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CN101736593B - Preparation method of water-base epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fiber - Google Patents

Preparation method of water-base epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fiber Download PDF

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CN101736593B
CN101736593B CN2010103001313A CN201010300131A CN101736593B CN 101736593 B CN101736593 B CN 101736593B CN 2010103001313 A CN2010103001313 A CN 2010103001313A CN 201010300131 A CN201010300131 A CN 201010300131A CN 101736593 B CN101736593 B CN 101736593B
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epoxy resin
based epoxy
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sizing agent
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CN101736593A (en
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黄玉东
张如良
刘丽
唐一壬
王晓明
刘青松
景介辉
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Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
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Abstract

一种碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法,它涉及一种上浆剂的制备方法。本发明解决了现有国外的乳液型上浆剂成本高;国内研究的乳液型上浆剂性能不好的问题。方法:一、制备水性环氧树脂;二、制备水溶性环氧树脂固化剂;三、用去离子水将水性环氧树脂稀释,然后分散,得水性环氧树脂乳液;四、水性环氧树脂乳液与水溶性环氧树脂固化剂混合,得水性环氧树脂乳液体系;五、将水性环氧树脂乳液体系和助剂混合,即得碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂。本发明碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的性能好,对碳纤维的增强作用好,具有较好的集束性、光滑度、柔韧性,且能同时满足纤维间丝条整体松散程度、开纤性、单根纤维间的交联程度性能指标,成本低。The invention discloses a preparation method of a water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fibers, which relates to a preparation method of the sizing agent. The invention solves the problems of high cost of the existing foreign emulsion-type sizing agent and poor performance of the domestically researched emulsion-type sizing agent. Method: 1. Prepare water-based epoxy resin; 2. Prepare water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent; 3. Dilute the water-based epoxy resin with deionized water and then disperse to obtain water-based epoxy resin emulsion; 4. Water-based epoxy resin Mix the emulsion with a water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent to obtain a water-based epoxy resin emulsion system; 5. Mix the water-based epoxy resin emulsion system and additives to obtain a water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fibers. The water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fibers of the present invention has good performance, good reinforcing effect on carbon fibers, good bundling, smoothness, and flexibility, and can simultaneously satisfy the overall looseness of filaments between fibers, fiber opening, The performance index of crosslinking degree between single fibers, and the cost is low.

Description

一种碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法A kind of preparation method of water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fiber

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种上浆剂的制备方法。The invention relates to a preparation method of a sizing agent.

背景技术 Background technique

碳纤维是脆性材料,在生产及加工过程中,经机械摩擦容易产生毛丝及单丝断裂等现象,使碳纤维的强度降低,而且由于毛丝的存在,使基体树脂不能充分润湿碳纤维,使之在制备的复合材料中容易产生孔隙,从而影响复合材料的力学性能,并且毛丝还会对工作环境产生影响。因此,必须对碳纤维进行上浆,上浆的作用是在碳纤维表面形成保护膜,这样在后续的加工过程中不仅可保护碳纤维表面,减少毛丝及单丝断裂现象,使碳纤维易与集束,而且还可起一过渡层的作用,改善碳纤维与基体树脂的相容性,从而改善了复合材料的界面粘结。Carbon fiber is a brittle material. In the process of production and processing, it is easy to produce wool and monofilament breakage through mechanical friction, which reduces the strength of carbon fiber. Moreover, due to the existence of wool, the matrix resin cannot fully wet the carbon fiber, making it It is easy to produce pores in the prepared composite material, which will affect the mechanical properties of the composite material, and the wool will also affect the working environment. Therefore, it is necessary to sizing the carbon fiber. The function of sizing is to form a protective film on the surface of the carbon fiber, which not only protects the surface of the carbon fiber during subsequent processing, reduces the breakage of wool and single filaments, but also makes the carbon fiber easy to be bundled. It acts as a transition layer to improve the compatibility between carbon fiber and matrix resin, thereby improving the interfacial bonding of composite materials.

