CN105556619B - Method and armoured power cable for transporting alternating current - Google Patents
Method and armoured power cable for transporting alternating current Download PDFInfo
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- CN105556619B CN105556619B CN201380078092.9A CN201380078092A CN105556619B CN 105556619 B CN105556619 B CN 105556619B CN 201380078092 A CN201380078092 A CN 201380078092A CN 105556619 B CN105556619 B CN 105556619B
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- cable
- armouring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
- H01B7/26—Reduction of losses in sheaths or armouring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/02—Stranding-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/04—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B9/00—Power cables
- H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
- H01B9/025—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients composed of helicoidally wound wire-conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/14—Submarine cables
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of to be used for so that the method and armored cable that the maximum admissible Working conductors temperature T determined transports alternating current I to be lost by Integral cable, the Integral cable loss includes conductor losses and loss induced by armour.The cable (10) includes at least one core (12) and circumferentially (O) surrounds the armouring (16) of the core (12), and at least one described core (12) includes the electric conductor (12a) with sectional area S.Methods described includes：By making the armouring (16) be made up of the layer of multiple metal wires (16a), so that loss induced by armour is not higher than the 40% of Integral cable loss, the multiple metal wire (16a) has long tee section, the long tee section has major axis A ', the major axis A ' tangentially oriented relative to circumference (O)；In the electric conductor (12a) with sectional area S, the alternating current I is transported with the maximum admissible Working conductors temperature T, the size of the sectional area S is lost dependent on the Integral cable, and the Integral cable loss includes 40% loss induced by armour of not higher than Integral cable loss.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of method and armouring (armoured) power cable for being used to transport alternating current.
Armoured power cable is general to be used in the application for wherein facing mechanical stress.In armoured power cable, cable
Core or core (being typically three stranded cores in latter instance) are surrounded by least one metal level in the form of a line,
Appropriate flexibility is maintained for strengthening the construction of cable simultaneously.
When alternating current (AC) is conveyed into cable, the temperature of the electric conductor in cable is raised due to resistance loss, should
Phenomenon is referred to as Joule effect.
The electric current and electric conductor transported is typically determined size, so as to the maximum temperature ensured in electric conductor be maintained it is low
Threshold value (for example, less than 90 DEG C) is pre-fixed in ensure cable integrity.
International standard IEC 60287-1-1 (second edition 2006-12), which are provided, to be used for from admissible temperature rising, conductor electricity
The method of the tolerable rated current of the detail calculation cable of resistance, loss and thermal resistance rate.Especially, specified electricity in electrical cable
The calculating of stream may be used in the condition of the steady state operation under all alternating voltages.Term " stable state " is intended to mean that just enough
The progressive continuous constant current (100% load coefficient) for producing largest conductor temperature, ambient environmental conditions are assumed constant.For
The formula of the calculating of loss is also presented.
In IEC 60287-1-1, the tolerable rated current of AC cables is to compare environment from for may be allowed conductor temperature
Derived from temperature Ta is higher by Δ θ expression formula, wherein Δ θ=T-Ta, T is the conductor temperature when electric current I flows into conductor, and
And Ta is that cable is mounted or will be mounted wherein, includes the effect of any local heat source, but do not include what heat was therefrom produced
In the case of temperature increase in the adjacent domain of cable, the temperature of surrounding medium under normal condition.For example, conductor temperature T should
This keeps below about 90 DEG C.
For example, according to IEC 60287-1-1, wherein soil drying occur without bury AC cables or air in AC
In the case of cable, tolerable rated current can be exported from the expression formula of environment temperature is higher by for temperature：
Wherein：
I is the electric current (ampere) flowed in a conductor；
Δ θ is above the conductor temperature (Kelvin) of environment temperature；
R is the AC resistance (Ω/m) in the per unit length of the conductor of maximum operating temp；
WdIt is the dielectric loss (W/m) of the per unit length for the insulation around conductor；
T1It is the thermistor (K.m/W) in a per unit length between conductor and sheath；
T2It is the thermistor (K.m/W) of the per unit length of bed course between sheath and armouring；
T3It is the thermistor (K.m/W) of the per unit length of the external service of cable；
T4Be cable surface and between medium per unit length thermistor (K.m/W)；
N is the number of carrying conductor (have formed objects and deliver the conductor of same load) in cable；
λ1It is the ratio being lost with the total losses in all conductors in the cable in protective metal shell；
λ2It is the ratio being lost with the total losses in all conductors in the cable in armouring.
In the case of three core cables and steel wire armour, compare λ2Passed through following formula in IEC 60287-1-1
Provide：
Wherein：
RAIt is the AC resistance (Ω/m) in the armouring of maximum sheath temperature；
R is the AC resistance (Ω/m) in the unit length of the conductor of maximum operating temp；
dAIt is the average diameter (mm) of armouring；
C is the distance between axle and the cable center of conductor (mm)；
ω is the angular frequency of the electric current in conductor.
Applicant have observed that, generally, the reduction of loss mean the section of (one or more) conductor reduction and/or can
Allow the increase of rated current.
In the case of armouring AC cables, the contribution that Integral cable is lost loss induced by armour has been studied.
