OFFSET
0,3
COMMENTS
This sequence arises from reading the line from 0, in the direction 0, 1, ... and the same line from 0, in the direction 0, 8, ..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the triangular numbers A000217. Cf. A139591, etc. - Omar E. Pol, May 03 2008
The general formula for alternating sums of powers of odd integers is in terms of the Swiss-Knife polynomials P(n,x) A153641 (P(n,0)-(-1)^k*P(n,2*k))/2. Here n=2, thus a(k) = |(P(2,0)-(-1)^k*P(2,2*k))/2|. - Peter Luschny, Jul 12 2009
Axis perpendicular to A046092 in the square spiral whose vertices are the triangular numbers A000217. See the comment above. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 14 2011
Column 8 of A195040. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 28 2011
Subsequence of A194274. - Bruno Berselli, Sep 22 2011
Partial sums of A047522. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 07 2012
Alternating sum of the first n odd squares in decreasing order, n >= 1. Also number of "ON" cells at n-th stage in simple 2-dimensional cellular automaton. The rules are: on the infinite square grid, start with all cells OFF, so a(0) = 0. Turn a single cell to the ON state, so a(1) = 1. At each subsequent step, the neighbor cells of each cell of the old generation are turned ON, and the cells of the old generation are turned OFF. Here "neighbor" refers to the eight adjacent cells of each ON cell. See example. - Omar E. Pol, Feb 16 2014
LINKS
Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Bruno Berselli, An origin of A077221 (illustration) (see Pol's comment).
N. J. A. Sloane, Catalog of Toothpick and Cellular Automata Sequences in the OEIS.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,0,-2,1).
FORMULA
a(2n) = 8*n^2, a(2n+1) = 8*n(n+1) + 1.
From Ralf Stephan, Mar 31 2003: (Start)
a(n) = 2*n^2 + 4*n + 1 [+1 if n is odd] with a(0)=1.
G.f.: x*(x^2+6*x+1)/(1-x)^3/(1+x). (End)
Row sums of triangle A131925; binomial transform of (1, 7, 2, 4, -8, 16, -32, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 29 2007
a(n) = a(-n); a(n+1) = A195605(n) - (-1)^n. - Bruno Berselli, Sep 22 2011
a(n) = 2*n^2 + ((-1)^n-1)/2. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 28 2011
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = Pi^2/48 + tan(Pi/(2*sqrt(2)))*Pi /(4*sqrt(2)). - Amiram Eldar, Jan 16 2023
EXAMPLE
From Omar E. Pol, Feb 16 2014: (Start)
Illustration of initial terms as a cellular automaton:
.
. O O O O O O O
. O O O O O O O
. O O O O O O O O O O
. O O O O O O O O O O
. O O O O O O O O O O
. O O O O O O O
. O O O O O O O
.
. 1 8 17 32
.
(End)
MAPLE
a := n -> 2*n^2 - (n mod 2); # Peter Luschny, Jul 12 2009
MATHEMATICA
a=1; lst={a}; Do[b=n^2-a; AppendTo[lst, b]; a=b, {n, 3, 6!, 2}]; lst (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, May 18 2009 *)
PROG
(Magma) [2*n^2 - (n mod 2): n in [0..50]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 22 2011
(Haskell)
a077221 n = a077221_list !! n
a077221_list = scanl (+) 0 a047522_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 07 2012
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,easy
AUTHOR
Amarnath Murthy, Nov 03 2002
EXTENSIONS
Extended by Ralf Stephan, Mar 31 2003
STATUS
approved