OFFSET
1,2
COMMENTS
A skew Dyck path is a path in the first quadrant which begins at the origin, ends on the x-axis, consists of steps U=(1,1)(up), D=(1,-1)(down) and L=(-1,-1)(left) so that up and left steps do not overlap. The length of the path is defined to be the number of its steps.
Row sums yield A002212.
T(n,1) = 2*A002212(n-1) for n >= 2 (obvious: the path of semilength n with exactly one return are of the form UPD and UPL, where P is a path of semilength n-1).
Sum_{k=1..n} k*T(n,k) = A128742(n).
LINKS
E. Deutsch, E. Munarini, S. Rinaldi, Skew Dyck paths, J. Stat. Plann. Infer. 140 (8) (2010) 2191-2203
FORMULA
G.f.: (1 - tz + tzg)/(1 - tzg) - 1, where g = 1 + zg^2 + z(g-1) = (1 - z - sqrt(1 - 6z + 5z^2))/(2z).
Column k has g.f. z^k*g^(k-1)*(2g-1).
EXAMPLE
T(4,3)=4 because we have U(D)U(D)UUD(D), U(D)U(D)UUD(L), U(D)UUD(D)U(D) and UUD(D)U(D)U(D) (the return steps to the x-axis are shown between parentheses).
Triangle starts:
1;
2, 1;
6, 3, 1;
20, 11, 4, 1;
72, 42, 17, 5, 1;
MAPLE
g:=(1-z-sqrt(1-6*z+5*z^2))/2/z: G:=(1-t*z+t*z*g)/(1-t*z*g)-1: Gser:=simplify(series(G, z=0, 15)): for n from 1 to 13 do P[n]:=sort(coeff(Gser, z, n), n=1..11) od: for n from 1 to 11 do seq(coeff(P[n], t, j), j=1..n) od;
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
tabl,nonn
AUTHOR
Emeric Deutsch, Mar 31 2007
STATUS
approved