CN103018320B - For resonance type magnetoelectric transducer and the detection method of ferromagnetic material defects detection - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于铁磁材料缺陷无损检测的共振型磁电传感器及检测方法，U型软磁件底段中间位置上绕有连接稳频稳幅激励电流源的磁化线圈、左、右两侧段之间设有磁电元件、永磁铁；磁电元件由个相同磁致伸缩材料块和一个压电材料块组成，2个磁致伸缩材料块分别固定粘贴于压电材料块的左、右两侧面上；在磁电元件底端和U型软磁件底段的空隙之间设有固定连接磁电元件的永磁铁；使交流励磁信号频率与磁电元件的共振频率相同；将U型软磁件的左、右两侧段的顶端与被测件密合在一起并沿被测件表面移动，监测压电材料块上的银电极层的电压，若有电压脉冲，则被测件与磁电元件相面对的位置处有缺陷；既可检测极弱的磁场，亦可检测中等强度的磁场。
The invention discloses a resonance type magnetoelectric sensor and a detection method for non-destructive detection of ferromagnetic material defects. The middle position of the bottom section of the U-shaped soft magnetic part is wound with a magnetization coil connected to a stable frequency and stable amplitude excitation current source, left and right There are magnetoelectric elements and permanent magnets between the two sides; the magnetoelectric elements are composed of two identical magnetostrictive material blocks and one piezoelectric material block, and the two magnetostrictive material blocks are respectively fixed and pasted on the left side of the piezoelectric material block. , on both sides of the right side; a permanent magnet fixedly connected to the magnetoelectric element is provided between the bottom end of the magnetoelectric element and the gap at the bottom of the U-shaped soft magnetic piece; the frequency of the AC excitation signal is the same as the resonant frequency of the magnetoelectric element; The tops of the left and right side sections of the U-shaped soft magnetic piece are closely connected with the tested piece and move along the surface of the tested piece to monitor the voltage of the silver electrode layer on the piezoelectric material block. If there is a voltage pulse, it will be detected. There is a defect at the position where the test piece faces the magnetoelectric element; it can detect both extremely weak magnetic fields and medium-strength magnetic fields.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及磁电传感器无损检测领域，具体是用于无损检测铁磁材料缺陷的磁电传感器。 The invention relates to the field of nondestructive detection of magnetoelectric sensors, in particular to a magnetoelectric sensor for nondestructively detecting defects of ferromagnetic materials.
背景技术 Background technique
输油管道、钢丝绳、钢板等铁磁材料在制造和使用过程中，由于摩擦、磨损、腐蚀等原因会产生如裂纹、孔洞、断丝等各种各样的缺陷，若不能及时检测出缺陷，可能会造成重大事故。 During the manufacture and use of ferromagnetic materials such as oil pipelines, steel wire ropes, and steel plates, various defects such as cracks, holes, and broken wires will occur due to friction, wear, and corrosion. If the defects cannot be detected in time, it may be will cause a serious accident.
目前，对铁磁材料缺陷无损检测方法有漏磁检测法、磁粉法、声波检测法和射线检测法等。其中漏磁检测法因信号处理电路简单和显示设备简单而被广泛使用,它特别适合于钢管裂缝及钢丝绳断丝检测，其核心部分是检测因材料缺陷而产生的漏磁的传感器，目前在漏磁检测中广泛使用的是基于霍尔效应的霍尔传感器，众所周知，霍尔传感器适合于对中等强度磁场的检测，对弱的漏磁场则难以检测,因此对微小缺陷检测难度较大。比霍尔传感器更灵敏的有磁通门传感器、SQUID等，但磁通门传感器未被用于漏磁检测领域，主要原因之一是它所检测的磁场量程小，而漏磁场可分布在较宽的范围内，磁通门仅对弱磁场敏感,故在漏磁检测中不用磁通门传感器,此外敏感体体积大,信号处理电路复杂也是磁通门传感器的缺点。SQUID可检测极弱的磁场如生物磁场，但SQUID由于它需在超导态下工作,且体积较大,因此它也不适合无损检测场合下漏磁场的检测。 At present, the non-destructive testing methods for ferromagnetic material defects include magnetic flux leakage testing, magnetic particle testing, acoustic testing, and ray testing. Among them, the magnetic flux leakage detection method is widely used because of the simple signal processing circuit and simple display equipment. It is especially suitable for the detection of cracks in steel pipes and broken wires of steel wire ropes. Its core part is a sensor for detecting magnetic flux leakage caused by material defects. The Hall sensor based on the Hall effect is widely used in magnetic detection. As we all know, the Hall sensor is suitable for the detection of medium-strength magnetic fields, but it is difficult to detect weak leakage magnetic fields, so it is difficult to detect small defects. Fluxgate sensors, SQUID, etc. are more sensitive than Hall sensors, but fluxgate sensors have not been used in the field of magnetic flux