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Note that in base b = 2, no values of x satisying (*) exist, and the theorem asserts that D(2) is empty. In fact it is easy to check directly that every commas sequence in base 2 is infinite. If the initial term is 0 or 1 (mod 4 ) then the sequence will merge with A042948, and if the initial term is 2 or 3 mod 4 then ; otherwise the sequence will merge with A042964.
N. J. A. Sloane, <a href="/A367341/a367341_1.txt">The comma-successor theorem.</a>.
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a[n_] := a[n] = Module[{l = n, y = 1, d}, While[y < 10, l = l + 10*(Mod[l, 10]); y = 1; While[y < 10, d = IntegerDigits[l + y][[1]]; If[d == y, l = l + y; Break[]; ]; y++; ]; If[y < 10, Return[l]]; ]; Return[-1]; ];
Table[a[n], {n, 1, 65}] (* Robert P. P. McKone, Dec 18 2023 *)
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Comment from N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 19 2023 : (Start)
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