AU2020103666A4

AU2020103666A4 - A preparation method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

Info

Publication number: AU2020103666A4
Application number: AU2020103666A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Jianhui Liang; Guoli Liao; Minghui Lin; Cunbin Shi
Original assignee: Foshan Zhushui Biological Tech Co Ltd; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute CAFS
Current assignee: Foshan Zhushui Biological Technology Co Ltd; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute CAFS
Priority date: 2020-11-25
Filing date: 2020-11-25
Publication date: 2021-02-04
Anticipated expiration: 2028-11-25

Abstract

This invention disclosed a preparation method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Including pond preparation, fingerling, before the release of the Penaeus vannamei larvae, the pond needs to be cleaned, filled with water, the water should be disinfected and fertilized. Then put in the Carassius auratus and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, after that, put in the Penaeus vannamei larvae. Compared with the existing technologies, the Carassius auratus and Penaeus vannamei will not fight each other for food in this invention, and at the same time, the organic matter content in the sediment of the pond will be greatly reduced and the quality of the sediment will be effectively improved. The Hypophthalmichthys molitrix on the other hand will play a good role in regulating the balance of algae in water, and effectively improve water quality. Put in the fingerlings first will improve the sediment and the water quality of the pond, and reduce the bad effects to larval shrimp brought by the organic matter in the sediment at the same time, secure the survival rate of larval shrimp. The perfect combination of these three species plays an important role in regulating shrimp environment, preventing disease and increasing income.

Description

AUSTRALIA

PATENTS ACT 1990

PATENT SPECIFICATION FOR THE INVENTION ENTITLED:

A preparation method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

The invention is described in the following statement:-

A preparation method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to the field of aquaculture technology, in particular to an efficient

ecological processing method suitable for Penaeus vannamei.

BACKGROUND

Since the importation of Penaeus vannamei in China in 1988, because of its strong

imacrenity to disease, tolerance to low salinity, rapid growth, the breeding area has been

expanding and the yield has been constantly making breakthrough and has achieved good

economic and social benefits. However, the outbreak epidemic of Penaeus vannamei still

happens and threatens shrimp breeding industry, and the success rate of shrimp cultivation

has gradually declined in recent years. The traditional breeding methods of Penaeus

vannamei are building intensive pond and high-position pond. Both of them are an

autotrophic ecosystem with high organic burden and small amount of species in the system,

simple food chain, weak self-regulation capacity and poor stability. Researches have shown

that a lot of ecological environmental stress factors can induce the occurrence of viral

diseases, the ecological environment can be improved by physical, chemical and biological

technologies. Establish an acrelti-population ecological comacrenity in good for the

stability of the ecological environment. Three-dimensional utilization of shrimp pond

niche, to effectively control disease. Therefore, to improve the water environment of shrimp ponds, the application of mixed ecological cultivation patterns of fish, shrimp and shellfish should be the direction of shrimp cultivation. China is very experienced in polyculture aquaculture technology, regarding polyculture of Penaeus vannamei and fish including Oreochroms mossambcus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Aristichthys nobilis,

Pelteobagrusfulvidraco,Acregil cephalus, etc. Most of the polyculture methods are only

referred to one other single species. As we know, Penaeus vannamei is an omnivorous

species in the bottom layer, and only can be mixed with fish that won't compete niche with

them, and won't attack them for food. As previously mentioned, the polyculture method

with Oreochroms mossambcus, etc, will effectively solve this problem, however, shrimp

farming is a high-load farming system, the farming process will cause a double burden on

the sediment and water quality, if the sediment and water quality cannot be effectively

controlled, it will eventually lead to the deterioration of the water environment, causing

disease. As Chinese patent 200910041547.5 "A polyculture method of Oreochroms

mossambcus and Penaeus vannamei" disclosed, due to the fact that Oreochroms

mossambcus is omnivorous and can compete with Penaeus vannamei for food, which is

likely to increase the cost of the feeding system. On the other hand, as Chinese patent

201310741051.5 "A low salinity breeding method" disclosed, it is mainly introduced a

polyculture method with Aristichthys nobilis, the food filtration effect of Aristichthys

nobilis can effectively improve water quality and adjust the balance of algae, however, it

cannot do much about improving the quality of sediment, and Aristichthys nobilis is

predatory about feed, which can consume a large amount of shrimp feed, this will increase

the cost of breeding economy. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a polyculture method of Penaeus vannamei, which can effectively improve the water and sediment environment of shrimp culture, minimize the cost and increase the income.