目前,碳纤维上浆剂可分为两种,一种是溶液型的,是将有机树脂如聚乙烯醇、醋酸乙烯酯聚合物、丙烯酸的聚合物、聚氨酯、环氧树脂等溶解在丙酮等有机溶剂中配制而成的,但是溶液型上浆剂需要大量易燃的有机溶剂,会带来经济、安全、卫生等方面的问题。另一种是乳液型的,以一种树脂为主体,配以定量的乳化剂有时还含有少量交联剂,视树脂性质而定,以及提高界面粘合性的助剂制成的乳液,它一般不易在导辊上残留下树脂,又无溶剂污染环境,而且由于乳液中含有表面活性剂提高了纤维表面的被润湿性,同时又可通过助剂、偶联剂、达到提高的目的,因而国外广泛采用乳液型上浆剂,但是乳液型上浆剂的成本高,限制其推广适用;目前,国内研究的乳液型上浆剂性能不是很理想,不能同时保证碳纤维具有较好的集束性、光滑度、柔软性、柔韧性等,且不能同时的满足纤维间丝条整体松散程度、开纤性、单根纤维间的交联程度等性能指标,不能满足目前生产的需求和市场的需要。At present, carbon fiber sizing agents can be divided into two types, one is solution type, which dissolves organic resins such as polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate polymers, acrylic polymers, polyurethanes, epoxy resins, etc. in organic solvents such as acetone But the solution type sizing agent needs a lot of flammable organic solvents, which will bring problems in economy, safety and sanitation. The other is an emulsion type, which is based on a resin, mixed with a quantitative emulsifier and sometimes contains a small amount of crosslinking agent, depending on the nature of the resin, and an emulsion made of additives to improve interface adhesion. Generally, it is not easy to leave resin on the guide roller, and there is no solvent to pollute the environment, and because the emulsion contains surfactants, the wettability of the fiber surface is improved, and at the same time, it can be improved through auxiliary agents and coupling agents. Therefore, emulsion-type sizing agents are widely used abroad, but the cost of emulsion-type sizing agents is high, which limits their popularization and application; at present, the performance of emulsion-type sizing agents researched in China is not very ideal, and it cannot ensure that carbon fibers have good clustering and smoothness at the same time , softness, flexibility, etc., and cannot simultaneously meet performance indicators such as the overall looseness of the filaments between fibers, fiber opening, and cross-linking degree between single fibers, and cannot meet the current production needs and market needs.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明为了解决现有国外的乳液型上浆剂成本高;国内研究的乳液型上浆剂性能不好,对碳纤维的增强作用差的问题,而提供一种碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法。In order to solve the problems that the cost of the existing foreign emulsion-type sizing agent is high; the performance of the domestically-researched emulsion-type sizing agent is not good, and the reinforcing effect on carbon fiber is poor, the present invention provides a preparation method of a carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent .

碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法按以下步骤实现:一、在70℃的水浴中按质量比80∶20加入环氧树脂和水性环氧乳化剂,然后置于高剪切分散乳化机中,以1500~16000r/min的转速进行搅拌,并滴加去离子水至混合体系发生相转移,20~90min后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为40%~50%,继续搅拌30min,得水性环氧树脂HIT-WE;二、在70℃的水浴中按质量比80∶20加入环氧树脂固化剂和水性环氧乳化剂,然后置于高剪切分散乳化机中,以1500~8000r/min的转速进行搅拌并滴加去离子水,3~5h后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为40%~50%,得水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY;三、用去离子水将水性环氧树脂HIT-WE稀释至固含量为0.5%~5%,然后分散至粒径为100~500nm,得水性环氧树脂乳液HIT-Y;四、按质量比100∶0.01~0.25将水性环氧树脂乳液HIT-Y与水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY混合,得水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S;五、按质量百分比将90%~98%的水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S和2%~10%的助剂混合,即得碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂;其中步骤二中环氧树脂固化剂为三乙烯四胺、对苯二胺、脂肪族胺或芳香二胺;步骤三中分散是采用高剪切分散乳化机以3000~8000r/min的转速进行分散或者采用超声分散10~30min;步骤五中助剂是脂肪酸SR-GWS和脂肪族酰胺SR-508。The preparation method of carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent is realized by the following steps: 1. Add epoxy resin and water-based epoxy emulsifier in a mass ratio of 80:20 in a water bath at 70°C, and then place it in a high-shear dispersing emulsifier Stir at a speed of 1500-16000r/min, and add deionized water dropwise until the phase transfer occurs in the mixed system, then add deionized water dropwise after 20-90 minutes until the solid content of the mixed system is 40%-50%, continue Stir for 30 minutes to obtain water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE; 2. Add epoxy resin curing agent and water-based epoxy emulsifier in a water bath at 70°C in a mass ratio of 80:20, and then place it in a high-shear dispersing emulsifier. Stir at a speed of 1500-8000r/min and add deionized water dropwise, and then add deionized water dropwise after 3-5 hours until the solid content of the mixed system is 40%-50%, to obtain a water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent HIT- GY; 3. Dilute the water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE with deionized water to a solid content of 0.5% to 5%, and then disperse to a particle size of 100-500nm to obtain a water-based epoxy resin emulsion HIT-Y; 4. Press Mass ratio 100: 0.01~0.25 Mix water-based epoxy resin emulsion HIT-Y with water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent HIT-GY to obtain water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S; % of the water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S and 2% to 10% of additives are mixed to obtain a water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fibers; wherein the epoxy resin curing agent in step 2 is triethylenetetramine, p-phenylene Diamine, aliphatic amine or aromatic diamine; the dispersion in step 3 is to use a high-shear dispersing emulsifier to disperse at a speed of 3000-8000r/min or ultrasonic dispersion for 10-30min; the auxiliary agent in step 5 is fatty acid SR- GWS and aliphatic amide SR-508.