J.J.Bremnes et al. (" Power loss and inductance of steel armoured multi-
core cables:comparison of IEC values with“2,5D”FEA results and measurements”,
Cigr é, Paris, B1-116-2010) analyze loss induced by armour in three core cables.They state, for balance three-phase electricity
For stream, due to being twisted/twisting with the fingers stubborn counteracting, set armouring will be impermissible for any induced-current and be flowed in armoury wire.The situation
Any exception require that armoury wire and core have an identical pitch, wherein cable is very short, or all armourings
Line continuously contacts two adjacent lines.Author states this and many core loss induced by armour for being provided in IEC 60287-1-1
Armouring resistance R in formula formation sharp contrast, the formula of many core loss induced by armour provided in IEC 60287-1-1AIt is weight
The parameter wanted.Author states that for three core submarine cables, IEC formula distribute to 20-30% power consumptions
Gather steel armouring, and their 2.5D FEM models and the measurement of full size predict inappreciable electric power in armouring and damaged
Consumption.
G.Dell ' Anna et al. (" HV submarine cables for renewable offshore energy ",
Cigr é, Bologna, 0241-2011) state that AC magnetic fields cause the loss in armouring, and magnetic hysteresis and vortex are the entrance of generation
The reason for loss of armouring.Author is shown by measuring on 800mm2Copper conductor and 205mm overall diameter
The experimental result that the loss of the cable of 12.3m length is obtained.The measurement is for from 20A to 1600A, the electric current of scope is carried out.Figure
4 show in two kinds of conditions that lead sheath short circuit and armouring are present or are completely removed, the measured value of phase resistance.With lacking
The electric current of armouring, phase resistance (i.e. cable loss) is constant, and with the electric current that there is armouring, phase resistance increase.Author's sound
The numerical value of bright loss is important, especially for big conductor cable, but it is without as in IEC 60287-1-1 formula
That reports is so high.
Applicant have observed that the power consumption in Bremnes et al. statement armourings is inappreciable.However, they use
2.5D FEM models and use test electric current and 500 and 300mm with low-down 51A2Conductor 8.5km and
The cable of 12km length performs loss measurement.Applicant have observed that 51A test electric current is for conductor sizes transport
Inapparent, generally, standard current value is higher than 500A.
On the other hand, the loss of the entrance armouring of Dell ' Anna et al. statements generation is produced because of magnetic hysteresis and vortex,
Magnetic hysteresis and vortex increase with the electric current that armouring is present and their numerical value is important, especially for big conductor electricity
For cable, but it is high not as being reported in such as IEC60287-1-1 formula.
In view of the opposite teaching in prior art document, applicant further study the armour in armouring AC electrical cables
Dress loss.
During studying, applicant considers the cross sectional shape of armoury wire.As then by reference table 1 and Fig. 5 in specification
In show, applicant measured with essentially identical thickness DwAnd the loss in the different single line of cross sectional shape.Especially
Ground, by the single line generation with elongated (elongated) section loss by with the single of circular or square section
The loss of line is compared, and first is found to be higher than the latter.
However, when applicant measures the loss for the armouring being made up of the line with long tee section and by with circular or square
During loss (both armourings have essentially identical sectional area) for the armouring that the line of tee section is constituted, it has unexpectedly been found that first ratio
The latter is low.Especially, applicant have observed that when armoury wire has the long tee section that major axis is oriented relative to cable tangent to periphery
When, loss induced by armour is reduced.
Therefore, it has been found that by using including wherein armoury wire have major axis relative to cable tangent to periphery it is fixed
To long tee section armor armouring AC cables, loss induced by armour is reduced.This makes it possible in transmission electric current and/or cable
The performance of armouring AC cables is improved in terms of conductor cross sectional area S.Really, by by the current value of increase transmit into cable conductor and/
Or by using the cable conductor of the sectional area S values with reduction, in accordance with IEC 60287-1-1 for may be allowed rated current
It is required that being that possible (the AC resistance R of per unit length is proportional to ρ/S in above formula (1), and wherein ρ is conductor material resistance
Rate).
In the first aspect, present invention is accordingly directed to it is a kind of by power cable with by Integral cable be lost determine maximum can
Allow Working conductors temperature T transport alternating currents I method, the Integral cable loss includes conductor losses and loss induced by armour, institute
Stating power cable includes at least one core and the armouring circumferentially around the core, and at least one described core includes tool
There is sectional area S electric conductor, methods described includes：
By making the armouring be made up of the layer of multiple metal wires so that loss induced by armour is not higher than Integral cable loss
40%, the multiple metal wire has long tee section, and the long tee section has major axis A ', the major axis A ' relative to tangent to periphery
Ground is oriented；And
In the electric conductor with sectional area S, the alternating current I is transported with the maximum admissible Working conductors temperature T,
The size of the sectional area S is lost dependent on Integral cable, and the Integral cable loss includes not higher than Integral cable loss
40% loss induced by armour.
