CN101824463A - 哺乳动物细胞核受体转录活性的体外检测方法 - Google Patents
哺乳动物细胞核受体转录活性的体外检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物工程技术领域,具体涉及哺乳动物细胞核受体转录活性的体外检测方法。本发明公开了一种哺乳动物细胞核受体转录活性的体外检测方法,其包含下列步骤:a:配体或/和待测配体类物质和目标核受体进行温育,获得反应复合物;b:反应复合物加入包含目标核受体特异识别DNA序列和报告基因的表达载体的体外蛋白翻译系统或体外基因转录系统,进行报告基因mRNA表达或报告基因蛋白表达;c:检测报告基因RNA或报告基因蛋白;其中步骤a和b也可合并,在同一反应体系进行。本发明所述方法操作快速简便,灵敏度和精确度可靠,易于在临床和实验室推广,将为各种核受体功能异常的相关疾病诊断和分期、药物高通量筛选等分析提供重要技术手段。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物工程技术领域,具体涉及哺乳动物细胞核受体转录活性的体外检测方法。
背景技术
核受体(nuclear receptor,NR)是哺乳动物细胞内一类配体依赖性转录因子超家族,是体内含量最丰富的几大类转录因子超家族之一。这个家族已知的成员已经达到200个左右,包括人们所熟悉的雄激素受体,雌激素受体,孕激素受体,糖皮质激素受体,甲状腺素受体,维生素D受体,全反式视黄醛受体,过氧化物倍增激活受体(PPARs)及许多目前尚不清楚配体的孤儿核受体等等。机体的生长发育,细胞分化,以及许多生理/代谢过程都可归因于核受体与其相应配体及众多共调节因子相互作用所调控基因网络协调表达的结果。核受体及其调控基因表达的紊乱几乎和所有人类重大疾病如肿瘤,糖尿病,高血压,心脏病等病理过程有密切关系。
通过对核受体家族成员cDNA序列以及所编码的氨基酸序列比较发现,它们是进化上相当保守的一类转录因子超家族。典型的核受体蛋白结构分A,B,C,D,E五个功能区。其中A/B区包含配体非依赖性的转录激活域AF-1;C区为高度保守的DNA结合结构域(DNA binding domain,DBD),含两个锌指蛋白功能域;D是可变的铰链区;E区为配体结合域(ligand binding doma in,LBD),介导配体结合和二聚体化过程,还包括配体依赖性转录激活域AF-2。在细胞浆中,当配体与相应核受体上的配体结合区结合,诱导受体蛋白与分子伴侣蛋白解离,并二聚体化,核受体被激活,移行进入核内,其蛋白链上的DNA结合结构域与基因组中特定的DNA序列结合,从而激活(打开)或抑制(关闭)下游基因的表达。
每种核受体在核内DNA链上都有自己特异识别的序列,如核受体中的甾体激素受体,它们激活后进入核内,与核内基因启动子和增强子上特异识别的DNA序列结合,这段特异序列又称激素反应元件(hormone response elements,HREs),从而激活或阻遏靶基因的转录,起到调控代谢,发育和生殖功能等。由此可见,任何原因导致的核受体活性改变,都可能引发机体病理状态,测定核受体激活以后转录活性可为疾病诊断或分期、药物筛选等提供重要依据。
目前核受体转录活性的测定依赖于其对作用细胞增殖或代谢等功能的影响来检测。由于涉及细胞培养和一系列后续操作过程,所需时间长(一般至少要3天左右时间),系统误差大,灵敏度和精确度都比较低。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题为针对现有的核受体转录活性的测定方法所存在上述缺陷,急需一种新型核受体转录活性体外检测技术,以克服现有技术耗时长、系统误差大、灵敏度和精确度差等缺陷。
为此,本发明公开了一种哺乳动物细胞核受体转录活性的体外检测方法,其包含下列步骤:
a)配体或/和待测配体类物质和目标核受体进行温育,获得反应复合物;
b)反应复合物加入包含目标核受体特异识别DNA序列的报告基因表达载体的体外蛋白翻译系统或体外基因转录系统,进行报告基因RNA表达或报告基因蛋白表达;
c)检测报告基因mRNA或报告基因蛋白;
其中步骤a和b也可合并,在同一反应体系进行。
本发明原理是:将目的核受体特异识别的DNA序列重组接于表达质粒上报告基因翻译起始点的前面,将构建好的质粒与体外蛋白翻译系统混合,当配体和目标核受体温育时,若核受体与配体结合而被激活,由于核受体能特异结合其在质粒上的DNA识别序列,两者的结合,使已经具备转录因子功能的核受体启动下游报告基因的转录。转录出来的报告基因mRNA在蛋白翻译系统中立即被翻译成相应的报告蛋白。激活后的核受体转录能力越大,在相同的反应时间内被翻译出来的报告蛋白数量就越大,两者成正比关系。因此通过测定报告基因所表达蛋白的含量就可以反映核受体的转录能力大小。
