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"Fourth down, Extream [sic] between the two farthest Bells from it" in bell-ringing is a sequence of permutations p_1=(1,2,3,4), p_2=(1,2,4,3), .. which runs through all permutations of {1,2,3,4} with period 24; sequence gives position of bell 3 in n-th permutation.
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7
3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1
COMMENTS
Start with (1,2,3,4), i.e. the first permutation of {1,2,3} followed by 4; then for each next permutation, transpose 4 one to the left; if at position 1, replace {1,2,3} recursively by the next permutation of these numbers. Thereafter, for each next permutation, transpose 4 to the right. And so on.
LINKS
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,1).
MAPLE
ring:= proc(k::nonnegint) local p, i, left, l, nf, ini; if k<=1 then proc() [1$k] end else ini := proc() p:= ring(k-1); i:= k; left:= true; l:= p(); nf:= k! end; ini(); proc() local ll; ll:= [seq(l[t], t=1..(i-1)), k, seq(l[t], t=i..(k-1))]; if left then if i>1 then i:= i-1 else left:= false; l:=p() fi else if i<k then i:= i+1 else left:= true; l:=p() fi fi; nf:= nf-1; if nf = 0 then ini() fi; ll end fi end: bell := proc(k) option remember; local p; p:= ring(k); [seq(p(), i=1..k!)] end: indx:= proc(l, k) local i; for i from 1 to nops(l) do if l[i]=k then break fi od; i end: a := n-> indx (bell(4)[modp(n-1, 24)+1], 3): seq (a(n), n=1..121);
MATHEMATICA
a[n_] := a[n] = If[n <= 13, {3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2}[[n]], a[n-1] - a[n-12] + a[n-13]]; Array[a, 105] (* Jean-François Alcover, May 01 2019 *) LinearRecurrence[{1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1}, {3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2}, 120] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 28 2020 *)
"Fourth down, Extream [sic] between the two farthest Bells from it" in bell-ringing is a sequence of permutations p_1=(1,2,3,4), p_2=(1,2,4,3), .. which runs through all permutations of {1,2,3,4} with period 24; sequence gives number in position 3 of n-th permutation.
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6
3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2
COMMENTS
Start with (1,2,3,4), i.e. the first permutation of {1,2,3} followed by 4; then for each next permutation, transpose 4 one to the left; if at position 1, replace {1,2,3} recursively by the next permutation of these numbers. Thereafter, for each next permutation, transpose 4 to the right. And so on.
LINKS
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,-2,1,0,0,-1,2,-2,1,0,0,-1,2,-2,1,0,0,-1,2,-2,1).
FORMULA
Period 24.
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - 2*a(n-2) + a(n-3) - a(n-6) + 2*a(n-7) - 2*a(n-8) + a(n-9) - a(n-12) + 2*a(n-13) - 2*a(n-14) + a(n-15) - a(n-18) + 2*a(n-19) - 2*a(n-20) + a(n-21) for n > 21.
G.f.: x*(-3*x^20 + 2*x^19 + x^18 - 4*x^17 + x^16 + 2*x^15 - 6*x^14 + 6*x^13 - 3*x^12 - 4*x^11 + 6*x^10 - 3*x^9 - 3*x^8 + 5*x^7 - 5*x^6 + x^5 + x^4 - 3*x^3 + 2*x - 3)/((x - 1)*(x^2 + 1)*(x^4 + 1)*(x^2 - x + 1)*(x^4 - x^2 + 1)*(x^8 - x^4 + 1)). (End)
MAPLE
ring:= proc(k::nonnegint) local p, i, left, l, nf, ini; if k<=1 then proc() [1$k] end else ini := proc() p:= ring(k-1); i:= k; left:= true; l:= p(); nf:= k! end; ini(); proc() local ll; ll:= [seq(l[t], t=1..(i-1)), k, seq(l[t], t=i..(k-1))]; if left then if i>1 then i:= i-1 else left:= false; l:=p() fi else if i<k then i:= i+1 else left:= true; l:=p() fi fi; nf:= nf-1; if nf = 0 then ini() fi; ll end fi end: bell := proc(k) option remember; local p; p:= ring(k); [seq(p(), i=1..k!)] end: a := n-> bell(4)[modp(n-1, 24)+1][3]: seq (a(n), n=1..121);
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{2, -2, 1, 0, 0, -1, 2, -2, 1, 0, 0, -1, 2, -2, 1, 0, 0, -1, 2, -2, 1}, {3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 1}, 105] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 14 2021 *)
"Fourth down, Extream [sic] between the two farthest Bells from it" in bell-ringing is a sequence of permutations p_1=(1,2,3,4), p_2=(1,2,4,3), .. which runs through all permutations of {1,2,3,4} with period 24; sequence gives number in position 4 of n-th permutation.
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5
4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4
COMMENTS
Start with (1,2,3,4), i.e. the first permutation of {1,2,3} followed by 4; then for each next permutation, transpose 4 one to the left; if at position 1, replace {1,2,3} recursively by the next permutation of these numbers. Thereafter, for each next permutation, transpose 4 to the right. And so on.
LINKS
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,-2,1,0,0,-1,2,-2,1,0,0,-1,2,-2,1,0,0,-1,2,-2,1).
FORMULA
Period 24.
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - 2*a(n-2) + a(n-3) - a(n-6) + 2*a(n-7) - 2*a(n-8) + a(n-9) - a(n-12) + 2*a(n-13) - 2*a(n-14) + a(n-15) - a(n-18) + 2*a(n-19) - 2*a(n-20) + a(n-21) for n > 21.