In second aspect, the present invention relates to a kind of power cable for being used to transport alternating current I, the power cable includes
At least one core, and circumferentially around the armouring of at least one core, at least one described core includes electric conductor,
Wherein each electric conductor has for operation cable that the maximum admissible work determined is lost by the Integral cable including loss induced by armour
Make the sectional area S that conductor temperature T transports the alternating current I and determines size, wherein：
The armouring includes multiple metal wires with long tee section, and the multiple metal wire is arranged to major axis A ' it is relative
Tangentially oriented in circumference (O), and
The sectional area S of electric conductor for transporting the alternating current I is not higher than Integral cable by estimation loss induced by armour and is lost
40% determine size.
In the present description and claims, term " core " is used to indicate that by least one insulating barrier and selectively
The electric conductor that at least one semiconductor layer is surrounded.Selectively, the core also includes metallic shield.
In the present description and claims, the instruction (such as, " axial ", " radial direction " and " tangential in all directions etc.
") it is that the longitudinal axis of reference cable is made.
Especially, " axial " is used to indicate that the direction of the longitudinal axis parallel to cable；" radial direction " is used to indicate that friendship
Pitch the longitudinal axis of cable and be placed on the direction in the plane with the axis oriented normal；And " tangential " be used to indicate that and " radial direction
" direction is vertical and is placed on the direction in the plane with the axis oriented normal of cable.
In the present description and claims, term " long tee section " is used to indicate that the horizontal stroke with the axis oriented normal of armoury wire
The shape in section, it is described to be shaped as rectangle, elongated in a dimension.
In the present description and claims, term " stranding (unilay) in the same direction " is used to indicate that cable floor (in the feelings
Be armouring in condition) line around cable winding (winding) and core it is stranded with identical direction, with identical or
Different pitches.
In the present description and claims, term " reverse stranding (contralay) " is used to indicate that cable floor (at this
Be armouring in situation) line there is opposite direction around the stranded of winding and the core of cable, with identical or different section
Away from.
In the present description and claims, term " maximum admissible Working conductors temperature " be used to indicate that in order to ensure
The integrality of cable and allow in the operation in limit conductor reach maximum temperature.Working conductors temperature depends on substantially
In Integral cable loss, including the conductor losses caused due to Joule effect and other additional dispersions.
Loss induced by armour is another important component of Integral cable loss.
In the present description and claims, term " tolerable rated current " is used to indicate that in order to ensure conductance body temperature
The maximum current that degree can be transported no more than the maximum admissible Working conductors temperature in limit in electric conductor.According to
Stranding condition, when the heat production rate in cable is equal to from the rate of heat dissipation on the surface of cable, reaches stable state.
In the present description and claims, term " ferromagnetism " indicate less than under given temperature have noticeably greater than 1
Relative permeability material (for example, steel).
In the present description and claims, " intersect pitch C " is used to indicate that the line of armouring completely to surround to term
Cable core one encloses the length of used cable.Intersect pitch C to provide by lower relation of plane：
Wherein A is core twisting pitch and B is armouring winding pitch.When core turn right (dextrorotation) twist together when, A
Positive, and when armoury wire turn right (dextrorotation) be wrapped in around cable when, B is positive.C value is always positive.As A and
When B value (in both modulus and symbol) is very similar, C value becomes very large.
According to the present invention, relative to essentially identical electric conductor sectional area S and the armouring for having non-elongate armoury wire
In terms of the transport alternating current increased for the cable of the gross area in section, or relative to the basic identical ac flow of transport
And the electric conductor sectional area S reduced for the cable of the gross area with the essentially identical armouring section for having non-elongate armoury wire
Aspect, the performance of power cable can be enhanced.The combination of both alternatives can also be studied.
In cable market, the section that cable is enclosed with especially transport ac electric, (one or more) electric conductor
Accumulate the S instructions related to maximum admissible Working conductors temperature and sell or sell.Relative to known cable, according to the present invention's
(one or more) that cable will be brought under essentially identical transport ac electric and maximum admissible Working conductors temperature conditions
The instruction of the sectional area of the reduction of electric conductor, or essentially identical (one or more) electric conductor sectional area and maximum admissible
The instruction of the transport ac electric of increase under Working conductors temperature conditions.
This is very favorable because its make it possible to cable it is more high-power and/or reduce electric conductor size and then
Reduce cable size, weight and cost.
By estimating that loss induced by armour is equal to or less than Integral cable is lost 40% so that flow into cable and sectional area S
Alternating current I is advantageously observed and required according to IEC standard 60287-1-1 tolerable rated current.
Loss induced by armour can be equal to or less than Integral cable is lost 20%.Pass through the armouring knot according to the teachings of the present invention
The appropriate selection of structure, loss induced by armour can be equal to or less than Integral cable is lost 10%, and can even be dropped to quantity
The 3% of Integral cable loss.