本发明碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂,与常用的树脂基体具有很好的相容性,能同时达到保护碳纤维表面及增强碳纤维和与树脂基体的粘结强度的目的,能充分发挥碳纤维的优异性能,能赋予碳纤维充分的集束性、优异的力学性能和较低的饱和吸水率(<0.6%)。本发明碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂,具有很好的渗透性,能渗入纤维内部进行粘结;很好的水溶性,便于上胶;有较好的粘结强度,赋予碳纤维以良好的加工性能,以承受张力和摩擦;不落胶,不搭胶,对温度和湿度适应范围宽。本发明碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的性能好,对碳纤维的增强作用好,能同时保证碳纤维具有较好的集束性、光滑度、柔软性、柔韧性,且能同时满足纤维间丝条整体松散程度、开纤性、单根纤维间的交联程度性能指标。本发明制备方法简单,成本低,满足目前生产的需求和市场的需要。The carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent of the present invention has good compatibility with the commonly used resin matrix, can simultaneously achieve the purpose of protecting the carbon fiber surface and enhancing the bonding strength between the carbon fiber and the resin matrix, and can give full play to the excellent properties of the carbon fiber Performance, can give carbon fiber sufficient bundle, excellent mechanical properties and low saturated water absorption (<0.6%). The carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent of the present invention has good permeability and can penetrate into the inside of the fiber for bonding; good water solubility and easy gluing; good bonding strength and endows carbon fiber with good processing High performance, to withstand tension and friction; no glue falling, no glue, wide adaptability to temperature and humidity. The carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent of the present invention has good performance, has a good reinforcing effect on carbon fibers, and can simultaneously ensure that carbon fibers have better bundling properties, smoothness, softness, and flexibility, and can simultaneously meet the overall requirements of the filaments between fibers. The degree of looseness, the degree of fiber opening, and the degree of crosslinking between individual fibers are performance indicators. The preparation method of the invention is simple, the cost is low, and the needs of the current production and the market are met.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1是具体实施方式十一中采用碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂上浆后的碳纤维制备成复合材料的断面的扫描电镜图;图2是具体实施方式十一中采用现有上浆剂上浆后的碳纤维制备成复合材料的断面的扫描电镜图。Fig. 1 is the scanning electron micrograph of the cross-section of the composite material prepared from the carbon fiber after the carbon fiber is sized with the water-based epoxy resin sizing agent in the eleventh embodiment; Fig. 2 is the sizing after the existing sizing agent is used in the eleventh embodiment Scanning electron micrograph of the cross-section of carbon fibers prepared into composite materials.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

本发明技术方案不局限于以下所列举具体实施方式,还包括各具体实施方式间的任意组合。The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, but also includes any combination of the specific embodiments.

具体实施方式一:本实施方式碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法按以下步骤实现:一、在70℃的水浴中按质量比80∶20加入环氧树脂和水性环氧乳化剂,然后置于高剪切分散乳化机中,以1500~16000r/min的转速进行搅拌,并滴加去离子水至混合体系发生相转移,20~90min后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为40%~50%,继续搅拌30min,得水性环氧树脂HIT-WE;二、在70℃的水浴中按质量比80∶20加入环氧树脂固化剂和水性环氧乳化剂,然后置于高剪切分散乳化机中,以1500~8000r/min的转速进行搅拌并滴加去离子水,3~5h后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为40%~50%,得水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY;三、用去离子水将水性环氧树脂HIT-WE稀释至固含量为0.5%~5%,然后分散至粒径为100~500nm,得水性环氧树脂乳液HIT-Y;四、按质量比100∶0.01~0.25将水性环氧树脂乳液HITY与水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY混合,得水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S;五、按质量百分比将90%~98%的水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S和2%~10%的助剂混合,即得碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂;其中步骤二中环氧树脂固化剂为三乙烯四胺、对苯二胺、脂肪族胺或芳香二胺;步骤三中分散是采用高剪切分散乳化机以3000~8000r/min的转速进行分散或者采用超声分散10~30min;步骤五中助剂是脂肪酸SR-GWS和脂肪族酰胺SR-508。Specific embodiment one: the preparation method of carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent in this embodiment is realized by the following steps: one, add epoxy resin and water-based epoxy emulsifier by mass ratio 80:20 in the water bath of 70 ℃, then Place in a high-shear dispersing emulsifier, stir at a speed of 1500-16000r/min, and add deionized water dropwise until the phase transfer occurs in the mixed system, and then add deionized water dropwise to the solid content of the mixed system after 20-90 minutes 40% to 50%, continue to stir for 30 minutes to obtain water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE; 2. Add epoxy resin curing agent and water-based epoxy emulsifier in a water bath at 70°C in a mass ratio of 80:20, and then place In the high-shear dispersing emulsifier, stir at a speed of 1500-8000r/min and add deionized water dropwise, and then add deionized water dropwise after 3-5 hours until the solid content of the mixed system is 40%-50%. 3. Dilute the water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE with deionized water to a solid content of 0.5% to 5%, and then disperse to a particle size of 100-500nm to obtain a water-based epoxy resin Emulsion HIT-Y; 4. Mix the water-based epoxy resin emulsion HITY with the water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent HIT-GY according to the mass ratio of 100:0.01~0.25 to obtain the water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S; 5. According to the quality Percentage Mix 90%~98% of water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S and 2%~10% of additives to get water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fiber; the epoxy resin curing agent in step 2 is three Ethylenetetramine, p-phenylenediamine, aliphatic amine or aromatic diamine; the dispersion in step three is to use a high-shear dispersing emulsifier to disperse at a speed of 3000-8000r/min or ultrasonic dispersion for 10-30min; in step five The additives are fatty acid SR-GWS and fatty acid amide SR-508.