SUMMARY

In order to solve the problems as previously mentioned, the object of this invention is to

provide a preparation method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and

Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix, which can effectively improve the pond culture environment

of Penaeus vannamei and increase the income.

The purpose of the invention is to realize a preparation method of processing Penaeus

vannamei, Carassius auratus and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, characterized by the

following steps:

1. Pond preparation

Water quality conditions should meet the fishery water quality standards,

the average water depth of the pond should be 1.5-2.0 m, every 2-4 acre

pond should be equipped with an aerator, before put in the fingerlings and

larval shrimp, first, the pond should be cleaned and then filled with water,

after that, the water should be disinfected and finally fertilized.

2. Fingerling release

After fertilizing the water in step (1), when the pond water is light green or

light brown, first, put in 300-500 Carassius auratus and 100-150

Hypophthalmichthysmolitrixper per acre, the fingerlings should be soaked in 6-3% salt water for 5-15 minutes before being put into the pond for disinfection.

3. Larval shrimp release

7-10 days after the fingerling release in step (2), put in larval shrimp, the

amount should be 30-50 thousand per acre and the length of each larval

shrimp should reach more than 1 cm.

4. Capture

After 3-4 month, first, use fishing net to capture the fishes. Then use cages

to capture the Penaeus vannamei.

After step (3), operate feeding management: use the mixed feed of compound feed and

fermented feed.

After step (3), operate water quality management: after the release of shrimp larvae, pour

2-3cm water into the pond every day until the pond is filled. After the pond is filled, if there

is a serious deterioration in water quality and a change of water is required, the amount of

water exchanged each time should not exceed 30%. The transparency of water should be

kept at 30-40 cm, the pH index should be controlled at 7.5-8.5, the dissolved oxygen should

be above 5mg/L, the dissolved oxygen at the bottom of the pond should be above 3.5mg/L,

and the non-ionic ammonia should be less than 0.1 mg/L.

The method of pond cleaning mentioned in step (1) is: Sun dry the pond every spring until

the surrounding ditches of the pond are cracked by the sunlight, and keep 5-10 cm of active

sediment. Alkalize the pond with 100-200 kg of quicklime or dolomite powder per acre

and renovate soil 15-20 days before the scheduled date of releasing the fingerlings.

The method of water intake mentioned in step (1) is: Measure the water quality index of

the water source, pour in water 10-20 days before the scheduled date of releasing the

fingerlings. The water quality index should be pH among 7.5-8.5. Non-ionic ammonia

concentration should be less than 0.02 mg/L, sulfide concentration should be less than 0.2

mg/L, dissolved oxygen concentration should be more than 5 mg/L.

The method of pond disinfection mentioned in step (1)is: On the second day after water

intake, 0.5-1.5 kg chlorine dioxide should be used to disinfect per acre, and the

transparency of pool water should be kept above 50 cm.

The method of water fertilization mentioned in step (1) is: 1-2 days after disinfection, the

whole pond needs to be fertilized. 2-4 kg of water fertilizer and 0.8-1.2 kg of compound

bacillus should be used in each acre of pond, and turn on the aerator.

The feeding management mentioned in step (4) is: Use the mixed feed of compound feed

and fermented feed. Within 10-15 days after shrimp larvae were dropped, use 15-25%

fermented feed plus 75-85% compound feed. 10-15 days later, use 5-15% fermented feed

plus 85-95% compound feed. Feed should be dropped 2 times every day. The amount of

feed dropped shall be determined by all consumed within 2.5 hours after the feeding. Stop

feeding for 1 day every 15 days.

In step (5), the transparency of water should be kept at 30-40 cm, change water when

transparency is lower than 30cm, and add water fertilizer when transparency is higher than

40 cm. The pH index should be controlled at 7.5-8.5, and when it is lower than 7.5, spread

15-30g/m 3of quicklime evenly in the whole pool. When it is higher than 8.5, adjust it by

changing a small amount of water.