Pass through the appropriate selection of the sheathed structure according to the teachings of the present invention, loss induced by armour λ2’It can be substantially less than by the world
Those λ that standard IEC 60287-11 (second edition 2006-12) is calculated2.Especially, and advantageously, λ2’≤0.75λ2.It is preferred that
Ground, λ2’≤0.50λ2.It is highly preferred that λ2’≤0.25λ2.Even further preferably, λ2’≤0.10λ2。
It is used for according to the present invention there is provided a kind of with (as being lost and determined by the Integral cable including loss induced by armour) maximum
Power cables of the tolerable Working conductors temperature T in the armouring including at least one core and around at least one core
The method of middle transport alternating current, at least one described core includes the electric conductor with sectional area S again.By using with multiple
The layer construction cable armouring (the multiple metal wire has long tee section) of multiple metal wires, and by the way that metal wire is arranged as
Major axis is oriented relative to cable tangent to periphery, and loss induced by armour is reduced.The loss induced by armour so reduced allow increase with (such as by
What the Integral cable loss of the loss induced by armour including reduction was determined) maximum admissible Working conductors temperature T transport it is described
The value of alternating current, or allow reduce be used for (as by the Integral cable of the loss induced by armour including reduction be lost determination) as described in most
The sectional area S of each electric conductor of big tolerable Working conductors temperature T transport alternating currents value.The increase step and reduction are walked
Suddenly it can be performed simultaneously.
The present invention at least one in above-mentioned aspect can have at least one in following preferred characteristics.
Preferably, Sheathed metal wire has long tee section, and the long tee section has at least equal to 1.5, more preferably at least
The ratio between long axis length and minor axis length equal to 2.Advantageously, the ratio not higher than 5, because armouring is being wrapped in into cable
During the step of surrounding, there is the Sheathed metal wire with long tee section too long of major axis to be likely to result in manufacturing issue.
Advantageously, the long tee section of armoury wire has smooth edges.In addition, being preferably from manufacture viewpoint, with smooth
The armoury wire at edge avoids the risk that the following cable floor of infringement and peak electric field occur.
Preferably, the edge of armoury wire is smooth, with β × DwRadius of curvature, wherein DwIt is along long tee section
Short axle line thickness, and β is from 0.1 to 0.5, more preferably from 0.2 to 0.4.β value outside preferred scope is likely to result in
The increase of loss induced by armour.
The long tee section of armoury wire can have substantially rectangular shape.
Alternately, long tee section is shaped by annular section substantially.When the radius of cable is quite big, the shape is provided
Advantage in terms of sheathed structure stability.
In a further embodiment, it is provided with groove and prominent in two opposite end director's tee sections along major axis
Go out, to improve the form fit of adjacent lines.Chain groove/protrusion advantageously causes the feelings even in dynamic cable between online
Armouring is firm in condition.
Preferably, the long tee section of armoury wire has from about 1mm to about 7mm length, it is highly preferred that the length from 2mm to 5mm
Short axle.
Preferably, the long tee section of armoury wire have from 3mm to 20mm length, it is highly preferred that from 4mm to 10mm length length
Axle.
Preferably, cable of the invention includes stranded according to core twisted synthesizing cable (core stranding lay) and core
At least two cores that pitch (core stranding pitch) A is twisted together.
Preferably, the metal wire of armouring according to spiral armouring wind stranding (helical armour winding lay) and
Armouring winding pitch (armour winding pitch) B is wrapped in around at least two cores.
Advantageously, spiral armouring winding stranding has and core twisted synthesizing cable identical direction, and armouring winding pitch B
At least to differ 10% from 0.4A to 2.5A and with A.
Preferably, pitch B >=0.5A.It is highly preferred that pitch B >=0.6A.Preferably, pitch B≤2A.It is highly preferred that section
Away from B≤1.8A.
Advantageously, in terms of modulus, core twisting pitch A is from 1000 to 3000mm.Preferably, in terms of modulus, line
Core twisting pitch A is from 1500mm.Preferably, in terms of modulus, core twisting pitch A is not higher than 2600mm.
Preferably, pitch C >=A is intersected.It is highly preferred that C >=5A.Even further preferably, C >=10A.Suitably, C can be more
Up to 12A.
Suitably, when the cable of the present invention includes two or more cores, armouring surrounds all described cores
Together, as entirety.
The armature of cable of the present invention can include having multiple gold around (interior) layer with multiple metal wires
Belong to the outer layer of line.
The metal wire of armoured layer winds stranding according to outer layer and outer layer winding pitch B ' is suitably wrapped in around core.
Preferably, outer layer winding stranding is spiral helicine.
Preferably, outer layer winding stranding has the direction opposite relative to core twisted synthesizing cable (that is, outer layer is wound
Stranding relative to core twisted synthesizing cable and is reverse stranding relative to armouring winding stranding).The reverse stranding configuration of outer layer exists
The mechanical properties of cable are favourable.
Preferably, outer layer winds pitch B ' in terms of absolute value higher than armouring winding pitch B.It is highly preferred that outer layer is wound
Pitch B ' is higher than B at least the 10% of B in terms of absolute value.
Preferably, the metal wire of the outer layer of armouring has with the metal wire of layer radially inside it in shape and optional
Essentially identical section in terms of ground size.
The line of armouring can be made up of ferrimagnet.For example, they are by construction(al)steel, ferritic stainless steel or carbon steel
It is made.
Alternately, the line of armouring can be mixing ferromagnetism and nonferromagnetic.For example, in online layer, ferromagnetism line
It can replace with nonferromagnetic line.