本实施方式步骤一中高剪切分散乳化机的型号为FA25,是上海弗鲁克机电设备有限公司生产。The model of the high-shear dispersing and emulsifying machine in Step 1 of this embodiment is FA25, which is produced by Shanghai Fluke Electromechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.

本实施方式步骤一中混合体系发生相转移,就是体系的粘度瞬时下降,电导率开始骤然下降。In step 1 of this embodiment, the phase transfer occurs in the mixed system, that is, the viscosity of the system drops instantaneously, and the electrical conductivity begins to drop suddenly.

本实施方式步骤三中水性环氧树脂乳液HIT-Y,粒径为100~500nm,粒径可以控制,粒子分布较窄(100~300nm)、稳定性好(>6个月)、耐温性较好,饱和吸水率低(<0.1%),且环保无污染。In the third step of this embodiment, the water-based epoxy resin emulsion HIT-Y has a particle size of 100-500nm, the particle size can be controlled, the particle distribution is narrow (100-300nm), good stability (>6 months), and temperature resistance Preferably, the saturated water absorption rate is low (<0.1%), and it is environmentally friendly and pollution-free.

本实施方式步骤五中脂肪酸SR-GWS和脂肪族酰胺SR-508均为直接购买得到。Both the fatty acid SR-GWS and the fatty acid amide SR-508 in Step 5 of this embodiment are purchased directly.

具体实施方式二:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是步骤一中水性环氧乳化剂的制备:将装有搅拌器、回流冷凝管和温度计的250ml的四口瓶置于80℃水浴中,然后按摩尔比1∶1加入双酚A型环氧树脂和聚乙二醇,并以200~500r/min的速率搅拌至熔融状态;升温至100℃,加入占双酚A型环氧树脂和聚乙二醇总质量0.15%的三苯基磷,并以200-500r/min的速率搅拌6h,然后将产物倒入表面皿中,即得水性环氧乳化剂;放入干燥器中保存。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一相同。Specific embodiment two: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment one is the preparation of water-based epoxy emulsifier in step one: the 250ml four-necked bottle equipped with agitator, reflux condenser and thermometer is placed in 80 ℃ water bath , then add bisphenol A epoxy resin and polyethylene glycol in a molar ratio of 1:1, and stir at a rate of 200 to 500r/min until molten state; heat up to 100°C, add bisphenol A epoxy resin and triphenylphosphine with 0.15% of the total mass of polyethylene glycol, and stirred at a rate of 200-500r/min for 6h, then pour the product into a watch glass to obtain a water-based epoxy emulsifier; put it into a desiccator for preservation . Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

具体实施方式三:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是步骤一中以2000~10000r/min的转速进行搅拌。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一相同。Specific embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment 1 is that in step 1, stirring is performed at a rotational speed of 2000-10000 r/min. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

具体实施方式四:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是步骤一中以8000r/min的转速进行搅拌。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一相同。Embodiment 4: This embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 in that step 1 stirs at a speed of 8000 r/min. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

具体实施方式五:本实施方式与具体实施方式四不同的是步骤一中60min后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为50%。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式四相同。Embodiment 5: This embodiment is different from Embodiment 4 in that deionized water is added dropwise after 60 minutes in step 1 until the solid content of the mixed system is 50%. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiment 4.

具体实施方式六:本实施方式与具体实施方式五不同的是步骤三中用去离子水将水性环氧树脂HIT-WE稀释至固含量为3%~4%,然后分散至粒径为200~400nm。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式五相同。Specific embodiment six: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment five is that in step three, water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE is diluted to a solid content of 3% to 4% with deionized water, and then dispersed to a particle size of 200 to 4%. 400nm. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiment 5.

具体实施方式七:本实施方式与具体实施方式五不同的是步骤三中用去离子水将水性环氧树脂HIT-WE稀释至固含量为3.5%,然后分散至粒径为300nm。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式五相同。Embodiment 7: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 5 is that in step 3, the water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE is diluted with deionized water to a solid content of 3.5%, and then dispersed to a particle size of 300nm. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiment 5.

具体实施方式八:本实施方式与具体实施方式六或七不同的是步骤四中步骤四中按质量比100∶0.011将水性环氧树脂乳液HIT-Y与水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY混合,得水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式六或七相同。Embodiment 8: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 6 or 7 is that the water-based epoxy resin emulsion HIT-Y and the water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent HIT-GY are mixed according to the mass ratio of 100:0.011 in Step 4 in Step 4. Mix to obtain the water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiment 6 or 7.

具体实施方式九:本实施方式与具体实施方式八不同的是步骤五中按质量百分比将92%~96%的水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S和4%~8%的助剂混合。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式八相同。Embodiment 9: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 8 is that in step 5, 92% to 96% of the water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S and 4% to 8% of additives are mixed according to mass percentage. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiment 8.