在一些实施方式中,所述目标核受体可为通过基因工程表达的目标核受体蛋白或含有目标核受体的哺乳动物组织或细胞匀浆液。
在一些实施方式中,所述目标核受体可为激素受体、维生素D受体(Vitamin-D receptor)、全反式视黄醛受体(retinoid acid receptor)、视黄素X受体(retinoid X receptor)、过氧化物倍增激活受体(PPARs)、孤儿核受体(orphan receptors)、肝X受体(liver X receptor)、类法呢X受体(farnesoid X receptor)、组成型雄烷受体(constitutine androstane receptor)、人固醇类异生物受体(steroidxenobiotic receptor)或啮齿目动物中同源的孕烷X受体(pregnane X receptor)。
其中所述激素受体可为雄激素受体(androgen receptor),雌激素受体(estrogen receptor),孕激素受体(proges terone receptor),糖皮质激素受体(glucocorticoid receptor)、盐皮质激素受体(mineral corticoid receptor)、或甲状腺素受体(thyroid gland hormone receptor)。
在一些实施方式中,所述哺乳动物细胞为人类细胞或来源人类的细胞株。
本发明所述方法,将配体结合试验方法,报告基因检测方法和体外蛋白翻译方法有机整合起来,在一个微量反应管中,仅需2-3个小时左右即可获得pmol级的检测结果。操作快速简便,方法成熟可靠,易于在临床和实验室推广,将为各种核受体功能异常的相关疾病诊断和分期、药物高通量筛选等分析提供重要技术手段。
附图说明
图1人雄激素受体转录活性检测原理示意图。
具体实施方式
在本发明中,所述配体(ligand)或待测配体类物质是指能特异地与相应的核受体结合的化学物质,可引发核内DNA的表达的改变。所述配体可分为核受体激动剂(nuclear receptor agonist)和核受体拮抗剂(nuclearreceptor antagonist)两类。
在本发明中,所述核受体激动剂(nuclear receptor agonist)与受体有较强的亲和力,也有较强内在活性,产生效应强。其亲和力大小用pD2值(亲和指数)衡量,内在活性(α)用Emax(最大效应)衡量,包括完全激动剂(fullagonist)和部分激动剂(partial agonist)。完全激动剂(full agonist)是指对受体有较强亲和力和内在活性,能通过受体兴奋发挥最大效应的化学物质;而与受体有足够亲和力,但内在活性不强,只产生较弱的效应,却能对抗激动药部分效应的药物称为部分激动剂(partial agonist)。包括但不限于所述二氢睾酮,雌二醇,孕酮,甲状腺素,维生素D,维生素A,地塞米松,化合物T0901317(CAS:293754-55-9)。
在本发明中,所述核受体拮抗剂(nuclear receptor antagonist)是一种配体的类似物,与受体有亲和力,但缺乏内在活性,本身无生物效应,能阻断激动剂的作用。拮抗剂又分为竞争性和非竞争性拮抗剂,竞争性拮抗剂:①可逆地与激动剂竞争受体结合,其效应决定于两者的浓度和亲和力。②当有不同浓度的竞争性拮抗剂时,激动剂的量效曲线平行右移,最大效应不变。③拮抗能力用pA2值(拮抗指数)衡量;非竞争拮抗剂:①与激动剂不争夺相同的受体,但与受体结合后可妨碍激动剂与受体结合或改变效应器的反应性。②与受体发生不可逆性结合。③当有不同浓度非竞争性拮抗剂时,激动剂的量效曲线右移,最大效应降低。④拮抗能力用pA2′值(减活指数)衡量。包括但不限于所述氟硝丁酰胺,他莫昔芬,米非司酮(RU486),奥娜司酮(ZK98299),化合物A2348441(),化合物AL082D06(Miner JN,Tyree C,Hu J et al.Mol Endocrinol.2003;17(1):117-27)等。
在一些实施方式中,所述表达载体可为原核表达质粒,真核表达质粒,病毒表达载体,昆虫表达系统,酵母表达系统,真菌表达系统,或噬菌体表达系统,或是一段线性的核苷酸序列。但不论是何种形式的表达系统,在各种表达载体或线性的核苷酸序列里都重组了目标核受体特异识别的DNA序列和报告基因,前者必须接在后者的翻译起始点前面。每种核受体特异识别的DNA序列是不同的,需要根据其特异序列进行重组改装。
在一些实施方式中,所述报告基因可为绿色荧光蛋白基因(green fluorescent protein,GFP),β-半乳糖苷酶基因(β-galactos idase),荧光素酶基因(luciferase),以及在蛋白翻译时可进行荧光素标记的任何报告基因。