Preferably, when the cable of the present invention includes two or more cores, each of which is single-phase core.
Advantageously, at least two core is multiphase core.
Generally, cable includes three cores.In AC systems, cable advantageously threephase cable.Threephase cable is advantageously
Including three single-phase cables.
AC cables can be low pressure, medium-pressure or high pressure cable (being respectively LV, MV, HV).Term low pressure is used to indicate that low
In 1kV voltage.Pressure is used to indicate that the voltage from 1 to 35kV in term.Term high pressure is used to indicate that the electricity higher than 35kV
Pressure.
AC cables can be land or under water.Overland cable can at least partly be buried or be positioned in tunnel
's.
By following to the detailed description of some exemplary embodiments of the invention only provided as non-limiting example,
The description that refer to the attached drawing is carried out, the feature and advantage for causing the present invention are understood, wherein：
Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates exemplary power cable according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2-4 diagrammatically illustrates three examples of the long tee section of the Sheathed metal wire in the cable that can be used for Fig. 1；
Fig. 5 diagrammatically illustrates symbol Dw, α and β meaning；
Fig. 6 schematic illustrations go out power cable according to an embodiment of the invention have respectively core twisting pitch A and
Armouring winding pitch B stranded core and winding armoury wire.
Fig. 1, which is diagrammatically illustrated, includes the exemplary armouring AC power cables 10 for submerged applications of three cores 12.
Each core includes the usual by copper, aluminium or both metal electrical conductor 12a being made of rod or twisted wire form.Conductor 12a
Sequentially surrounded by semiconductor internal layer and insulating barrier and semiconducting external layer, three layer (not shown) by polymeric material (for example,
Polyethylene), coated papers or paper/polypropylene sheet be made.In the case of (one or more) semiconductor layer, its material is equipped with
Conductive filler, such as carbon black.
Three cores 12 are spirally twisted together according to core twisting pitch A.The respective quilt of three cores 12
(for example, be made by lead) protective metal shell 13 is surrounded, and in embedded polymerization filling 11, polymerization filling 11 is again by band 15 and buffering
Layer 14 is surrounded.There is provided the armouring 16 of the layer including line 16a around cushion 14.Line 16a winds pitch B spiral shells according to armouring
It is wrapped in around cushion 14 to rotation.Armouring 16 is surrounded by protection sheath 17.
Each conductor 12a has sectional area S, wherein S=π (d/2)2, d is conductor diameter.
Line 16a is metal and preferably by ferrimagnet (such as, carbon steel, construction(al)steel, ferritic stainless steel)
It is made.
It is ferromagnetic relative to the situation of wherein all outer circumferences of armouring ferromagnetism line covering cable 10 in armouring 16
Property line 16a number is preferably reduced.
The number of armor center line can for example be calculated as filling the girth of cable and leave about 5% between adjacent lines
Linear diameter space line number.
In order to reduce the number of ferromagnetism line, armouring 16 can be preferably included with nonferromagnetic line (for example, plastics or not
Become rusty steel) alternate ferromagnetism line.
According to the present invention, line 16a has major axis relative to the long tee section that cable 10 is tangentially oriented.
Fig. 2-4 diagrammatically illustrates the armouring 16 being made up of the line 16a with different long tee sections suitable for the present invention
Three examples.The sectional area of three examples can be with different.The major axis A ' in line section is indicated, and short axle is referred to A "
Show.
For clarity, in these figures, only (one or more) core 12 of cable 10 is closed around circumference O
Line 16a is illustrated.
In the embodiment of fig. 2, line 16a long tee section has the substantially rectangular shape at smooth angle.
In the fig. 3 embodiment, the part for wherein there was only armouring 16 is illustrated, long tee section is along major axis A ' two
There is groove and protrusion, to improve adjacent lines 16a form fit at opposite end.
In the fig. 4 embodiment, long tee section is substantially the annular circumferential section for having smooth angle.
As shown in Figure 2, the major axis A of line 16a long tee section ' according to circumference O tangential direction TnOrientation.
During the development activities performed to study the loss induced by armour in AC electric power cables, applicant tests
AC three-phase electrical cables, the AC three-phase electrical cables have：Three lines twisted together according to 1442mm core pitch A
Core；500mm2Electric conductor sectional area S；800A AC electric currents in each conductor；50Hz frequency；18/30KV voltage between phases；
With 20.8*10-8The armoury wire of ohm*m electricalresistivityρ, and relative permeability|μr|=300, and
φ=60 °.
In the first research performed on the model based on the cable, applicant is calculated by using 3D models
With the loss generated in circular, the single straight armoury wire in square or rectangular section, the section has smooth edges, has
There are different sizes.
The result of calculating is shown in following table 1.There is the square of smooth edges and rectangular cross-sectional
In symbol Dw, β and α meaning schematically show in Figure 5.In the case of circular cross-section, DwIt is linear diameter.Line total losses
Indicate both resistance loss and magnetic hystersis loss.