具体实施方式十:本实施方式与具体实施方式八不同的是步骤五中按质量百分比将98%的水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S、和2%的助剂混合。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式八相同。Embodiment 10: This embodiment is different from Embodiment 8 in that in step 5, 98% of the water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S and 2% of additives are mixed by mass percentage. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiment 8.

具体实施方式十一:本实施方式碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法按以下步骤实现:一、在70℃的水浴中按质量比80∶20加入环氧树脂和水性环氧乳化剂,然后置于高剪切分散乳化机中,以8000r/min的转速进行搅拌,并滴加去离子水至混合体系发生相转移,60min后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为50%,继续搅拌30min,得水性环氧树HIT-WE;二、在70℃的水浴中按质量比80∶20加入环氧树脂固化剂和水性环氧乳化剂,然后置于高剪切分散乳化机中,以4000r/min的转速进行搅拌并滴加去离子水,4h后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为50%,得水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY;三、用去离子水将水性环氧树脂HIT-WE稀释至固含量为3%,然后分散至粒径为200nm,得水性环氧树脂乳液HIT-Y;四、按质量比100∶0.011将水性环氧树脂乳液HIT-Y与水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY混合,得水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S;五、按质量百分比将98%的水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S和2%的助剂混合,即得碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂;其中步骤二中环氧树脂固化剂为三乙烯四胺;步骤三中分散是采用高剪切分散乳化机以5000r/min的转速进行分散;步骤五中助剂是脂肪酸SR-GWS和脂肪族酰胺SR-508。Embodiment Eleven: The preparation method of carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent in this embodiment is realized according to the following steps: 1. Add epoxy resin and water-based epoxy emulsifier at a mass ratio of 80:20 in a water bath at 70°C, Then put it in a high-shear dispersing emulsifier, stir at a speed of 8000r/min, and add deionized water dropwise until the phase transfer occurs in the mixed system, and then add deionized water dropwise after 60 minutes until the solid content of the mixed system is 50%. , and continue to stir for 30 minutes to obtain water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE; 2. Add epoxy resin curing agent and water-based epoxy emulsifier in a mass ratio of 80:20 in a water bath at 70 ° C, and then place it in a high-shear dispersing emulsifier In the process, stir at a speed of 4000r/min and add deionized water dropwise, and then add deionized water dropwise after 4 hours until the solid content of the mixed system is 50%, to obtain the water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent HIT-GY; 3. Use Dilute the water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE with deionized water to a solid content of 3%, and then disperse it to a particle size of 200nm to obtain a water-based epoxy resin emulsion HIT-Y; Emulsion HIT-Y mixes with water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent HIT-GY to obtain water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S; five, mix 98% of water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S and 2% of Auxiliaries are mixed to obtain a water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fibers; the epoxy resin curing agent in step two is triethylenetetramine; the dispersion in step three is to use a high-shear dispersing emulsifier to disperse at a speed of 5000r/min ; Auxiliaries in step five are fatty acid SR-GWS and fatty acid amide SR-508.

本实施方式中碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂,用于碳纤维生产线上对碳纤维进行上浆处理,然后在120~150℃下烘干,再收丝。In this embodiment, the carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent is used in the carbon fiber production line to sizing the carbon fiber, and then dried at 120-150° C., and then collected.

对上浆后的碳纤维进行性能和饱和吸水率的测试,结果如表1所示,本实施方式上浆剂性能好,能使碳纤维具有优异的力学性能和较低的饱和吸水率。碳纤维上浆前的拉伸强度为3.30,而且脆,较易折。The performance and saturated water absorption of the sized carbon fibers were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1. The sizing agent in this embodiment has good performance and can make the carbon fibers have excellent mechanical properties and low saturated water absorption. The tensile strength of carbon fiber before sizing is 3.30, and it is brittle and easy to fold.

表1Table 1

 拉伸强度Gpa Tensile strength Gpa   强度cv值% Strength cv value %   断裂伸长率% Elongation at break%   断裂伸长率cv值% Elongation at break cv value%   含胶量%  Gel content%   饱和吸水率% Saturated water absorption%  3.36 3.36   4.7 4.7   2.07 2.07   6.21 6.21   1.32 1.32   0.05 0.05

采用本实施方式中碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂上浆后的碳纤维制备成复合材料,由图1可知,复合材料的端口很齐整,没有拔出现象,说明纤维与树脂直接的结合力很好,二者的相容性较好。而采用现有上浆剂上浆后的碳纤维制备成的复合材料,由图2可知,复合材料的端口有纤维拔出,界面结合较差。In this embodiment, carbon fibers sizing with water-based epoxy resin sizing agent are used to prepare composite materials. It can be seen from Figure 1 that the ports of the composite materials are very neat and there is no pull-out phenomenon, indicating that the direct bonding force between the fiber and the resin is very good. The compatibility of the two is good. However, for the composite material prepared by using the carbon fiber sized by the existing sizing agent, it can be seen from Figure 2 that the fiber is pulled out at the port of the composite material, and the interface bonding is poor.