G.f.: x*(-4*x^20 + 5*x^19 - 5*x^18 + x^17 + 2*x^16 - 2*x^15 - 2*x^14 + 2*x^13 - 2*x^12 + x^11 - x^10 + x^9 - 3*x^8 + 3*x^7 - 3*x^6 - x^5 + x^4 + x^3 - 5*x^2 + 5*x - 4)/((x - 1)*(x^2 + 1)*(x^4 + 1)*(x^2 - x + 1)*(x^4 - x^2 + 1)*(x^8 - x^4 + 1)). (End)
MAPLE
ring:= proc(k::nonnegint) local p, i, left, l, nf, ini; if k<=1 then proc() [1$k] end else ini := proc() p:= ring(k-1); i:= k; left:= true; l:= p(); nf:= k! end; ini(); proc() local ll; ll:= [seq(l[t], t=1..(i-1)), k, seq(l[t], t=i..(k-1))]; if left then if i>1 then i:= i-1 else left:= false; l:=p() fi else if i<k then i:= i+1 else left:= true; l:=p() fi fi; nf:= nf-1; if nf = 0 then ini() fi; ll end fi end: bell := proc(k) option remember; local p; p:= ring(k); [seq(p(), i=1..k!)] end: a := n-> bell(4)[modp(n-1, 24)+1][4]: seq (a(n), n=1..121);
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{2, -2, 1, 0, 0, -1, 2, -2, 1, 0, 0, -1, 2, -2, 1, 0, 0, -1, 2, -2, 1}, {4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 1, 1, 1, 3}, 105] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 15 2021 *)
"Fourth down, Extream [sic] between the two farthest Bells from it" in bell-ringing is a sequence of permutations p_1=(1,2,3,4), p_2=(1,2,4,3), .. which runs through all permutations of {1,2,3,4} with period 24; sequence gives position of bell 1 (the treble bell) in n-th permutation.
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4
1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2
COMMENTS
Start with (1,2,3,4), i.e. the first permutation of {1,2,3} followed by 4; then for each next permutation, transpose 4 one to the left; if at position 1, replace {1,2,3} recursively by the next permutation of these numbers. Thereafter, for each next permutation, transpose 4 to the right. And so on.
LINKS
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,1).
FORMULA
Period 24.
a(n) = a(n-1) - a(n-12) + a(n-13) for n > 13.
G.f.: x*(-2*x^12 - x^10 - x^8 + x^5 - x^3 - 1)/(x^13 - x^12 + x - 1). (End)
EXAMPLE
The full list of the 24 permutations is as follows (the present sequence gives position of bell 1):
1 2 3 4
1 2 4 3
1 4 2 3
4 1 2 3
4 1 3 2
1 4 3 2
1 3 4 2
1 3 2 4
3 1 2 4
3 1 4 2
3 4 1 2
4 3 1 2
4 3 2 1
3 4 2 1
3 2 4 1
3 2 1 4
2 3 1 4
2 3 4 1
2 4 3 1
4 2 3 1
4 2 1 3
2 4 1 3
2 1 4 3
2 1 3 4
MAPLE
ring:= proc(k::nonnegint) local p, i, left, l, nf, ini; if k<=1 then proc() [1$k] end else ini:= proc() p:= ring(k-1); i:= k; left:= true; l:= p(); nf:= k! end; ini(); proc() local ll; ll:= [seq(l[t], t=1..(i-1)), k, seq(l[t], t=i..(k-1))]; if left then if i>1 then i:= i-1 else left:= false; l:=p() fi else if i<k then i:= i+1 else left:= true; l:=p() fi fi; nf:= nf-1; if nf = 0 then ini() fi; ll end fi end: bell := proc(k) option remember; local p; p:= ring(k); [seq(p(), i=1..k!)] end: indx:= proc(l, k) local i; for i from 1 to nops(l) do if l[i]=k then break fi od; i end: a:= n-> indx(bell(4)[modp(n-1, 24)+1], 1): seq(a(n), n=1..121);
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3}, 105] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 15 2021 *)
"Fourth down, Extream [sic] between the two farthest Bells from it" in bell-ringing is a sequence of permutations p_1=(1,2,3,4), p_2=(1,2,4,3), .. which runs through all permutations of {1,2,3,4} with period 24; sequence gives position of bell 2 in n-th permutation.
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5
2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3
COMMENTS
Start with (1,2,3,4), i.e. the first permutation of {1,2,3} followed by 4; then for each next permutation, transpose 4 one to the left; if at position 1, replace {1,2,3} recursively by the next permutation of these numbers. Thereafter, for each next permutation, transpose 4 to the right. And so on.
LINKS
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,1).
FORMULA
Period 24.
a(n) = a(n-1) - a(n-12) + a(n-13) for n > 13.
G.f.: x*(-x^12 - x^9 + x^7 - x^4 - x^2 - 2)/(x^13 - x^12 + x - 1). (End)
MAPLE
ring:= proc(k::nonnegint) local p, i, left, l, nf, ini; if k<=1 then proc() [1$k] end else ini := proc() p:= ring(k-1); i:= k; left:= true; l:= p(); nf:= k! end; ini(); proc() local ll; ll:= [seq(l[t], t=1..(i-1)), k, seq(l[t], t=i..(k-1))]; if left then if i>1 then i:= i-1 else left:= false; l:=p() fi else if i<k then i:= i+1 else left:= true; l:=p() fi fi; nf:= nf-1; if nf = 0 then ini() fi; ll end fi end: bell := proc(k) option remember; local p; p:= ring(k); [seq(p(), i=1..k!)] end: indx:= proc(l, k) local i; for i from 1 to nops(l) do if l[i]=k then break fi od; i end: a := n-> indx (bell(4)[modp(n-1, 24)+1], 2): seq (a(n), n=1..121);
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1}, {2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2}, 105] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 15 2021 *)
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