leakage detection. One of the main reasons is that the magnetic field it detects has a small range, and the leakage magnetic field can be distributed in a relatively In a wide range, the fluxgate is only sensitive to a weak magnetic field, so the fluxgate sensor is not used in the magnetic flux leakage detection. In addition, the sensitive body is large in size and the signal processing circuit is complicated, which is also the disadvantage of the fluxgate sensor. SQUID can detect extremely weak magnetic fields such as biological magnetic fields, but because SQUID needs to work in a superconducting state and has a large volume, it is not suitable for the detection of leakage magnetic fields in non-destructive testing applications.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为克服上述现有技术的缺陷，提出一种可检测弱的漏磁场、容易对微小缺陷进行检测、检测磁场量程大且体积小的用于铁磁材料缺陷检测的共振型磁电传感器，本发明同时还提出该该共振型磁电传感器的检测方法。 The object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, and propose a kind of resonant magnetic field for detection of ferromagnetic material defects, which can detect weak leakage magnetic fields, easily detect tiny defects, and has a large detection range and small volume. As for the electric sensor, the present invention also proposes a detection method of the resonance type magnetoelectric sensor.
本发明用于铁磁材料缺陷检测的共振型磁电传感器采用的技术方案是：包含一个U型软磁件，U型软磁件底段的中间位置上绕有磁化线圈，磁化线圈连接稳频稳幅激励电流源，U型软磁件的左、右两侧段之间设有磁电元件、永磁铁以及支撑梁，磁电元件由个相同的磁致伸缩材料块和一个压电材料块组成，2个磁致伸缩材料块分别固定粘贴于压电材料块的左、右两侧面上，压电材料块的左右两侧面上覆有银电极层，2个磁致伸缩材料块分别通过两个支撑梁固定连接U型软磁件的左、右两侧段；在磁电元件的底端和U型软磁件的底段的空隙之间设有固定连接磁电元件的永磁铁。 The technical scheme adopted by the resonant magnetoelectric sensor used in the defect detection of ferromagnetic materials in the present invention is as follows: a U-shaped soft magnetic part is included, and a magnetized coil is wound on the middle position of the bottom section of the U-shaped soft magnetic part, and the magnetized coil is connected with a frequency stabilization A stable amplitude excitation current source, a magnetoelectric element, a permanent magnet and a support beam are arranged between the left and right sides of the U-shaped soft magnetic piece, and the magnetoelectric element consists of two identical magnetostrictive material blocks and one piezoelectric material block Composition, two magnetostrictive material blocks are respectively fixed and pasted on the left and right sides of the piezoelectric material block, the left and right sides of the piezoelectric material block are covered with silver electrode layers, and the two magnetostrictive material blocks pass through the two sides respectively. A support beam is fixedly connected to the left and right side sections of the U-shaped soft magnetic piece; a permanent magnet fixedly connected to the magnetoelectric element is arranged between the bottom end of the magnetoelectric element and the gap of the bottom section of the U-shaped soft magnetic piece.
本发明用于铁磁材料缺陷检测的共振型磁电传感器的检测方法采用的技术方案是具有如下步骤：A、检测出磁电元件的共振频率，在磁化线圈中通入交变电流，并调试电流大小，使交流励磁信号频率与所述共振频率相同；B、将U型软磁件的左、右两侧段的顶端与被测件密合在一起并沿被测件的表面移动，使磁电元件与被测件之间有小间隙；C、监测压电材料块上的银电极层的电压，若监测到有电压脉冲，则被测件与磁电元件相面对的位置处有缺陷。 The technical solution adopted by the detection method of the resonant magnetoelectric sensor used for ferromagnetic material defect detection in the present invention is to have the following steps: A, detect the resonance frequency of the magnetoelectric element, pass into the alternating current in the magnetizing coil, and debug The magnitude of the current, so that the frequency of the AC excitation signal is the same as the resonant frequency; B. The tops of the left and right side sections of the U-shaped soft magnetic piece are closely connected with the tested piece and moved along the surface of the tested piece, so that There is a small gap between the magnetoelectric element and the measured piece; C. Monitor the voltage of the silver electrode layer on the piezoelectric material block. If a voltage pulse is detected, there is a gap between the measured piece and the magnetoelectric element. defect.