本发明所述体外蛋白翻译系统或体外基因转录系统均为公知常识,可以使用商业化运作的生物公司产品。
本发明所述体外蛋白翻译系统可根据所选用的报告基因表达系统而定,如选用原核表达质粒,则最好使用来自细菌抽提物的体外蛋白翻译系统;如选用真核表达质粒,则最好使用来自真核细胞抽提物的体外蛋白翻译系统。蛋白翻译系统也可以使用商业化运作的生物公司产品,这些公司有德国的Qiagen,美国的Invitrogen,Promega,NEB等。
所述检测报告基因mRNA可采用本领域常为技术,本领域技术人员完全可以根据所采用的报告基因不同,可采取如RT-PCR、FQ-PCR、分光光度法、Norther Blot等方法来进行报告基因mRNA的检测。
所述检测报告基因蛋白可采用本领域常为技术,本领域技术人员完全可以根据所采用的报告基因不同或体外蛋白翻译系统特点,可选用如可见光/荧光分光光度计法、酶法、放免法、ELISA、免疫沉淀、Western Blot等方法进行报告基因蛋白检测;如果采用GFP基因作为报告基因,则采用荧光分光光度计就可以完成检测,测得的荧光强度值可以代表该核受体转录活性大小。
以下结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。比例和百分比基于重量,除非特别说明。
以人雄激素受体转录活性检测技术为例说明本方法所述方法。
1.人雄激素受体转录活性检测原理:
雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)存在于人体绝大多数的细胞(包括外周血白细胞),是一种依赖配体激活的转录因子,其结构上主要分三个区:激素结合功能区,DNA结合功能区和转录激活功能区,分别具有激素结合,DNA结合和转录激活的功能。配体如雄激素结合于AR的激素结合区,导致构象变化,使AR与胞浆中的分子伴侣蛋白解离,受体被激活,获得转录活性并转移进核内,然后通过其DNA结合功能域特异性地识别靶基因上专一的DNA序列并与之结合,从而启动下游靶基因的转录。AR在核内特异识别的靶基因DNA序列称为雄激素应答元件(androgen response element,ARE)。通过构建带有ARE的绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)报告基因质粒,在体外蛋白翻译系统中加入雄激素配体,如激动剂二氢睾酮,或者抑制剂氟硝丁酰胺,使作为转录因子的AR-雄激素配体复合物与其特异识别的ARE结合,从而启动质粒上ARE下方的GFP蛋白翻译(图1)。由于pmol级的GFP蛋白表达就可以通过激发/发射光产生可以精确测定的荧光强度值,因此不同的AR转录激活能力就可以通过报告基因表达的不同GFP蛋白量所导致的不同荧光发射强度值得到足够灵敏度地直观反映。
2.雄激素受体转录活性检测技术:
①构建ARE-GFP报告基因质粒:采用pAAV-hrGFP质粒为蓝本(图2)。这是一个在哺乳动物细胞表达GFP蛋白的质粒,它的启动子序列是CMV。为了达到本研究目的,将该质粒中CMV序列置换成ARE序列。这样该质粒处于蛋白翻译环境时,必须接受激活的AR-雄激素配体复合物的结合,结合位置是在ARE序列,才能被启动表达GFP蛋白。ARE序列是5′-tcg agc tag aac agt atg ttc tca cca gag aac agt atg ttc tct gca gc-3′。ARE序列比较短,可通过生物技术公司合成。合成时,根据CMV两端可选的内切酶位点,在ARE序列两头分别加上相应内切酶识别序列,消化后就自然产生了匹配的粘性末端,在T4DNA连接酶的作用下完成构建工作。测序鉴定正确后用于后续实验。
②外周血白细胞采集:抽取人体外周血2ml,EDTA抗凝,预冷的氯化铵溶液(0.8%NH4Cl,0.1mM EDTA,KHC03调pH值到7.3,4℃储存)裂解红细胞,按1∶4比例,即1ml细胞悬液,加进4ml氯化铵溶液,轻轻颠倒混匀,冰上10分钟。混匀,取10μl加到血球计数板上,显微镜下计数白细胞数目。离心沉淀细胞后,根据计数结果加入含蛋白酶抑制剂的预冷生理盐水悬浮,使白细胞浓度在1×107/ml。此步也可用PBS或其它蛋白裂解缓冲液,但不论采用何种缓冲液悬浮细胞,必须加蛋白酶抑制剂,因为雄激素受体极容易被蛋白酶降解,这也是本实验成功与否的一个重要环节。
③白细胞匀浆和蛋白浓度测定:将上面制备好的细胞悬液立即置冰上,插入相应管径的匀浆机探头(美国Pro200 Scientific homogenizer)进行高速匀浆,以破碎细胞。BCA或Bradford法测定溶液蛋白浓度。
④雄激素受体-配体转录激活复合物制备:各取50μg白细胞匀浆蛋白,分别与过量的激动剂二氢睾酮和过量的抑制剂氟硝丁酰胺混合,37℃温育30分钟,反应总体积50μl。