Compared with existing technologies, in this invention, Carassiusauratus will not fight

Penaeus vannamei for food, in the actual breeding process, it does not pose a threat to the

niche of shrimps. At the same time, due to its omnivorous characteristics, eating residue

and humus at the bottom can greatly reduce the organic matter content at the bottom of the

pond and effectively improve the sediment quality. Another species in this polyculture

method is Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix is a typical filter

feeding fish with special filter-feeding organs, mainly filtering phytoplankton, and usually

lives in the upper and middle layers of the pond, which can adjust the balance of algae in

water and effectively improve water quality. Put in the fingerlings first will improve the

sediment and water quality of the pond, and reduce the bad effects to shrimp larvae brought

by the organic matter in the sediment at the same time, secure the survival rate of shrimp

larvae. The perfect combination of these three species plays an important role in regulating

shrimp breeding environment, preventing disease and increasing income.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This invention of a preparation method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius

auratus and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, which is a low salinity (salinity 1%) breeding

method of Penaeus vannamei, including the following steps:

(1) Pond preparation

The water source should be abundant, water quality conditions should meet the fishery

water quality standards, the suitable pond area is 10-20 acres, the average water depth of

the pond should be 1.5-2.0 m, equipped with independent inlet, outlet and water channels.

Every 2-4 acres pond should be equipped with one impeller aerator on average, for example, the commonly used 3.0 kW impeller aerator. Before putting in the fingerlings and shrimp larvae, first, the pond should be cleaned and then filled with water, after that, the water should be disinfected and finally fertilized.

(1.1) Cleaning the pond

Every spring, drain the water and get rid of the weeds and sundries. Sun dry the pond until

the surrounding ditches of the pond are cracked, and keep 5-10 cm of active sediment.

Alkalize the pond 15-20 days before the scheduled date of releasing the fingerlings. Apply

100-200 kg of quicklime or dolomite powder per acre and renovate soil to help lime and

soil to be fully mixed to obtain the best conditions, and the soil can be fully contacted with

oxygen to enhance soil respiration. In this invention, at the stage of pond cleaning, not only

the pond will be sun dried and kept its partial active sediment, stabilize water quality, use

its own base fertilizer to accelerate the circulation of nitrogen and phosphorus, but also

renovate soil for lime and soil to be fully mixed to obtain the best conditions, and the soil

can be fully contacted with oxygen, it can make organic matter oxidize and turn into usable

nutrition source for water as soon as possible.

(1.2) Water intake

Intake water about 10-20 days before the scheduled date of releasing the fingerlings, the

water quality index of the water source must be measured before pouring the water. The

pH value should be maintained at 7.5-8.5, the concentration of non-ionic ammonia should

be less than 0.02mg/L, the concentration of sulfide should be less than 0.2mg/L, and the

concentration of dissolved oxygen should be greater than 5mg/L. It is best to filter the water

inlet with a 60-mesh silk screen to prevent the entry of wild fish and their eggs. The depth

of water inlet should not be too deep, preferably 70-80 cm.

(1.3) Water disinfection

On the second day after water intake, use 0.5-1.5 kg chlorine dioxide per acre to disinfect,

and keep the water transparency above 50cm.

(1.4) Fertilization:

1-2 days after disinfection, the whole pond needs to be fertilized. 2-4 kg of water fertilizer

and 0.8-1.2 kg of compound bacillus should be used in each acre of pond, and turn on the

aerator. The water fertilizer is made by microbial fermentation technology with chicken

manure as the main raw material. (For example, the water fertilizer disclosed in Chinese

patent 201310062244.8). It can effectively prevent the pollution caused by the spread of

pathogens in chicken manure. At the same time, it has a good effect on the culturing of

plankton algae in the culture water. The massive growth of phytoplankton promotes the

large number of zooplankton such as unicellular animals, rotifers and many crustaceans to

grow, which achieved a significant effect of fertilizing the water. In addition, the compound

addition of compound bacillus can reuse the organic residues in the water and degrade them

into the usable components of plankton to achieve a long-lasting fertilizing effect.

(2) Fingerling release

After fertilization, when the pond water is light green or light brown, put 300-500

Carassius auratus (specification 50-250/kg) and 100-150 Hypophthalmichthys

molitrix(specification 20/kg) per acre. Soak the fingerlings in salt water with a mass

concentration of 6-3% for 5-15 minutes before being placed in the pond for disinfection.

The fingerling release stage in this invention is putting in Carassius auratus and

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix first, followed by shrimp larvae, putting fish first can

comprehensively improve the sediment and water quality of the pond, make full use of the early phytoplankton, and ensure its abundance, and further reduce the harm of organic matter in the sediment to the Penaeus vannamei and ensure the survival rate of the shrimp larvae. The Carassius auratus mentioned in this invention is a new type of Carassius auratushybridized with Carassiusauratusvar. Pengzesis and Cyprinus acutidorsalisusing the methods of group selection and family selection. It is exclusively cultivated by Foshan

Baijin Company. It has the characteristics of fast growth, similar size, strong disease

resistance, strong disease resistance and environmental adaptability to Streptococcus, high

catching rate, which reaches 85%-90%, etc. At present, the market price is 30% more

expensive than that of common Carassiusauratus, and it does not compete with Penaeus

vannamei for food, which can greatly improve the economic benefits of fish and shrimp

polyculture.

