Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the defect of prior art, it is provided that process equipment, to solve prior art
In process equipment lack and cause workpiece with turnery processing function and Milling Process function to carry out surface thick
Rugosity adds man-hour requirement being dismounted for multiple times correspondence can carry out turnery processing, Milling Process, thus affects production effect
Rate the problem being difficult to ensure that surface roughness.
The present invention is achieved in that process equipment, including:
For the base of parts installation settings, described base is provided with X-direction and vertical with described X-direction
The Y direction intersected;
In order to make workpiece move module along the X-axis that described X-direction moves, described X-axis moves module and includes
The one X-axis work platforms being located on described base along the slip of described X-direction;
With the support installed for parts carry, described is set up on described base and is located at described X
Axle work platforms;
In order to make appointment object move module along the Y-axis that described Y direction moves, described Y-axis moves module
It is located at the Y-axis slide of the upper end of described support along the slip of described Y direction including one;
In order to the Z axis main spindle box that workpiece is processed, described Z axis main spindle box include a main spindle box body,
Main shaft and cutter, described main spindle box body along described base vertical direction slide be located on described Y-axis slide,
Described main shaft is located on described main spindle box body;Described cutter includes the surface of workpiece being carried out vertical carrousel
The first process tool cut and the second process tool that the surface of workpiece vertically can be rotated milling, institute
State the first process tool and described second process tool may be selectively installed on described main shaft;
In order to control the control system of component working, described control system move with described X-axis respectively module,
Described Y-axis moves module, the electrical connection of described Z axis main spindle box.
Specifically, described first process tool includes that turning handle of a knife, turning fix seat, turning insert mounting rod
And turning insert, described turning is fixed seat and is included upper end and the lower end being oppositely arranged with described upper end;Described car
Sharpener handle is located at described turning and fixes the upper end of seat, and described turning handle of a knife has and can be connected with described main shaft
Turning handle of a knife connecting portion;Described turning insert mounting rod is located at described turning and is fixed the lower end of seat;Described turning
Blade is located on described turning insert mounting rod.
Further, described turning insert is located on described turning insert mounting rod by a securing member.
Further, described securing member is hex(agonal)screw.
It is preferred that seat is fixed in described turning is provided with the first keeper, described main shaft is provided with can be with described
The second keeper that positioning piece coordinates, described first process tool is by described first keeper and described the
The cooperation of two keepers and position and be arranged on described main shaft.
Further, described first keeper is a locating dowel, and described second keeper is can be with described location
The hole, location that post grafting coordinates.
Specifically, described second process tool includes milling handle of a knife, milling-cutting cutter disc and at least one milling cutting insert,
Described milling-cutting cutter disc includes upper end and the lower end being oppositely arranged with described upper end;Described milling handle of a knife is located at described
The upper end of milling-cutting cutter disc, and described milling handle of a knife has the milling handle of a knife connecting portion can being connected with described main shaft;
At least one described milling cutting insert is located at the lower end of described milling-cutting cutter disc.
Specifically, described X-axis moves module and also includes driving described X-axis work platforms slip work
First linear electric motors and in order to measure the first metering device of the sliding distance of described X-axis work platforms, institute
State the first linear electric motors, described first metering device is all located on described X-axis work platforms, and described first
Linear electric motors, described first metering device all electrically connect with described control system.
Specifically, described Y-axis moves module and also includes driving the second of described Y-axis slide slip work
Linear electric motors and in order to measure the second metering device of the sliding distance of described Y-axis slide are described second straight
Line motor, described second metering device are all located on described Y-axis slide, and described second linear electric motors, institute
State the second metering device all to electrically connect with described control system.
Specifically, described Z axis main spindle box also includes driving the 3rd straight of described main spindle box body slip work
Line motor and in order to measure the 3rd metering device of the sliding distance of described main spindle box body, described 3rd straight line
Motor, described 3rd metering device are all located on described main spindle box body, and described 3rd linear electric motors, described
3rd metering device all electrically connects with described control system.