本实施方式中碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂与日本产的4#上浆剂,同时对一种碳纤维上浆后,测试其层间剪切力,分别为87.06331和85.58375,可见采用本实施方式中上浆剂性能优于日本产的4#上浆剂。In this embodiment, the carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent and the 4# sizing agent produced in Japan are sizing a carbon fiber at the same time, and the interlayer shear force is tested, which are 87.06331 and 85.58375 respectively. It can be seen that the sizing in this embodiment is used The agent performance is better than the 4# sizing agent produced in Japan.

本实施方式中碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂与日本产的4#上浆剂,同时对一种碳纤维上浆后,进行上浆剂耐温性分析,结果如表2所示,本实施方式中碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的耐热性好,能够避免碳纤维的结构与性能在高温下受破坏。In this embodiment, the water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fiber and the 4# sizing agent produced in Japan, after sizing a kind of carbon fiber at the same time, analyze the temperature resistance of the sizing agent. The results are shown in Table 2. In this embodiment, the carbon fiber is used The water-based epoxy resin sizing agent has good heat resistance, which can prevent the structure and performance of carbon fiber from being damaged at high temperature.

表2Table 2

  试样 sample   起始分解温度/℃  Decomposition temperature/°C   最大分解温度/℃  Maximum decomposition temperature/℃   上浆量/% Sizing amount/%   碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂 Carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent   197 197   346 346   1.3 1.3   日本4#上浆剂 Japan 4# sizing agent   178 178   319 319   0.9 0.9

具体实施方式十二:本实施方式碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法按以下步骤实现:一、在70℃的水浴中按质量比80∶20加入环氧树脂和水性环氧乳化剂,然后置于高剪切分散乳化机中,以10000r/min的转速进行搅拌,并滴加去离子水至混合体系发生相转移,50min后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为40%,继续搅拌30min,得水性环氧树脂HIT-WE;二、在70℃的水浴中按质量比80∶20加入环氧树脂固化剂和水性环氧乳化剂,然后置于高剪切分散乳化机中,以6000r/min的转速进行搅拌并滴加去离子水,5h后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为40%,得水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY;三、用去离子水将水性环氧树脂HIT-WE稀释至固含量为4%,然后分散至粒径为100nm,得水性环氧树脂乳液HIT-Y;四、按质量比100∶0.012将水性环氧树脂乳液HIT-Y与水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY混合,得水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S;五、按质量百分比将92%的水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S和8%的助剂混合,即得碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂;其中步骤二中环氧树脂固化剂为对苯二胺;步骤三中分散是采用超声分散30min;步骤五中助剂是脂肪酸SR-GWS和脂肪族酰胺SR-508。Embodiment 12: The preparation method of carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent in this embodiment is realized according to the following steps: 1. Add epoxy resin and water-based epoxy emulsifier at a mass ratio of 80:20 in a water bath at 70°C, Then put it in a high-shear dispersing emulsifier, stir at a speed of 10000r/min, and add deionized water dropwise until the phase transfer occurs in the mixed system, and then add deionized water dropwise after 50 minutes until the solid content of the mixed system is 40%. , and continue to stir for 30 minutes to obtain water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE; 2. Add epoxy resin curing agent and water-based epoxy emulsifier at a mass ratio of 80:20 in a water bath at 70 ° C, and then place it in a high-shear dispersing emulsifier In the process, stir at a speed of 6000r/min and add deionized water dropwise, and then add deionized water dropwise after 5 hours until the solid content of the mixed system is 40%, to obtain the water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent HIT-GY; 3. Use Dilute the water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE with deionized water to a solid content of 4%, and then disperse it to a particle size of 100nm to obtain a water-based epoxy resin emulsion HIT-Y; Emulsion HIT-Y mixes with water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent HIT-GY to obtain water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S; five, mix 92% water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S and 8% of Additives are mixed to obtain a water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fiber; the epoxy resin curing agent in step 2 is p-phenylenediamine; the dispersion in step 3 is ultrasonic dispersion for 30 minutes; the auxiliary agent in step 5 is fatty acid SR-GWS and aliphatic amide SR-508.

本实施方式中碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂,用于碳纤维生产线上对碳纤维进行上浆处理,然后在120~150℃下烘干,再收丝。In this embodiment, the carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent is used in the carbon fiber production line to sizing the carbon fiber, and then dried at 120-150° C., and then collected.

对上浆后的碳纤维进行性能和饱和吸水率的测试,结果如表3所示,本实施方式上浆剂性能好,能使碳纤维具有优异的力学性能和较低的饱和吸水率。The performance and saturated water absorption of the sized carbon fibers were tested, and the results are shown in Table 3. The sizing agent in this embodiment has good performance and can make the carbon fibers have excellent mechanical properties and low saturated water absorption.