(3) Shrimp larvae release

7-10 days after the release of fingerlings, put in 30,000-50,000 shrimp larvae per acre. It is

required that the shrimp larvae are more than lcm long, with bright body surface, full body

organs and the colour of their head organs need to be dark.

Feeding management after the release of shrimp larvae: use the mixed feed of compound

feed and fermented feed. Within 10-15 days after shrimp larvae were dropped, use 15-25%

plus 85-95% compound feed. Feed should be dropped at 7:30 and 17:30 every day. The

amount of feed dropped shall be determined by all consumed within 2.5 hours after the

feeding. Stop feeding for 1 day every 15 days. In this invention, use the feeding system of

using the mixed feed of compound feed and fermented feed. The fermented feed is a kind

of Penaeus vannamei fermented feed produced by Foshan Zhushui Biological Company, which is mainly a feed material fermented by microorganisms, which can promote digestion and absorption, reduce feed costs, and prevent shrimp diseases such as hepatomegaly and nutritional white stool.

Water quality management after the release of shrimp larvae: After the release of shrimp

larvae, intake 2-3 cm water every day until this pond is filled. After the pool water is full,

if the water quality indicators deteriorate seriously, the water can be changed appropriately,

but the amount of water changed each time should not exceed 30%. The transparency of

the water should be maintained at 30-40 cm, change the water when it is below 30cm, apply

water fertilizer when it is higher than 40 cm; control the pH index at 7.5-8.5, when it is

lower than 7.5, use quicklime 15-30g/m 3 to evenly splash the whole pond; When it is higher

than 8.5, a small amount of water should be changed to adjust; the dissolved oxygen should

be above 5mg/L, and the non-ionic ammonia should be less than 0.1mg/L.

(4) Capture

After 3-4 months, first, use fishing net to capture the fishes. Then use cages to capture the

Penaeus vannamei.

Quicklime, water fertilizer, compound bacillus, chlorine dioxide, compound feed, shrimp

fermentation feed, etc. It can be all purchased from the market. As for Carassiusauratus

mentioned, use the new type cultivated by Foshan Sanshui Baijin Aquatic Fingerling Co.,

Ltd.

Embodiment 1

The pond of Penaeus vannamei cultured by a farmer in Da'ao Town, Jiangmen,

Guangdong Province has a water depth of 1.5 m and a scale of water of 10 acres. The bottom material of the pond is sandy soil. Before releasing fingerlings, the pond is thoroughly cleaned with quicklime, and the pond is dried, filled with water and disinfected.

Before the release of fingerlings and shrimp larvae, experimental group farmers mix water

fertilizer (disclosed in Chinese patent 201310062244.8) with compound bacillus and water.

After stirring evenly, pour it into the pond. 2 kg of water fertilizer and 1 kg of compound

bacillus were used per acre-m respectively, and the water colour should be yellow-green.

Then, 300 Carassiusauratus (100 fish /kg) and 100 Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix (20 fish

/kg) should be put into each acre, and soaked in 5% salt water for 10 minutes for

disinfection before putting in. 7 days after the release of fingerlings, put in shrimp larvae

of Penaeusvannamei. Put in 50,000 (with a body length of 3 cm) per acre, and within 15

days of the shrimp larvae release, the ratio of the fermented feed (produced by Foshan

Zhushui Biological Company) used every day to the compound feed should be 1:4. After

15 days, the ratio should be changed to 1:9, and the feeding amount shall be subject to be

all consumed within 2 hours after feeding. Every 7-10 days, compound effective

microorganisms are sprinkled to adjust the water quality and environment, keep the water

transparency between 30-50 cm, or the yellow-brown colour of the water. Control the

occurrence of diseases, and basically do not use other drugs. After 60 days of breeding, the

body length of shrimps is about 15 cm, the weight of a single Penaeus vannamei is about

25 g, the average number of finished Penaeus vannamei is about 50 /kg, and the average

yield per acre is 700 kg.