The technique effect of the process equipment of the present invention is: by setting of the first process tool and the second process tool
Put, when needs carry out turnery processing, as long as the first process tool is arranged on main shaft;And need
It is when carrying out Milling Process, as long as the second process tool is arranged on main shaft, whole simple to operation,
At same process equipment, workpiece can be carried out turnery processing, Milling Process, both avoid the need for dismounting workpiece
Trouble, is greatly improved production efficiency, and surface roughness processing workpiece being effectively ensured with this, also can reduce
Taking up room of workshop, reduces the production cost of enterprise.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and reality
Execute example, the present invention is further elaborated.Only should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein
Only in order to explain the present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
Refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, below the most preferred embodiment of the process equipment of the present invention is illustrated.
Include the process equipment 100 of the present embodiment base 10, X-axis move module 20, support 30, Y-axis
Mobile module 40, Z axis main spindle box 50, tool magazine 60 and control system (not indicating in figure), below to this
Each parts of the process equipment 100 of embodiment are further described:
Base 10 is for for parts installation settings, and wherein, the material of this base 10 is marble, and with existing
Base in technology uses gray iron material to compare, and the stress of this marble material base 10 is less, Er Qiere
The coefficient of expansion is relatively low, variations in temperature once occurs, and marble itself does not haves and the most significantly deforms;Separately
Outward, base 10 is provided with X-direction and the Y direction intersected vertically with X-direction;
It is that wherein, X-axis moves module 20 in order to make workpiece move along X-direction that X-axis moves module 20
Including the X-axis work platforms 21 being located on base 10 along X-direction slip, in order to drive X-axis work flat
Platform 21 slide work the first linear electric motors 22, in order to measure the sliding distance of X-axis work platforms 21
First metering device 23;Specifically, base 10 is provided with the first slide rail 211, and this first slide rail 211
For line slide rail parallel with X-direction, and the bottom of X-axis work platforms 21 is provided with and the first slide rail 211
The first chute being slidably matched, and by this first slide rail the 211, first chute, be conducive to making X-axis work
Platform 21 slides along the X-direction set;These first linear electric motors 22 are located on X-axis work platforms 21,
Specifically, these first linear electric motors 22 include first coil 221 and the first magnetic sheet 222, first coil 221
Move and be located on the first magnetic sheet 222, it will be appreciated that for, this first coil 221 is mover, and the first magnetic sheet
222 is stator;This first metering device 23 is located on X-axis work platforms 21, it is preferred that this first meter
Amount device 23 is one first grating scale, wherein, grating scale, also referred to as grating scale displacement transducer (grating
Chi sensor), it is the measurement feedback device utilizing the optical principle of grating to work;It addition, this first grating
Chi includes the first scale grating 231 and the first grating reading head 232, and this first grating reading head 232 is main
It is made up of light source, collecting lens, indication grating, photoelectric cell and guiding mechanism, and the first scale grating
231 are located in the fixed component near the first slide rail 211, and the first grating reading head 232 is located at X-axis work
Make on platform 21;
Support 30 is to install with for parts carry, and wherein, this support 30 is marble material, to avoid
Support 30 is heated and deformation occurs;This support 10 is bolted to be located on base 10 and is located at X
Axle work platforms 21, specifically, support 30 is mainly spaced by the first leg 31 and the first leg 31 and sets
The second leg 32 put and one end are connected to the first leg 31 and the other end is connected to the second leg 32
Crossbeam 33 form, the first leg 31 and the second leg 32 are divided into the both sides of X-axis work platforms 21,
And crossbeam 33 is positioned at the top of X-axis work platforms 21;
It is that wherein, Y-axis moves module in order to make appointment object move along Y direction that Y-axis moves module 40
40 include one along Y direction slide the upper end being located at support 30 Y-axis slide 41, in order to drive Y-axis sliding
Second linear electric motors 42 of seat 41 slip work and in order to measure the of the sliding distance of Y-axis slide 41