本发明的优点是： The advantages of the present invention are:
1、本发明利用层合材料磁电效应原理实现检测，利用磁电效应的磁电元件作为检测漏磁的磁场传感器，检测被检材料有缺陷时产生的交变漏磁场；由磁致伸缩材料和压电材料构成的层合复合材料具有磁电效应，且有磁共振特性，利用其具有的共振特性，共振时可极大地提高磁灵敏度。 1. The present invention utilizes the principle of the magnetoelectric effect of laminated materials to realize the detection, and uses the magnetoelectric element of the magnetoelectric effect as a magnetic field sensor for detecting magnetic flux leakage to detect the alternating magnetic field leakage generated when the inspected material is defective; the magnetostrictive material The laminated composite material composed of the piezoelectric material has a magnetoelectric effect and has a magnetic resonance characteristic. Using its resonance characteristic, the magnetic sensitivity can be greatly improved during resonance.
2、磁致伸缩材料块与极化的压电材料块构成可检测交变磁场，永磁铁为磁致伸缩材料块提供优化的静态偏置磁场，使磁致伸缩材料提供尽可能大的磁伸量，采用与共振频率相同的励磁频率对被测的钢管、钢板进行激励，磁电元件检测出因被测材料缺陷而产生的漏磁，既可检测极弱的磁场，亦可检测中等强度的磁场，具有极宽的磁场检测范围。 2. The magnetostrictive material block and the polarized piezoelectric material block form a detectable alternating magnetic field, and the permanent magnet provides an optimized static bias magnetic field for the magnetostrictive material block, so that the magnetostrictive material provides the largest possible magnetic extension The measured steel pipe and steel plate are excited with the same excitation frequency as the resonant frequency, and the magnetoelectric element detects the magnetic flux leakage caused by the defect of the tested material, which can detect both extremely weak magnetic fields and medium-strength magnetic fields. Magnetic field, with an extremely wide magnetic field detection range.
3、磁敏元件无需供电即可将磁信号变成电信号。 3. The magnetic sensitive element can convert magnetic signal into electrical signal without power supply.
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。 The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构及其检测状态图： Fig. 1 is a structure of the present invention and its detection status diagram:
图2是图1中磁电元件的放大的主视图； Fig. 2 is the enlarged front view of magnetoelectric element among Fig. 1;
图3是图2的俯视图； Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 2;
图4是图1中永磁铁的放大的主视图； Fig. 4 is the enlarged front view of permanent magnet among Fig. 1;
图5是图4的俯视图。 FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 4 .
图中：1-稳频稳幅激励电流源；2-U型软磁件；3-永磁铁；4、5-支撑梁；6、7-磁致伸缩材料块；8-压电材料块；9-磁化线圈；10-被测件；11-被测件缺陷处。 In the figure: 1-stable frequency and stable amplitude excitation current source; 2-U-shaped soft magnetic parts; 3-permanent magnets; 4, 5-support beams; 6, 7-magnetostrictive material blocks; 8-piezoelectric material blocks; 9-Magnetizing coil; 10-DUT; 11-Defect of DUT.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
参见图1，本发明包含一个U型软磁件2、一个磁化线圈9和一个磁电元件，U型软磁件2是由连续的底段和左、右两侧段围成的U型结构，在U型软磁件2的底段的中间位置上绕有磁化线圈9，磁化线圈9的两端接入稳频稳幅激励电流源1，磁化线圈9由稳频稳幅激励电流源1提供电流，使磁化线圈9产生交流励磁。 Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention comprises a U-shaped soft magnetic part 2, a magnetizing coil 9 and a magnetoelectric element, and the U-shaped soft magnetic part 2 is a U-shaped structure surrounded by a continuous bottom section and left and right side sections A magnetizing coil 9 is wound around the middle of the bottom section of the U-shaped soft magnetic part 2, and the two ends of the magnetizing coil 9 are connected to a constant frequency and amplitude excitation current source 1, and the magnetization coil 9 is driven by a constant frequency and amplitude excitation current source 1 Supply current to make the magnetizing coil 9 generate AC excitation.