Table 1
In the case of the single straight armoury wire of the cable longitudinal axis is basically parallel to, relative to the line with rectangular cross-sectional,
Armoury wire with circular or square section generally provides lower loss.In the single line with rectangular cross-sectional, damage
Consumption proportionally increases with major axis/minor axis than α.
In the further research performed on as above identical model, by using 3D models, applicant calculates
The loss induced by armour generated in the armor formed by the straight line with circular, square or rectangular section, the section has
Smooth edges and different sizes, the gross area in armouring section are essentially identical.
The result of calculating is shown in following table 2.
Table 2
In the case of being basically parallel to the cable longitudinal axis and having the armouring of multiple straight armoury wires, loss has with showing in table 1
The behavior that goes out behavior on the contrary.Really, in this test, the armouring with the line with rectangular cross-sectional has than with band
The much lower loss of the armouring of the line of circular or square section.Especially, by increasing major axis/minor axis than α, loss induced by armour drop
It is low.Applicant is also measured by with 1200.0mm2Sectional area metal tube constitute armouring in loss.The damage of the pipe
Consumption adds up 11.44W/m, hence it is evident that more than any other armouring configuration tested in table 2.
The formula (1) provided in view of more than by IEC 60287-1-1, the armouring caused due to the use of elongated section line
Loss reduces the tolerable rated current for making it possible to increase cable.The rising of tolerable rated current is brought in AC transportation systems
Two kinds improvement：Increase the electric current transported by power cable and/or the electric power electricity with the electric conductor sectional area S reduced is provided
Cable, increase/reduction be relative to wherein loss induced by armour be using armouring section the gross area it is essentially identical and with non-elongate cut
The line in face replaces what situation about calculating considered.
This is very favorable because its make it possible to cable it is more high-power and/or reduce electric conductor size and then
Reduce cable size, weight and cost.
Any theoretical purpose is not tied to, applicant believes that his discovery is (i.e. when armoury wire has major axis relative
When the long tee section that cable is tangentially oriented, loss induced by armour is substantially reduced) it is because caused by the following fact：With long tee section
The use of armoury wire make it possible to the volume of magnetic material relative to line and reduce the AC electricity faced by being transported by cable conductor
The line area in the magnetic field of generation is flowed, so as to reduce the vortex that sensing enters armoury wire.
It was observed that research is performed by considering straight armoury wire above, so as to independently of due to (for example, line winding)
Caused any other influence on loss induced by armour, influence of the research line section to loss induced by armour.
However, in cable 10, line 16a advantageously winds pitch B spiral windings according to armouring.
During the development activities performed to study the loss induced by armour in AC electrical cables by applicant, applicant is also
It was found that loss induced by armour depend on armouring wind pitch B with respect to core twisting pitch A strandings in the same direction or reverse stranding the fact and it is big
Amplitude variation.Especially, compared with wherein armouring winds situations of the pitch B with respect to the reverse strandings of core twisting pitch A, when armouring is twined
During stranding in the same direction with respect to core twisting pitch A around pitch B, loss induced by armour is substantially reduced.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to further reduce loss induced by armour, therefore spiral armouring winding stranding has
Have with core twisted synthesizing cable identical direction, as shown in Fig. 6 illustratively.
Advantageously, armouring winding pitch B is higher than 0.4A.Preferably, B >=0.5A.It is highly preferred that B >=0.6A.Advantageously,
Armouring winding pitch B is less than 2.5A.It is highly preferred that armouring winding pitch B is less than 2A.Even further preferably, armouring winding pitch B
Less than 1.8A.
Advantageously, armouring winding pitch B is different from core twisting pitch A (B ≠ A).This difference is at least equal to pitch A's
10%.Although seeming favourable in terms of loss induced by armour reduction, the configuration with B=A will be unfavorable in terms of mechanical strength
's.
Advantageously, in terms of modulus, core twisting pitch A is from 1000 to 3000mm.More advantageously, in terms of modulus,
Core twisting pitch A is from 1500mm to 2600mm.Low A values are economically disadvantageous, because for given cable length
Higher conductor length is required.On the other hand, high A values are unfavorable in terms of cable flexibility.
Advantageously, in terms of modulus, intersect pitch C and be preferably higher than core twisting pitch A.It is highly preferred that in modulus side
Face, C >=3A.Even further preferably, in terms of modulus, C >=10A.
Be not tied to any theoretical purpose, applicant believes that this be further discovered that (i.e. when B relative to A in the same direction into
During cable, loss induced by armour is substantially reduced) it is because caused by the following fact：When A and B have identical symbol (equidirectional) also,
Especially, when A and B are equal to each other or are closely similar, core is parallel relative to each other or almost parallel with armoury wire.
This means the magnetic field of the AC electric currents generation of the transport of the conductor in by core perpendicular to or be approximately perpendicular to armoury wire.This causes
Sensing enter the vortex of armoury wire parallel to or be nearly parallel to the armoury wire longitudinal axis.
On the other hand, when A and B have opposite symbol (reverse stranding), core and armoury wire are mutually perpendicular to or almost
Vertically.This means the magnetic field of the AC electric currents generation of the transport of the conductor in by core parallel to or be nearly parallel to armoury wire.
This causes sensing to enter the vortex of armoury wire relative to armoury wire axis oriented normal or almost vertical.
