆破开采临空面后方平台，钻孔到临空面的距离为9m，该区域地层主要为铁矿石，利用现场衡阳衡冶重型机械有限公司出产的YZ35D型牙轮钻机进行钻孔，当上一钻孔结束时，回转小车在底部，进行监测设备的安装。The strength of the rock mass was tested using the monitoring-while-drilling technology. The selected area was the platform behind the air face of blasting mining. The distance from the drill hole to the air face was 9m. The stratum in this area was mainly iron ore. The YZ35D roller cone drilling rig produced by the company is drilling. When the previous drilling is completed, the rotary trolley is at the bottom to install the monitoring equipment.
将激光测距仪和无线发射装置安装在回转小车上，安装过程中要保证激光测距仪和地面的垂直度；在钻杆上粘贴测试钻杆轴压和扭矩的应变片，应变片采用全桥连接，并和北京东方振动和噪声技术研究所生产的INV3062T0型24位网络式同步采集仪相连，将采集仪固定在钻杆上，进行离线采样；在钻杆上做标记，采用秒表和人工计圈的方式记录转速。Install the laser range finder and wireless transmitter on the rotary trolley. During the installation process, ensure the verticality between the laser range finder and the ground; paste the strain gauge on the drill pipe to test the axial pressure and torque of the drill pipe. The strain gauge adopts full Bridge connection, and connected with the INV3062T0 24-bit network synchronous acquisition instrument produced by Beijing Dongfang Vibration and Noise Technology Research Institute. Record the rotational speed by counting laps.
设定不同的工作液压及工作转速进行钻孔，获得相应的进尺速度及扭矩。在钻孔附近进行取样，通过室内实验获得不同深度处岩体的粘聚力及内摩擦角。借助理论分析，牙轮钻单点压入岩体中的应力状态可采用半无限空间受法向集中力作用问题的布西内斯科解，引入Drucker-Prager塑性准则，建立压力、粘聚力、内摩擦角和单齿破岩体积之间的函数关系，为V0＝(F/c)3/2。其中，V0为单齿破岩体积，F为压力，c为粘聚力。根据分析，内摩擦角对单齿破岩体积的影响较小，可忽略。Set different working hydraulic pressure and working speed for drilling, and obtain the corresponding footage speed and torque. Sampling was carried out near the borehole, and the cohesion and internal friction angle of the rock mass at different depths were obtained through laboratory experiments. With the help of theoretical analysis, the stress state of the single-point compression of the roller cone drill into the rock mass can be solved by using the Bucinesko solution of the semi-infinite space subject to the normal concentrated force, and the Drucker-Prager plasticity criterion is introduced to establish the pressure and cohesion , the internal friction angle and the single-tooth rock-breaking volume is V 0 =(F/c) 3/2 . Among them, V 0 is the rock breaking volume of a single tooth, F is the pressure, and c is the cohesion. According to the analysis, the internal friction angle The impact on the volume of single-tooth rock breaking is small and can be ignored.
根据钻杆转动一周单齿破岩体积的累积值和通过进尺计算的破岩总体积相等的原则可建立单齿破岩体积和牙轮钻宏观工作参数之间的关系为v＝KnTV0/R2，其中，K为和牙轮钻头形状有关的待定系数，R为钻孔半径，nT为转速。According to the principle that the cumulative value of the single-tooth rock-breaking volume of the drill pipe rotates once and the total rock-breaking volume calculated by the footage is equal, the relationship between the single-tooth rock-breaking volume and the macroscopic working parameters of the roller cone drill can be established as v=Kn T V 0 /R 2 , where K is an undetermined coefficient related to the shape of the roller cone bit, R is the drilling radius, and n T is the rotational speed.
进一步，建立岩体强度和牙轮钻钻杆轴压、转速、进尺速度、扭矩等工作参数之间的函数关系，而后通过室内实验获得钻测区域岩体的强度参数，进而计算出待定系数K，可以得到粘聚力的计算公式为c＝N(16.17nT/v)2/3。根据随钻监测获得的牙轮钻工作参数实时计算出所钻铁矿的强度，钻进铁矿石时所用的轴压为138.9kN，转速为1r/s，进尺速度为0.0025m/s，根据随钻监测获得的粘聚力为48.23MPa，室内实验测得的粘聚力为50.36MPa，表明测试具有较高的精度。Further, the functional relationship between the rock mass strength and the working parameters such as the axial pressure, rotational speed, footage speed, and torque of the roller cone drill is established, and then the strength parameters of the rock mass in the drilling area are obtained through indoor experiments, and then the undetermined coefficient K is calculated. , the calculation formula of cohesion can be obtained as c=N(16.17n T /v) 2/3 . The strength of the drilled iron ore is calculated in real time according to the working parameters of the roller cone drill obtained from the monitoring while drilling. The cohesion obtained by drill monitoring is 48.23MPa, and the cohesion measured by indoor experiment is 50.36MPa, which shows that the test has high precision.
至此，本领域技术人员应认识到，虽然本文已详尽示出和描述了本发明的多个示例性实施例，但是，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下，仍可根据本发明公开的内容直接确定或推导出符合本发明原理的许多其他变型或修改。因此，本发明的范围应被理解和认定为覆盖了所有这些其他变型或修改。So far, those skilled in the art should appreciate that, although a number of exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the disclosed embodiments of the present invention can still be used. Many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the invention are directly identified or derived from the content. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be understood and deemed to cover all such other variations or modifications.
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