表3table 3

 拉伸强度Gpa Tensile strength Gpa   强度cv值% Strength cv value %   断裂伸长率% Elongation at break%   断裂伸长率cv值% Elongation at break cv value%   含胶量%  Gel content%   饱和吸水率% Saturated water absorption%  3.45 3.45   4.71 4.71   1.98 1.98   5.16 5.16   1.28 1.28   0.05 0.05

具体实施方式十三:本实施方式碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法按以下步骤实现:一、在70℃的水浴中按质量比80∶20加入环氧树脂和水性环氧乳化剂,然后置于高剪切分散乳化机中,以12000r/min的转速进行搅拌,并滴加去离子水至混合体系发生相转移,80min后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为45%,继续搅拌30min,得水性环氧树脂HIT-WE;二、在70℃的水浴中按质量比80∶20加入环氧树脂固化剂和水性环氧乳化剂,然后置于高剪切分散乳化机中,以7000r/min的转速进行搅拌并滴加去离子水,3h后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为45%,得水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY;三、用去离子水将水性环氧树脂HIT-WE稀释至固含量为2%,然后分散至粒径为300nm,得水性环氧树脂乳液HIT-Y;四、按质量比100∶0.013将水性环氧树脂乳液HIT-Y与水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY混合,得水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S;五、按质量百分比将97%的水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S和3%的助剂混合,即得碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂;其中步骤二中环氧树脂固化剂为脂肪族胺;步骤三中分散是采用超声分散25min;步骤五中助剂是脂肪酸SR-GWS和脂肪族酰胺SR-508。Specific Embodiment Thirteen: The preparation method of carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent in this embodiment is realized by the following steps: 1. Add epoxy resin and water-based epoxy emulsifier at a mass ratio of 80:20 in a water bath at 70°C, Then put it in a high-shear dispersing emulsifier, stir at a speed of 12000r/min, and add deionized water dropwise until the phase transfer occurs in the mixed system, and then add deionized water dropwise after 80 minutes until the solid content of the mixed system is 45%. , and continue to stir for 30 minutes to obtain water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE; 2. Add epoxy resin curing agent and water-based epoxy emulsifier at a mass ratio of 80:20 in a water bath at 70 ° C, and then place it in a high-shear dispersing emulsifier In the process, stir at a speed of 7000r/min and add deionized water dropwise, and then add deionized water dropwise after 3 hours until the solid content of the mixed system is 45%, to obtain the water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent HIT-GY; 3. Use Dilute the water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE with deionized water to a solid content of 2%, and then disperse it to a particle size of 300nm to obtain a water-based epoxy resin emulsion HIT-Y; Emulsion HIT-Y mixes with water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent HIT-GY to obtain water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S; five, mix 97% of water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S and 3% of Auxiliaries are mixed to obtain a water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fiber; wherein the epoxy resin curing agent is an aliphatic amine in step two; the dispersion in step three is to adopt ultrasonic dispersion for 25min; the auxiliaries in step five are fatty acid SR-GWS and Aliphatic amide SR-508.

本实施方式中碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂,用于碳纤维生产线上对碳纤维进行上浆处理,然后在120~150℃下烘干,再收丝。In this embodiment, the carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent is used in the carbon fiber production line to sizing the carbon fiber, and then dried at 120-150° C., and then collected.

对上浆后的碳纤维进行性能和饱和吸水率的测试,结果如表4所示,本实施方式上浆剂性能好,能使碳纤维具有优异的力学性能和较低的饱和吸水率。The performance and saturated water absorption of the sized carbon fibers were tested, and the results are shown in Table 4. The sizing agent in this embodiment has good performance and can make the carbon fibers have excellent mechanical properties and low saturated water absorption.

表4Table 4

 拉伸强度Gpa Tensile strength Gpa   强度cv值% Strength cv value%   断裂伸长率% Elongation at break%   断裂伸长率cv值% Elongation at break cv value%   含胶量%  Gel content%   饱和吸水率% Saturated water absorption%   3.35 3.35   5.72 5.72   1.83 1.83   7.18 7.18   1.40 1.40   0.06 0.06

Claims (10)