Observe, saved it is found by the applicant that being wound by using the armouring of relative core twisting pitch A strandings in the same direction more than
Away from B, with 0.4A≤B≤2.5A, the loss induced by armour further reduced in AC cables is possible.Especially, human hair is applied for
Pitch B is now wound by using the armouring of relative core twisting pitch A strandings in the same direction, with 0.4A≤B≤2.5A, in armouring
Loss and electric power cable in total losses in all conductors ratio λ2’IEC standard 60287- such as in accordance with the above
The value λ that 1-1 formula (2) is calculated2Small is more.
The stranding in the same direction of the formula (1) provided in view of more than by IEC 60287-1-1, armoury wire and core, which is configured, to be caused
The tolerable rated current of cable can be increased.As stated above, the rising that may be allowed rated current brings AC transports system
Two kinds of improvement in system：The cable of electric current and/or offer with the sectional area S reduced by electric cable transporting, increase/reduction are provided
It relative to wherein loss induced by armour is that formula (2) in accordance with the above replaces situation about calculating to consider to be.
Even if it is noted that having been described in the specification and drawings more than includes the electricity of the armouring with single line layer
Cable, the present invention, which is also applied to wherein armouring, includes multiple layers radial stacking of cable.
In this cable, multilayer armouring preferably includes the line with armouring winding stranding and armouring winding pitch B
(interior) layer, and around the outer layer that stranding and outer layer winding pitch B ' line are wound with outer layer of (interior) layer.
Spy on (interior) layer, armouring winding stranding, armouring winding pitch B, core twisted synthesizing cable and core twisting pitch A
Levy, using the identical consideration carried out above with reference to the armouring with single line layer.
Especially, the line of (interior) layer has major axis relative to the long tee section that cable 10 is tangentially oriented.In addition, (interior) layer
Armouring wind stranding preferably with respect to core twisted synthesizing cable stranding in the same direction.
On outer layer, outer layer winds stranding relative to core twisted synthesizing cable (and winding stranding relative to armouring) preferably
Reverse stranding.This advantageously improves the mechanical performance of cable.
As explained in detail above, when the armouring of (interior) layer of line winds stranding relative to core twisted synthesizing cable stranding in the same direction
When, the loss in armouring and (such as being given birth to by the AC electric currents transported by cable conductor outside (interior) layer of the armouring shielded by internal layer
Into) magnetic field is substantially reduced.By this way, used in relative to the configuration of the reverse stranding of core twisted synthesizing cable,
The magnetic field of reduction is also undergone around the outer layer of (interior) layer, and generates lower loss induced by armour.
Cable for including multilayer armouring, using above with reference to than λ2’(own in the loss and electrical cable in armouring
The ratio of total losses in conductor) the identical consideration that carries out, the wherein loss in armouring is calculated as the damage in (interior) layer and outer layer
Consumption.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of transport exchange by power cable (10) so that the maximum admissible Working conductors temperature T determined to be lost by Integral cable
Electric I method, the Integral cable loss includes conductor losses and loss induced by armour, and the power cable (10) includes at least one
Core (12) and circumferentially (O) surround the armouring (16) of the core (12), and at least one described core (12) includes having
Sectional area S electric conductor (12a), methods described includes：
By making the armouring (16) be made up of the layer of multiple metal wires (16a) so that loss induced by armour is not higher than Integral cable damage
The 40% of consumption, the multiple metal wire (16a) has long tee section, and the long tee section has major axis A ', the major axis A ' it is relative
Tangentially oriented in circumference (O), wherein at least a portion metal wire in the multiple metal wire (16a) is by ferrimagnet system
Into；And
In the electric conductor (12a) with sectional area S, the alternating current is transported with the maximum admissible Working conductors temperature T
I, the sectional area S size are lost dependent on the Integral cable, and the Integral cable loss includes not higher than Integral cable
40% loss induced by armour of loss.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the long tee section of the multiple metal wire (16a) of the armouring (16)
Making major axis A ' ratio between length and short axle A " length is at least equal to 1.5.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the long tee section of the multiple metal wire (16a) of the armouring (16)
Making major axis A ' ratio between length and short axle A " length is not higher than 5.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the long tee section of the multiple metal wire (16a) of the armouring (16)
With smooth edges.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the loss induced by armour is caught to be equal to or less than Integral cable damage
The 20% of consumption.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the long tee section of the multiple metal wire (16a) of the armouring (16)
Short axle A " with the length from 1mm to 7mm.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the long tee section of the multiple metal wire (16a) of the armouring (16)
Major axis A with the length from 3mm to 20mm '.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the power cable (10) includes more than one core (12), and make
Obtaining the step of loss induced by armour is not higher than the 40% of the Integral cable loss includes：
Core (12) is twisted together according to core twisted synthesizing cable and core twisting pitch A, and
Stranding and armouring winding pitch B are wound according to spiral armouring the multiple metal wire (16a) is wrapped in core (12) week
Enclose, wherein the spiral armouring winding stranding have with the core twisted synthesizing cable identical direction, and the armouring wind
Pitch B is at least to differ 10% from 0.4A to 2.5A, and with A.