Two metering devices 43, specifically, the crossbeam 33 of support 30 is provided with the second slide rail 411, and this second cunning
Rail 411 is line slide rail parallel with Y direction, and the bottom of Y-axis slide 41 is provided with and the second slide rail
411 the second chutes being slidably matched, and by this second slide rail the 411, second chute, be conducive to making Y-axis
Slide 41 slides along the Y direction set;These second linear electric motors 42 are located on Y-axis slide 41, tool
Body ground, these second linear electric motors 42 include the second coil 421 and the second magnetic sheet 422, the second coil 421
Move and be located on the second magnetic sheet 422, it will be appreciated that for, this second coil 421 is mover, and the second magnetic sheet
422 is stator;Second metering device 43 is located on Y-axis slide 41, it is preferred that this second metering device
43 is one second grating scale, and specifically, this second grating scale includes the second scale grating 431 and the second light
Grid read head 432, this second grating reading head 432 is main by light source, collecting lens, indication grating, light
Electric device and guiding mechanism composition, and the second scale grating 431 is located at the fixed part near the second slide rail 411
On part, and the second grating reading head 432 is located on Y-axis slide 41;
Z axis main spindle box 50 is in order to be processed workpiece, and wherein, Z axis main spindle box 50 includes one
Main spindle box body 51, main shaft 52, cutter, the 3rd linear electric motors of work of sliding in order to drive shaft casing 51
54 and the 3rd metering device 55 of sliding distance in order to measuring spindle casing 51, main spindle box body 51 is the end of along
The vertical direction of seat 10 slides and is located on Y-axis slide 41, and this vertical direction is the Z axis side shown in Fig. 1
To, main shaft 52 can rotate around vertical direction line to be located on main spindle box body 51;It is preferred that main shaft 52 is gas
Floating main shaft, this air-floating main shaft (being also called air spindle) refers to gas (typically air, but also have
It is probably other gas) as the sliding bearing of lubricant.Air is less than oily viscosity, high temperature resistant, without dirty
Dye, thus can be used in high speed machines, instrument and radioactive device, but its load-bearing capacity is lower than oil;It addition,
Y-axis slide 41 is provided with the 3rd slide rail 511, and the 3rd slide rail 511 is line slide rail and longitudinal direction
Parallel, and the bottom of main spindle box body 51 is provided with the 3rd chute being slidably matched with the 3rd slide rail 511, and borrow
By the 3rd slide rail the 511, second chute, be conducive to making main spindle box body 51 slide along the longitudinal direction set;
3rd linear electric motors 54 are located on main spindle box body 51, and specifically, the 3rd linear electric motors 54 include
Three-winding 541 and the 3rd magnetic sheet 542, tertiary coil 541 moves to be located on the 3rd magnetic sheet 542, it will be appreciated that
For, this tertiary coil 541 is mover, and the 3rd magnetic sheet 542 is stator;3rd metering device 55 is located at
On main spindle box body 51, it is preferred that the 3rd metering device 55 is one the 3rd grating scale, specifically, this
Three grating scales include the 3rd scale grating 551 and the 3rd grating reading head 552, the 3rd grating reading head 552
Mainly it is made up of light source, collecting lens, indication grating, photoelectric cell and guiding mechanism, and the 3rd scale light
Grid 551 are located in the fixed component near the 3rd slide rail 511, and the 3rd grating reading head 552 is located at main shaft
On casing 51;Cutter include can the surface of workpiece vertically being rotated turning the first process tool 531,
And the surface of workpiece vertically can be rotated the second process tool 532 of milling, the first process tool 531
May be selectively installed on main shaft 52 with the second process tool 532;
Tool magazine 60 is that wherein, tool magazine 60 is located on the side of support 30 with for tool storage and replacing;
Control system is in order to control component working, and wherein, control system is mountable on base 10, also
Other position can be located at body structure form;This control system moves module 20 respectively with X-axis, Y-axis is moved
Dynamic model group 40, Z axis main spindle box 50, tool magazine 60 electrically connect;Specifically, this control system moves with X-axis
First linear electric motors the 22, first metering device 23 in module 20 electrically connects, meanwhile, and this control system
Second linear electric motors the 42, second metering device 43 moving module 40 with Y-axis electrically connects, this control system
System electrically connects with the 3rd linear electric motors the 54, the 3rd metering device 55 of Z axis main spindle box 50.