在U型软磁件2的左、右两侧段之间设置磁电元件、永磁铁3以及支撑梁，永磁铁3由具有极高磁能极的NdFeB永磁材料制成，支撑梁将磁电元件固定连接在U型软磁件2上。磁电元件由2个相同的磁致伸缩材料块6、7和一个压电材料块8组成，压电材料块8的左右两侧面上分别固定粘贴一个磁致伸缩材料块6、7，即将压电材料块8置于中间，2个磁致伸缩材料块6、7分别位于压电材料块8的左、右两侧面上，通过粘贴形成磁电元件；压电材料块8的左右两侧面上覆有银电极层，银电极层上制作引线，通过引线引出，压电材料块8在左右方向经电场极化。2个磁致伸缩材料块6、7分别通过两个支撑梁5、4固定连接U型软磁件2的左、右两侧段上。 Magnetoelectric elements, permanent magnets 3 and support beams are set between the left and right side sections of the U-shaped soft magnetic part 2, the permanent magnets 3 are made of NdFeB permanent magnet materials with very high magnetic energy poles, and the support beams connect the magnetoelectric The components are fixedly connected to the U-shaped soft magnetic part 2 . The magnetoelectric element is made up of 2 identical magnetostrictive material blocks 6,7 and a piezoelectric material block 8, and a magnetostrictive material block 6,7 is fixedly pasted on the left and right sides of the piezoelectric material block 8 respectively, is about to press The electric material block 8 is placed in the middle, and the two magnetostrictive material blocks 6 and 7 are located on the left and right sides of the piezoelectric material block 8 respectively, forming magnetoelectric elements by pasting; the left and right sides of the piezoelectric material block 8 Covered with a silver electrode layer, lead wires are made on the silver electrode layer and drawn out through the lead wires, and the piezoelectric material block 8 is polarized by an electric field in the left and right directions. The two magnetostrictive material blocks 6, 7 are fixedly connected to the left and right side sections of the U-shaped soft magnetic part 2 through two supporting beams 5, 4 respectively.
磁电元件的底端和U型软磁件2底段之间留有空隙，在磁电元件的底端固定永磁铁3，使永磁铁3位于磁电元件的底端和U型软磁件2底段的空隙之间。 There is a gap between the bottom of the magnetoelectric element and the bottom section of the U-shaped soft magnetic part 2, and the permanent magnet 3 is fixed at the bottom of the magnetoelectric element so that the permanent magnet 3 is positioned at the bottom of the magnetoelectric element and the U-shaped soft magnetic part 2 between the gaps in the bottom section.
如图2-3所示，磁电元件中的2个磁致伸缩材料块6、7的顶端与压电材料块8的顶端相平齐，2个磁致伸缩材料块6、7的前、后侧面也与压电材料块8的前、后侧面分别相平齐。将压电材料块8的底端设计成略高于2个磁致伸缩材料块6、7的底端，其目的是方便引线引出。 As shown in Figure 2-3, the tops of the two magnetostrictive material blocks 6 and 7 in the magnetoelectric element are flush with the top ends of the piezoelectric material block 8, and the front and rear ends of the two magnetostrictive material blocks 6 and 7 The rear side is also flush with the front and rear sides of the piezoelectric material block 8 respectively. The bottom end of the piezoelectric material block 8 is designed to be slightly higher than the bottom ends of the two magnetostrictive material blocks 6, 7, the purpose of which is to facilitate the extraction of lead wires.
如图4-5所示，永磁铁3为圆柱形结构，其直径与磁电元件的左、右面之间的宽度距离相等，其轴向顶端与压电材料块8的底端相配，套在压电材料块8的底端上。 As shown in Figure 4-5, the permanent magnet 3 is a cylindrical structure, its diameter is equal to the width and distance between the left and right sides of the magnetoelectric element, and its axial top is matched with the bottom end of the piezoelectric material block 8, and is sleeved on On the bottom end of the piezoelectric material block 8 .