1.一种碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法按以下步骤实现:一、在70℃的水浴中按质量比80:20加入环氧树脂和水性环氧乳化剂,然后置于高剪切分散乳化机中,以1500~16000r/min的转速进行搅拌,并滴加去离子水至混合体系发生相转移,20~90min后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为40%~50%,继续搅拌30min,得水性环氧树脂HIT-WE;二、在70℃的水浴中按质量比80:20加入环氧树脂固化剂和水性环氧乳化剂,然后置于高剪切分散乳化机中,以1500~8000r/min的转速进行搅拌并滴加去离子水,3~5h后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为40%~50%,得水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY;三、用去离子水将水性环氧树脂HIT-WE稀释至固含量为0.5%~5%,然后分散至粒径为100~500nm,得水性环氧树脂乳液HIT-Y;四、按质量比100:0.01~0.25将水性环氧树脂乳液HIT-Y与水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY混合,得水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S;五、按质量百分比将90%~98%的水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S和2%~10%的助剂混合,即得碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂;其中步骤二中环氧树脂固化剂为三乙烯四胺或对苯二胺;步骤三中分散是采用高剪切分散乳化机以3000~8000r/min的转速进行分散或者采用超声分散10~30min;步骤五中助剂是脂肪酸SR-GWS和脂肪族酰胺SR-508。 1. A preparation method of water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fiber, characterized in that the preparation method of water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fiber is realized in the following steps: one, add by mass ratio 80:20 in the water bath of 70 ℃ Epoxy resin and water-based epoxy emulsifier are then placed in a high-shear dispersing emulsifier, stirred at a speed of 1500-16000r/min, and deionized water is added dropwise until the phase transfer occurs in the mixed system. Add deionized water dropwise until the solid content of the mixed system is 40% to 50%, and continue to stir for 30 minutes to obtain water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE; 2. Add epoxy resin in a water bath at 70°C in a mass ratio of 80:20 to cure agent and water-based epoxy emulsifier, then put it in a high-shear dispersing emulsifier, stir at a speed of 1500-8000r/min and add deionized water dropwise, and then add deionized water dropwise to the mixing system after 3-5 hours The solid content is 40% to 50%, and the water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent HIT-GY is obtained; 3. Dilute the water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE with deionized water to a solid content of 0.5% to 5%, and then disperse to the granular The diameter is 100-500nm to obtain water-based epoxy resin emulsion HIT-Y; 4. Mix water-based epoxy resin emulsion HIT-Y with water-soluble epoxy resin curing agent HIT-GY according to the mass ratio of 100:0.01-0.25 to obtain water-based Epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S; 5. Mix 90%-98% water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S and 2%-10% additives according to mass percentage to obtain carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent; wherein the epoxy resin curing agent in step two is triethylenetetramine or p-phenylenediamine; the dispersion in step three is to use a high-shear dispersing emulsifier to disperse at a speed of 3000-8000r/min or to use ultrasonic dispersion for 10- 30min; the additives in step five are fatty acid SR-GWS and fatty acid amide SR-508. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤一中水性环氧乳化剂的制备:将装有搅拌器、回流冷凝管和温度计的250ml的四口瓶置于80℃水浴中,然后按摩尔比1:1加入双酚A型环氧树脂和聚乙二醇,并以200~500r/min的速率搅拌至熔融状态;升温至100℃,加入占双酚A型环氧树脂和聚乙二醇总质量0.15%的三苯基磷,并以200-500r/min的速率搅拌6h,然后将产物倒入表面皿中,即得水性环氧乳化剂。 2. the preparation method of a kind of water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that the preparation of water-based epoxy emulsifier in step 1: 250ml of agitator, reflux condenser and thermometer are housed Place the four-necked bottle in an 80°C water bath, then add bisphenol A epoxy resin and polyethylene glycol at a molar ratio of 1:1, and stir at a rate of 200-500r/min until molten; heat up to 100°C , add triphenylphosphine accounting for 0.15% of the total mass of bisphenol A epoxy resin and polyethylene glycol, and stir at a rate of 200-500r/min for 6h, then pour the product into a watch glass to obtain a water-based ring oxygen emulsifier. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤一中以2000~10000r/min的转速进行搅拌。 3. The method for preparing a water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 1, stirring is performed at a speed of 2000-10000 r/min. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤一中以8000r/min的转速进行搅拌。 4. The preparation method of a kind of carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 1, stirring is carried out at a rotating speed of 8000r/min. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤一中60min后再滴加去离子水至混合体系的固含量为50%。 5. The preparation method of a water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fibers according to claim 4, characterized in that in step 1, deionized water is added dropwise after 60 minutes until the solid content of the mixed system is 50%. 6.根据权利要求5所述的一种碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤三中用去离子水将水性环氧树脂HIT-WE稀释至固含量为3%~4%,然后分散至粒径为200~400nm。 6. The preparation method of a water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fibers according to claim 5, characterized in that in step 3, the water-based epoxy resin HIT-WE is diluted to a solid content of 3% to 4% with deionized water. %, and then dispersed to a particle size of 200-400nm. 7.根据权利要求5所述的一种碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤三中用去离子水将水性环氧树脂HIT-WE稀释至固含量为3.5%,然后分散至粒径为300nm。 7. the preparation method of a kind of carbon fiber waterborne epoxy resin sizing agent according to claim 5 is characterized in that in step 3 waterborne epoxy resin HIT-WE is diluted to solid content with deionized water and is 3.5%, then Disperse to a particle size of 300nm. 8.根据权利要求6或7所述的一种碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤四中按质量比100:0.011将水性环氧树脂乳液HIT- Y与水溶性环氧树脂固化剂HIT-GY混合,得水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S。 8. The preparation method of a kind of carbon fiber water-based epoxy resin sizing agent according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that in step 4, water-based epoxy resin emulsion HIT-Y and water-soluble epoxy resin are mixed by mass ratio 100:0.011 Mix epoxy resin curing agent HIT-GY to get water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S. 9.根据权利要求8所述的一种碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤五中按质量百分比将92%~96%的水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S和4%~8%的助剂混合。 9. The preparation method of a water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fibers according to claim 8, characterized in that in step 5, 92% to 96% of the water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S and 4 %~8% additives mixed. 10.根据权利要求8所述的一种碳纤维用水性环氧树脂上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤五中按质量百分比将98%的水性环氧树脂乳液体系HIT-S、和2%的助剂混合。 10. the preparation method of a kind of water-based epoxy resin sizing agent for carbon fiber according to claim 8, is characterized in that in step 5, 98% of water-based epoxy resin emulsion system HIT-S and 2% of Auxiliary mix.
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