By the setting of first linear electric motors the 22, first metering device 23, in wanting X-axis work platforms 21
During slip, the first linear electric motors 22 can drive X-axis work platforms 21 to slide, and according to the first metering device
The slip information of X-axis work platformses 21 of 23 feedbacks and accurately drive X-axis work platforms 21 to required position
Put, be effectively ensured, with this, the accuracy that X-axis work platforms 21 slides;And by the second linear electric motors 42,
The setting of the second metering device 43, in time wanting Y-axis slide 41 to slide, the second linear electric motors 42 can drive
Y-axis slide 41 slides, and according to second metering device 43 feedback Y-axis slide 41 slip information and
Accurately drive Y-axis slide 41 to desired location, be effectively ensured, with this, the accuracy that Y-axis slide 41 slides;
And by the setting of the 3rd linear electric motors the 54, the 3rd metering device 55, slide in wanting Z axis main spindle box 50
Time, the 3rd linear electric motors 5 can drive Z axis main spindle box 50 to slide, and feeds back according to the 3rd metering device 55
The slip information of Z axis main spindle box 50 and accurately drive Z axis main spindle box 50 to desired location, effective with this
Ensure the accuracy that Z axis main spindle box 50 slides.So, it is opposite to when the main shaft 52 of Z axis main spindle box 50
When the workpiece of X-axis work platforms 21 is processed, just can obtain the preferable machining accuracy of workpiece, and simultaneously
Ensure the working (machining) efficiency of complete machine.
It addition, use the embodiment of linear motor direct drive to compare traditional screw driven embodiment
Maximum difference be to eliminate the machine driving link between (planker) from motor to workbench, lathe
The contraction in length of feeding driving-chain is zero, thus this kind of drive is otherwise known as " Zero-drive Chain ".And,
Just because of this " Zero-drive Chain " mode, bring the former screw drive type of drive performance that is beyond one's reach and refer to
Mark and advantage, particularly as follows:
1. high-speed response: owing to directly eliminating the mechanical transmissioning piece that some responsive time constants are bigger in system
(such as leading screw etc.), makes whole closed-loop control system dynamic response performance be greatly improved, and abnormal reaction is sensitive soon
Prompt.
2. precision is high: linear drive system eliminates the drive gap and mistake produced due to mechanical mechanisms such as leading screws
Difference, the tracking error brought because drive system is delayed when decreasing moving interpolation.Anti-by linear position detection
Feedback controls, and is i.e. greatly improved the positioning precision of lathe.
3. dynamic stiffness is high: due to " directly driving ", it is to avoid because of intermediate transmission when startup, speed change and commutation
The motion delay phenomenon that the elastic deformation of link, fretting wear and backlass cause, also improves it simultaneously
Transmission stiffness.
4. speed is fast, acceleration and deceleration process is short: due to the high-speed response of above-mentioned " Zero-drive Chain " so that it is add
Moderating process is greatly shortened.During to realize starting, moment reaches at a high speed, moment standard to stop again during high-speed cruising.
Can obtain higher acceleration, typically up to 2~10g (g=9.8m/s2), and ball-screw-transmission is
High acceleration typically only 0.1~0.5g.
5. haul distance is unrestricted: on guide rail by series connection linear motor, it is possible to indefinite extension its
Haul distance.
6. motion is dynamic quiet, noise is low: owing to eliminating the mechanical friction of the parts such as turn-screw, and guide rail
Can use again rolling guide or magnetic pad suspension guide (mechanical contact), during its motion, noise will be substantially reduced.