检测时，将U型软磁件2的左、右两侧段的顶端同时与待测的被测件10密合在一起，磁电元件与被测件10应具有小间隙。测出磁电元件的共振频率，不是每次检测都要测共振频率，第一次测出结果即可，此后一直用此频率。在磁化线圈9中通入交变电流，调试通人磁化线圈9的电流大小，使磁化线圈9产生的交流励磁信号频率与磁电元件的共振频率相同，被测件10用共振频率进行励磁，由永磁铁3提供沿轴向的偏置磁场，对被检测的钢管或钢板等被测件10采用交流磁场励磁，磁场被磁致伸缩材料块6、7导入被测的铁磁材料被测件10中，铁磁材料被测件10被磁化。将U型软磁件2在被测件10的表面移动，同时监测压电材料块8左右两侧的银电极层的电压，若监测到有电压脉冲，说明检测到缺陷处产生漏磁场，引起磁电元件产生一突变信号，则被测件10与磁电元件相面对的位置处有缺陷，即检测出被测件缺陷处11。而无缺陷的材料不会出现突变信号。 During detection, the tops of the left and right side sections of the U-shaped soft magnetic part 2 are closely connected with the tested part 10 to be tested at the same time, and there should be a small gap between the magnetoelectric element and the tested part 10. To measure the resonant frequency of the magnetoelectric element, it is not necessary to measure the resonant frequency for every test, the result is enough for the first time, and this frequency has been used since then. In the magnetizing coil 9, an alternating current is introduced, and the magnitude of the current passing through the magnetizing coil 9 is debugged, so that the frequency of the AC excitation signal generated by the magnetizing coil 9 is the same as the resonance frequency of the magnetoelectric element, and the object under test 10 is excited with the resonance frequency. A bias magnetic field along the axial direction is provided by the permanent magnet 3, and an AC magnetic field is used to excite the tested piece 10 such as the steel pipe or steel plate to be tested, and the magnetic field is guided into the tested piece of ferromagnetic material by the magnetostrictive material blocks 6 and 7 In 10, the ferromagnetic material under test 10 is magnetized. Move the U-shaped soft magnetic part 2 on the surface of the tested part 10, and monitor the voltage of the silver electrode layers on the left and right sides of the piezoelectric material block 8 at the same time. If a voltage pulse is detected, it means that a leakage magnetic field is detected at the defect, causing If the magnetoelectric element generates a sudden change signal, then there is a defect at the position where the DUT 10 faces the magnetoelectric element, that is, the defect 11 of the DUT is detected. In contrast, defect-free materials do not show mutation signals.
以下是本发明的一个实施例： The following is an embodiment of the present invention:
实施例 Example
如图1-5所示，制作一长为12.5mm、宽为16mm、厚度为3mm的磁电元件。磁电元件所用的每个Terfenol-D材料的磁致伸缩材料块6、7的长hm=12mm，宽w=6mm，厚tm=2mm；所用的PZT5A材料的压电材料块8的长hp=12.5mm，其宽、厚与磁致伸缩材料6、7相同。用直径R=6mm、高为wm=4mm 的NdFeB材料的永磁铁3置于磁电元件的一端，实现对磁致伸缩材料块6、7的偏置磁化，偏置磁场沿磁电元件的长度方向。磁电元件是将极化的Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3(PZT5A)材料与Terfenol-D(TbDyFe)材料经环氧树脂胶粘贴而成。支撑梁4、5采用有机玻璃材料制作。 As shown in Figure 1-5, make a magnetoelectric element with a length of 12.5mm, a width of 16mm, and a thickness of 3mm. The length hm=12mm of the magnetostrictive material blocks 6 and 7 of each Terfenol-D material used by the magnetoelectric element, the width w=6mm, and the thickness tm=2mm; the length hp of the piezoelectric material block 8 of the PZT5A material used= 12.5mm, its width and thickness are the same as those of the magnetostrictive materials 6 and 7. A permanent magnet 3 of NdFeB material with a diameter of R=6mm and a height of wm=4mm is placed at one end of the magnetoelectric element to realize the bias magnetization of the magnetostrictive material blocks 6 and 7, and the bias magnetic field is along the length of the magnetoelectric element direction. The magnetoelectric element is formed by bonding polarized Pb(Zr 1-x Ti x )O 3 (PZT5A) material and Terfenol-D(TbDyFe) material through epoxy resin. The supporting beams 4 and 5 are made of plexiglass material.
励磁信号由幅值及频率可调的任意信号发生器产生，调节励磁频率使其得到共振频率，传感器检测信号送示波器上显示，当被测件10存在缺陷时可观察到幅值显著增强的交变信号。测量时将将U型软磁件2的左、右两侧面的顶端面紧贴被测钢板表面，钢板被导入的交变磁场励磁，若钢板上含缺陷（如缝隙），则在缝隙处产生漏磁，磁电元件可检测该漏磁，产生对应缝隙处输出电压信号，因此若磁电元件有输出信号，说明该处有缺陷。因磁电元件工作于共振频率，具有极高的输出磁灵敏度，因此可实现对微小缝隙的检测。 The excitation signal is generated by an arbitrary signal generator with adjustable amplitude and frequency. Adjust the excitation frequency to obtain the resonance frequency. The sensor detection signal is sent to the oscilloscope for display. change signal. During the measurement, the top surfaces of the left and right sides of the U-shaped soft magnetic part 2 will be pressed against the surface of the steel plate to be tested, and the steel plate will be excited by the introduced alternating magnetic field. Magnetic flux leakage, the magnetoelectric element can detect the flux leakage and generate an output voltage signal corresponding to the gap. Therefore, if the magnetoelectric element has an output signal, it indicates that there is a defect in that place. Because the magnetoelectric element works at the resonant frequency, it has extremely high output magnetic sensitivity, so it can realize the detection of tiny gaps.
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