9. a kind of power cable (10) for being used to transport alternating current I, including at least one core (12), and circumferentially (O) encloses
Around the armouring (16) of at least one core (12), at least one described core (12) includes electric conductor (12a), wherein each
Electric conductor (12a) has to be worked for operation cable so that identified maximum admissible is lost by the Integral cable including loss induced by armour
Conductor temperature T transports the alternating current I and determines the sectional area S of size, wherein：
The armouring (16) includes multiple metal wires (16a) with long tee section, and the multiple metal wire (16a) is arranged to
Major axis A ' tangentially oriented relative to circumference (O), wherein at least a portion metal wire in the multiple metal wire (16a) is by iron
Magnetic material is made, and
For transport the alternating current I electric conductor (12a) sectional area S by estimation loss induced by armour be not higher than the Integral cable
Loss 40% and determine size.
10. power cable (10) according to claim 9, wherein the long tee section of the multiple metal wire (16a) makes length
Ratio between axle A ' length and short axle A " length is at least equal to 1.5.
11. power cable (10) according to claim 9, wherein the long tee section of the multiple metal wire (16a) makes length
Ratio between axle A ' length and short axle A " length is not higher than 5.
12. power cable (10) according to claim 9, wherein the long tee section of the multiple metal wire (16a) has
Smooth edges.
13. power cable (10) according to claim 9, wherein the long tee section of the multiple metal wire (16a) has
The short axle A " of length from 1mm to 7mm.
14. power cable (10) according to claim 9, wherein the long tee section of the multiple metal wire (16a) has
The major axis A of length from 3mm to 20mm '.
15. power cable (10) according to claim 9, including twisted according to core twisted synthesizing cable and core twisting pitch A
At least two cores (12) being combined, wherein winding stranding and armouring winding pitch B, the multiple gold according to spiral armouring
Category line (16a) is wrapped in around at least two core (12), and the spiral armouring winding stranding has stranded with core
Stranding identical direction, and armouring winding pitch B is at least to differ 10% from 0.4A to 2.5A, and with A.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2013/064550 WO2015003745A1 (en) | 2013-07-10 | 2013-07-10 | Method and armoured power cable for transporting alternate current |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105556619A CN105556619A (en) | 2016-05-04 |
| CN105556619B true CN105556619B (en) | 2017-07-21 |
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ID=48832879
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380078092.9A Active CN105556619B (en) | 2013-07-10 | 2013-07-10 | Method and armoured power cable for transporting alternating current |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10438722B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3020051B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN105556619B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2013394138B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112016000463B1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK3020051T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2700744T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2015003745A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018192666A1 (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2018-10-25 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Method and armoured cable for transporting high voltage alternate current |
| CN109559858B (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2020-04-10 | 中天科技海缆有限公司 | Method for armouring cable |
| US11410794B2 (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2022-08-09 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Armoured cable for transporting alternate current with permanently magnetised armour wires |
| IT201800007853A1 (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-02-03 | Prysmian Spa | HIGH VOLTAGE THREE-PHASE CABLE. |
| EP3839981A1 (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-23 | NKT HV Cables AB | Ac submarine power cable with reduced losses |
| IT202000000343A1 (en) | 2020-01-10 | 2021-07-10 | Prysmian Spa | Armored cable to carry alternating current |
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2013
- 2013-07-10 AU AU2013394138A patent/AU2013394138B2/en active Active
- 2013-07-10 US US14/903,647 patent/US10438722B2/en active Active
- 2013-07-10 EP EP13739632.1A patent/EP3020051B1/en active Active
- 2013-07-10 CN CN201380078092.9A patent/CN105556619B/en active Active
- 2013-07-10 WO PCT/EP2013/064550 patent/WO2015003745A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-07-10 DK DK13739632.1T patent/DK3020051T3/en active
- 2013-07-10 ES ES13739632T patent/ES2700744T3/en active Active
- 2013-07-10 BR BR112016000463-9A patent/BR112016000463B1/en active IP Right Grant
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| GB885165A (en) * | 1958-11-26 | 1961-12-20 | Okonite Co | Electric cable systems |
| GB1051860A (en) * | 1963-04-19 | |||
| FR2564635A1 (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1985-11-22 | Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore | TRACTION ARMOR FOR CABLES, AND CABLE FOR UNDERWATER USE WITH SUCH ARMOR |
| US7381900B2 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2008-06-03 | Nexans | Power cable for direct electric heating system |
| CN101950619A (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2011-01-19 | 宁波东方电缆股份有限公司 | Hybrid armored structure of single-core high-voltage submarine cable |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2013394138A1 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
| CN105556619A (en) | 2016-05-04 |
| EP3020051B1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
| US20160172077A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
| DK3020051T3 (en) | 2018-12-17 |
| US10438722B2 (en) | 2019-10-08 |
| WO2015003745A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
| BR112016000463A2 (en) | 2017-07-25 |
| AU2013394138B2 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
| BR112016000463B1 (en) | 2022-05-10 |
| EP3020051A1 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
| ES2700744T3 (en) | 2019-02-19 |
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