7. efficiency is high: owing to without intermediate transmission link, eliminating energy loss during mechanical friction, transmission is imitated
Rate is greatly improved.Use magnetic suspension structure between coil and permanent magnetic plate, compare traditional screw drive structure,
Between linear electric motors actuator contactless, without between steel ball or gear rigidity wear away, without between forward and reverse driving
Gap, noiselessness, without the mistake of location positioning, and one-time positioning completes, precision permanent stabilization, uses the longevity
Life height.
Have plenty of again, by the first process tool 531 and setting of the second process tool 532, when needs enter
During row turnery processing, as long as the first process tool 531 is arranged on main shaft 52;And need to carry out
During Milling Process, as long as the second process tool 532 is arranged on main shaft 52, whole simple to operate
Convenient, at same process equipment, workpiece can be carried out turnery processing, Milling Process, both avoid the need for dismounting
The trouble of workpiece, is greatly improved production efficiency, and the surface roughness of processing workpiece is effectively ensured with this, also
Taking up room of workshop can be reduced, reduce the production cost of enterprise.Further, since the processing of the present embodiment sets
Standby 100 is turning, milling Compound Machining, accordingly, can be conducive to being processed the curved surface of workpiece.
Referring to Fig. 5, the preferred implementation of the first process tool 531 in the present embodiment is that it includes
Turning handle of a knife 5311, turning fix seat 5312, turning insert mounting rod 5313 and turning insert 5314,
Turning is fixed seat 5312 and is included upper end and the lower end being oppositely arranged with upper end;Turning handle of a knife 5311 is located at turning
Fix the upper end of seat 5312, and turning handle of a knife 5311 has the turning handle of a knife can being connected with main shaft 52 and connects
Portion 53111;Turning insert mounting rod 5313 is located at turning and is fixed the lower end of seat 5312;Turning insert 5314
It is located on turning insert mounting rod 5313.Wherein, it is preferred that turning handle of a knife 5311 can use milling machine special
Handle of a knife change a social system, accordingly, except can effectively ensure that turning handle of a knife 5311 is arranged on main shaft 52, also
Processing cost can be advantageously reduced.
In order to ensure that turning insert 5314 rotates turning around vertical direction line, the vertical side of turning handle of a knife 5311
Overlap with the vertical direction centrage of turning insert mounting rod 5313 to centrage.
Refer to Fig. 5, it is preferred that in order to make turning insert 5314 be easily installed at turning insert mounting rod
On 5313, turning insert 5314 is located on turning insert mounting rod 5313 by a securing member 5315,
And further, turning insert mounting rod 5313 is provided with the location for turning insert 5314 location and installation
Groove.
It addition, in order to not only the coupling mechanism force of locking turning insert 5314 is effectively ensured but also be easy to draw materials, securing member
5315 is hex(agonal)screw.
Having plenty of, turning is fixed seat 5312 and is provided with the first keeper 5316, and main shaft 52 is provided with can again
The second keeper (not indicating in figure) coordinated with the first keeper 5316, the first process tool 531 leads to
Cross the first keeper 5316 to position be arranged on main shaft 52 with the second coordinating of keeper, thus, can be just
Rapidly and accurately the first process tool 531 is arranged on main shaft 52 in user.
And it is preferred that for the ease of processing, the first keeper 5316 is a locating dowel, the second location
Part is the hole, location that can coordinate with locating dowel grafting.
Wherein, owing to the cutting edge of turning insert 5314 is wider, it is preferred that less anterior angle can be used, very
To being negative rake or the cutting edge inclination close to zero degree.So, when using the first process tool 531 to carry out minute surface
Add man-hour, owing to the anterior angle of turning insert 5314 is less, and be in high-speed cutting state, accordingly, car
The cutting edge of paring blade 5314 defines scraping and extrusion effect to surface to be machined, makes surface of the work obtain
While good fineness, also create hardened layer, improve surface of the work hardness and use wearability.