Control group farmers used Oreochroms mossambcus on the market as the polyculture

object, replaced the Carassius auratus and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in Embodiment

1, and used the compound feed throughout the entire process. Others were the same as

Embodiment 1. After 60 days of cultivation, although the production of Penaeus vannamei

is good, the average finished Penaeus vannamei is about 60 heads/kg, and the output is

about 600 kg per acre. However, the body size of the finished Penaeus vannamei is not

very close, and there are Early Mortality Syndrome during the breeding process, and they

often need to replace the water, and the control group farmers have used antibiotics.

The blank group famers only monocultured Penaeus vannamei, and the others were the

same as in Embodiment 1. The average finished Penaeus vannamei average about 75

heads/kg, and the yield of water per acre hovers around 300-500 kg. There are many drugs

used, the pond water quality is unstable, the water colour and transparency change greatly,

and the water needs to be changed frequently, and the Penaeus vannamei is easy to get

white spot syndrome and early mortality syndrome, pond drainage even happened

occasionally.

Claims

THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1. A preparation method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and

Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Pond preparation

Water quality conditions should meet the fishery water quality standards, the average water

depth of the pond should be 1.5-2.0 m, every 2-4 acre pond should be equipped with an

aerator, before put in the fingerlings and shrimp larvae, first, the pond should be cleaned

and then filled with water, after that, the water should be disinfected andfinally fertilized.

(2) Fingerling release

After fertilizing the water in step (1), when the pond water is light green or light brown,

first, put in 300-500 Carassiusauratus and 100-150 Hypophthalmichthys molitrixper per

acre, the fingerlings should be soaked in 6-3% salt water for 5-15 minutes before being put

into the pond for disinfection;

(3) shrimp larvae release

7-10 days after the fingerling release in step (2), put in shrimp larvae, the amount should

be 30-50 thousand per acre and the length of each shrimp larvae should reach more than 1

cm.

(4) Capture

Penaeus vannamei.

2. The method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and

Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the step (3), operate feeding system management: use a mixed feed of compound feed and fermented feed.

3. The method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: Operate water

quality management: after the release of shrimp larvae, pour 2-3 cm water into the pond

every day until the pond is filled. After the pond is filled, if there is a serious deterioration

in water quality and a change of water is required, the amount of water exchanged each

time should not exceed 30%. The transparency of water should be kept at 30-40 cm, the

pH index should be controlled at 7.5-8.5, the dissolved oxygen should be above 5mg/L, the

dissolved oxygen at the bottom of the pond should be above 3.5mg/L, and the non-ionic

ammonia should be less than 0.1 mg/L.

4. The method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of

pond cleaning mentioned in step (1) is: Sun dry the pond every spring until the surrounding

ditches of the pond are cracked by the sunlight, and keep 5-10 cm of active sediment.

Alkalize the pond with 100-200 kg of quicklime or dolomite powder per acre and renovate

soil 15-20 days before the scheduled date of releasing the fingerlings.

5. The method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and

water intake mentioned in step (1) is: measure the water quality index of the water source,

pour in water 10-20 days before the scheduled date of releasing the fingerlings. The water

quality index should be: pH among 7.5-8.5. non-ionic ammonia concentration should be less than 0.02 mg/L, sulfide concentration should be less than 0.2 mg/L, dissolved oxygen concentration should be more than 5 mg/L.

6. The method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the second

day after water inflow, 0.5-1.5 kg chlorine dioxide should be used to disinfect per acre, and

the transparency of pond water should be kept above 50 cm.

7. The method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and

water fertilization mentioned in step (1) is: 1-2 days after disinfection, the whole pond

needs to be fertilized. 2-4 kg of water fertilizer and 0.8-1.2 kg of compound bacillus should

be used in each acre of pond, and turn on the aerator.

8. The method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feeding

management mentioned in step (4) is: Use the mixed feed of compound feed and fermented

feed. Within 10-15 days after shrimp larvae were dropped, use 15-25% fermented feed plus

75-85% compound feed. 10-15 days later, use 5-15% fermented feed plus 85-95%

compound feed. Feed should be dropped 2 times every day. The amount of feed dropped

shall be determined by all consumed within 2.5 hours after the feeding. Stop feeding for 1

day every 15 days.

9. The method of processing Penaeus vannamei, Carassius auratus and

Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the mentioned

water quality management stage, the transparency of water should be kept at 30-40cm,

change water when transparency is lower than 30 cm, and add water fertilizer when transparency is higher than 40 cm. The pH index should be controlled at 7.5-8.5, and when it is lower than 7.5, spread 15-30g/m 3 of quicklime evenly in the whole pond. When it is higher than 8.5, adjust it by changing a small amount of water.