⑤体外报告基因GFP蛋白翻译:体外蛋白翻译系统(Expressway)为美国Invitrogen公司产品。在96孔酶标板上,依次加入体外蛋白翻译系统溶液50μl,pAAV-ARE-hrGFP报告基因质粒100ng和AR-雄激素配体结合复合物50μl,37℃温育1小时。空白对照设四个组,分别为:不加AR-雄激素配体结合复合物组,仅加白细胞匀浆物组,仅加激动剂脱氢睾酮组,以及仅加抑制剂氟硝丁酰胺组。
⑥荧光分光光度计检测:反应样品通过酶标仪在473nm激发光/509nm发射光下检测GFP蛋白发出的荧光强度值。按照②→⑥步骤,再重复实验2遍,得到的3次实验数据如下:
说明:
A组为AR-脱氢睾酮激动剂组
B组为AR-氟硝丁酰胺抑制剂组
c组为不加AR-雄激素配体结合复合物组
D组为仅加白细胞匀浆物组
E组为仅加激动剂脱氢睾酮组
F组为仅加氟硝丁酰胺组
*:与B-F组相比,统计有显著性差异,P<0.01
本发明的范围不受所述具体实施方案的限制,所述实施方案只作为阐明本发明各个方面的单个例子,本发明范围内还包括功能等同的方法和组分。实际上,除了本文所述的内容外,本领域技术人员参照上文的描述和附图可以容易地掌握对本发明的多种改进。所述改进也落入所附权利要求书的范围之内。上文提及的每篇参考文献皆全文列入本文作为参考。
Claims (12)
1.一种哺乳动物细胞核受体转录活性的体外检测方法,其包含下列步骤:
a)配体或/和待测配体类物质和目标核受体进行温育,获得反应复合物;
b)反应复合物加入包含目标核受体特异识别DNA序列和报告基因的表达载体的体外蛋白翻译系统或体外基因转录系统,进行报告基因RNA表达或报告基因蛋白表达;
c)检测报告基因mRNA或报告基因蛋白;
其中步骤a和b也可合并,在同一反应体系进行。
2.如权利要求1所述的体外检测方法,其特征在于所述目标核受体可为通过基因工程表达的目标核受体蛋白或含有目标核受体的哺乳动物组织或细胞匀浆液。
3.如权利要求1所述的体外检测方法,其特征在于所述目标核受体可为激素受体、维生素D受体、全反式视黄醛受体、视黄素X受体、过氧化物倍增激活受体、孤儿核受体、肝X受体、类法呢X受体、组成型雄烷受体、人固醇类异生物受体或啮齿目动物中同源的孕烷X受体中之一。
4.如权利要求3所述的体外检测方法,其特征在于所述激素受体可为雄激素受体、雌激素受体、孕激素受体、糖皮质激素受体、盐皮质激素受体、或甲状腺素受体中之一。
5.如权利要求1所述的体外检测方法,其特征在于所述配体可分为核受体激动剂和核受体拮抗剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的体外检测方法,其特征在于所述核受体激动剂可为二氢睾酮,雌二醇,孕酮,甲状腺素,维生素D,维生素A,地塞米松,或化合物T0901317。
7.如权利要求5所述的体外检测方法,其特征在于所述核受体拮抗剂可为氟硝丁酰胺,他莫昔芬,米非司酮,奥娜司酮,化合物A2348441,或化合物AL082D06。
8.如权利要求1所述的体外检测方法,其特征在于所述表达载体可为原核表达质粒,真核表达质粒,病毒表达载体,昆虫表达系统,酵母表达系统,真菌表达系统,或噬菌体表达系统,或是一段线性的核苷酸序列。
9.如权利要求8所述的体外检测方法,其特征在于所述表达载体中,所述目标核受体特异识别DNA序列为报告基因的翻译起始点前面。
10.如权利要求1所述的体外检测方法,其特征在于所述报告基因可为绿色荧光蛋白基因、β-半乳糖苷酶基因、或荧光素酶基因。
11.如权利要求1所述的体外检测方法,其特征在所述检测报告基因mRNA可采用RT-PCR、FQ-PCR、分光光度法、或Norther Blot方法。
12.如权利要求1所述的体外检测方法,其特征在所述检测报告基因蛋白可选用可见光/荧光分光光度计法、酶法、放免法、ELISA、免疫沉淀、或Western Blot方法。
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CN102967692A (zh) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-03-13 | 嘉和生物药业有限公司 | 一种评价cd20靶位治疗药物及手段的体外检测方法 |
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EP3497605A4 (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2020-04-15 | enEvolv, Inc. | CELL-FREE SENSOR SYSTEMS |
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