The geometry of turning insert 5314 except having with the geometry of workpiece outside the Pass, also can depend on work
The physical characteristic of part material.When being copper, aluminum or nickel such as the material of workpiece, the anterior angle of turning insert 5314 is
0 °, relief angle is typically between 5 °~10 °, and corner radius commonly uses 0.5~5mm, if the rigidity of machine tool is high,
Bigger corner radius can be used, to reduce the surface roughness of workpiece, but, as less in used
During nose radius, in order to not make surface roughness deteriorate, the feeding of the first process tool 531 must be reduced accordingly
Amount.If the material of workpiece is silicon, germanium, CaF2Or during ZnS, the anterior angle of turning insert 5314 is typically-15
°~-45 ° between select.
The optimal anterior angle of turning insert 5314, in addition to depending on material itself, also can depend on lathe and clamping
The rigidity of system.As used natural Buddha's warrior attendant turning insert 5314, it has extreme hardness, extremely abrasive.And
And, the diamond bit life-span is 25 times of high-speed steel bit, and every diamond bit can reface 6~15
Secondary.
Referring to Fig. 6, the preferred implementation of the second process tool 532 in the present embodiment is that it includes
Milling handle of a knife 5321, milling-cutting cutter disc 5322 and at least one milling cutting insert 5323, milling-cutting cutter disc 5322 wraps
Include upper end and the lower end being oppositely arranged with upper end;Milling handle of a knife 5321 is located at the upper end of milling-cutting cutter disc 5322,
And milling handle of a knife 5321 has the milling handle of a knife connecting portion 53211 can being connected with main shaft 52;At least one milling
Paring blade 5323 is located at the lower end of milling-cutting cutter disc 5322, wherein, when milling cutting insert 5323 is one,
Can arbitrarily be disposed on milling-cutting cutter disc 5322, and when milling cutting insert 5323 is multiple, the plurality of
Milling cutting insert 5323 can be uniformly arranged on milling-cutting cutter disc 5322, so that multiple milling cutting insert 5323 cuts
Time stress balance, reduce its proportion of goods damageds, improve its service life.
It is preferred that the centrage weight of the vertical direction of the centrage of the vertical direction of milling handle of a knife and milling-cutting cutter disc
Close, to ensure cutting effect during milling cutting insert 5323 rotary cutting.
It addition, when using the second process tool 532 to carry out minute surface milling, cutting of the second process tool 532
Cut speed generally at about 30m/s.In order to be able to process perfect workpiece, main shaft 52 is necessary after tool changing
Carry out dynamic balancing, to reduce the ripple that surface of the work is caused by unbalance dynamic as far as possible.
If milling cutting insert 5323 is diamond material, its heat-conductive characteristic is preferable, and cutting output is little, one
As, it may not be necessary to milling cutting insert 5323 is used coolant.On the contrary, if using coolant, not only increase
Matting after processing, and, the coolant being mingled with iron filings often becomes the seed of trouble of blade chipping.
Further, when using the second process tool 532 that workpiece is carried out Milling Process, the appearance profile of workpiece
Must be more steady, otherwise, after processing, surface of the work is it is possible that problems such as uneven, size limits.
Referring to Fig. 1, the process equipment 100 of the present embodiment also includes can be with X-axis work platforms 21, Y-axis
Slide 41 and Z axis main spindle box 50 form the turntable 70 of five-axle linkage processing, and turntable 70 rotates and is located at
On X-axis workbench 21, wherein, utilize turntable 70, turntable 70 can be made to rotate around its horizontal direction line
40 ° to+120 °, thus, the converted products being placed on turntable 70 can be made with horizontal direction line for rotation
Turn centrage and rotate-40 ° to+120 °, and this horizontal direction line is defined as A direction of principal axis;Simultaneously, it is possible to
Utilize turntable 70, turntable 70 can be made around its longitudinal direction line rotating 360 degrees, thus, can make to put
Converted products on turntable 70 is with longitudinal direction line for rotation centerline rotating 360 degrees, and this is longitudinally
Line of direction is defined as W direction of principal axis, then, in conjunction with X, Y, Z axis, five-axle linkage processing just can be realized.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, its structure is not limited to the above-mentioned shape enumerated
Shape, all any amendment, equivalent and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, all should
Within being included in protection scope of the present invention.