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%I A263012 #20 Jun 20 2020 01:05:03
%S A263012 17,41,73,89,97,113,137,161,193,217,233,241,281,313,329,337,353,409,
%T A263012 433,449,457,497,521,553,569,593,601,617,641,673,713,721,769,809,833,
%U A263012 857,881,889,929,937,953,977,1033,1049,1057,1081,1097,1153,1169,1193,1201,1217,1241,1249,1289,1321,1337,1361,1409,1433,1457,1481,1513,1553,1561,1609,1633,1649,1657,1673,1697,1721,1753,1777,1801,1817,1841,1873,1889,1913,1921,1993
%N A263012 Odd numbers D not a square that admit proper solutions (x, y) to the Pell equation x^2 - D*y^2 = +8 with both x and y odd.
%C A263012 These are the nonsquare odd numbers D that admit proper solutions (x, y) to the generalized Pell equation x^2 - D*y^2 = +8 with both x and y odd. They are given by D == 1 (mod 8), not a square, no prime factors 3 or 5 (mod 8) in the composite case (see A263011), and they are not exceptional values which are given in A264348. Up to the number 2000 these exceptional values are 257, 401, 577, 697, 761, 1009, 1129, 1297, 1393, 1489, 1601, 1897. [sequence reference corrected by _Peter Munn_, Jun 19 2020]
%C A263012 The corresponding positive proper fundamental solutions (x1(D), y1(D)) for the first class are given in A264349 and A264350. There always seem to be two conjugacy classes. The positive proper fundamental solution of the second class (x2, y2) is, for given D, obtained by applying the matrix M(D) = matrix[[x0(D), D*y0(D)],[y0(D), x0(D)]] on (x1(D), -y1(D))^T (T for transposed). Here (x0(D), y0(D)) is the positive fundamental solution of the Pell equation x^2 - D*y^2 = +1 (which is always proper). See the appropriate entries of A033313 and A033317 for these solutions. There would be only one class (the ambiguous case) if this application of M(D) would lead to (x1(D), y1(D))^T. This does not seem to happen. The positive proper fundamental solutions (x2(D), y2(D)) of the second class are given in A264351 and A264353.
%C A263012 The case of odd D with both y and x even leads to improper solutions obtained from the +2 Pell equation (see A261246), e.g., D = 7 has the fundamental positive improper solution (6, 2) = 2*(3, 1) obtained from the proper solution (3, 1) of x^2 - 7*y^2 = +2 (see A261247(2) and A261248(2)). There is only one class of solutions (ambiguous case).
%C A263012 The case of even D with y odd and x even needs D == 0 (mod 4). See 4*A261246 = A264354 for the even D values that admit proper solutions. There appear one or two classes of solutions in this case.
%C A263012 The improper solutions with even D and both x and y even, come from X^2 - D*Y2 = +2 which needs D/2 odd without prime factors 3 or 5 (mod 8) in the composite case. Such D values that do not admit a solution are called exceptional and are given by A264352.
%C A263012 This is a proper subsequence of A263011.
%e A263012 The first positive fundamental solutions of the first class (x1(n), y1(n)) are (the first entry gives D(n) = a(n)):
%e A263012   [17, (5, 1)], [41, (7, 1)], [73, (9, 1)],
%e A263012   [89, (217, 23)], [97, (69, 7)], [113, (11, 1)], [137, (199, 170], [161, (13, 1)],
%e A263012   [193, (56445, 4063)], [217, (15, 1)],
%e A263012   [233, (6121, 401)], [241, (46557, 2999)],
%e A263012   [281, (17, 1)], [313, (9567711, 540799)],
%e A263012   [329, (127, 7)], [337, (73829571, 4021753)], ...
%e A263012 The first positive fundamental solutions of the second class (x2(n), y2(n)) are:
%e A263012   [17, (29, 7)], [41, (1223, 191)],
%e A263012   [73, (1040241, 121751)], [89, (9217, 977)],
%e A263012   [97, (3642669, 369857)], [113, (445435, 41903)], [137, (122279, 10447)], [161, (3667, 289)],
%e A263012   [193, (441089445, 31750313)],
%e A263012   [217, (1034361, 70217)], [233, (700801, 45911)], [241, (866477098293, 55814696449)], ...
%Y A263012 Cf. A261246, A263011, A264348, A264349, A264350, A264351, A264353, A264354.
%K A263012 nonn
%O A263012 1,1
%A A263012 _Wolfdieter Lang_, Nov 17 2015

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